The thermocouple is a type of electrical device that uses voltage to sense temperature.

It's
made to generate voltage thanks to the thermoelectric effect, which is temperature-dependent.
It is made up of two electrical conductors that come together to create an electric junction.
Meanwhile, resistance temperature detector or RTD is a temperature sensor that measures the
resistance of an electrical wire to determine the temperature. As a temperature sensor, this
electrical wire is used. (Watter, 2020).

Based on result that had been obtained in Table 1, the average temperature which is A
shown were 31.0˚C, 30.6˚C and 30.6˚C which absolutely constant in order to calibrate
thermocouple to reduce errors due to change in ambient temperature. At the beginning of
experiment, the first temperature that was recorded is 30℃ but due to the surrounding error, the
temperature was decreased. It gave the average value of 1536 mV and 1203 mV by referring to
the Reference Table Type K and Reference Table Type J in B1 while reading for B2 was 111.67
Ω which based on Reference Table RTD. The average value of C 1 was about 0.742 mV and
0.46 mV which indicated the measured signal while C 2 was 40.80 Ω. The actual signal of each
Type K and Type J which written as D 1 was 1536.258 mV for TE1 and 1202.54 mV for TE2 by
using the formula D1 = B1 + C1 however in D2 which indicated RTD, the value equal to C2 by
following the formula D2 = C2 which gave the value of 40.80 Ω .The value of E were same which
the value recorded were 31.0˚C. The value F was the temperature deviation which had been
calculated as F = E-A and this resulted to the value of 0.0˚C, 0.4˚C and 04˚C:

Besides, the ambient Temperature was 40℃ in Table 2. The temperature that had been
recorded in A were 40.1˚C, 40.3˚C and 40.0˚C and these values have increased a little bit from
previous experiment based on Table 1. In B1, it gave the value of 2058 mV for TE1 and 1161
mV for TE2 while reading of B 2 was 115.54 Ω. The value of C1 were 1.326 mV and 1.238 mV
while C2 was 302.7 Ω. The actual signal of each Type K and Type J which were written as D 1
had been obtained was 2056.674 mV and 1156.762 mV while D2 was 302.7 Ω. The value of E
were 40.0˚C for TE3 and 42.0˚C for both TE1 and TE2 while value F reading that had been
obtained were 0.9˚C, 0.7˚C and 0.0˚C.
 The values of A were 46.0˚C, 46.0˚C and 46.0˚C when the ambient temperature was
50˚C at Table 3. The average value of B2 was 117.86 Ω for TE3 while B1 was 1858 mV for TE1
and 2374 mV for TE2. The value of C1 was about 3.642 mV and 0.765 mV while C2 was 302.7
Ω. The results of actual signal of each Type K and Type J which written as D1 had been
obtained by the formula D1=B1 + C1 show was 1854.358 mV and 2373.235 mV while 302.7 Ω for
D2 which indicate RTD. The value of E for both TE1 and TE2 were same which 47.0˚C and
46.0˚C. The F value were 1.0˚C for TE1 and 0.0˚C for TE2. Due to the error, the value of E and
F in for TE3 cannot be obtained as human error occurred when calibrating the multimeter.

In Table 4, the values of A were 59.0˚C, 60.0˚C and 60.0˚C while B 1 gave the value of
2394 mV and 3115 mV followed by B2 that was 123.24 Ω. The value of C1 was about 0.956 mV
and 0.833 mV while C2 was 11.316 Ω. The actual signal’s result of each Type K and Type J
which written as D1 has been obtained by the formula D1 = B1 + C1 show was 2393.044 mV and
3114.167 mV while in D2 which indicate RTD, the value is equal to C 2 by following the formula
D2 = C2 shown 11.316 Ω. The value of E for TE1 and TE 2 which 59.0˚C and 60.0˚C. The result
of F value that was temperature deviation has calculated as F = E-A was 0.0˚C for both TE1
and TE2. Due to the error, the value of E and F in for TE3 cannot be obtained as human error
occurred when calibrating the multimeter. The ambient temperature for this table was 60˚C

Moreover, the highest deviation range for Type K was 1.0˚C while lowest deviation range
for Type K was 0.0˚C. Type K known as TE1 while Type J and RTD known as TE2 and TE3.
The value of 0.7˚C and 0.4˚C were highest deviation range for Type J and RTD while the lowest
deviation range was same for both Type J and RTD which is 0.0˚C as shown in Table 5.
Different In the Range for Type K and Type J were 1.0˚C and 0.7˚C while 0.4˚C for RTD.

When two separate metal wires are heated, the temperature difference generates emf in
the circuit, and the voltage generated is measured at the junction in thermocouple while there is
a metallic wire present, and as the amount of heat experienced by the metallic material
increases, variations in the hotness of the wire trigger a shift (rise) in resistance in RTD . As the
amount of heat applied to the wire is reduced, however, the resistance of the wire decreases.
(Watter, 2020).
 In general, thermocouples outperform RTDs in terms of cost, ruggedness, measurement
speed, and the temperature range that they can measure. Most thermocouples are 2.5 to 3
times less expensive than RTDs, and although RTD installation is less expensive than
thermocouple installation, the cost savings are insufficient to tip the balance. Furthermore,
because of the same nature, thermocouples are designed to be more stable and respond faster
to temperature changes. The variety of thermocouples, on the other hand, is their key selling
point. The mean temperature of most RTDs was 537.778ºC. Certain thermocouples, on the
other hand, can calculate temperatures up to 1482.222ºC. (Sure Controls.Inc, 2013).

The readings from RTDs are more reliable and repeatable than those from thermocouples.
Users reading the same temperatures show the same results in different trials, which is known
as repeatability. RTDs provide more repeatable readings, which means they are more reliable,
and their nature ensures that they continue to produce stable readings for longer than
thermocouples. Furthermore, RTDs receive more robust signals and it is easier to calibrate RTD
readings due to their design. (Sure Controls.Inc, 2013).