PLATA, ARJSAY 8. MME G21 PROBLEM SET FoR CHAPTER 7 4) Butane Catto is bunecl in 200 percent theoretical air. For complete combustion, how many kmol of water must be sprayed into the combustion chamber. per kmol of fuel if the provets ©f combustion are to howe o olve point temperature of to'c, When the product pressure if 100 KPa? a PRovucts Solution, an 200"Jo THEORETICAL The general form of the chemical reaction in this cose con be written as follows + Callio + 2a (0.4 3.76N2)—7 bCO, teH0 + OO F32-H IN, An analysis gives the following Coctfietents ~ a = “S, b= 4, c75 oid ol= 13. Apter considering tne ddelitional water, the final form of the equation is: Cato + 130; + 48.88 .N2 + NHC —> 4c0, +(5+ Nyro) Heo + G50, + 48.88 Ne The saturation pressure of the Water vopor at the given Temperature is taken from A-4 oid it is Pyyo = 19.98 kPa The mole number of the additional water is then obtaineol from the relation for the pontial pressure of the Water Nopor + Nn Fuso =, Ha0, tot Pen Ne \9.q3 =——__S4 Muse ___ - [oo 445+ Nao + 6-5 448,88 Niio = 9-8 kmol CANS.) Scanned with CamScanner2. A suet mixture of 20°[, by moss methane (¢H4) ond © 0% by mass ethane! Cert, 0), i¢ burned completely with theoretical air. Ig the total flowrate of the fuel is at kgs cletermineo| the requiredl flow rate of alr Solution: inital cu, +1 08x21 Vuong x (or tate Me) (12%1)+ (1x4) axe) + Cree) Cex) 7 aC, + bH,O + kNa By making balomce for each component. Cholance: 0.3875 t 0-5391X2 = A'S |-4057 H balance + 0. 3075 X4 + 0-5391 XG = 2b Sothat b= 2-3923 O balance > 0-5391 42% = 2atb sotnat X= 23925 Nz balonce : 3.76X = ke = 8-995 . A) __XCs2ts¢ x28) __2.3923(32+ 3-16 X48) = 10-59 Kaaie F © (0.2xat)+(owxat) Conxai)+(o-exal ) leg el So that the amount of oir used be = lo. = 329-41 Ka one Mair = 10-59 xX 3] 4 ‘g cans) s 207, ela 8% CLH.O, PRopucts AR |00" Jo theoretical Scanned with CamScanner3. Octome (Coli) is burned with 250% theoretical ain, Which eniers the combustion chamber at 25°C. Assuming complete combustion and total pressure Of 1 dtm, , cletermine a) alr fuel ratio and b) the clewpoint temperature of the product Solution: Celia + X (0,4 9-16 N,)—7_ CO + BHO + LO, tk Ma by making balance for each component. C balane » G8 =a H balance > [8 = 2b so thet b= 9 O balance > 2¥ = 2046 +2 sothat 2¥* 254 ai Na balance: 3-7 X = ke Xactual = X theoretical ¥ A = (94 m\ a Xactoal > (a+ X25 = 325 Sotnat is ww.1s k= Wns e) 4) 2X CS24 3.76 Kae) M25 (324 3:7 x28) _ 47 64 Igair FL Caxnd+Cxm) Caxe)* (1x08) Kg heel For the amount of woiter formed Kuo = PHO _ 9 — «= 0.0587 "total Bt9 + 18-75 + [17-5 Paso = Kujo X Protal = 00587 x1 = 0.0887 atm From the steam table ot Pj,0 = 5.9287 Kfa, the Tsot = 36°C Scanned with CamScanner4. Methyl Alechol (Cisoy) is burned with stoichiometerc oimount °F aie. Calculate the mole fraction Of each OF tne prodects ind the apparent molar mass of the product gos: Also calculate the mess of water in the, preduct per veil Moss of fuel burned. Assumptions + |. Combustion is Complete 2, The combustion products contain CO, 420 and Ne only Properties : tre molar masses of Cy Be, 0 and atr are '2 kglmel, 2g | mol, 32 kaftmel, ene 29 Kg [kmol, respectively Analysis: the balanced reaction eoyation for stoichiometeic, aur 1s CHeod + FS [opt 3-ToN2 |] —y Cort ato 5.04 Ne The mole fractions of the products ane Nm = 421 5-c4 = 8-64 [emel ¥Co, =Nee 2 Ahm Sosy CHsOn Nm 8-64 Kemet oe Yao = NW:O . _2kmol ‘ = 0. 9315 New 8- Gd kmol THOR ETeAL Ny Nee Sed bm 2g 1 Nev @-¢4 kml The apparent molecular Wergnt of the product gas is Man oes Cie adt2 Xp tecdxee)ig 27.54 = efieaal ¥g | kmol The mass of the water in the Preduots per unit mass of fuel burned is mo _ (2x10) Kg = 1125 tg HO / kg cH of mcHyoh Cx sa) kg Scanned with CamScanner5. A coal from Utah which has an ultimate ancl Coy mats) os Ch4 “fo C, 5-19 percent Hy, 25°31 Ye On, 1-09 Na, 1-412. S and 5.07% ash (aon. combustibles ) is burned with storchiometric amount of air, but the combustion is incomplete with Ss. ef the carbon in the fuel forming carken monoxide - Calculate the mass fraction omel the apparent molecular Weight of the products, anol the mass of air required per untt mass of tue) burned. Atcomptions: l 2. 3. Combustion is complete The combustion precuct contains Co.,CO H,0, 50, ancl No Combustion geses are ideal gases Properties The molar masses of C, te, O.,5 and air cre 12, 2, 52,52 and 29 kg/kmel, respechvely. CTABLE A-1) Analysis ‘The mass practions vy the constituent of the coal When the ash Is substituted are~ mpe «TE 2 Grdkg Ltd kg = oltdes Moral (loo-5-0)kg —-95.0kg MEM, = Me 58°79 8. 6.04095 miotal 5 kg mpOn = mor 25-3163. os acd total 95 kg Scanned with CamScannerme No = Ne = 19K © 6, of47 total 48-0 kg mss Ts 2 ALS eg. 01404 M Phot 95.0 kg We how consicler [00 kg of this mixture, then the mole numbers of cach component circ Ne = MC 2 G4 akg = 5-386 \cmeol Mo. 1269 [ jemol Nu = He | 4-095) ~ 3.048 kmol MH ateg[temol Nos = MO | 2e.64 = 08325 [cmol Moy 32 5 [ kmel N. Nye = MMR = 47g Gg edoqu kmel MNa 28 kg/kmol Ns = Ms 2 14849 = 9.04638 lemel Ms 32 kg | {mol The mole number ot Mixture and 4 rerctic the ix U he mole fractions Nin = 5-386 43-048 4 0.03254 0-0409L + 0- 04638 = 9-354 kmol Scanned with CamScannerSNe 5386 Kmel 2 0.575 Yeo Ne. S02 Am’ s 158 Nm 9.354 kml Yu. * Nie, S048. kenol 0. 3258 yt ee 2 Nm 9.354 kmol Yo. = Ne = New _ e-d4oab keel 9 onda 9.354 Krol _ Ns, 90te38 kel 9.0990 Ys Nm 9.384 kmol Then the combustion equation in this case may be writien O1s o-st5ec # 0-S25BHs t 0.08900, + 0.00438 Hat 0:004965 + Om (ont 5:TeNa) ——> x (0.95601 + 0.08¢0) + y HO +250, 4+ KNe Acwording to the species balances, Chelance / x = 05158 Ha balonce : Y= 09258 § bolances ZF 070049 0, balance * 0-084 £ ata = CIBKT OS XOOSAT aos ytz A, = 0-95 xX 0-515B $ OS KO-O5K KO-STSB 40'S X 079258 40-0049 ~ 0.0890 © O+ 6403 Ne bdlance : (2 © 00438 £ 3-76 OH = 0-0043B4 3.7 Xo.c4035 = ae4ia Scanned with CamScannerSubstituting, e-s1@5C+ 03258 lh to. 089002 +0. 06450N1 + 0-0049 45 4 0-243 Coat 3.76 Na) > 0:S470coat ©-0296 cod 03258 HAO + Ow4ousos taaia Na Me mass fractions oy the products ane. Mictal = 0-3410 x44 + O-0IBB xap 10.525B 4 Ie t b-00 492% 64 FPAIXIB = IB kg Mmpcon = BC. COMOX) KG g. saa total Fre kg mCO ,_(o-0tee X#e) «9. 0. 0084 ™Mtotal qB.okg mgco # (0-358 X16) K9_ 5 osas, ictal 986 kg mpSOr= msor __Coreodaex od) eG - 6, 092 total 98-6 kg mgs = Na. (2dit x te) kg Metal FBC Kee = 06649 the total mole number of the protuet is Nm = 0-54104 0.0288 40.3258 40-0099, 4 2.712 = 5-319 mo] The apparent molecular Weight | the precluct gas is M,su_ 2 fe¢kg = oon im ne Samy beat 2 ZT bgl kma the air fuel mass ratio is then Ars Mair . (ortios a Betikg 1-69 kg 8-27 kg air | «9 feel i mevel Costs x it fo $258 Xt 1 0.08q0 X24 0-00438x29 0-COS9Lx31) Scanned with CamScannerG- Propane fuel (CsH) is burned with So‘, excess air. Determine the mele fractions S fach of the products. Alse, calculate tne mass % water in the Froclucts per unit mass eg tre fuel and the air -guel ratio. Assumption: + 1 Combustion if complete % The combustion preclucte contain Coy, 1:0, 02 eincl Ne Only Propecttes. The melar masses of C, Hi, OQ and air are (kgTkmel, 289 keel, 32 g/temel, mel 29 {9 [Kmol Respectively Ctable 4-1) Analysis: The combustion equation in this care can be weiten ost Cute + td, [Ont 36 Ne] 2 SCO 4 41,0 Fo-30% O + Crax ste dow Ne whee ay is the stoichiometric Cocrgicient for air. MWe have sutematically accounted for the so*f. excess air Fy using facter L3q,, instead Of Oy, fer air, The stoichiometric. amount of oxygen CamOs) will be used fo oxidize the fuel, and the remaining @xcess Amount (0.3 Om, Oz) Will appear in the preducts as free oxygen. Tme coefficient Om is determined from the O2 balance O% baernce > 3 ay = 3i2t03ay, —» Ay 25 Scanned with CamScannerSubsrituring , Cag + oes [Oy teens | —p SCO, $AWsO #508 ¥ te 4a te The mote fractions of the products ane Ne = SEAR ES 244d # 92-94 Kernel Yoo, = Neo, Shmel_ 2 o.ealt Nev 32-94 lernol Ngo s Nico = tbe —— = ov aid Nn 9-94 |emol Yo, = No, _ 1:3 kmol = 00455 a es 32-94 kmel Vong ote 2 isd best 5 0. 1420 Nm 32:94 |emol cote PRooucts on ee 1s‘fe excess The mass of water in the preclicts per unit mase of fuel burned is mis Canis _ tease ane ee a CsH Mste (1x44) Kg 9M / bg Cotte The air-fuel ratio is determined by tering the ratio of the mass of the air to the mass of the fuel: Are mars (6.5 X 416 kencl)(29 kg] kmel) Tread C3 Kemet C12 kg] kmol )-+ (4 mel) C4 kg keno!) = 20.39 kg ate/ lhc Scanned with CamScanner7. Aeectain natural ges has the following volumetric analysis: G5 %o Cla, B%lon, [Ble Na, 3% Os, ond 6h co,. Tris gas is now burned completely with Stotchiometric Amount ot dry air. What is the air~ fuel ratio for this combustion process 7 Assumptions + | Combustion is complete 2. the combuttion product contain Coz, H20, and Na only Properties = The molar manes of C, fy, Nz, Ox and air are I2 leg] Kmol, kg] kmel » 28 Kg/ kml, 34 gl mel ond 293] kmal fespectively CTAeLe Am!) Analysis * Considering | Ikmel of fuel, the comtuskion equation car be writen cs: (0-05 cy + c.ogtl, + O-1B Na + 0-030, + 0:06Co,) + yn Cos +3GN2)——» XCOr + YO t 2Ne The unknown coeggrcients in the aleve equations are, determined from mass balances, Ci Ous + 0.062xX ——» X= 0.71 He O05 x4 40-08 x22 2y —> ys 1-38 O12 O03 FOO tay, = Xt Y [2 —> Amer Nat Ot S%ay, = Z —» 75106 Products 2: Scanned with CamScannerThus, (ousctia towels + oABMy 0.0303 + 0-0¢62% ) & 13 Cor 310 N2) 4 o-tlCo, +6 38HL OF 5.106 Ny The air tuel rato for this reaction is determined by toiling the ratio of the mass of the air te the mass of the fuel, Mair = (131 X4-7e Keene C24 kg] fmol) = 180% mivel = (0-65 X% 40-08 X2t Of X28 4 0.03 X32 + oe X44 \ keg = 19.2 kg ond AF, = Mar, th 5 Ie8 bg LS At le air} kg feel fuel (9-2 Ig Scanned with CamScannerB Metiyt alochel Cool) is bummed with 50% exces alr The comburtion ia incomplete with 10% of the carbon “Me fuel forming Carbon monovicle, Gdteulale the mole t Fraction of carbon menoyde nd Opparent molecular Werght of the predvects. CO, CO Hy, 0,, Ne -— Assumptions? ") Combustion Is complete 2.) the tombuttion proclvct contains COs, CO, 420, 02% Ne onty Properties: the mole masses of Cita, 0:2 Me cind ate are 1 kg] lame 2hglkmel, 32 k5l kmel, 26 19] lem and 24 kal kemel bee pecttvely Analysis = The balanced reaction Equation for storchiometric air js CHso# ts Loat actoNa J COt aHae 4 s-c4N2 Te reaction with So Js excess a'r and incomplete Combustion can be written as CHOW +15 +15 [Ort 3-ENT]—> 0.9c0, $0.10 CO +h + XO, 4S KES X5.To Ne The coctprcient for CO is determined froma macs leance OSHVSK EE = OFF 0-05 H1tX—y Xz OB Scanned with CamScannerCHOW 1 2-25 [opt 3.1¢Na]——> 0-90 Co, $-0.10€0 + 204 0-30, + Bde Ne Me total mole oF the Produot Is Ye 2 Neo . 0-8 kmel ~ 0.0053 60 Nm i 26 mol Tre apparent melecular weight Of the preduct gas is Mus Mm _ coo x44-too x19 baxie $08 x32 $846 x28) eg Nm 12-26 kmo| = 278 gga CANS) Scanned with CamScanner9. adetane Ceestie) is burned with 10% excess air wiih 15/6 of the carbon in the fuel forming carben monoyide Collculate the mole fractions of the products and the dew-pont tempecotere of the Water vapor in the products when the products oie | cit. pressuce. Assumptions + '* Combustion is complete 2. the combustion product contains COr, CO, 120,02 ard Nz Only Propesties: The molar messes 6 C.Hs,02,N2 ond air are 12 kg [kmol , 2 kg/mel, 32 4g /kmel, 28 kg [tmol, and 29 kg|kmol, respectively (taste A-1) Analysis The combustion reaction for stoichiometr'e air is Collie 4 12-5 [O24 3-16 Na] —7 BCOr FIs + (125 x3 Je No The combustion equation with [cs"/e excess air and incomplete combustion is Coie t 2x 0-5 [Og ¢ 3-7 Ne] —> (0-85%8 ) Cos 4 Co-I5xB8)CO +9H20 + xOp + (2.x12-5 x3-16) No The coeggicrent CO js cletermined from oq mass balance Or balance: 255 OBSXBTOSXONW KB +O-St 9 4x —>x213] Svstituting, Cotte + 25 [Ost S-7oNa1—> 6-8 COT 1200 4920+ 15-104 + 99Ng Scanned with CamScannerTe mde fraction of the products are Npred = GB tia tqt Wel #94 = 4-1 kenol Yeo = Noor _ GB kmol 0-054 Noprel (td.| [emol 18 Yeo = Neo. _ bakmel Nred 124-1 mol YO = NH: 2 _Akmel —— = 06172 Nerod 124-1 jemel ues Yo, = Ne 2B lkeel_ 2 0. jose N Pred {24-| kmol Yur Nees 94 kerl o-yers Nerd 124-Memel The dew-oint temperature of Gas-Vapor mixture is the Saturation temperature of the water Vapor in the preduct gases correspencing te its partial pressure. That is, Re (6 ere (a | )cevsasi) Nprod (si8 = 7-346 kPa Thos Type Tat @ Te ky = 37°9'C (rane A-2) Scanned with CamScanner