Maria Alejandra Avila Duque

Economía
Matemáticas III
Fecha: 8 de abril de 2021

PARCIAL SEGUNDO CORTE

Solución:
𝑥+𝑦+𝑧 = 1
 {𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = −2
2𝑥 + 3𝑧 = −1
1 1 1 𝑥 1
𝐴 = [1 −1 2] 𝑥 = [𝑦 ] 𝑏 = [−2]
2 0 3 𝑧 −1
𝒅𝒆𝒕(𝑨) = 𝟎, por lo tanto, no tiene inversa. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior usamos Gauss-Jordan para dar
solución al sistema de ecuaciones:

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1
⟨1 −1 2|−2⟩ 𝐹3 = (𝐹3 ) ⟨1 −1 2 | −2 ⟩ 𝐹2 = −1(𝐹1 ) + 𝐹2
2 1 0 3⁄ − 1⁄
2 0 3 −1 2 2

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1
⟨0 −2 1 | −3 ⟩ 𝐹3 = −1(𝐹1 ) + 𝐹3 ⟨0 −2 1 | −3 ⟩ 𝐹2 = − (𝐹2 )
1 0 3⁄ − 1⁄ 0 −1 1⁄ − 3⁄ 2
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 3 1 3
⟨0 1 − ⁄2| ⁄2 ⟩ 𝐹 = −1(𝐹 )
3 3 ⟨0 1 − ⁄2| ⁄2⟩ 𝐹 = −1(𝐹 ) + 𝐹
3 2 3
0 −1 1⁄ − 3⁄ 0 1 − 1⁄2 3⁄2
2 2

1 1 1 1 1 0 3⁄ − 1⁄
2 2
⟨0 1 1 3
− ⁄2| ⁄2⟩ 𝐹1 = −1(𝐹2 ) + 𝐹1 ⟨0 1 − ⁄2 ⁄2 ⟩
1 | 3
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 1 1 3
𝑥+ 𝑧=− →𝑥=− − 𝑧
2 2 2 2
 1 3 3 1
𝑦− 𝑧= →𝑦= + 𝑧
2 2 2 2
𝟏 𝟑 𝟑 𝟏
𝒙 = − − 𝒛; 𝒚= + 𝒛; 𝒛=𝒛
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐

Solución:
𝑥+𝑦+𝑧 =0
 {𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 4
𝑥 + 3𝑧 = 1
1 1 1 1 1 11 0 0
𝐴 = [1 −1 2] 𝐴−1 = ⟨1 −1 2|0 1 0⟩
1 0 3 1 0 30 0 1

1 1 11 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0
⟨1 −1 2|0 1 0⟩ 𝐹2 = −1(𝐹1 ) + 𝐹2 ⟨0 −2 1|−1 1 0⟩ 𝐹3 = −1(𝐹1 ) + 𝐹3
1 0 30 0 1 1 0 3 0 0 1

1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0
1 1 1 1
⟨0 −2 1|−1 1 0⟩ 𝐹2 = − (𝐹2 ) ⟨0 1 − ⁄2| ⁄2 − ⁄2 0⟩ 𝐹3 = −1(𝐹3 )
2
0 −1 2 −1 0 1 0 −1 2 −1 0 1

1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0
⟨0 1 − 1⁄2|1⁄2 − 1⁄2 0 ⟩ 𝐹3 = −1(𝐹2 ) + 𝐹3 ⟨0 1 − ⁄2| ⁄2 − ⁄2 0 ⟩ 𝐹 = − 2 (𝐹 )
1 1 1
3
3 1 1 3 3
0 1 −2 1 0 −1 0 0 − ⁄2 ⁄2 ⁄2 −1

1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1
⟨0 1 − 1⁄2| ⁄2 − ⁄2 0 ⟩ 𝐹2 = (𝐹3 ) + 𝐹2 ⟨0 1 0| ⁄3 − ⁄3 ⁄3⟩ 𝐹1 = −1(𝐹3 ) + 𝐹1
2
0 0 1 − 1⁄3 − 1⁄3 2⁄3 0 0 1 − 1⁄ − 1⁄ 2⁄
3 3 3
4⁄ 1⁄ 2
1 1 0 3 3 − ⁄3 1 1 0 1
1 1 −1
2 1
⟨0 1 0|| 1⁄3 − 2⁄3 1⁄3 ⟩ 𝐹1 = −1(𝐹2 ) + 𝐹1 ⟨0 1 0| ⁄3 − ⁄3 ⁄3⟩
0 0 1 1 0 0 1 − 1⁄ − 1⁄ 2⁄
− ⁄3 − 1⁄3 2⁄3 3 3 3

𝑥 1 1 −1
1 1 1 0 1⁄ 2 1
𝐴 = [1 −1 2] ; 𝑥 = [𝑦 ] ; 𝑏 = [4 ] ; 𝐴−1 = [ 3 − ⁄3 ⁄3]
1 0 3 𝑧 1 − 1⁄3 − 1⁄3 2⁄3
 𝑨𝒙 = 𝒃 ↔ (𝑨−𝟏 𝑨)𝒙 = 𝑨−𝟏 𝒃 ↔ 𝒙 = 𝑨−𝟏 𝒃
1 1 −1 1(0) + 1(4) + (−1)(1)
𝑥 0
1⁄ 2 1 1 2 1
[𝑦] = [ 3 − ⁄3 ⁄3] [4] → [ ⁄3 (0) + (− ⁄3)(4) + ⁄3 (1) ]
𝑧 − 1⁄3 − 1⁄3 2⁄3 1 (− 1⁄3)(0) + (− 1⁄3)(4) + 2⁄3 (1)

𝑥 3
7
[𝑦] = [− ⁄3] (𝒙 = 𝟑; 𝒚 = − 𝟕⁄𝟑 ; 𝒛 = − 𝟐⁄𝟑)
𝑧 − 2⁄3

𝟏 𝟏 −𝟏
−𝟏 𝟏⁄ − 𝟐⁄𝟑 𝟏⁄𝟑]
El sistema de ecuaciones tiene inversa con 𝑨 =[ 𝟑
− 𝟏⁄𝟑 − 𝟏⁄𝟑 𝟐⁄𝟑

Solución:
𝑥+𝑦+𝑧 =0
 {𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 4
𝑥 + 3𝑧 = 1
1 1 1 𝑥 0
[
𝐴= 1 −1 2 ; 𝑥 = 𝑦] ;
] [ 𝑏 = 4]
[
1 0 3 𝑧 1
𝒅𝒆𝒕(𝑨) = − 𝟑. El 𝒅𝒆𝒕(𝑨) ≠ 𝟎, por lo tanto puedo aplicar regla de Cramer:
0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0
𝐴1 = [4 −1 2] 𝐴 2 = [1 4 2] 𝐴 3 = [1 −1 4]
1 0 3 1 1 3 1 0 1
𝒅𝒆𝒕(𝑨𝟏 ) = − 𝟗; 𝒅𝒆𝒕(𝑨𝟐 ) = 𝟕; 𝒅𝒆𝒕(𝑨𝟑 ) = 𝟐
𝑑𝑒𝑡(𝐴1 ) −9 𝑑𝑒𝑡(𝐴2 ) 7 𝟕 𝑑𝑒𝑡(𝐴3 ) 2 𝟐
𝑥= → → 𝒙 = 𝟑; 𝑦= → ̅=− ;
→ 𝒚 = −𝟐. 𝟑𝟑 𝑧= → ̅=−
→ 𝒛 = −𝟎. 𝟔𝟔
𝑑𝑒𝑡(𝐴) −3 𝑑𝑒𝑡(𝐴) −3 𝟑 𝑑𝑒𝑡(𝐴) −3 𝟑
Solución:
1 1 1 1 1 1
𝐴 = [1 −1 2] 𝐵 = [1 −1 2]
2 0 3 1 0 3
1 1 1 1 1 1
𝐴 ∗ 𝐵 = [1 −1 2 ] [1 −1 2]
2 0 3 1 0 3
1(1) + 1(1) + 1(1) 1(1) + 1(−1) + 1(0) 1(1) + 1(2) + 1(3 )
→ [1(1) + (−1)(1) + 2(1) 1(1) + (−1)(−1) + 2(0) 1(1) + (−1)(2) + 2(3)]
2(1) + 0(1) + 3(1) 2(1) + 0(−1) + 3(3) 2(1) + 0(2) + 3(3 )

𝟑 𝟎 𝟓
𝑨 ∗ 𝑩 = [𝟎 𝟐 𝟔]
𝟐 𝟐 𝟏𝟏
1 1 1 1 1 1
𝐵 ∗ 𝐴 = [1 −1 2 ] [1 −1 2]
1 0 3 2 0 3
1(1) + 1(1) + 1(1) 1(1) + 1(−1) + 1(0) 1(1) + 1(2) + 1(3 )
→ [1(1) + (−1)(1) + 2(2) 1(1) + (−1)(−1) + 2(0) 1(1) + (−1)(2) + 2(3)]
1(1) + 0(1) + 3(2) 1(1) + 0(−1) + 3(0) 1(1) + 0(2) + 3(3 )

𝟒 𝟎 𝟔
𝑩 ∗ 𝑨 = [𝟒 𝟐 𝟓]
𝟕 𝟏 𝟏𝟎

Solución:
𝑥 = 𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑢𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑒𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑙𝑜 𝐴
𝑦 = 𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑢𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑒𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑙𝑜 𝐵
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 100
𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎
{𝑥 →{
+ 𝑦 = 80 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟏𝟔𝟎
2
 1 1 𝑥 100
𝐴=[ ] ; 𝑥 = [𝑦] ; 𝑏=[ ]
1 2 160
𝒅𝒆𝒕(𝑨) = 𝟏. El 𝒅𝒆𝒕(𝑨) ≠ 𝟎, por lo tanto puedo aplicar regla de Cramer:
100 1 1 160
𝐴1 = [ ] 𝐴2 = [ ]
160 2 1 100
𝒅𝒆𝒕(𝑨𝟏 ) = 𝟒𝟎; 𝒅𝒆𝒕(𝑨𝟐 ) = 𝟔𝟎

𝑑𝑒𝑡(𝐴1 ) 40 𝑑𝑒𝑡(𝐴2 ) 60
𝑥= → → 𝒙 = 𝟒𝟎; 𝑦= → → 𝒚 = 𝟔𝟎
𝑑𝑒𝑡 (𝐴) 1 𝑑𝑒𝑡(𝐴) 1
Esta fábrica de automóviles produce 40 automóviles del modelo A y 60 automóviles del modelo B.