Centro Escolar Catolico “Emiliani”

Name: Roberto Rene Vasquez Rodriguez

Subject: English

Teacher: Mauricio Castro Rodriguez

Activity: Depression

Grade: 9° Section: “E”

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 Introduction

The depression is a mental disorder that is characterized by deep

sadness and a loss of interest; in addition to a wide range of
emotional, cognitive, physical and physical symptoms behavioral.
These symptoms include crying, irritability, social withdrawal, loss
of interest and enjoyment activities in everyday life. Also, feelings
are at a low self-esteem and there is a loss of confidence.

There is a risk that adolescents may develop this disorder affects

the most relevant activities in your life, including school activity,
and most cases it is not detected in time. The depression is complex
because involves psychosocial, genetic, and biological factors. That
we will continue to study.

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 Objective

The objective of this research is to raise and expose depression

especially in young people, show what influences lead them to have
certain thoughts and act in a depressive way, pretending to find their
causes, define their symptoms, raise the consequences it has on a
personal and social level and define what are possible treatments or
factors that can positively influence to prevent this disease and get out
of this depressive circle.

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 Development

T
he Depression is a common disease worldwide, and is
estimated to affect more than 300 million people.
Depression is different from common mood variations and
brief emotional responses to everyday problems. It can become a
serious health problem, especially when it is long-lasting and
moderate to severe in intensity, and can cause great suffering and
disrupt work, school and family
activities. At worst it can lead
to suicide. Nearly 800,000
people commit suicide each
year, and suicide is the second
leading cause of death in the
age group of 15 to 29.

Although there are effective treatments for depression, more than

half of those affected worldwide (and more than 90% in many
countries) do not receive these treatments. Obstacles to effective
care include a lack of resources and trained health workers, as well
as stigmatization of mental disorders and inaccurate clinical
evaluation. Another barrier to effective care is mis evaluation. In
countries of all incomes, people with depression are often not
properly diagnosed, while others who do not actually have
depression are often misdiagnosed and treated with
antidepressants.

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Depression is complex as it involves psychosocial, genetic, biological.
Among psychosocial factors, there has been observed that the first
depressive episodes appear after some
stressful event, and the stress that
accompanies the first episode produces
long-term changes in brain physiology
can produce variations at the structural
level and in the functioning of different
brain areas.

Among the genetic factors involved depressive disorder, it has been

reported that about 200 genes are related to major depressive
disorder. Within the factors there is evidence of alterations to level of
neurotransmitters, cytosins and hormones, whose actions induce
modifications structural and functional in the nervous system central,
in the immune system and in the endocrine system, which increase the
risk of suffering from major depression. Despite years the biological
basis for the disorder major depressive and the precise mechanism of
anti-depressive efficacy remain unclear

What are the different types of depression?

Depending on the number and intensity of symptoms, depressive
episodes can be classified as mild, moderate, or severe.

A key distinction is that established between depression in people with

and without a history of manic episodes. Both types of depression can
be chronic and relapsing, especially when not treated.

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• Major (or severe) depression: when you have symptoms of
depression most of the day, almost every day, for at least two weeks
and these interfere with their hability to work, sleep, study, eat and
enjoy life. It is possible that a person have only one major episode of
depression in their life, but it's more common to have several episodes.

• Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia): when you have

symptoms of depression lasting at least two years. The person who has
been diagnosed with this type of depression may have episodes of
major depression along with periods of symptoms less serious.

The depression affects different people in different ways. For example:

The women have depression more often than men. There are factors
biological, life-cycle and hormonal that only women have and who may
be related to the highest rate of depression. Women who are
depressed they often have symptoms of sadness, suffer from lack of
self-esteem and have feelings of culpability.

The men with depression are more likely to feel very tired, irritable and
sometimes angry. They may lose interest in work or activities they
previously enjoyed, have difficulty sleeping or behaving irresponsiblely,
such as using drugs or alcohol.

The older children and teens with depression may have problems with
school or be moody or irritable. Teens with depression may have
symptoms other disorders, such as anxiety, eating disorders or drug
addiction.

The older people with depression may have less obvious symptoms or
may be less likely to accept feelings of sadness or grief.They are also

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more likely to have medical
conditions, such as heart
problems, that can cause or
contribute to depression.

What are the signs and symptoms of depression?

Sadness is only a small part of depression. It is possible that some
people with depression don't even feel sad. People may have different
symptoms. Some symptoms of depression include:

• Persistent feelings of sadness, anxiety or "empty"

• Feelings of pessimism or lack of hope
• Feelings of guilt, futility or
helplessness
• Difficulty sleeping, waking up
early in the morning or getting
too much sleep
• Changes in appetite or weight
• Thoughts of death or suicide,
or suicide attempts
• Restlessness or irritability

There are effective treatments for moderate and severe depression.

Healthcare professionals may offer psychological treatments, such as
behavioral activation, cognitive behavioral therapy and interpersonal
psychotherapy, or antidepressant medications, such as selective
serotonin reuptake inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants.

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Healthcare professionals should be aware of possible side effects of
antidepressants, the possibilities of carrying out one or the other type
of intervention and individual
preferences.

Among the different psychological

treatments to consider are face-to-
face, individual or group
psychological treatments, dispensed
by professionals or supervised lay
therapists.

Study at a school to detect anxiety and depression

In a study it was carried out with 80 participants, being 66.2% male and
33.8% female. Participants belong to a private elementary school of a
popular neighborhood of the city of Barranquilla. In relation to age, it is
observed that 11.3% of students are 7 years old; 26.3% have eight
years; 13.8% of students have 9 years; 30% of students are 10 years old;
the 11.3% are 11 years old; and 7.5% of students remaining are 12 years
old.

The program was used for statistical analysis SPSS statistician where it
was initially established building an array of data, analyzing descriptive
and a correlation analysis that calculates Spearman's correlation
coefficient with her significance levels.

As for anxiety levels, 37 per cent of the population is in the less

problematic levels and 67% at levels no longer problematic. However,
there is a1.3% which is moderate and extremely problematic,
respectively. In terms of depression levels, 91.3% are observed to be

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symptom-free, 7.5% with mild depression, and 1.3% with severe
depression.

Singing at sex depression levels (see Table 1), found that the highest
percentage in both children (57.5%) girls (at 33.7) are located no
symptomatology; however, mild depression (7.5%) was observed severe
depression (1.2%) as a child

Levels of Depression (Table 1)

Sex <85 - No 86 - 95 - Mild 96+ - Severe Total
Symptoms Depression Depression
Boys 46 6 1 53
Girls 27 0 0 27

Depression in academics
One of the symptoms of Depression in children is that their use in
the classroom decays. Depression is a syndrome that invades all
areas of the subject's functioning, being of particular interest in the
case of the child and adolescent, and their relationship to school
performance. A depressed child has selflessness, difficulties in
concentration and attention, which can influence academic
performance when its duration lasts over time, understood as the
level of achievement a student can achieve in the school
environment or in a particular subject.

In a study published by the Intercontinental journal Psychology and

Education in 2013, depression is associated with poor school
performance in more than half of the sample, indicating that
depression could be the cause of poor performance, as depressive
symptoms interfere with intellectual activity, leading to school

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failure. In other cases, poor school performance would produce low
self-esteem and pessimistic cognitions that can lead to depression.

It is important to give the

necessary importance to poor
school performance, as it can
be the front of a much more
important problem than a poor
grade. A bad grade can mean a
physical or emotional health
problem in the student.

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 Conclusiones and Recommendations

Depression is the result of complex interactions between social,

psychological and biological factors. Those who have gone through
adverse life circumstances (unemployment, mourning, psychological
trauma) are more likely to suffer from depression. In turn, depression
can lead to more stress and dysfunction, and worsen the vital situation
of the affected person and therefore depression itself.

To avoid depression, it may be helpful to follow a regular fitness

program. Exercise releases a chemical into the brain, Serotonin, which
stimulates mood. Mental health can be strengthened by cognitive
behavioral therapy (TCC) that teaches techniques for solving stress and
anxiety problems. Learning relaxation techniques, such as yoga and
meditation, can decrease anxiety. Recent studies have shown that
feeding can play a major role in depression. Don't drink food and drink
because they increase your sugar level suddenly, but it doesn't last
long. In a short time the sugar level will plummet leaving you anxious,
irritable and depressed.

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