Danielle Rose F.

Clemente

Explain the concept of moral development.

- Moral development focuses solely on the change that
happens to us humans with our morals or how we act and
considering about the consequences of those actions. This is to not
forget that, it is from our infancy through adulthood. Normal people
don’t just stay childish, it is a natural way that we have to go through
development, not just with our morality but with other aspects as well.
The concept of moral development tackles about what shapes our
morality, what made us mature with our thinking and actions, what we
had to go through to reach a certain level that we are able to
comprehend the scenarios happening around us and correlate it with
how we should act. The said concept also guides us with our
behaviors and thoughts. To me, moral development is like a book that
continuously telling us what values we should possess as it contains
infinite good acts in its pages, will help us be educated as to how we
should act as a human until the day we die.
Enumerate the different levels of moral reasoning.
- There are three levels of moral reasoning from the theory
of Mr. Lawrence Kohlberg namely; Pre-conventional, Conventional,
and Post-conventional. In pre-conventional, this is where there is an
external control to a child’s morality usually parents influencing how
children behave. In conventional, there’s already a sense of intention
to follow rules and avoid mistakes or punishments that we were
educated about. Lastly, in the Post-conventional, this is where I can
say we’re molded to be more mature as we can already criticize laws,
checking its quality whether it is unjust for others as it is should be
just to everyone, and where we can critically choose rules or classify
laws into what we obey and what we should not. I will explain the
concepts more in the next task.

Differentiate pre-conventional level of moral reasoning with conventional

level of moral reasoning?
 - The pre conventional level of reasoning deals with a child’s
morality greatly affected by the elders or parents. This is where a
child follows as he or she wouldn’t want to be punished without much
of criticizing what he or she is asked to do. There are two stages here
namely; Obedience or Punishments and Instrumental orientation. The
former is about a child doing what is asked from her to avoid being
punished or being grounded. The latter s more on using an
instrument this time, that a child follow is he or she would be
rewarded after doing so. Here, a child values what he or she can get
from abiding by the rule, still without that much knowledge of what or
why it is being asked from his or her to do so. While in conventional
level of moral reasoning, this is where a child values his or her
relationship to others like families, friends, and even authorities. He or
she sees that it is a must to build a harmonious relationship to people
that he or she mingles with, and this is not to just abide by the rules
as they are told to do so but actually understand that it is essential to
their goal to secure positive relations and peace and order in the
society. In this stage also we have 2 stages namely Good Boy or
Good Girl Orientation and Law and Order orientation. The first one
deals more on the assurance or validation that a child gets from other
people. Just like when I was a kid, I value the validation I get from
others especially my family as I would even ask them if I was being a
good girl. And, if we would observe a family with children, when a
child is being scolded and called a bad girl or bad boy, they get either
angry or sad. Then if the elders saw them crying already, they would
first tell them what went wrong and later call the children good boy or
girl to stop them from crying. Law and order Orientation, it is where
the child puts emphasis on the rules he or she sees as applied to
other siblings or kids. Like, back in the old days, me as a child I really
followed when my parents would tell me to sleep after lunch as would
actually make sure it is applied to my other siblings and that’s when I
would follow. Also, I would even ask my friends if they experienced
the same and they did as well, part of as to why it was okay for me
and a must to follow.
Explain the importance of a conscience-based moral decision
- Conscience-based moral decision is very much
important to adults as this pushes us away from doing bad habits or
any doings. This is to not forget that, it is not because we simply don’t
want to be punished like children but we follow because it has its
good interest or intentions, that it is legal, and also could be
something we agreed upon with someone. This gives us more
chance to do the right thing. Even though, it is not done to not be
punished, this keeps adults from being imprisoned as adults’ bad
actions are mostly punishable by law, keeping us away from ruining
our life and others. What is my top reason why I am considering this
very important is that, it doesn’t only help you do the must-to-do
things but also do things that is right but not compulsory for us to do,
like accepting someone’s apology sometimes as we feel the
conscience that he or she would be very sad plus worse if we are that
person’s only friend, this is mostly applicable to not so big mistakes.
This type of decision helps us in so many more things in general.