9
9A countable / uncountable nouns
@h A
anapple —threeapples
+ There are two kinds of noun in English; countable
(Cand uncountable (U),
C= things you can count, ¢.g. apples. C nouns can
be singular (an apple) or plural (apples)
Us things you can't count,
butter, meat NOT twobutters, three meats
Unouns are normally singular,
+ Some nouns can be C or U butthe meaning is
different.
% &
nice cream (C) some icecream (U)
a/an, some/any
countable uncountable 4/30)
TWeneed | anapple
some butter,
some apples :
[Wedon'tneed | @tomato any rice
any tomatoes.
TDoweneed | anorange? | any sugar?
any oranges?
+ Weusea/anwith singular C nouns a/an =one.
+ Weuse some[E]with plural C nouns and with U nouns; some = not an
exact number or quantity:
+ Weuuse any in =Jand [with plural C nouns and with U nouns.
somein(?)
We use some n{Flto ask for and offer things.
Can have some apples, please?
Would you tke some coffee?
9B quantifiers: how much/ how many, a lot of etc.
uncountable
(Gingular)
short answers
fullanswers
+ Weuse How much...? with uncountable (UI) nouns and.
How many. ..? with plural countable (C) nouns.
+ Weuse:
4 ot (of) with Cand U nouns fora big quantity.
quite. lot (of) for a medium quantity.
(437)
ake ‘ ee «alitle|not,..much with U nouns for a small quantity.
Howmuch sugar | Quitealor, | Lear quite alot of sugar afew not..many with C plural nouns fora small quantity.
oe Allictle Teaeallittle sugar, :
lo you ea | Notmmch, | denvenr tone supa: not..any (nonein short answers) for zero quantity.
None. I don'eat any su
——___ ida lot of and much/many
fountable (plural) a" ences We usually ase a lot of
Alot Tearalot of sweets. + InfElsentences and{Z], we usually use much and many:
How many sweets | Quitealot, eat quite alot of sweets I don’ drink much water. Do you drink much coffee?
dayne? | Aten leat few sweets + Iesaso posse tose alorafin(land: Da you drink
ee [eee alot of cofee? Idon't eat a lot of vegetables
9C comparative adjectives
Isyoursister older than you? 447)
Buckingham Palaces bigger than the White
House
Female mosquitoes are more dangerous than
males
My new jobs better than my old one.
Thetraficisalways worse inthe evening
+ Use comparative adjectives + than to
compare two things, people, ec.
old older
se oneaylabe adjectives: adver
big bigger ‘adjectives ending one vowel tone
hot hotter consonant: double consonant, a6d-er
dry deer one- or two-sylable adjectives ending
heslthy healthier | consonant +> er
famous | morefamous | two-or ore syllable adjectives: more +
expensive _more expensive | adjective
‘good better
fad worse iregular
fer further9A
a Write a, an, or some +a
food | drink word.
GRAMMAR BANK
Complete the dialogue with a, an, some, ot any.
A What can we cook for your brother and his girlfriend?
B
Let’s make alasagne.
‘A Good idea. Are there*___ onions?
B Yes. And there are___ tomatoes, too,
A Great!
B Ohno! There isn’t?_ pasta!
A Ob. Waita minute, Ibought fish yesterday. ArethereS__ potatoes?
B Yes, there are
‘A Good. So we can have fish and chips. Do we have ®__ fruit?
B Yes. I think we have”__oranges. Why?
‘A You can make® fruit salad for dessert. There's? __appleand®_
bananas, too.
B OK. Let’sstart cooking