MEXICAN PAPER=. Cory Frampton Sg Duane Douglas” MRE ey “Alberto-Hidalgo = =s = Elmer Powells aFORWARD In 2006 | purchased the copyright to The Complete Encyclopedia of Mexican Paper Money (CEMPM] from Krause Publications. The book, edited by Duane Douglas, Alberto Hidalgo and Claudio Verrey, was published in 1982. It was a major effort to catalog all known issues of Mexican Paper money and an incredibly complex project at a time when computers and digital images were unknown. No serious effort has been made to improve that book in the 28 years since it was published. When | purchased the rights to the CEMPM book, original copies were selling for $150 to $200. initially lintended to reprint the book to make it available to collectors at amore reasonable price. After seeing the poor condition of the original manuscript, | realized that option was not possible. Since a new book meant starting from scratch and committing thousands of hours to the project, | was hesitant to proceed without lining up a lot of serious assistance. | was very pleased to recruit Duane Douglas, Alberto Hidalgo and Elmer Powell as co-editors. Duane Douglas was one of the editors of the CEMPM book, operates a store in Mexico City (EI Mundo de La Moneda} and runs two auctions each year. For more information visit his website at elmundodelamoneda.com. Alberto Hidalgo was also one of the editors of the CEMPM book and is a very active dealer based in Mexico City. Alberto runs two auctions per year and you can get more information on his website, notafelius.com. Elmer Powell lives in Texas and has assembled the most advanced collection of revolutionary currency existing today. Elmer can be contacted at elmerpwil@yahoo.com. In addition, Ireceived invaluable aid from a wide variety of individuals and companies who are listed in the credits on the following page. After committing myself to the project, | began a search for digital color images of notes that lasted nearly two years. A tremendous number of new notes and varieties of existing notes have been discovered since the CEMPM book and they are included in this book. After surveying collectors and dealers about the way they use the CEMPM book, it was apparent that the majority of users tend to first search graphically for an image. then for the listing alphabetically, and finally by consulting the index. Further, most collectors are interested in a particular area of collecting such as banks or revolutionary issues. Accordingly, | decided to organize this book differently than the earlier book. This book is organized chronologically in six sections consisting of Imperial and Early Republic, Banks, Pre Revolution, Revolution, Post Revolution and Banco De Mexico. My survey also indicated that alphabetic order was very important to users. As a result, | organized the states and locations in alpha order, and the banks within states in alpha order. However, Ieft the revolutionary issuers in nearly the same order as the CEMPM book as it was very difficult to establish a sensible alpha order. There are two numbering systems used in this book. | developed a new numbering system that is, computer friendly, uses whole numbers and follows the book sequentially. The new system is refered to as the “M" system as each number is preceded by an M for Mexico. There is only one “M" number for each distinct note and only whole numbers are used. Since the “M" numbers are sequential, they are easy to use in an inventory system and make the book easier to search. The CEMPM numbering system is also included but presents an organizational challenge as it was developed in the pre-computer era and the numbering does not correspond with the way the notes appear in the CEMPM book. It has been expanded to encompass all of the newly discovered issues and varieties. While the "M” system is more logical and user friendly, many established collectors may stay with the old system as their collections are set up that way. My advice is to use whichever you prefer. Cross reference indexes to both the CEMPM numbers and Krause numbers appear at the back of this book. Enjoy, Cory Frampton Mexican Coin CompanyADDITIONAL CREDITS In addition to my co-authors, | owe a special thanks to the following contributors who helped make this book a reality. Some scanned a few notes and others made their entire collections available, Others helped by locating images, photo editing and providing historical research. Still others assisted in bringing pricing up to date. Without their cooperation it would have been impossible to publish this book in such a complete form. | want to take this opportunity to thank each and every one of them. Rafael Apolo Marvin Ashmore Don Bailey Banco de Mexico Jaime Benavides Carlos Briggs Robert Briggs Colin Bruce Coindreau Family DeGolyer Library Peter Dunham Angel Fregoso Jerry Fuller Nicholas Folansbee Gabriel Gomez Saborio Luis Gomez Wulschner Eric Hess Max Keech Krause Publications Richard Long Mary Mekivergan Huston Pearson Jr Kent Ponterio Rick Ponterio Kyle Ponterio Simon Prendergast ill Rapanotti Robert Schwartz Angel Smith Ricardo de Leon Tallavas Claudio Verrey Dave Watson Crutchfield Williams Steve WillingIMAGES WANTED | intend to publish future editions of this book and | will work hard fo make each edition more complete and useful than the last. The Complete Encyclopedia of Mexican Paper Money contained araund 2,100 front images of notes. This book contains over 2,600 front images. Of those only a hundred or so are black and white images. Following are images | would like to obtain for future editions: + Notes in the book with no image shown: + Color images to replace black and white images + Images of high grade issued notes to replace specimen images. + Images of notes that are higher grade than those in the book. + Images of new notes not listed in the book, Ifyou have any of these notes, please contact me. Ideally, images are digital scans at 300d) in tif or jpeg formats. If you don't use a computer, color photos will do. | will continue to expand the book by adding new notes. However, I do not Intend to increase the listing of varieties based on color or minor design changes etc. There are literally thousands of these already known and, if| included them, the size of the book would be overwhelming. Series such as the Dos Caritas notes of Chihuahua, the Gobierno Provisional notes of Mexico City and Vera Cruz, and the Estado de Oaxaca notes deserve specialized studies of their own. During the process of updating the book | decided not to list a number of items that can best be described as personal checks or transaction receipts. | will Continue to insert new listings of anything that generally circulated as money or as a means of barter, ike hacienda tokens or scrip for company stores. while | have strived for accuracy, | recognize improvements can always be made. | would appreciate your input for future editions. Feel free to contact me to discuss missing images or notes in your collection. My personal contact information is shown below or you can leave me a message ‘on the company website. Copies of this book can be purchased on the website, which contains additional information on Mexican paper money and coins. My contact information is as follows: Cory Frampton Mexican Coin Company PO Box 5270 Carefree Arizona 85377 Telephone 602 228-9331 Fax 480 563-0713 cory@mexicancoincompany.com MEXICANCOINCOMPANY.COM.USING THIS BOOK ORGANIZATION OF CONTENTS This 00k is organized chranologically in six sections Consisting of imperial and Early Republic, Banks, Pre Revolution, Revolution, Post Revolution and Banco De Mexico. Thereafter, states, locations ond banks are in alpha order. For instance. ail the Banks are grouped together and then organized by State ‘ond then by issuing Bank. ll of the revolutionary notes are ‘grouped together in one section, organized fist by State, then by the nature of the issuer, then by location. The sections are: Imperial & Early Republic: 1800-1867 Banks 1865-1914 Pre Revolution 1867-1909 Revolution 1910-1916 Post Revolution 1917-1943, Banco De Mexico 1925 to dale (GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF SECTIONS Following iso brief description of the various types of notes contained in each section: Imperial and Early Republic 1800 1867 The section includes notes issued trom colonial times through the lturbide ond Maximilian empires and includes the Issues of the early repubic. Currently, the fist known notes are dated 1813. It would not be surprising fo ind eater notes ct some time in the future Bonks 1865-1914 arly bank notes, or “Bancos" as they ore commonly called, ore identifiable simply by their heading “El Banco de" (The Bank ol]. Most of these notes are lorge size, colorful issues. They also bear aitractive vignettes, portraits and scenes, and the vast majority of them were printed by The American Bank Note Co., the Homer Lee Bank Note Co. ‘and Bradbury, Wikinson & Co. See the section on Mexican Banking History for on interesting overview of these issues. This is probably the most popuiar type of note collected and the mest attractive, They have oxight colors, beautiful vignettes, ‘and high qualily engraving. Because of the existence of @ number of unique or extremely rare notes. a complete collection has never been assembled. Pre Revolutionary Issues ‘1867 - 1909 This section includes all notes, other than bank nates, issued after Maximilian and before the revolution began. The vost majority of these notes bear a date ond, thus, ore easly identified. There are a few undated notes which have been placed in this category because the name of the business enterofise, or the fomiy name, has been traced to this period. Relatively few types were issued and they are generally very scarce. Revolutionary Issues 1910-1916 This section contains three types of issuers which are listed separately within each State. They are Miltary isves, State and Municipal sues and Private Issues, Miltary sues (Ml) Key words which help determine miifory issues are “militar” (miftary), “ejercito” (amy), "brigada" (brigade) ond “decreto militar” (miltery decree}. The vas! mojotly of notes in this group beara date. Noles issued by miftary organizations are a very interesting cotegory and bring with them a tremendous historical background af the Mexican Revolution, State and Municipallssues [Si] Key words which, help identify state and municipal isues are “estado” (state}, ‘ayuntamiento” [cily hal), “ciudad” (city), “municipio” (municipality), etc., provided they ore nol usedin combination with any of the miliary key words. The State and Municipal crea includes o huge variely of notes and issuers Private Issues (Pi) Private issues _ of this petiod normally have the nome of a private individual. frm, ‘association, or hacienda. Frequent they ate small in size ‘and the category includes many of the small pasteboard issues called “corlones”. There are probably more private issues thon both of the other categories combined, Post Revolutionary Issues 1917 - 1943, This category includes all issues dated or issued cotter the revolution with the exception of the notes issued by the Banco De Mexico, No sues periaining to the revolution are dated aller 1917. Generally, these notes are easly identifiable because they are dated. The latest notes cataloged in this period are the 1943 50 centavos ‘and 1 peso notes authorized to help solve the shortage of fractional coinage that year. These notes, Ike the prerevolutionary notes, constitute a small group af notes that are difficult to assemble. Banco De Mexico ‘1925 to date The Bank of Mexico was founded in 1925 and continues fo issue bank notes of the federal government to this date, Only the early issues of the Bank are included in this book. The entire series, which includes thousands of listings, is covered In “The Paper Money of the Bank of Mexico” by Duane Douglas. See CONTACT INFORMATION to purchase this book. NUMBERING SYSTEMS Two numbering systems are used throughout the book. A new numbering system is Used for the frst time, The new numbering system appears in italics on the fist fine of each listing ond along the left margin if varieties exist There is only one number for each distinct note with ailetter added for varieties. Only whole numbers are used and the numbering system follows the book layout. There ore intentional gaps in the numbers which will alow the future inclusion of new nates. All numbers are preceded by the letter M for Mexico. The CEMPM numbering system also appears on each listing and has been modified to include the hundreds lf new issues and varieties discovered since the CEMPM 00k was published in 1982. New notes and varieties were Inserted on a decimal bass. A caoss reference guide between the Krouse numbering system, the CEMPM system and the new numbering systems included at the back of this book. IMAGES. In the interest of minimizing the size of the book, backs of most notes have not been shown. Exceptions were made for notes with especially attractive backs or where the backs ore critical to identification. None of the images are to scale. GRADING The grading standards of the international Bank Note Society [IBNS) have been used in this book, These groding standards are consistent with current industry practices and are usedin the mojotity of foreign banknote catalogs. UNCIRCULATED -UNC A perfectly preserved note, never mishandled by the issuing authority, a bonk teller, the public or a collector. Papers clean and fim, without discoloration. Comers are sharp and square, without any evidence of rounding. (Rounded comers are often telltale sign of a cleaned or “doctored” note.) An uncirculated note will have iis original natural sheen. ‘ABOUT UNCIRCULATED ~ AU A virtually perfect note, with some minor handling. May show evidence of bank counting folds at a comer or one light fold through the center, but not both. An AU note cannot be creased, ‘@.crease being a hard fold which has usually “broken” thesurface of a note. Paper is clean and bright with original sheen. Comers are not rounded. EXTREMELY FINE -XF A very attractive note, with light handing. The note may have a meximum of three light folds or one strong crease. Paper is clean ond bright with original sheen. Comers may show only the sightest evidence of rounding. There may also be the sightest sign of wear where a fold meets the edge. VERY FINE VF An attractive note, but with more evidence of handing ond wear. The note may have a umber of folds both vertically and horizontally. The paper may have minimal dit, or possible color smudging. Paper itsert is stil relatively crisp and not floppy. There are no tears into the border area, although the edges do show sight ‘wear. Comers also show wear but not full rounding FINE-F Anote which shows considerable circulation with many folds, creases andwrinking. Paperisnot excessively dirty, out may have some softness. Edges may show much handling with minor tears in the border area. Tears may not extend into the design. There will be no center hole because of folding, Colors ore clear but nat bright. A staple hole or two would not be considered unusual wear in a Fine note, (Oyerall appearance is stil on the desirable side, VERY GOOD - VGA well used note, abused but sfil intact. Comers may have much wear and rounding, tiny nicks, teors may extend into the design, some discoloration may be present, siaining may have occured, and a small hole may be seen al center from excessive folding. Staple and pinholes ore usvally present, {and the note ilseff is quite imp but no pieces of the note can be missing. A note in VG condition may sil have an overall not unattractive appearance. GOOD - G A well wom and heavily used note. Nomal damage from prolonged circulation will include strong multiple folds and creases, sicins, pinholes, and/or staple holes, ditt, discoloration, edge tears, center hole, rounded comers and an overall unatiractive appearance. No large pieces of the nole may be missing. Graffiti is ‘commonly seen on notes in Good condition FAIR-FR A totally mp, dity and very well used note. Larger pieces may be hall to off or missing, beside the defects menfioned under the Good category. Tears will be larger, obscured portions of the note will be bigger. POOR -PR A “rag” with severe damage because of wear, staining, pleces missing, graf larger holes. May have tape holding pieces of the note together. Timming may have taken place to remove rough edges. A Poor note is desirable only as @ “iller" or when such note the ‘only one known of that particular issue. Cleaning. washing or pressing paper money is generally harmful and reduces both the grade and the value of anote. At the very least, a washed or pressed note may lose Its original sheen and iis surface may become Feless and dul. The defects ¢ note had, such as folds and creases, may not necessarily be completely eliminated and their telliale marks can be detected under a good light. Carelessly washed notes may have white streaks where the folds or creases were (or sil ore] Glue, lope, or pencil marks may sometimes be successfully removed. While such removal will have a cleaned surface, it will improve the overall appearance of the note without concecling any of its defects. Under such circumstances, the grade of the note may also be improved. RARITY SCALE A specific rarity scale hos been developed and Used in this book. The ratty scale is on estimate of the number of notes that exist in private collections. It does not include notes known to exist in government collections or museums os these notes are not ikely to become voilable in the privale market place. Keep in mind that these estimates ore approximate ond subject to change 5 additional notes are discovered, Exiremely Rote xR 1-5 Very Rare ve 610 Rore R 11-20 Very Scarce vs 21-40 Scorce s 41-80 ‘Common S 81-160 Very Common ve 161-500 Exiremely Common xc soit Inthe bank section two rary scales are included at the beginning of each individual bank listing that provide ‘an estimate of the rarity for the notes af each bank. One scale is for sued notes and includes remainders. The other scale is for specimens and proofs. The specimen and proof scale was developed from the records of the American Bank Note Company archives. PRICING AND AVAILABILITY ‘The prices in this book should be used as a general guide, not as a bible. Pricing on rarer notes can change rapidly and hundreds of issues are not available on a regulor basis. We have not priced notes that are unique ‘or that have not appecrec on the market in many years os ‘an opinion of value would be very specuiative. In adcition, there are clot of notes which exist only in certain grades. For instance, if a note is extremely rare above VF. we have not priced it. Instead of guessing at the valve, we are letting you know about the condition rarity of the note ond you can price it accordingly. The vast majority of Mexican paper money is not ovcilable in high grade. There are exceptions to thisin both banks and Revolutionary Issues but it would be foir to say that less than twenty percent of all notes can be readily obtained in unciculated condition. Many notes are not known in grades above good. ‘All specimen and proof pricing assumes that the note is unciculated and without damoge. Adjust the value accordingly for notes that are damaged or unsightly for other reasons. The proot pricing assumes that a pair of front and back proofs are being offered together. From our perspective single fronts are worth about 60% of the indicated value and backs about 20% of the indicated value. Yes we know that does not add up. The whole is ‘worth more than the sum of the parts. All prices in this book care in US dollars. ‘VARIETIES The measurements of meny notes have been included. Keep in mind that in meny cases measurements of the some note vary from one example to another. Normal fluctuation in size is between one and three milimeters. However, ditferences of five or six milimeters are known. This is especially tue of Revolutionary Issues, which were frequently prepared without adequate equipment, ‘and with litle time for, or interest in, uniformity. variety of papers and inks were used with vary litle consistency based on what was available to the printer at a given time, resulting in a wide array of color variations. Certain issues, such as the dos Caritas series from Chihuahua, are collected by series, control letters and numbers which total in excess of 1,000 notes. There are Tterally thousands of varieties in. minor design changes, paper type, color and fonts which we have not listed in this ecition and will nat Ist n future editions {5 they would overwhelm the book,SPECIMENS, PROOFS AND REMAINDERS In the early 1990s the American Bank Note Company, which printed the vast majority of eatly Mexican bank notes, sold its archives. Included were a lorge number of previously uncataloged specimens and proofs. Since that ime these specimens and proofs have been dispersed into the marketplace and no additional large hoards of these issues are known. A rarity scale for these notes was developed based on detailed information from the sale. Specimens and proofs also exis! for most of the other printers but their remaining population is very difficult to estimate. Specimens are bank notes printed in conjunction with the issued notes that generally have a series of zeros for the serial number and cre overprinted with the word specimen or muestra, Specimens are printed on the same oper as the issued notes and quantities are generally relative to the numbers of sued notes. For instance, a note Considered common as an issued note is probably common 5 a specimen, The most common specimens have a population of a couple of hundred. On the other hand, a very rare issued note might have a corresponding specimen population of two or three pieces. In general, most high denomination bils have specimen populations under ten pieces and in many coses less than five pieces. There are more than 50 Mexican bank notes that exist today only in specimen or proof os no remaining issued notes are known. Proofs ore generally printed on india paper and are unitace. They can be in color or in black and white. They are seen mounted on different types of card stock or not mounted at all. The original American Bank Note Company archives contained examples of a wide variety of different printing and mounting methods. Fronts and backs do not always show up together and were not necessarily produced in equal numbers. The price shown in the catalog for proofs ‘assumes both front and back are together. Separate fronts ‘are generally worth about sity percent of the price shown and backs by themselves are worth around twenty percent of the price shown. Remainders are printed bank notes with serial numbers that were never signed and issued. As banks were closed some destroyed al of the remaining unissued notes they nad on hand and others simply abandoned them as they were not thought to have value. Remainders exist only on certain banks and are generally farmore common than specimens. BANCOS REFACCIONARIOS AND BONOS DE CAJA Bancos Refaccionarios (investment bonks) were created under the 1897 Credit Institution laws. They were ‘authorized to make single term joans and while they were ‘authorized to issue Bonos de Caja (cashiers bonds) for up to five times their assets, they were not allowed to issue circulating currency. Payable fo the bearer, Bonos were treated as cash although they did not circulate pubiicy ike normal banknotes. There are only about twenly different Bonos de Caja and they are for the most part rare ond qvailable only in specimen or proof as very few issued notes remain, All are Ksted in this catalog, Because they could nol sue circulating bank notes or engage in traditional banking, these banks were unable to compete with banks of issue and were shot lived. THE SRE HOARD In Jenuery 1997 the United States Government relured to the Mexican Government c huge wooden chest of Mexican Currency which United States troops removed from Mexico in 1914 during the American intervention in Mexico's revolutionary war. This very interesting hoard of notes is now in the possession of the Mexican Secretory of Exterior Relations (SRE). Duane Douglas wrote o detailed book on the hoard. For a copy of the book see CONTACT INFORMATION, Duane theorizes that Venustiane Conranza took the chest out of Mexico City when he moved his government fo Vera Cruzin 1914, At that point, either Carranza made deal with the American troops fo take the chest to the US (on his behalf or they became aware of the chest and took it'@s war plunder to Washington. Ether way it makes for a very interesting story. The noord consists of more than sity thousand bank notes of which the bulk are low grade common notes. However, ¢ number of rare high denomination notes ore so included. There are currently no plans fo sell any of the hoard and it may be subject fo patrimony laws thal would preclude ilssale. If his hoard were eventually released into the market, we deleve it could be easly absorbed and might actually increase the collector base. INDEX {At the end of the book is an index of the cities, towns, haciendas and entities which issued poper money in Mexico. This index will be helpful when the note does not indicate the State of issue. The Index wil refer you to the first ssue number following the location reference you are searching for STATE ABBREVIATIONS With the exception of Quintana Roo, all of the States of Mexico have issued paper money. Following is a Ist of the Mexican States followed by the abbreviation used for each state: Aguascalientes AGU Boja California BAJ Campeche CAM Chicpas CHP Chihuahua cHI Coahuila: COA Colima coL Distrito Federal DF Durango Dur Gucnajucto GUA Guerrero GUE Hidalgo HID Jasco JAL Mexico, Estado de MEX Michoacan mic Morelos MOR Nayarit NAY Nuevo Leon NUE Oaxaca Ax Pueblo: PUE Queretaro QUE San Luis Potosi SAN Sinaloa SIN ‘Sonora SON Tabasco TAS Tamaulipas TAM Tlaxcala TA Veracruz VER Yucatan yuc Tacatecas zacOOIXSW 3d 05109 OOIXaW do dino SoOUIENY0 American Bank Note Co., New York ‘American Book & Printing Co. Bouligny & Schmidt, Suer., Mexico Bradbury, Wilkinson & Co., London Bish American ank Note Co, Ottawa De La Rue and Company, London Draper, Longacre and Co, New York Eduardo |. Aguilar, Mexico Gugler Lithography Co, Milwaukee Homer Lee Bank Note Co. HS. Crocker, San Francisco Kendall Bonk Note Co., New York National 8ank Note Co. Petkins, Bacon and Company, London S.C. Toof & Co. Lith,, Memphis, Tenn. Waterlow & Sons Lid., London COMMON TRANSLATIONS ‘Adiministracion de Rentas Amortizado ‘Ayuntamiento Provisional Bono AI Portador Cojero Cia Agricola Y Fuera Electica Consejero Cartel General Del Ejercito Direccion General de Rentas de Estado Erario Federal Kercito Constitutionaista de Mexico Gerente Interventor del Gobierno Jefetura de Hacienda Meneda de Plata Moneda Coriente Muestra: Pagar al Portador Pagaduria de Ia Division del Suroeste Pagaduria General del gjercito Prueba Sucursal Sucursal en Torreon Tesoretia General del Estado: Following are the abbreviations for the various companies who have printed Mexican currency. ABNC ABeC 8s Bwc ABC our bic EIA cic HLBNC HSC KBNC NBC PBC sci ws Administration of Revenue Amortized or Cancelled Provisional City Goverment Bearer Bond Cashier Agriculture and Electric Energy Company Member of the Board of Directors General Headquarters of the Army State Treasury Federal Treasury Constitutionalist Army of Mexico Manager Government Inspector Treasury Office Silver Coinage Coinage of Current Issue Proot Pay to the Bearer Paymaster of the Division of the Southwest Poymaster of the Army Proof Branch office Branch office in Torreon General Treasury of the StatePrinter - Indicates series A Catalog American is very rare in Numbers BankNoteCo. Without grades above fine M53 20 Le 6 F FUNC 1902-1907 ABNG, 184 x 82mm - Regular isdues wihandwritten signatures a) BK-AGU-12' 1.10.02 150. 40. - - b) BKAGU-13 —B19.11.05;1.5.07 WIO OP 125. 300. 800. — 6) BKAGU-31 C1.8.96; F10.5.07; 30.6.07 300. 600. 1,000. 1,500. d) BKAGU-13 —B19.11.05;1.5.07 125. 300. ‘800. ” ~ e) BK-AGU-82 —D3.5,00/99 20.4000 = = f) BK-AGU-14 — O/P:Guadalajara (red) 160, 950. — — 1) BK-AGU-7 Remainder N/P:Amortizado 5 10. 15. 25. 8) BK-AGU-17_—Shecimen 450. Pp) BK-AGU-17.5 Ploof ND. 275. CEMPM / Numbers Overprint Not Dated Needle Punched Series F Series A1 10 May 1907 October 1902 30 June 1907 M53 20 PE F XF UNC 1902-1907 ABNC, 182% 82mm - Regular issues wihgpevfitten signatures a) BK-AGU-12 1.10.02 150. 400. b) BKAGU-43 — B19.11.06;1.5.07 Wi 125. 300. 800. ) BKAGU-31 1.8.96; F10.5.07; 30.6.07 300. 600. 1,000. 1,500. @) BKAGU-AS B19.11.06;1.5.07 425. 300. ‘300 e) BKAGU-82 03.60/09 20. 40. = 4) BKAGU-4 O/P:Gugdalajara (red) * 180, 350. = = 1) BKAGU-T — Remaindey N/P:Amortzado 5 10 15,25. 8) BK-AGU-A7 Specimen 450, Pp) BK-AGU-175 Proof ND 275. Series D Overdate 3 May 1900/18992 CONTACT INFORMATION TENS The IBNS publishes a high quality magazine on world paper money several times o year. For information vit their website ot www theibns.ora, BOOKS BY DUANE DOUGLAS Duane’s books can be purchased directly from Duane at inflow elmundodelamoneda.com or ftom Mexican Coin Company on our website at mexicancoincampany.com, Duane’s book The Paper Money of the Bank of Mexico is available for $25, Unknown Paper Money Issues deaiing with the SRE horde is available for $50. USMEXNA the US Mexican Numismatic Association represents collectors of Mexican coins and ‘currency. Dues are $20 per year and the association prints ¢ bulletin four times per year. Contact Don Bailey at donbailey 28@yaho0.com to join. ‘SOCIEDAD NUMISMATICA DE MEXICO. The Mexican Numismatic Society publishes a bilingual quarterly butetin four times a year covering Mexican coins and curency. Dues ore $50 per year which includes mailing costs to the US. Their email address is sonumex@snm org.mx MEXICAN BANKING HISTORY Banco Nacional de Texas ‘Governor Jose Felix Trespalacios, political chiel of the Province of Texas, was a veteran revolutionary leader of the Mexican movement for independence. Forfen yeors he served the cause throughout Mexico ond was forced fo flee fo Havana and thereafter to New Orleans. ‘Agustin turbide proclaimed independence from Spain in 1820 under his Pian De Iguala and entered Mexico City in victory. Shorly thereatler Trespalacios returned to Mexico, 100k his oath of allegiance to Emperor iturbide, and was ‘oppointed colonel of the army and poifical chief of the Province of Texas, where he took the fist steps for the establishment of a bank in San Antonio, Texas. ‘The occasion for this innovation was theirregularity with which hard money was sent from the Ireasury in San Luis Potosi for the payment of troops and other public officials in San Antonio. Troops were traditionally paid in specie (gold or siver coinage) sent under guord from the nearest treasury. While Spanish authorities had never fclled to eventually send money, relatively long and imegular periods elapsed between paydays and the local merchants had fo extend credit in the interim. Trespalacios concluded that the establishment of ‘national bank, whose notes were guaranteed by specie, would solve the problem. Through the bank he would be ‘able to pay the troops with reguiatiy. the merchants would in turn be paid with notes secured by specie, and when the specie shipments artived, they would constitute the bank reserves with which the notes could be redeemed. Trespalacios presented his plan to the City ‘Council and it was unanimously approved. The Council recommended that the notes be declared legal tender forall transactions and be made acceptable for payment cf taxes and the purchase of public lands. It was then voted that throe members of the City Council be made officers of the bank and that they be required fo countersign ail notes. The paper money was to be guaranteed by the specie expected from the goverment, and the issued notes were not to exceed that amount, Alter the attainment of independence in 1821, Texas, Nuevo Leon, and Tamaulipas were placed under o new commandant-general with headquartersin Sotilo. twos {0 this dstict superior, Colonel Gaspar Lopez, that Tespalacios presented his pion for a bank, Lopez sent the plans on to ‘Mexico City for formal approval by the iturbide government. Without waiting for formal authorization, ‘respalacios issued a decree on October 21, 1822 stating “I hereby order and command that a National Bank be established tempororily in this Province, subject {0 its ullimate approval by the Government.” Trespalacios ordered paper money to be issued in the amount of fifteen thousand pesos, which would be sufficient to pay the troops and pay for supplies for a three month period. The currency would be signed by Alcalde Jose Salinas, Councilmen Vicente Travieso ‘and Miguel Arciniega, and Trespalacios himselt. Four soldiers were ordered to make by hand the notes in the various denominations to be placed in circulation on November 1, 1822. The new institution was offcially designated Banco Nacional de Texas. Records indicate that the soldiers initially prepared 10 ‘one hundred pesos notes. 10 fifty peso notes, 50 twenty peso notes, 100 ive pesonotes, 600 one peso notes, 600 fourreal Toles, 200 two real notes and 100 one real notes for a total of approximately $4,000 pesos. Trespalacios sent the fst group of new bank notes to the commander of the gamison at La Bahia {Golicd) ‘and instructed him to read the decree in the town square. Coptain Francisco Garcia repied on November? 1822, that he had complied with the governor's insiructions and that the paper money had been well received and generally ‘accepted. Since more than half of the curency sent was in large denominations, Garcia suggested thot the next remitlance should consist of bils of only ten pesos orless. "in this Presidio.” he explained, “there are no persons capable of exchanging for cash bill of higher denomination: The Banco Nacional de Texas was created shortly before a somewhat similar institution was authorized in Mexico Cily by imperial decree of Agustin de lturbide on December 29, 1822. While there are no records directly linking the two, It is @ distinct possibilty that Emperor Iturbide's decision fo issue paper money was in part influenced by Trespalacios and Banco Nacional de Texas, ‘especially since the struggling government ofindapendent Mexico wos faced with serious financial problems. Meanwhile, the notes of the Banco Nacional de Texos were being circulated without difficulty. The four men assigned to make them by hand had tumed out a new issue for December which consisted of approximately $7,375 pesos, Governor Trespalacios received a request for payment for drafting work rom the four men prepating the notes on December 2, 1822. Trespalacios turned the matter ‘over te the city council for its members to determine what would be fair compensation. Penmanship and artistic design were evidently not held in very high esteem in those doys since tne council decided fo pay the sum of {$50.00 pesos for all four scribes, The soldier in charge put iton the record that he was accepting the money under protest, declaring the sum was totally inadequate for the exacting labor required of the four men. ‘Commandont General Lopez wrote to Trespalacios from Salillo on January 18, 1823, regarding the new poper money being printed by the national treasury. He informed Trespalacios that the emperor had requesied all officials to explain to the public the advantages of poper money. In the future, Lopez continued, all troops and public officials were to be paid one third in national treasury notes and two thirds incash. Although nothing was said in regard! to the Bence Nacional de Texas, the governor and his fiends immediately became apprehensive. If fullspecie payment for the troops COU no longer be expected, the notes of the Texas bankcould not be redeemed at their face value in specie. Since the Texas notes had been issued on the expectation of fullspecie payment, pubic confidence was seriously shaken. The governerreluctantly had te publsh the notional decree regarding the treasury notes, thus advising the citizens that the Texas notes had a tival currency and were no longer backed by 100 per cent specie ‘Al'the same lime the Secretary of the Treasury of Mexico issued a circular declaring that Emperor turbide had decided that the paper money created in Texas by Govemor Trespolacios should be replaced by the new federal curtency. The secretary added that a sufficient ‘amount of paper money was on its way to the intencant ff San Luis Potosi, who had been insitucted fo call in all tne notes issued by the Banco Nacional de Texas and ‘exchange them for the new treasury notes. The intendant ff San Luis nad been ordered to butn all the Texas notes upon their presentation for exchange. Govemor Trespalacios was insucted to gather all the notes of the Banco Nacional de Texas and send them fo San Luis Potosi to be exchanged. Fortunately he was spared this painful duly by being sent to another province. After his departure the note holders refused to surrender them in the hope that the original ogreement would eveniualy be futiled by the government, They maintoined that the notes of the Banco Nacional de Texas were redeemable insiver or gold only. For two years the note holders refused fo surender theirnotes and repeaedy pointed out fo the goverment that they had given their cosh ond their goods in exchange for the Banco Nacional de Texas currency under a solemn agreement that it would be redeemed in specie. They refused all offers to exchange their Texas notes for national paper money. ay in 1825 the city counciiof San Antonio presented a petition in the nome of the people of Texas fo the governor of Coahuila and Texos—the two provinces had been joined— requesting setiement. Reluctanty they admitted their wilingness to exchange the Texas bank notes for fullor partial payment in specie. The matter was presented to the president of the nation but other questions more pressing occupied his attention. Not unit four years later was the matter finally setlled. President Vicente Guerero issued a decree on May 8, 1829, ordering the national treasury to pay the citizens of San Antonio for the paper money issued by the Banco Nacional de Texas. This wos the last transaction connected with Governor Trespalacios’ banking experiment in the wilds of fexas We find it hard to believe that no surviving notes exist. Given the crude nature of the notes. it's ikely that some stilsurvive in a University archive or elsewhere. If you have any information on the subject, please contact the pubisher. All documents anc letters cited in this article are in the archives of the University of Texas. Portions Of this arficle were summarized from a detailed article writen on the subject by Carlos E. Castaneda of the University of Texas Currency of the First Empire With the entrance into Mexico City of the Insurgent forces (known os the Army of the Tiple Guarantee} on September 27, 1821. the Spanish Colony of New Spain ceased to exist. The county assumed the name of Mexico and its fist goverment was a regency with ‘Agustin tturbide at its head. Although Iturbide did not order the establishment ‘of @ bank, he did authorize the national treasury to issue paper money. Iturbide’s decree, publshed on December 29. 1822, declared that the national council had unanimously approved the decree ond authorized the national treasury to issue paper money in the amount Cf 4,000,000 pesos, redeemable within one year, with the resources of the nation pledged as security. The treasury wos empowered fo print 2,000,000 one peso notes, 500,000 two peso notes, and 100,000 fen peso notes. The new currency was declared legal tender. ‘After January 1. 1823 all payments made by or fo the national treasury were to consist of one third Paper money and two this siver. This provision made it necessary for citizens to secure treasury notes fo the extent of Cone third their obigations for taxes and other indebtedness, fo the national government. all business transactions that involved more than three pesos had to be satisfied in both curency and siver. Violations of the new law were subject to heavy fines and imprisonment. The notes taken in {s payment for government toxes and other obligations wete to be destroyed to prevent further circulation, iturbide’s reign was filed with turmoil and very short lived. He absicatedhis throne on the 20” cf March, 1823, and sailed for Europe on the 29" of that month, ilubide retumed fo Mexican sol on July 14, 1824, made o fulle attempt to regain his lost empire, was taken prisoner by the Republicans, and offer o bref tial was shot on July 19. 1824 ‘On May 12, 1823, beiore the inauguration of Guadalupe Victoria as fist president, the Republic issued @ series of one, Iwo and ten peso notes to redeem the outstanding llurbide notes. These notes were printedion the blank backs of Popal Buls of indulgence dated 1818-1819 El Banco De Mexico, S.A. (The Bank of Mexico) In 1857 when General Ignacio Comonfort was President of Mexico, and Manuel Siiceo was Minster of Finance, a decree was isued granting Senores Ligar de Lebessart and Associates a concession to establish a bank of issue to be named "Banco de Mexico, S.A.” The right to issue paper money was for a ten-year period and with {2 capitalzation of 500,000 pesos. This bank, reputed to be exclusively Mexican, was ahead of its time in the sense that it was not unfl 1917 that the Mexican Constitution stipulated similar banking conditions. Unfortunately, serious polfical upheavals which took place at that time did not allow the 1857 Bank of Mexico to become a reaiity. El Banco de Londres Mexico y Sud America During the French intervention ond Second Empire (1864-1867), Mexico's fist enduring bank of issue was established. This was a branch office of an English bank known at that lime as The Bank of London, Mexico and South America, This bank continued to operate duing the restoration of the Republic after Moximilian and stil operates loday as Banca Serfin ‘Mexico's State Banks The creation of the Banco de Londres, Mexico, y Sud America set an example for the establishment of other local banks created under state law as there was no federal law existing to control banks. The state of Chihuahua led the way by approving the establishment of a number of banks between 1874 and 1882 including EI Banco de Santa Eulalia, € Banco de Chihuahua, éI Banco Melicano, El Banco Minero Chihuahuense and &1 Banco de Hidalgo Paral. Following the example of the early state banks of Chihuahua, most of the states of the Mexican Republic authorized the founding of banks. ‘On August 23, 1881, the government of President Manue! Gonzalez authorized the charter of the Banco Nacional Mexicano as a bank of Isue with the exclusive concession that the banknotes of no other banking institution would be accepted by the federal government4 inpaymentot taxes, etc. On February 18, 1882, the charter of the Banco Mercantil Mexicano was authorized and, on June 15, 1883, the Banco de Empleados (Employees Bank} was founded as @ bank of issue. The latter was founded by subscription of federal employees. In 1884 the Ministry of Finance authorized the merger of the Banco Nacional Mexicano ond the Banco Mercantil Mexicano. From this merger the Banco Nacional de Mexico came into existence. This banking Institution was fo play on important role in the siructure of banking credit, and its close cooperation with the federal government was very important to the national economy. Iwas originally chariered to act asa banking institution for the federal government as well as for the general public, extending a crecit of 8,000,000 pesos to the government. Iis original capitalization was 20,000,000 pesos and it was ‘authorized fo issue paper money up to three times the valve of metallic coinage on hand. As previously stated, the banknotes issued by the Banco Nacional de Mexico ‘were the only bank notes accepted in payment of federal foxes, which was @ unique privilege. ‘Commerce Acts of 1884-1897 Prior to the Commercial Act of 1884, individual States in Mexico had the authority to establish note issuing Banks. Thu the Act of 1884, the federol government required Banks to have a concession or charter from the central government. This act had serious consequences for the Banco de Londres, Mexico y Sud America since it was a foreign bank. In order to solve the problem, the bank ‘acquired the newly formed Banco de Empleades in order to ‘obtain its charter, changed the name of the bank to Banco de Londres y Mexico and became a Mexican bank. In 1889, another Act eliminated special provisions of eotlier contracts and required Congressional approval of bank contracts. The Act of Credit Institutions of 1897 further regulated the banking industry by not allowing banks to issue notes for more than double the amount held in metallic assels. While the federol government established minimum capital requirements for banks formed under these acls, enforcement was another issue. In most cases, stockholders contributed copital and then borowed an ‘equal amount back from the banks. Their capital simply “visited” the bank for a brief period. At the same time they received siock and 25% of profits, Stock was sold shorlly thereatter for as much as 500% of isued valve. EI Banco Central Mexicano (The Mexican Central Bank) Since the only banks authorized to issue notes in the Federal District were the Banco Nacional de Mexico ‘and the Banco de Londres y Mexico, the state banks were at a severe dscdvantage and their notes traded i a discount in Moxico City. In an attempt fo solve the problem, c group of financiers headed by Enrique C. Cree conceived the idea of founding a central bank in Mexico City, whose capital would be partially suoscribed fo by the State bonks and whose charter was approved on October 12, 1898, Banco Central Mexicano was intended fo act as «@ clearing bank for the notes of the member state banks. In order for the Banco Central to operate under the Act cf 1897, ils charter was granted as a loan bank (Banco Refaccionario}, though it never operated as such. When the Banco Central Mexicano began to exchange paper money of the state banks, the Act of 1897, whose main purpose was to unify the banking system had in realty, created two rival systems: that of Banco Nacional de Mexico and Banco de Londres y Mexico, who were exclusively authorized in the Federal District and released their paper money through their branch offices throughout the country, and the State Banks thru the Banco Central Mexicano system, which was for all practical purposes a federal system allowing the circulation of the paper money of the state banks in the Federal District. Unfortunately, El Banco Central Mexicano was not well siructured and was overwhelmed bby the demands of its stockholder banks. While specimen bank notes exist for this bank, no signed and issued notes cre known, Banking Reform of 1908 By 1908, It was evident the most issuing banks were in trouble as they had not conformed to the asset guidelines of 1897 and could not pay certain securities. To reduce the volume of paper money in circulation, the Reform Act of 1908 was intended to force issuing banks to become loan banks (non-issuers).. This stalled quickly due in part to the turmol of the revolution, which ‘added burdens on the issuing banks in the form of forced "loans" to various military/poltical entities which needed financing. As the revolution progressed, more paper entered circulation and minor coinage left. Banco de Jalisco - The case of the lazy counterteiter Why make your own when you can get someone. ele to do it for you? In 1910 c man calling himself Thomas Marshal met with representatives of tne National Bank Note Company of Philadelphia. Marshal identified himself as a member of the board of directors of Banco de Jalisco. Marshal ingicated that the bank was unhappy with their current printers, American Bank Note Company, ‘and scid thal the bank was inierested in having NBNC represent them in the future. Marshall asked for a quote to produce an initiol 5,000 five peso notes which National agreed fo print at a cost of twenty cents each. Marshal ‘agreed ond asked Notional to copy the plates currently being used by ABNC since the existing plates were the property of the current printer and they would not release them. National agreed and printed the notes. Marshol instructed NBNC to deliver the notes to H. L Middleton (were Marshal and Middleton the same guy@) in New ‘Orleans, who would pay for the printing. Middleton immediately storted signing and seling the notes but wos ‘apprehended shorily thereatter by the US secret service, who confiscated the remaining notes. The notes are easly identified by the name of the printer on the front of the notes. These scarce nates are highly collectible and re listed in the catalog as M387. Paper Money of the Mexican Revolution The 1910 revolution of Francisco |, Madero ended the rule of the "benign dictator’, Porfrio Diaz. In his years as President of Mexico, Diaz had modernized the country, but the costs of doing so had required arge injections of foreign capital. When Diaz departed, the nation’s monetary andi banking systems were in precarious condition. Ih 1912, as President Madero took the reins of government, the Mexican siver peso was worth 56 cents US. The papermoney of Banco de Lonares y México ana. the Banco Nacioncl de México exchanged at New York ait 49 cents US. per peso. precipitous fal in world siver prices over the preceding 40 years had resulted in the suspension of gold coinage and a reduction in siver coin production which made the nation more dependent on the paper money issued by the banks. The banking system was clearly firfing with disaster. Meanwhile, President Madero was objiged to pay out almost all available funds in the federal treasury to avoid default on foreign debt. To sustain government operations, a number of additional domestic and foreign loans had fo be arranged, placingthe central government in an even more precarious financial position. ‘On February 9. 1913, after only fifteen months in office, Madero and his administration fell victim to a federal army coup led by General Victoriano Huerta On the night of February 22™, President Madero and Vice President Pino Suarez were kiled “while attempting fo escape". Resistance to Huerta’s usurpation of the presidency stiffened, porticularly in the northem states. In the State of Coahuila, Governor Venustiano Carranza procisimed a manifesto caling for the overthrow of the Huerta government by force of arms. Supported by delegates from the siates of Coahuila, Chihuahua and Sonora, he established the Gobierno Constitucionalsta de Mexico [Constitutionalst Government of Mexico) and the Ejercito Constitucionaista de Mexico (Constitutional Aimy of Mexico). The ambitious pollician nomed himself Fist Chief of both the new government and the new army, Huerta rightly viewed Coahuila as the seat of rebellion and sent the federal army to clecr the state of rebels. While rebel forces enjoyed success in most arteas of northern Mexico, the federal troops relentiossly hammered the Coahuila rebels, driving them from the state. In spite of the federal success in Coahuila, the revolution continued to spread. Carranza had served as Madero's Minister of Wor during the 1910-1911 revolution, and was well aware of the Costs involved in fielding an army. On Apri 26", Carranza decreed the issue of five million pesos in the name of the Gobierno Constitucionalista de México, which was the fst paper money of the revolution. He declared the money legal tender and decreed prison sentences for those refusing 10 accept it In the south, Emiliano Zapata was actively fighting the Huerta government. With active rebellion in both the north and south, President Huerta'smonetary problemswere compounded. Huerta instituted a series of “forced loans" from the banks of Mexico which further weakened them, ‘ond drove some into bankruptcy. “Good money” in the form of coins and bank notes disoppeared from circulation seemingly overnight. By June, circulating coinage and Paper were in such short supply that Huerta was forced to ‘authorize certain corporations to sue scrip to their workers. ‘he scrip issues had the same disadvantages as earier haciendo ond business lokens as they were accepted ‘only mong the workers and in the company stores of the issuers. Although 8.5 milion pasosin coinage was produced uring the year by the mint at Mexico City, it disappeared into bank vaults and hoards, never reaching circulation. ‘As the money situction continued to deteriorate through the summer of 1913, Carranza was forced to agree to the emergency issue of paper money by the slates of Durango, Sinaloa, and Sonera, In early October 1913, Francisco “Pancho” Vila ‘and his Divisién del Norte (Division of the Nerth) captured the twin cities of Toreén, Coahuila, and Gémez Palacio, Durango. Vila insisted that his soldiers pay for whatever they needed from the cilizens, but he needed cash to pay his troops and suppliers. He asked Carranza for 350,000 esos of Consttutionaist paper money to cover the costs. Carranza sent only 50,000 pesos, teling Vila that the ‘amount would have to suffice. Short 300,000 pesos, Vila demanded that the bankers of Toreén and Gémez Palacio “loan” him the needed funds. The bankers were appalled, bbut scon came up with a scheme which satisfied bath Vila ‘and themselves. Each local branch bank issued checks ‘against other local branch banks, payable at their home. offices in Mexico City after the ralload lines had been reopened to the copital. These checks were accepted locally os “legal tender”, and Vilo's immediate problems were solved, Villa. and other military commanders learned @ valuable lesson from the “bank-on-bank” checks ot Torte6n and Gémez Palacio. | the army was well behaved ‘and had “money" fo pay for thelr needs, the people would accept the “money”, regardless of Its source. Corranza ‘was furious that Vila had intruded on his prerogatives as leader of the revolution, yet there wos nothing he could do ‘bout it other than scold Vila Meanwhile, backin the capital, the Huertaregime. facedamonetarycisaster. Bonks were encouragedtoissue ‘denominations of less than § pesos fo relieve the shortage ‘of coinage. Huerta also decreed a one year moratorium ‘on the conversion of paper money to metalic assets. The decree wos meant fo give the banks cn opportunity to. increose their metalic holdings, but in effect, it devalued the circulating poper. Soon atier, the Banco Central de México failed. This bank had acted as a clearing house for the conversion of the state bank currency into notes of the two primary banks at Mexico City, With that service no longer available, the value of the sicte bank notes fell precipitously. In December, a run on the Banco de Londres y México nearly caused it to fail, The value of circulating paper became more uncertain and Huerta reduced by half the amount of metalic reserves required of the banks. (On December 8, 1913, Pancho Vila occupied the capital city of Chihuahua. With money running out, he used his postion as Provisional Governor of Chihuahua, to decree the issue of paper money in the name of the Tesoretia General del Estado (General Treasury of he State), ‘As Carranza had done with his Gobierno Consfitucionalsta money, Vila decreed that his notes and those of Carranza ‘would be the only paper money acceptable in the State ‘of Chinuchua. Villa had intruded on the prerogatives of Carranza yet agein. Corranza sent a delegation to Chihuahua to order Vila to cease printing his own money. Vila met them cordially and Istened fo what they had to Say, But refused to ceose issuing his money. ‘As the year drew fo a close, the monetary situation was alarming. Virtually ll circulating coinage hod disappeared, state bank notes were heavily discounted ‘and the entire banking system wos on the verge of collapse. ‘Mexico City bank notes could be exchanged at New York for 35 cents US. per peso, down from 56 cents the year before. Villa's paper was being exchanged af El Paso at 18 to 19 cents US. per peso, despite the fac that twas backed by Vilo's name only. Paper money was being issued by Carranza’s Constitutionalst government, state treasures, Municipalities, miftary entities and private sources. As bad as the situation was, it was about to get much worse. On January 20, 1914, Huerta decreed that the papermoney ofallstate banks constitutedlegal tender ‘and the requirement for banks to have metalic assets in reserve to support their paper money was rescinded. He then required each bank to accept responsibly for @ portion of a five million pound debt to England. Many of the banks balked at issuing huge amounts of paper backed by no reserves, but Huerta ordered them to comply. in the north, Carranza seized all of the banks within Constitutional territory, confiscating their assets to the Constitutionaist treasury, On July 15, 1914, General Huerta resigned as president ond fled into exile. On August 13", the federal ‘crmy surendered unconditionally and was disbanded. On August 20", Venustiano Corranza eniered Mexico City in triumph. Camanza was victorious and it was expected that the fighting would cease. But in August, Governor Maytorena of Sonora broke with Carranza, He was followed in September by General Villa, perhaps the greatest political threat 10 6 Camanza presidency, 1516 Carranza took control of his government at Mexico City and decreed a “national currency” in the form of the Gobierno Provisional de México notes. His tenure in the capital was short. In an attempt to quash the rebellions of Maytorene and Vila, a convention was called to meet in Mexico. The convention would consist of all of the military leaders of the Constitutionalist revolution, and they would advise Carranza as to the appropriate course for the new government to follow. Villa refused to attend, ond Zapata was not invited, The convention met os scheduled, but decided to agjoum and meet again at Aguascalientes with Vila and Zopeta represented. Carranza was ‘astounded that his most loyal followers had high-jacked his convention. The convention at Aguascatentes declared itself sovereign, with the absolute authority to establish the revolutionary government, Carranza was given an ultimatum. Surrender the revolution to the convention or be in rebelion against the rightful government of Mexico. When the convention adjourned it was clear that there wouldbe a civilwar. Those who adhered to the convention would fight those who remained with Carranza. Cerranza’s Conslitutionalist government evacuated Mexico City and moved fo Veracruz. The Conventionists occupied the capital and, ‘on December 17°, decreed that ail Carranza currency dated December Ist or later (Isued at Veracruz). was invalid, Circulating paper in Mexico City was over-printed REVALIDADO per the decree, indicating that it could circulate freely. Revalidated notes included Carranza’ Gobierno Constitucionalista, Gobierno Provisional notes dated before December 1, 1914, Villa's Tesoreria General del Estado notes. and the notes of £1 Estado de Durango. At year’s end, in New York City, Camranza's notes were ‘exchanged for nine cents fo the peso, while in El Paso, Villa's paper money brought only two cents per peso. During the year paper money was issued by various entities in most states, as well as the banks of Mexico City, ‘Some issues were small and iransitory, but allreflected the ‘complete breakdown of the country's monetary system. The Conventionist government was shortived. By the end of January it had fractured info a number of independent factions, some aligned with Vila, some with Topata, and some returning to Carranza. On January 28, 1915, General Alvaro Obregon, reoccupied Mexico City for the Caranza goverment ond decreed that Citculation of all paper money, except for notes in the name of the Gobierno Provisional issued at Veracruz on ‘and after December 1, 1914, was outlawed, The result ‘was chaos. Money that was good one day wos worthless the next. Within a month or so, much of the population of Mexico City verged on starvation. To add to the nation’s ‘woes, the State of Oaxaca demanded recognition of its sovereignty and announced itself neutral in the ongoing wars. Although Oaxaca had not officially seceded trom Mexico, its insistence on its sovereignty and neutralty was considered by Carranza to be the equivalent of secession. By March, the State of Oaxaca was issuing paper money ‘and coins in its own name. Unike most of the revolutionary paper money, Oaxaca’s was backed by the ossels of the state teosury. By mid-1915 the Coranza goveinment had re-occupied Mexico Cily. new issue of “national” currency was decreed called the infalsificables incapable of being counterfeited) which proved to be one of the most attractive of the revolution, Prepared and printed by the American Bank Note Company of New York City, it was exchanged for Veracruz Gobierno Provisional notes at Grate of | new peso to 100 old ones. The attractiveness of the issue did nol make i proof against devaluation. Ih central Mexico, Vila challenged. Obregon's ormy ond suffered a seties of disastrous defeats. His career 2s a poltical leader and general of a modern army ended in November, with the destruction of his Ejercito del Norte (army of the North] at the battle ct Agua Prieta, Sonora, |ssue of Vila's money ceased, and is value was lost entirely. Carranza fumed his attentions to Oaxaca and Zapata. By the end of 1915, the exchange rate for Coranza's infasicables at New York was 42 cents per peso. During the year, paper money had been issued under various ‘authorities in 24 states and the Federal District. 1916 was the last year of issue for “revolutionary paper money". Carranza tied once again, with an issue in May with notes that he called the indomables [inciomitables).. The sue was pegged at about 32 cents US. per peso, but was never accepted al that rate. (Ocxaca continued to issue poper money, but it ceased when the state was forcibly returned to the Mexican union. The State of Yucatan issued paper based on its primary export product, henequen, a fiber used fo make fope. That issue, 100, was short ved. The last miitory formation io sue paper money was the Division Almazan, {an independent division operating in Ooxaca under the ‘auspices of the Zapatistas. By early 1917 all Mexican paper money was worthless and the era of revolutionary money had come to an end. In1917,PresidentVenustianoCaranzasummarized the expenditures of the revolution before the Mexican congress. His Consfitutionalist government had issued bout 30 milion pesos. The state and military commands under his authority had issued an additional 30 milion. These figures were likely grossly understated. The records of Vilas government of Chihuahua indicated the issue of approximately 242 milion pesos over the same period. IWis ikely that Coranza's expencitures at least equaled those of Villa, Carranza and Villa, the two major issuers of Paper money during the period, probably accounted for {about 500 millon pesos issued. The federal government under Huerta, the States of Ooxeca and Yucatan, and Ihe various military, municipal and private issuers are suspected fo have accounted for at least as much, if not more. It is almost certain that the paper money of the revolution exceeded one bilion pesos. This article was compiled from a series of articles prepared by Dave Watson. Visit his website at jawime.com for the sources and references for the data presented above. Banking Reform and Central Bank Formation The true beginning of banking reform took place ‘on September 24, 1913, when Carranza, in a public speech delivered at Hermosito, said “We shall do away with the enti banking system as it is known today, avoiding the monopoly of private enterprise. We shall also abolish the issuing of paper money by private banks. The issuing of paper money should be the exclusive privilege of the nation. When the revolution triumphs, the new government will establish a single bank of issue which will do away with all banking insfitutions which are not controlled by the government. Shorily after taking control, President Carranza decreed that all issuing banks had to comply with the ‘50% asset requirements of the Act of 1897, and that banks had 45 days to get into compliance. Between November 1915 and March 1914, the following banks were found to be in violation of the Act of 1897 or failed to submit ‘accounting records and had their charters canceled: ‘Aguascalientes, Minero de Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mercantil de Monterey. Morelos, Oriental de Mexico. Peninsular Mexicano, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, and Tamaulipas. The Londres y Mexico, Nacional de Mexico,‘ond Nuevo Leon banks retained their charters although not entirely in compliance, and the Banks of Estado de Mexico, Occidental de Mexico, Sonora, Tabasco, Mercantil de Veracruz, and Zacatecas were found to be in compliance and were allowed fo continue operations, at least for c while, Between 1916 and 1920, other measures were enacted to force issuing banks to withdraw their notes ‘and become lencing or development banks. In 1916. fan Act liquidated all suing banks, bui the financial straits of the government caused ihe Act fo be put “on hold" while the government borowed money from these banks! With the death of Carranza and the inauguration of President Obregon in 1920, banks of issue were notified of the upcoming liquidation and the planned move to a single issuing authority, which finally came into being with the estabishment of the Banco de Mexico in 1925. PERSONAGES ON PAPER MONEY Banco de Aguascalientes The portrait of Pedro Jose Garcia Rojas appears on the S.and 1000 peso notes of this bank. Antonia Lopez de Santa Anna led his troops to ‘Aguascalientes on March 1, 183Sandstayedat the home of Pedro Jose Garcia Rojas. Ata reception ball given by Rojas, the President asked his host's wife, Maria Luisa Vila de Garcia Rojas. for a kiss felling her that, in exchange, he would give her whalever she requested. In response to this, she gave him a kiss on his cheek in the riddle of the room and said: “I haven't been able to contain myself, thriled by the formal promise of the General to give liberly to Aguascalientes”. On March 23, 1835, !wenly two days later, he acceptance of ‘Aguascalientes as a teriitory was decreed. The fist governor of the new entity was Pedro Jose Garcia Rojas. Banco Comercial de Chihuahua The portrait of Miguel Hidalgo oppecrs on notes of this bank. Hidalgo was born on May 8, 1753 at the Hacienda of Corralejo, Guanajuato. His first studies were at the College of San Nicolas in Valladolid. in 1778 he was ordained as a priest in Mexico City and returned to Valladolid to the College of San Nicolas to teach philosophy and theology. Alter teaching, he spent the following ten years as parish priest in Colima. When fis brother Joaquin died, he took his place as parson Gt Dolores Hidalgo in the State of Guanojuato. Hidalgo was devoted to helping his parishioners by teaching them how to improve the harvesting of grapes and the breeding of sik worms. He also trained the natives in the manufacturing of bricks and crockery, as well asin the art of fanning hides. Besides French and Latin, he mastered several native dialects and was respected and loved by ail those around him. ‘After observing the continuous poor treatment of the natives by the Spaniards, Hidalgo became committed to social causes and the independence of Mexico. At his parish in Dolores, he began to manufacture lances and to convert followers. Afler being discovered converting {roopsin the Battalion of Guanajuato to his couse, Hidcigo was forced to move more quickly than aniicipated. In the early moming of September 16, 1810, Hidalgo, Allende, Aldama and other ciose followers forced the town mayor {o release the prisoners from the local jail, all of whom medictely joined him. Hidalgo returned to his parish where he rang the steeple bells ond gave his famous "Grito de Dolores" [Cry of Dolores) sermon. He then led 300 men to San Miguel el Grande, Guangjuate where he rectuited additional troops and moved his army toward Celaya. When they orived at Atotoniico, Hidalgo wisely chose the image of the Virgin of Guacalupe to be used on his banner. The insurgents reached Celaya on September 21, and by the next day, Hidaigo was in command of the City. By this time, his army had grown to approximately 50,000 men, Following this victory Hidalgo advanced on. Guanajuato. The city mayor, fearing an attack, took the contents of the city treasury 10 the Alondiga where there ‘were sufficient supplies to last for several months. On. September 28, Hidalgo sent two emissaries to ask Mayor Piano to surrenders. Piano refused and the battle began. The insurgents again were victorious. Meanwhile, the Bishop of Michoacan, Abad Gueipo, published an edict excommunicating Hidalgo. Hidalgo left Guangjvato on October 10, 1810 and headed towards Valladolid which he overpowered one week later. Here more troops joined his army. He left Jose Maria Antorene in charge of the city ond headed toward Mexico City on October 19th. In Acambaro, Hidalgo was. declared Generalsimo of the insurgent forces and he ‘advanced upon Maravatio, Tepentongo, ktiahuaca and Toluca. By October 30th, Hidolgo and his forces reached B Monte de las Cruces, where he fought the cimy of Torcuato Tiyjllo who had been sent by Viceroy Venegas to stop him, After a bloody battle the insurgents were victorious again Alter approaching Mexico City Hidalgo, unexplainably decided to stop, despite the urging of Allende and his feutenants to proceed. Some believe that Hidalgo was fearful of the level of bloodshed that might take place in the streets of the capital. instead, Hidalgo tured toward Queretaro ond suffered massive Geserfions along the way. At Acuico, they came across the Royalst army commanded by Calleja and suffered @ deckive defeat, losing great quantities of supplies ‘and 600 prisoners to the Royalists. At this point, Hidaigo and Allende separated. Hidalgo went fo Valladolid and Allende headed towards Guanajuato. On November 17, Hidalgo left Valladoid, for Guadalajara with 7,200 men. He took the city of Guadalajara on November 26th. Later Allende joined him there after having been defeated in Guanajuato by Calleja. The Royalist Army was advancing on Guadalajara and the insurgents left the city to meet them al the Puente de Calderon (Bridge of Calderon} on January 14, 1811 The insurgents suffered another decisive defect and ther forces were almost completely dispersed. Hidalgo fled to Aguascalientes, and from there to Zacatecas. There he met Allende at the Hacienda of E! Pabellon and later headed foward Saltilo with the intention of seeking refuge in the United States. ”‘ond Nuevo Leon banks retained their charters although not entirely in compliance, and the Banks of Estado de Mexico, Occidental de Mexico, Sonora, Tabasco, Mercantil de Veracruz, and Zacatecas were found to be in compliance and were allowed fo continue operations, at least for c while, Between 1916 and 1920, other measures were enacted to force issuing banks to withdraw their notes ‘and become lencing or development banks. In 1916. fan Act liquidated all suing banks, bui the financial straits of the government caused ihe Act fo be put “on hold" while the government borowed money from these banks! With the death of Carranza and the inauguration of President Obregon in 1920, banks of issue were notified of the upcoming liquidation and the planned move to a single issuing authority, which finally came into being with the estabishment of the Banco de Mexico in 1925. PERSONAGES ON PAPER MONEY Banco de Aguascalientes The portrait of Pedro Jose Garcia Rojas appears on the S.and 1000 peso notes of this bank. Antonia Lopez de Santa Anna led his troops to ‘Aguascalientes on March 1, 183Sandstayedat the home of Pedro Jose Garcia Rojas. Ata reception ball given by Rojas, the President asked his host's wife, Maria Luisa Vila de Garcia Rojas. for a kiss felling her that, in exchange, he would give her whalever she requested. In response to this, she gave him a kiss on his cheek in the riddle of the room and said: “I haven't been able to contain myself, thriled by the formal promise of the General to give liberly to Aguascalientes”. On March 23, 1835, !wenly two days later, he acceptance of ‘Aguascalientes as a teriitory was decreed. The fist governor of the new entity was Pedro Jose Garcia Rojas. Banco Comercial de Chihuahua The portrait of Miguel Hidalgo oppecrs on notes of this bank. Hidalgo was born on May 8, 1753 at the Hacienda of Corralejo, Guanajuato. His first studies were at the College of San Nicolas in Valladolid. in 1778 he was ordained as a priest in Mexico City and returned to Valladolid to the College of San Nicolas to teach philosophy and theology. Alter teaching, he spent the following ten years as parish priest in Colima. When fis brother Joaquin died, he took his place as parson Gt Dolores Hidalgo in the State of Guanojuato. Hidalgo was devoted to helping his parishioners by teaching them how to improve the harvesting of grapes and the breeding of sik worms. He also trained the natives in the manufacturing of bricks and crockery, as well asin the art of fanning hides. Besides French and Latin, he mastered several native dialects and was respected and loved by ail those around him. ‘After observing the continuous poor treatment of the natives by the Spaniards, Hidalgo became committed to social causes and the independence of Mexico. At his parish in Dolores, he began to manufacture lances and to convert followers. Afler being discovered converting {roopsin the Battalion of Guanajuato to his couse, Hidcigo was forced to move more quickly than aniicipated. In the early moming of September 16, 1810, Hidalgo, Allende, Aldama and other ciose followers forced the town mayor {o release the prisoners from the local jail, all of whom medictely joined him. Hidalgo returned to his parish where he rang the steeple bells ond gave his famous "Grito de Dolores" [Cry of Dolores) sermon. He then led 300 men to San Miguel el Grande, Guangjuate where he rectuited additional troops and moved his army toward Celaya. When they orived at Atotoniico, Hidalgo wisely chose the image of the Virgin of Guacalupe to be used on his banner. The insurgents reached Celaya on September 21, and by the next day, Hidaigo was in command of the City. By this time, his army had grown to approximately 50,000 men, Following this victory Hidalgo advanced on. Guanajuato. The city mayor, fearing an attack, took the contents of the city treasury 10 the Alondiga where there ‘were sufficient supplies to last for several months. On. September 28, Hidalgo sent two emissaries to ask Mayor Piano to surrenders. Piano refused and the battle began. The insurgents again were victorious. Meanwhile, the Bishop of Michoacan, Abad Gueipo, published an edict excommunicating Hidalgo. Hidalgo left Guangjvato on October 10, 1810 and headed towards Valladolid which he overpowered one week later. Here more troops joined his army. He left Jose Maria Antorene in charge of the city ond headed toward Mexico City on October 19th. In Acambaro, Hidalgo was. declared Generalsimo of the insurgent forces and he ‘advanced upon Maravatio, Tepentongo, ktiahuaca and Toluca. By October 30th, Hidolgo and his forces reached B Monte de las Cruces, where he fought the cimy of Torcuato Tiyjllo who had been sent by Viceroy Venegas to stop him, After a bloody battle the insurgents were victorious again Alter approaching Mexico City Hidalgo, unexplainably decided to stop, despite the urging of Allende and his feutenants to proceed. Some believe that Hidalgo was fearful of the level of bloodshed that might take place in the streets of the capital. instead, Hidalgo tured toward Queretaro ond suffered massive Geserfions along the way. At Acuico, they came across the Royalst army commanded by Calleja and suffered @ deckive defeat, losing great quantities of supplies ‘and 600 prisoners to the Royalists. At this point, Hidaigo and Allende separated. Hidalgo went fo Valladolid and Allende headed towards Guanajuato. On November 17, Hidalgo left Valladoid, for Guadalajara with 7,200 men. He took the city of Guadalajara on November 26th. Later Allende joined him there after having been defeated in Guanajuato by Calleja. The Royalist Army was advancing on Guadalajara and the insurgents left the city to meet them al the Puente de Calderon (Bridge of Calderon} on January 14, 1811 The insurgents suffered another decisive defect and ther forces were almost completely dispersed. Hidalgo fled to Aguascalientes, and from there to Zacatecas. There he met Allende at the Hacienda of E! Pabellon and later headed foward Saltilo with the intention of seeking refuge in the United States. ”8 Hidalgo, Allende, Aldema, Abasolo, Jimenez ond other important insurgent leaders were captured by Ignacio Bizondo near Monclova on March 21, 1811 Hidalgo was taken to Chihuchua where he wos tried ond sentenced to death, He was shot by a fing squad at 7:00 A.M. on July 30, 1811. His body was decapitated ‘and his head placed in an iran cage which was taken to ‘Guanjvato and displayedin the plazanecr the Alonciga, His body wos buried by the Brothers of San Francisco, in Chihuahua. In 1824, his remains were transported to ‘Mexico City and deposited in the cathedral. Years later they were moved fo the Monument to Independence located on Paseo de Ia Reforma in Mexico City, Miguel Hidalgo is known os the Father of his country. Banco de Coahuila Alldenominations of this bank, from 1 to 1000 pesos, bear the porirait of Miguel Ramos ‘Atigpe at the left and that of Vicloriano Cepeda at the tight. Miguel Ramos ‘was bom on February 15 1775 in the Valley of San Nicolas, Coahule, After a ‘tuitful ife dedicated to priesthood and politics, he died of gangrene on April 28, 1843, He was ordained in 1803, after studying in the seminaries of Monterey and Guadalejara, He teught conen and civillawin theseminary ‘of Monterrey. He was appointed Deputy of Cortes and went to Cadiz in order to attend the Congress of 1812. where he made public his support for the independence of New Spain, Ferdinand Vil had him Imprisoned for four years because of these ideas. He returned to Mexico in 1822 as President of the Commission of the Constitutional Congress of 1823. His belief in a Federal system of government helped insure that the newly born Mexican Republic adopted the Federals system. His siatue may be foundon thesouthside of the Monument of independence (on Reforma Boulevard in Mexico City. General Victoriano Cepeda was born in Saito, Coahyilain 1826 and diedin Vila de Guadalupe, DF. in 1892. Being « beral, he fought ogainst_ the conservatives. During the Thee Year War he porticipated in several battles ond fought at the head of his quertila forces. When the government of Benito Juarez triumphed, Victoriano Cepedaretumed 40 Salilo where he worked 08 4 tax collector. He later took up arms again during the French Intervention as leader of the Fist Light Battalion of Coahuila, When it ended and Juarez’ goverment was established again, Victeriano Cepeda retumed fo Coahuila to bbe elected governor of his home state, Banco Internacional e Hipotecario de Mexico The 1 peso note of this bank, known only os a proof, bears the portrait of Miguel Lerdo de Tejada who was born in 1812 in Veracruz and died in 1861 In Mexico City In 1849 he was counselor of the Municipal Government of Mexico City which he presided over unt 1852. He was Secretary of State seven times during five different presidential periods. He also held posts as Secretary of Public Works, Secretary of Foreign Affairs and Secretary of the Treasury. He actively participated in the War of Reform and wrote a number of books. Banco de Londres, Mexico y Sudamerica The 10 pesonotes, printed by Bradbuy Wikinson and Co, London, bears the portrait of Moctezumo, the ninth ‘Aztec King. Prior to becoming King in 1492, he was the high priest and itis, said he did not wish to abandon his religious practices for the throne. Mocteruma was very superstitious and when the Spaniard Cortes arrived at the coast of Mexico Moctezuma thought Cortez was the god Quetzalcociil relurming to recover his kingdom. His resulting indecision cost him akingdom. He died on June 21, 1520, from a head wound caused by a rock thrown by Cuauhtemoc, his successor. The portrait of Benito Juarez appears on the 5, 10 ond 20 peso notes of a later series by the same bank. Benito Juarez was born on March 21, 1806 in Oaxaca, He became an orphan at the age of three ond was brought up by his uncle. He received no schooling until the age of thirteen when he went to live with @ bookbinder by the name of Antonio Salanueva and learned to read and waite with the help of Professor Domingo Gonzalez. He attended preparatory school at the Seminario, de la Santa Cruz and finished in 1827. In 1828, he began to study ot the Institute of Science and Art of Oaxaca, where he graduated from law school in 1843. He was a professor at his Alma Mater, counciiman in the city government o' Oaxaca in 1831, and in 1833 he became congressman in the city government, In 1841 he was appointed to the post of ciiljudge, He married Margarita Maza on July 31, 1843.He was governor of the State of Oaxaca from 1847 until 1852. He was appointed Director ofthe Insitute of Science and Art in 1853, the same year that Dictator Sonta Anna returned to power. Senta Anna had him exiled to Cuba atter disagreements between the two and he subsequently moved to New Orleans in 1853. There he met Melchor Ocampo who was fo have great influence over tis pottical career. When the "Plan de Ayutla” headed by General Juan Alvarez was proclaimed in Mexico, Juarez quickly retuned to Mexican soll to offer his service fo the cause, Sonia Anna was defeated and Juan Alvarez became, president, appointing Juorez o the post of Minister of Jusiice. Juarez agoin became governor of his home slate in 1856. He later became Minister of Foreign Affairs ‘and was finally elected to the presidency of the Supreme Court of Justice in 1857. Because he openly opposed the politics of ‘the Comonfort adminisiration, he was token prisoner ‘and jailed. Later, he fled to Guanajyato where he was procicimed president of Mexico. From there, he continued ‘on to Veracruz where he set up his government. In 1859 hhe prociaimed his “Leyes de Reforma” (Reform Laws) which were backed by liberals inclucing Miguel Lerdo de Tejada and Melchor Ocampo. These laws provided tor the independence of the state from the church as well as the transfer of church properties to the nation In 1860, when General Gonzalez Oriega defeated, the conservatives and Comonfor. Juarez entered Mexico City where he summoned the people to elections, and was elected to continue as President of Mexico. Due to the chaotic financial status of the country, Juarez decreed the suspension of payment of the foreign debt, which brought about the intervention in Mexico, by England, France and Spcin. Spanish. English and French forces arived in Veracruz cround Christmas 1861. When the English ond Spanish discovered that the French planned fo form an empire in Mexico, they withdrew their forces and returned home. The French troops found no resistance until they crived at Puebla where they were defeated by the Mexican army commanded by General Ignacio Zaragoza. However, in 1863, afler three months of siege. Mexico Cily was taken by the French forces. In April 1864, Maximilian of Hapsburg set sail for Mexico, and Juarez retreated northward foward Ciudad Juarez faking his cabinet with him. in 1866, Napoleon withcrew his support of Maximilian and the period known os the Restoration of the Repudlic began. The forces supporting Juarez began torecapture leritory until they reached Queretaro, where they took Maximilian prisoner. He was sentenced to death and shot by a fring squad on June 19, 1867, Juarez returned to Mexico City on July 18, 1867 ‘and was once again elected president. His administration managed fo attain siabilly shorily before he died of a heart attack on July 18, 1872. Juarez was a frue patriot. and is known throughout the world as a statesman. Banco Nacional de Mexico The_ portrait of Manuelita Garcia Tetuel cppeas onal denominations of this bank. She was a petson of lineage who occupied high position in the society of her time, Even though she was not ravishingly beoutiful, she attracted many men, Aller refusing to give her picture to a high bonk official who fei forher.the offcialobtained ‘one elsewhere and, in revenge for her refusal, had itengraved on all the paper money issued by the Banco Nacional de Mexico, Banco de Guanajuato The §, 800 and 1,000 peso denominations of this bonk bear the porrat of | Manuel Doblado who was born in San Pedro Piedra Gorda, Guanajuato (present-day city of Manue! Dobiado} in 1818 and died in New York on June 19, 1865. He was a lawyer ond pprofessorin the College of the State of Guancjvato. In 1846, he wos appointed governor, though he never tock office since he was only 28 years old ct the time ond did not meat the minimum age requirement. In 1847, he was elected Deputy to the Congress of Queretoro. During the Presidency of Comonfort he was Governor of Guanajuato, but he resigned from that post in 1857 ond became & member of the Liberal Party. He \was Minister of Foreign Alfcirs for Benito Juarez in 1861 At the beginning of the French intervention he resigned from his postin order to take up arms as he had done during the War of Reform. In November, 1842, he was appointed Governor and Miltary Commander of the State of Jalisco. In 1854, he accompanied Juorez from Saitllo to Monterrey and later to Ciudad Juarez. He ‘became il, went to Havana, Cuba and later to New York where he died. 1820 Banco de Guenero The 10 and 50 peso denominations bear the portrait of Vicente Guerrero who was bon on August 10, 1783 in Tista Guerrero and died at the hands of @ fing squad on February 14, 1831 in the Vile of Culapan, Ooxaca. He began hismiltory career under Golecnain 1810.and become famous for his hetoic batties in the South He defeated the Royalists. Jose de la Pena, Lamadria, Armiso and Samaniego. When Morelos died, Guerrero was one of the few insurgents who refused amnesty, though he was threatened with the death of his father, to which he replied: “The fatherland Is fist’ ‘On January 10, 1821, tturbide was sent to fight against Guerrero, He sent aletterto Guerrero inviting him to meeting thatresutedinan alliance wnich consummated the independence of Mexico. When Iturbide procicimed himseit emperor, Guerrero fought against him until the end of the empire. He was Minister of the Executive Supreme Power during the presidency of Guadalupe Victoria, In 1828, he was nominated for the presidency. He became President on Apri 1, 1828 and lost power ‘on December 16 of the same year when deprived of his post by Congress and Anastasio Bustamante. Guerrero fought against Bustamante’s government until January, 1831 when he was taken prisoner aboard the brigantine, Colombo. He was given a court martial and was executed in Vila of Cuilapan on February 14, 1831 Banco de Hidalgo The portrait of Juan C. Doria appears on the 10 and 100 peso notes. He was bom in Real de Borbon {present = dey Villagran),. Tamaulipas. At nine years of age he was sent to Linares, Nuevo Leon, to study. He specialized in philosophy, and later, he studied law in Monterrey and Mexico Clly. He graduated os a lawyer during the days of the French Intervention. He was appointed secretary to the Governor of Nuevo Leon, In 1865, os polifical and mitary chieftain of Linares, he formed o cavalry group and joined forces with Mariano Escobedo. He and Hipolito Charles formed the “Cuerpo de Cazadores de Galeano” (Goleana’ Hunters). When Escobedo occupied Monterrey and became State governor, he served as his secretary. He accompanied him in the siege of Queretaro where he fought heroically. When, the Republic tumohed, he occupied an important post in the Department of War. Later, he wos appointed Governor of the State of Hidalgo. EI Banco de Michoacan The portrait of Jose Mariano Michelena ‘appears on the 20 peso nole of this series. He wos bom in Valladolid in 1772 and died in 1852 in the same city. He studied law in Mexico. City ond entered the Infantry Regiment of the Crown where he became a lieutenant. At Jalopa, he met Allende, — Avias Algame, cnd other officers who would later be important figures in the Wor of Independence. When he was sent to Valladolid in September of 1808 fo recruit people for his regiment, he joined a group of military, ecclesiastic, and civil people who were conspiring against the Crown. Among them was his brother, Nicolas. The conspiracy was discovered in 1809, the same day of the insurrection, and they were confined to the Convent of Camerun andlatersent to Mexico City. When he declared he was a loyal patriot and that his only interest was to preserve the country for Ferdinand Vii in case Spain submitted 10 Napoleon, Michelena was set free. but was confined to the city of Valladolid, When the revolution began in September 1810, he was apprehended again and sent fo the Castle of San Juan de Ulua. He was tried, but since no connection was found between Michelena’s plans and Hidaigo’s, he wos sent to Spain to serve in the struggle against the French. He ‘wos at the seizure of Bayona and did not return fo Mexico Until after the country achieved its indepencience. When, he returned to his homeland, he was elected Depuly to the Constitutional Congress and fought against Iturbide. He was a member of Free Masons ond when lturbide lost power, Michelena formed part of the executive power that governed the country (1822-1824) until it was time fo elect the new President of the Republic. He was later the Foreign Minister for Mexico in England, The 100 peso note of this series bears the portrait of Fray Vasco de Quiroga, betterknown by the endearing term of "lata Vasco". He was bon in Avila, Spain February 30, 1470 and ded in Unvapan, Michoacan on March 14,1565. He was always o great benefactor of the natives. About 1532, he Vislled “Tzintzuntzan and within the next year he founded a hospital town with a church and a schootin the suburbs of Mexico City which he named Santa Fe de la Laguna. He became the fist bishop of the State of Michoacan in 1537,EI Banco Mercantil de Monterrey Al denominations bear the image of Mariano Escobedo. He was born in 826 in the cily of Galeana, Nuevo Leon and died in Tacubaya, Mexico City in 1902. When the North ‘American invosion took place, he enrolled in the ‘ormy. in 1855, in the Revolsion of Ayuta, he fook up arms as Captain of company that he formed himself and fought in Nuevo Leon, Zacatecas and San Luis Potos, When the French intervention began, he organized a brigade and joined the Army of the East in Aculizingo. He wos awarded the rank of Brigadier General for the important part he played in the Battie of Puebla, on May 5, 1862. He participated in the siege of Puebla in 1863 and though he was taken prisoner, he managed fo escape and fled to Orizaba where he joined Porfirio Diaz and helped him organize the Army of the East. When Oaxaca fell, he headed toward the border, formed the Army of the North and stotted recovering a great deal of Mexican temttory. He defected the French in Santo Gertrudis and continued his march toward the South, besieging Maximilion in Queretaro. This deed prompted Benito Juarez to name him Commander in Chief of the ‘my. After several batties, ne took Queretaro at the head of the Republican troops on May 15, 1867. He held the post of Governor of San Luis Potosi anc! Nuevo Leon, President of the Supreme Court of Milllary Justice and Minister of Wor in 1876. Itisinteresting to note that Mariano Escobedo was the only male person who lived to see his portrait on a banknote. EI Banco de Nuevo Leon Alidenominations, fromthe 50 centavos proof to the 500 peso note, bear he effigy of General Ignacio Zaragoza who ‘wos born in 1829 in Bahia de Espiilu Santo, Texas ‘and died of typhoid fever in 1862, Liberal from the beginning, he fought ‘ogainst Santa Anna ond Comontort in defense of the Consitution of 1857 ‘and the reform principals. Later he fought against the French, defeating and humifating them at Fort Loreto, Puebla. While he did not live long enough to see the uttimate victory over the French, he ‘was considered one of the great heroes of the country. El Banco Oriental de Mexico The image of Esteban de Antunano, who was bom in Veracruz 11792, and diedin Puebla in 1847, appears on all denominations. Being the son of Sponiards, at the ‘age of fen he was sent to Spain to study. Later, he spent several yeors in England where he became familiar with industrial work. In 1802, he retuned to Veracruz and began to work in commerce. He established himself in Puebla in 1816, after marrying a fich heiress who was the owner of important haciendas in the Valley of Atlxco. After serving in the Republican miltia he returned home to modemize the manufacturing industry. Despite opposition, he managed to successfully establish a seed separator plant in Veracruz and wo large textile factories in Puebla. A month before he died, the Congress of the Siate of Puebla deciared him "Meritorious Founder of the Textile Industry’ E1Banco de Queretaro The attractive portrait of a 10-year old child appears on the 10 peso denomination of this series. This graceful chid is Guadalupe Obregon, who ako ppecrs, ot an early ‘age, on another bank note (@ankolTamaulipas 5 pesos), thanks to her father who wos manager and charter member of both institutions. The 20 and 500 peso notes of this series bear the effigy of Juan Antonio de Umutia y Arana. Marquis of the Vila of Vilar del Aguila, He was a very wealthy ‘man, and he financed large public infrastructure projects. Probably the most important work he financed wos the equeduct, which is: stil standing "and which ‘appears on the backs of all the notes of this bank. The Aqueduct carried water from the fown of Queretaro to nearby areas. The construction began in 1726 and was completed in 1738, a2 The image of Josefa Ortiz de. Dominguez, betterknown as “La Corragicora” (me Corregidor's| wate) appears on the 50 and 1000 peso notes of this series. Despite hersevere: appearance in her portrait, her biographers desciibe her os a very beautiful woman. She was bom in 1768 in the city of Valladolid and ied in Mexico City in Apri, 1829. Forgotten formany years, it was not unt’ 1890 that she was mentioned logetner with the heroes of Independence. El Banco de San Luis Potosi The 5 ond 1000 eto notes of this series bect the portrait of Mariana Avista who was born in 1802 in the City of San Luis Potosi and died in 1855 on the high secs. At the age of 11 he became a cadet in the Provincial Regiment of Pueblo andlaterjoined the Lancers of Veracruz the Dragoans of Mexico and the Liberty Regiment with iturbide. in November, 1833, {8 Brigadier General, he was sent to the United States and returned home in 1834 when he was appointed a member of the Tribunal af War and inspector of the active militia, In 1846, he was called to fake command of the Army of the North and fought in the campaigns of Palo Allo ond La Resaca where he wos forced fo hand over his command fo General Francisco Mejia. He was so honest that he asked for a petition to judge his own conduct. The response to his pelition declared that there was ne reason fo prosecute a brave and honest soldier of Mexico. He wos Minister of War and Navy from June 12, 1848 until January 14, 1851 ‘On January 8 of that some year Congress appointed him Constitutional President and he took office on January 15, 1851. His performance was patriotic and honest. He made extraordinary efforts to impose morality in the freasury ond the amy. But insurrections took place and discontent became manifest. Aristo believed he wos the cause of the disturbances and resigned from the presidency on January 6, 1853. Ke retired fo his hacienda in Anacamilpa, but ue to Santa Anna's constant incursions, he was obliged toabandon it. A very sick man, he then left the country to reside in Seville, Spain. He died aboard the English steamer “Tagus" on August 7, 1855 during the tip to France in search of a remedy for his ines. El Bonco de Sonora All denominations of this bank, from the 5 to the 100 pesos, bear the image of a beoutiful young if known os Hortencla Coral Velez who was the daughter of Ramon Corral, one of the principal shareholders of the bank. He was governor of the State of Sonora from 1895 to 1899 ond vice- president of the Mexican Republic from 1904 til 1911 El Banco de Tabasco “la Malinche ‘oppears on the 5 peso note of this bonk, She wos believed to be bom in Coaizacoalces or applace nearby, around 1500. She was the doughler of a wealthy chieftain, When her mother died, and her father remaried, she was sok as @ slave, Hernan Cortes received her os a gift in Tabasco in 1519. Since Spanish was easy for her fo lea, and she had already mastered the Nahuail and Maya dialects, she acted as interpreter for Cortes. She gave birth fo a son of Cortes, who was the fist noble mestizo, Martin Cortes. On the eve of the catival of his wife from Cuba, Cortes married Malintzin to Juan Jaramillo. From this mariage a daughter named Maria, was bom, ElBanco de Tamaulipas General Juan Jose dela Garza appears ‘on the 500 peso note. He wes bom in Crus, Tamaulipas in 1826 and died in Mexico City in 1893. He studied ‘aw, and then dedicated himself fo the miftary. He achieved the rank of brigadier general by his thitieth birthday. As a Tiberal during the War of Reform, he fought against the French at the nerthem borders. He was governor of Tamaulipas and died in Mexico City.El Banco de Zacatecas The porttait of General Francisco Garcia Salinas appears on denominations from 1 through 500 pesos of this bank. He was bom on the Hacienda of Santo Gertudis, Zacatecas in 1788 and died in San Pedro, Zacatecas in 1841, He studied in the seminary of Guadalajara and returned to his hometown to dedicate himself to the mining industry. When the Wor of Independence ended, he was counselor of the Fist Municipal Government of Zacatecas during 1821. While a Senator in 1825. he pointed out serious fhancial errors fo the Ministry of the Treasury. Because of this. he was appointed Minister of the Treasury in the cabinet of Guadalupe Victoria, He held this post unfil 1828 when he was elected Governor of Zacatecas (1828-1834). n 1841, President Santa Anna offered him the post of Minister of the Treasury once again, which he relused shortly before his death, People knew him by the nickname of “Tata Panchito”, Nacional Monte de Pledad All denominations bear the portrait of Pedro Romero de Tereros. He was born in Cortegana, Spain in 1710 and died on the Hacienda of Son Miguel Regla, Hidalgo in 1781 It B said that he became the wealthiest man of his times. He enjoyed making donations fo schools, convents ond hospices. He founded the "Monte Pio de Almas" known today as the “Nacional Monte de Piedad” (National Pawnshop) ‘which began operation in 1755. In 1776, Romero de Terreros made a gift of a warship with eighty cannons to Chartes I Because of his excellent service to the Monarchy, the King conferred upon him the title of Count of Santa Maria de Regia (1768) and gave to his second and thicd sons ond their successors the tites of Marquis of San Francisco and Marquis of San Cristobal respectively (1774). It's said that Romero de Terreros invited the King of Spain fo vsit his properties in the State of Hidalgo to which the King replied thal he would nat lower himself by stepping upon the land of his colonies. Romero de Terreros fold him he would not step on ai single grain of earth since he would expressly build for the king, a road of sitter ingols leading from the Port of Veracruz to the State of Hidalgo. La Fabrica del Tunal This interesting seties of four notes dated 1884 ‘ond printed by the American Bank Note Company has a cifferent porirait on each note. The last Iwo have been Clearty identified. The portraits on the 10 and 25 centavo otes have not been identified, though they are probably relatives of the same family. Jose Fernando Ramirez Alvarez. who appears on the 50 centavosnote, was born in Hidalgo del Paral Chihuahua in 1804, and died in Bonn, Germany in 1871. He studied in the University of the State of Durango and in the University of San Luis Gonzaga in Zacatecas. He graduated os o lawyer in 1832. He participated in the organization of the Patriotic Society, "Friends of Hidalgo". He held public posts in the State of Chihuahua as wel as in the State of Durango (Ministerof the Cour of Justice). He was Minister of Foreign Affairs and of the Interior in Valentin Gomez Farias’ cabinet and in the government of Mariano Arista, In 1854, he declared himself in favor of the Plan of Ayutlo, for which he was exiled io Europe. Jose Femnando Ramirez, Je, who appears on the 1 peso note, was the founder of the textile factory at Tunal which issued the notes. He was the person who elected to use the portraits of family members on the notes. Estado de Chihuahua Issued by Miltary Decree of February 10, 1914, this series of one through filly peso revolutionary notes are better known by the name of “Dos Catitas" (two litle faces) in reference to the portraits ‘of Francisco |. Madero at the left and Abraham Gonzalez at the righ. Francisco |, Madero was born on October 30, 1863, at the Hacienda of Rosario in Coahuila, He studied in the United States and at the Licee de Versailles in France. He retuned to Mexico at the age of 20 fo reside in San Pedro de las Colonias and administrate his father's property in La Laguna. He was very dedicated to agriculture and ‘adopted modern cultivation systems. He founded o hospital and the "Escuela Comercial de San Pedro" and eslabished other benefits for his workers and farmers. He personally attended fo the well being of his employees and paid for the schooling of their children. In 1904 he became active in the politics of the State of Coahuiia where he wrote a number of articles regarding human rights, He wos an excellent orator and ‘was very active in the Parlicio Anti Reeleccionista (Ant Re-Election Party), which nominated him as presidential 23candidate, When Porfrio Dioz was reelected, Madero announced his "Plan de San Luis" on October 6, 1910, and called on the Mexican people to take up arms. He was subsequently taken prisoner and sent to San Luis Potosi, where he managed fo escape and then fled to the United Siates. The struggle had begun ond with the cid of Aquiles Serdan, Pascual Orozco and Francisco Vila, Madero returned to Mexican soil and was very active in several battles such as the one at Casas Grandes, Chihuahua, where he was wounded. When Ciudad Juarez fel, ihe government of General Dioz began to negotiate and, finaly, Diaz resigned. Madero was then elected president with Jose Maric Pino Suarez as vice-president. They took office toward the end of 1911. His presidency encouniered immediate difficulties with political interests ond general discontent. While Madero generally supported land reform, he was not as ‘aggressive os Zapata who proclaimed the Plan de Ayala with the motto *Land and Liberty", and conficts with Topaia began. Pascual Orozco turned against Madero jn 1912, The Antire-election Party had been dissolved by Madero, and its members were in absolute disagreement. Further, Madero’s international policies created problems with the United States. The Madero administration was being attacked on all sides and on February 9, 1913 the situation came fo @ ctisis with the coup led by Huerta ‘uring which Madero and Pino Suarez were taken prisoners and eld at the National Palace. On February 22, 1913, Victoriano Huerta ordered that Madero and Pino Suarez be taken ftom the National Palace to the penitentiary and along the way Huerta had them assassinated. The portrait appearing on the right side of the note is that of Abraham Gonzalez who was born in Ciudad Guerrero, Chihuahua in 1864 and died on February 28, 1913. When Madero began his opposition to Diaz, Abraham Gonzalez Joined forces and acted as Madero's delegate to the antive-election convention held in the Capital in 1910. During the revolution Madero appointed him Provisional Governor of Chihuchua. He wes Secretary of Internal Affairs in Madero’s cabinet, but lost this post when Huerta became president. When Gonzalez openly declored himself against Huerta, he was taken prisoner and, before being tried, he was assassinated in Mapula, Republica Mexicana - Gobierno Constitucionalista The portrait of Jose Maria Morelos y Pavon appears on the 10 paso note of this series The "Generalisimo" of the ‘Army of America was bon in the Cily of Valladolid [present-day Morelia} in 1745. Morelos feceived only an elementary education, ‘and went to work at an early age in aoriculture ‘and later leading mule trains from Mexico City to Acapulco, through the states of Michoacan and Morelos. In. 1790 he returned to Valladolid to study at the Colegio de San Nicolas which wos directed by Miguel Hidalgo. His studies ended in 1795 when he became an assistant af the parish in Urvapan, Michoacan, where he taught rhetorical grammar. In 1798, he became the parish priest at Churumuco and in 1799, he was transferred to the parish at Coracuaro and resided in Nocupetaro. When Hidalgo became the parish priest at Dolores, he began fo comespond with persons whose ideology was similar fo his own. One of these people was Morelos, who in 1810 came to see Hidalgo and offer his service fo the cause. Hidalgo, being well acquainted with the intelligence and idealism of Morelos, commissioned him to take fo arms. the south of Mexico. Thus began the miltary career of Morelos. With only a few men, Morelos took possession of Churumuco, Pelatian and Tecpan. in Tecpan, the Galeana brothers joined forces with him. When he entered Coyuca, his army had grown to three thousand men. After overpowering Chilpancingo, Tila nd Chiapas, he stopped at Tecpan where he organized the sinking of coinage, and combined military and administrative aclivities. Later on, he took Chiautla and lzucar, while his officers were attacking Oaxaca and Taxco. He Then took CCuautla, which brought the insurgent movement quite lose fo the capital of the Viceroyalty in Mexico City. By the end of 1811, Morelos controlled part of the provinces of Michoacan were the Galeana brothers, Guerrero, Bravo, Matamoros and Valerio Twujano. By this lime, Morelos was considered fo be the most serious threat fo the Viceroyolly, nd Calleja was commissioned to fight him. Calleja left Mexico City in February, 1812. and encountered Morelos in Cuautla. The siege of Cuautl, Puebla, Oaxaca and Mexico. Among his leutenantsa lasted over two months until Apr12, when Morelos broke the slege and headed toward Caxaca to help Valerio Trujano ‘who was under siege in Huojuapan. By joining forces they were able to defeat the Royalist forces once again. Then, Morelos marched on Tehyacan and the lly of Oaxaca, occupying the latter in November 1812. In August of 1813 he tock the port of Acapulco. He then eslabished the Congreso de Chiipancingo (Congress of Chilpancingo). The Congress wrote the actwhereby Mexico declared its independence and became a republic, Shortly thereafter he marched on Valladolid with an army of 20,000 men and over 40 cannons. Valladolid was defended by Iturbide and del Licno who defeated Morelos and forced him fo withdraw to Paruaran where he was defeated once again and where he lost one of is best officers, Matamoros. Morelos then retuned to the Congress and issued a document of great political, legal ond historical importance. The Constitution of Independent Mexico which was signed on October 22, 1814 in Apatzingan, The Constitution abolished slavery. gave the natives the right to receive rent for their lands ‘and created a new Mexican government. The members of the Congress of Chilpancingo decided to move to Tehuacan, and Morelos wished to escort them personaly. During the trip, they were attacked by the Royaliss and Morelos was captured by Matias Carrance on November 6, 1815 at Tezmacala, Morelos was taken fo Mexico City, judged by the inquisition, publicly stripped of his rank, and sentenced to death. He was shot by a fing squad on December 22, 1815 at San Cristobal Ecatepec in the State of Mexico. The City of Valladolid changed fs name to Morelia in homage to Morelos.Jalisco - Ejercito Constitucionalista Division de Occidente The portrait of General Romon Corona appears onal denominations of this issue. He wos bom in Tuxcueca, Jascoin 1837, ond was assassinated in Guadalajara, Jalisco on November 11, 1889. He ‘worked in business at an early age. but when the War of Reform began. he joined the Liberals as a lieutenant and after a number of battles, he became Brigadier General at the age of 28. He fought against the French with incredible valor, bility and clevemess, and was undefeated, While most of the states of the Republic were occupied by the French, the State of Sinaloa, defended by General Ramon Corona, was never conquered. Maximilian surrendered 10 General Corona at the Cento de las Campanas. When the war against the French ended, and when Lerdo de Tejada was president, Placido Vega and Manuel Lozada ‘organized on army of 15,000 men to take control of the country. and Corona, with only 1,500 men, defeated their ‘army. A short time later, he was appointed Foreign Minister of Mexico fo Spain and Portugal. Atter twelve years of ‘absence from his fatherland, he returned and was elected governor of Jalisco where he served from March 1, 1887, Until the day of his death, November 11, 1889. He was murdered by a madman named Primitivo Ron. a 22 year old student who committed suicide afterwards. El Estado de Sonora All denominations of this series bear the portraits of Francisco | Madero at the left and Jose Maria Pino Suarez ot the tight. Francisco |. Madero's biography is covered under Estado de Chihuahua. Jose Maria Pino Suarez was bom in Tenosique, Tabasco in 1848. He graduated trom low school and went to Yucatan to practice his profession where he became the manager of the newspaper, a Peninsuior’ He was a member of the Anti re-election Party ‘ond met with Francisco |, Madero when traveling through Yucatan on his fist presidential campaign. Pino Suarez ‘organized groups in Tabasco who pledged their loyally 40 Madero when he was taken prisoner in San Luis Potosi. Pino Suarez kept in constant touch with Madero at this time to inform him of the progress of the revolution in the states of Yucatan and Tabasco. When Madero got out of prison and became provisional president of the Republic, he appointed Pino Suarez Governor of Yucatan and a few months later to the post of Secretary of Justice which he held for a brief period of lime. The Partido Constitucional__Progresista (Constitutional Parly of Progress) elected Pino Suarez 10 the candidacy for vice-president and he was elected in November, 1911. No sooner had the new president and vice-president token office, when their enemies began to tlack the new administration and especially Pino Suarez. Asc result of the batlle of the Decen Tragica (Tragic Ten), Madero and Pino Suarez were forced fo resign on February 19, 1913. On February 22, 1913, Madero and Pino Suarez were assassinated while being token from the National Palace to the penitentiary in the Federal DistrictIMPERIAL AND EARLY REPUBLICEI Imperio Mexicano (The Mexican Empire) ‘deter of December 20,1822 Mesz sue a paper vey deromiations af, 2:and 10 pozoson January, 623. Agustin de Rie, ao wos prolemedEmpora Sf hesico on Maren 7, 1622 and whose ahve ere ended on Mach 19, 1823, Srcero hat no re paper roy of Meson baud cong fe eat eronoms es Serb war fo daperdence Pape te iraiiagnese by he pubic acsot ace ‘elescanrbdodts rap cowl. Thowe seu ioral documents, Asrest Seat feonsovrsy sien roar to eau. thoy x ey ao ey eet © feccnie becauee a ars mld on gral sacerpetanns ahs hestreal pored ot Be Fa Emaee of Maco. “Ie marty hese nates have een canceled by ans of @2nch ong ct ate seta. Urearecedrste re ruc scarcer More prog bck north ite pops nina aarti gs ITURBIDE ISSUES UN PESO. @ Muss268 promt pgar et onided te UH PERO ool ton arreglo al Decrao de20 de Diviombre § SG 15RD, totre cate onto, Mlnicn Tr de & Eno de 1823, i m0 a eR oe ea y N. EO, -Seore a MEXICANO @ cantidad de UN PESO 1b) PROF? 111828 0PMecninanovnl 500. 700. 1000. = ©) PROFS 111823 handwren cnedaton: ‘Nut Doras Whters(Goeated Omaca) 8. 20.10. 9 mors thitwratencetin “So tn > 3 Prone tijactwnatmecatinces >> G PRorts think umensecsenee = > amma > ‘DOS. a @ NM hogar EL IMPERIO MEXICANO a i ‘con arreglo al Decreto de 20 de Diciembre & de 1822, sobre este asunto. México 1° de = @ Bnero de 1823. 5 seaigp Tera Gr gewers ms PESOS oF UK 1223 Black on ahi, 152 06mm a) PROFS te23 eo. 180. 00 2D) Pores 111828, 0R-Leor nanoial 700. $00. 1200. ©) PRDRT 111828 nanawritn cancalaton, legend yrsizado, Curae. {8525 feaneter, mace) 75, 150,280 4 PROFS —\i1e20/win autcsnelaton as, 2a 9 PROFD T1128 unewshestord notes TSO. 1000, 9 PRORIO —11:1828 sheet of8 nts = ae = ® DIEZ PESos. Dor $ MN. 2013 + : : — IMPERIO MEXICANO a yromete pagar esta cantidad de DIEZ PE~ gs IOS con arreglo al Decreto de 20 de Di- & E ciembre de 1822, sobre este asunto. México & at ¥" de Enero de 1823. 3 By. Torr Gnt maa. 2 eee * = = = : = * a 10 PESOS FoF unc 829. ack on white 155% foam ay peor naaes 200, 300, 400. = 2B) PROF TARR wthestcanctaion gd. 250,350. Las Tesorerias de la Nacion (The Treasury of the Nation) ‘Aer iublée wa exe, th ney erred Repub dared th ‘money ithe sare doroinatore (1, 2 and 10 pesos) lawn on Be Nana! Treasury “hase ntes wer pred 7 the back of Papal Bul (Len auhorzatons) dated £818 are 1818 The note Dear ie dat of dete, Ap 1, 123, and date oss, May 5, 1823,$51823, ty eu cancliaion 551823, uncut aes of 2 ntes 551823 sheet o2 notes with cat tenestation 0 eo. = [are 227 mati ce faenny a sna pra ae Eas emma atest Min Mpa tos Se & I el y mie 2Pesos of me Mi eat asses woe Sele wmatcaneten Bo PROFS PROF @ PRorA) 554823 snestot nome wihcuk carcolaton @® ormeanrtatien ate Clarets eerie res eae Se i ie iy Oa / ey iz s0pesos ar a ee en seae saat in ek 1) PROF212 £51825 wi eutcanclcion ) PROF2IS 661823 Shea of 2 notes wihout 600, 1000. 1400, = 300. 3a. = M2120 PESOS "806 Com, Chaz del___Ch. at Redo, Se. WDE Poot WEXICg Less PESOS “iyi zz 100 PESOS oF xF unc N56 Cam, Chazal det _Ch. et Rodolphe POR Pier 2 5000,23200 PESOS. "866 Cam Chavaldel_—_Ch. et Rodel, $= INP-DF-SE Foor San Miguel el Grande “ho toning noes are coil es rnin 1813. The ae printed in black tre on mickwhe paper wh Ranourten signatures. They re creriybateved be the fee paper money seved n Meio, M30. MEDIO (i) REAL Foxe UNC PRGUAT —shly 1813—Date atop, 48x 4mm S00. 1,000. Zi N31 MEDIO (i) REAL or xr unc PRGUAS Aly 1813- Oateat botom, 40% ‘nm mo. 100. = = M32 MEDIO (%) REAL. PRGUAS © August 189,47 <4%mm Emprestito al Gobierno de Zacatecas Vale 500 Pesos (Public Loan to the Government of Zacatecas Worth 50( Pesos) Bll” at upper lot. Hancsignd by Sato Governor Francisco Garis Salinas dw cher. Back wih handuriten endorsement fom Passi art Ignacio Recoco fF xF UNC 500, 1000, 7 4s 500 PESOS oor PRACT 16537;3153% 306.1052. Sepa ‘nite paper 250 reAguascalientes — El Banco de Campeche - El Banco de Central Mexicano - El Banco Chiapas - El Banco de Chihuahua - El Banco de Coahuila - El Banco de Commercial & Agricultura — EI Banco de (Bank of Texas) Comercial de Chihuahua - El Banco Comercial Refaccionario de Chihuahua - Banco Durango - El Banco de Empleados - El Banco de Espanol Refaccionario - El Banco Estado de Chihuahua - El Banco del Estado de Durango - Banco del Estado de Mexico - El Banco del Guanajuato - El Banco de Guerrero - El Banco de Hidalgo - El Banco de Hidalgo Parral - El Banco de Hipotecario Mexicano - El Banco Industrial de Mexico - El Banco Internacional e Hipotecario de Mexico - El Banco Jalisco - El Banco de La Laguna - El Banco de Londres, Mexico y Sud America — El Banco de Londres y Mexico - El Banco de Mejicano - El Banco Mercantil de Monterrey - El Banco Mercantil de Veracruz - El Banco Mercantil de Yucatan - E] Banco Mercantil Mexicano - El Banco Mexicano - El Banco Mexicano de Comercio e Industria — EI Banco Michoacan - El Banco de Minero - El Banco MEXICAN BANK INDEX M51 M59 M203 M65 M69 M167 M179 mao M90 M331 207 453 94 M344 M395 M348 361 M368 M102 214 220 M223 M376 M188 M235 M271 M108 M424 M528 M539 M282 M118 291 M407 M128 Minero Chihuahuense - El Banco Minero de Chihuahua - El Banco Morelos - El Banco de Nacional de Mexico - El Banco Nacional de Texas - El Banco Nacional Mexicano - El Banco Nuevo Leon ~ El Banco de Oaxaca - El Banco de Occidental de Mexico - El Banco Oriental de Mexico - El Banco Patricio Milmo - El Banco de Peninsular Mexicano - El Banco Queretaro - El Banco de Republica Mexicana - El Banco de la San Ignatio (Ignacio) - El Banco de San Luis Potosi - El Banco de Santa Eulalia - El Banco de Sonora - El Banco de Tabasco - El Banco de Tamaulipas - El Banco de Veracruz - El Banco de Yucateco - El Banco Zacatecas - El Banco de 141 M151 M415 M295 M192 M307 M432 447 mag95 M457 441 M554 M473 M318 M503 masa M158 M507 M513 M519 M537 M563 M572STATE OF AGUASCALIENTES - AGU Aguascalientes - El Banco de ‘he Banco de Aguaecalntes Bogen operations on August 20, 1902, wih a cantata of 520 00 pasos, n ton ote man fice nthe ly of Aguasesonts, there was tranctin Guncaar, Jalen. The pve of Peso Joso Grea Rojas fst [Govarhr otha Pdr! Tory ofAgunecatentes "836, pearson a onto Ne Sand 000 peso note, AE dencriatna bara eproduton of fe church of Son Maroc, 9 ‘Aguasclanoson he rots ané the petal of 9 ayy warn nth cant the backs, tri8te hen the fer! govrrmen eran ful compliance wit the At of 1897 and ‘he Bank realize ths coud nat done, fount) wert cute business. Aros Wore pret by he Arion Sane Nee Compan. Ms. 20PES08, co oF xr une The tract oe Cua s known on l droits bo he Nor RAINS wo iyi nee iio pet fp a eae nemmeriaamaes (asi is tbo Ren commen snaes pose rae whichis krownin ahr ga &) BkaGuts Siano6tsor we fo oT 8) BRAGUIE Orci (a) 165.087 Denomination _Ratty Iecuod Note Comments Sona oean oe ts. om = . issued ae 4) BGAGUAS Omcuncaler ach) Sexo e ly FR 9G prea ari 2, 15408 a ore 5 Hoeanie ©) 9xGU-I6 Olpsucta en Guod Zoe $ Uacaty FR io Bronee to. == Sahoo R Una Fe S ©) okacbs C1710 a @ BRAGUA — OPPGuadalare 415.408 ‘10.02 20. 99. = = 5) BKAGUS — Spacmen 160 2) BKAGUS — Proof 120, Ms5 100 PESOS GF ox UNC "1902-1907 ABNG. 184 82mm - Regular eaves wihandwrtion sgnatrce a) BKAGUZZ | AY.IDOE.3403;A4.1003 300. 1600. Dd skacues B1S07 780, 1400, 2.800, ©) BKAGUZ4 OP-Gundasgjra A158.08141005 750. | 250, 5) BKAGU25 — Speaman 220. BP) BKAGUZSS Pree! ‘0, sz 10PESOS 202-1010 AENG, 184 x mm — Rogulariesues wp so 300 PESOS oF xf uN 1802 ABNG, 14 82am -Rogulr sus whandwitenvnatures 3 dacs soi Wo ag 2 ph genauze aroun = -_ 3 Benes enzo mo. HS 0 es Pe 3 BAe to Speman cost 3 Beacuzrs Tons astsanas fon m0. = ®) BEAGUI Specimen BD) BKAGUTIS. Prot 36usr 1000 PESOS GF xF une (ND) ABNC, 184.82 3) BKAGLI9 Specinen 3000 DB) BKAGU2S Poo! 2200. STATE OF CAMPECHE - CAM Campeche - EI Banco de “This bark was founded on Juno 18,1908 wih capital o 500,000 patos. At setes were paied oy he American Bank Note Co. The sla aoa emis appaar on he {fonotal cenommatone, brenen otoas were apenostn ils so Heselchasan, Cue cet ‘Camon, Morsa and Lapua e Termine. hen the Rata Act 1908 care io oect ‘ovang\ssung Bane to became loan Banks ne Bene of Campa Vlutay ve e ‘aha eavo noes ana became oe Bark. The 20 peso nota sown who rae ‘herpnt at Mensa The sno kronm eased 80 Sno 100 pos oles oe pun ene Denomination Ray arty Issued Nots Comments fesued SPPr 5 Pero R vs Peso a vs 20Per0 XR vs s0Peso xe R (sued Known M0 Peeo XR te {na esi known ‘dontiiod Signatures (Garon: Josqan Care Toba Prien. Pemendo Tuebe Fomento M6010 PESOS co oF 1903 ABNC, 184 82m -Ropurosves wired sgntiros xF UN a) akcaus 817.03 "3000. 5.000. 8,000, 3) BKCAM —Specmnon 00 DD BKCALAS Proot 38 mei 20 PESOS cor uN "802-1006. ABNC, 184 x mm - Regular ones whandwition ignatre a) BKCAMS "OPP Sususal on Meds C27.08) i703 S000. 9000, = 9) BK CAMS Specenen 190 PD BKCAMES Poot +90 e2___ 50 PESOS oF x uw 1900 ABNC, 14 Bm 3) BKCAWSS 1003 NIP-Achivo Barco Nacional de Mono a 2 = 5) BKCAMT — Specnen 250 DD BRCAMLS Poot = so 5 PESOS 6 oF xf UNC "803. ABNC, {88> 2mm - Regular sues warned sonatres a) RCA AT7OD "800. 5000, 3) BRGAM2 Specimen on. B) BECAMZS Proof m0. Mss 100 PESOS oF uN 1909 ABNG, 184 an O° Beant Th NPAC Banco 9) soma Specimen ~ 300 3 aeons Pot 200 STATE OF CHIAPAS - CHIP Chiapas - El Banco de Tuxtia Gutierrez “The Sanco de Chiapas was oundecon Sepember23, 101 inTuxta Guten wth a capa of 500000 pasos. On kne 2, 109, merged wh he Banco Oven Mexico, Rhadbranchofesin Comtan,Pctweacn, San Cristobal Sincjove, Socom “epechula, and Tonala Alneoe were pnd te Searican Bank Noe Conpery. Ne re knoun wh oversDenomination Ray anity Issued Note Comments ‘Peso ve ve aPeeo ve R 20Pes0 s R ‘Specimen and Prot On \dontnes signatures rosin Water Eveet: J. Breuchiey Serena Fromort Evora Ramil Famera inenertor de Gabe: Co Conia. e720 PESOS oF xF unc ARNG, 184 82mm 5) BKCHPS. Specimen 20. DD BKCHIESS Proot 200. STATE OF CHIHUAHUA - CHI Chihuahua — El Banco de “his bank was founded by Hlnch Mlle only 28, 874, ad operated ut 1200, wen tas atzobed by El Banco Mineo, Ista fc bari of ns lo ei te ‘Slate of Cinushua. Te Chuan State charter of he Bark was converts 0» fdr ‘ne unter the {884 Ins tho Bank wae allowed W sta 25 sed 50 colave ros a8 Denomination Ray Ratity Iesved Note Comments tenued SPF Series 1 NBC Printer 2emriae xR (one Pret Known s0.¢entv0 R ve Usual righ grade Peso R wR ‘erage VO Series 2ABNC Printer 25 Cento s vs Usualy Ve os SPESOS GF XF UNC Facenive vs R Usual S 1002 ABNC, 164 x 2m - Rogue sues whined signature ‘Peso vR R ‘sly Gv 2) okcript aizz0e 72800. 6.000 Sree * Va 9) BKCHP2 — Spocman 120. {aPeso R wR BD SKEHP-2S Prot 0. apes ve Scien and Proat oly {Cortada Markt Manus! Cuz Intonontr del Gebem Miquel Anumads ‘SERIES 1 - NBC PRINTER Meo 25CENTAVOS. © oF oF unc ARCHOS Proot Pe 56 10PESOS GF oxF une 1802-106 ABNC, 184 x samen - Regul ssues wien signtire 3) BkOMPS A207 8508 72:00. 4000, 7,000. 3 aoripd Specimen 1.800, D)_BKCHPAS Pro! sho. 20 QVEINTE PESOS V2ISTES 20 38M70 SO CENTAVOS GF xf UNC 1875 NBC, 155 x mm = Repvarissues wt pnd and 1 Nandwriten signature 3) BKGH Too ‘i000. 2000."3000" - M754 PESO. GF xf UN 2) BKCAHS Prot = Om 508 “859 ABNC, 132 81mm -Repuarlasues wiped sortie ) excHig Ate “200, 2000, = 3) BKCHLS —OrP-Banco Mero de Chiuanua 300 1.600, 2.500, 5) BKCHLIO —Specinan ot son P) BKCHIIOS Prost M71 1PESO XF UNC 1814 NBC, 186 7onen «Rogar isuns whandurten snes Bache Ata7e "W250. 2,500, 3,50, SERIES 2~ABNC PRINTER M73 25CENTAVOS oF xu | MeaNO OS oF ne 1689 ABNC, 11 x Sem - Regu ieses wiped snares oO oRcrnt04 089 2.000, 5.000 3 excrs aieas 20 400. = =} BSH Specinon 00 5} SKCHS Specimen $82) BKCHIEIOS Prot 200, BRCM Poot 25 M74 SocENTAVOS GF oF UNC "889 ABNC, 125 x Simm Regul ieeus wirntedsgnatiros a) BkcH8 arsed 400. 600, = = 3) BkoH? — Gpecmen 700 PP BKCHLTS Prot 7710 PESOS 6 oF xf unc "889 ABNC 2) BKCHIO7 A1880 2.000, 5.000. 5) BRCHLIO® Specimen 200. 2200 2) BKCHLIOS Pros! 397a 20PESOS oF Func "280 ABNC 3) BCH Specimen 3300 B) BKCHLLS Prox 2300. Comercial de Ci This tankobisined tha coossson fhe Banco de Santali 1608, twas tounded by lgnate Macenas and his rhe Temas operated ntl 1800 ua ws tions Elonce nero Al regs ware ros by the Aercan Bank Nole Co, New ‘Yon The grat st Mgual idlgoy Cosa appoats on ts ron ofall denominations. A ran fie useopona in Goes Paice. In 7887 te mgend on ine higher vee ates Mtoe chonged em “En Monada de lta Dal Cuno Moxicano'to“ALa Pa, En Etech “Tne Gomez Pola branch ovepirt nnn en 5, 10, 20,50 and 100 ps0 ahua ~ El Banco Denomination Rasy arity Iesued Note Comments feeued ‘SPF 25.cenino ve R Usual FR-G So Canine 8 R verage Pee R vs Ussaty ERG Peco. R Rg Usvely PRG fa Peso R R Usual PR = 20 Pes ve & Keown F-VE Ea Peso R Rg verge S 400 Peso ve R Gauaty PR-V S00 ese WR ‘Specknon and Prot Only Ieentied Signatures Dheclor ana Macenue rsdn! Tomas Netarus; Ennigue Crt (eon: dora M. Fane Frarvntrdel Goer: Mel Ahumads wz oe Ms 25 CENTAVOS 6 F xe unc "220 ABNC, 120 x S55nm- Regular isues wiped sgnaures a) acchis36) AiBee 60, 278. 500. 3) BRCHL355 Specman 2. DB) BECHLIS6 Poo 8 40 Core f7 Reeees 54 6) ree et S0.CENTAVOS oF xF UNC ‘889 ABNC, 120 x 55mm -Repuarlsues wiped satus fy acchitar. Aiooe 2. 480, S00. = 3) BKCHIS75. Spscmen 0. P) BKCH-I378 Proot sa, mez 1 PESO oF x unc 860 ANC, 162 6Tmm -Reguar issues wlrnied and handurten gnatres a) BKcri1s8 Tees 0 eo nA). 3) SKCHKI985 Specimen 49. DB) BKCHEISE6 Proc? rs a en & mss 5PESOS GF oxF UNC Ye83-1800 AENG -Regur sues wired and handwrtonSnatres| a) awcetes3e AD 108; 1807080, 188, 1866, ‘200. 460,900, 1800, 1b) BKCHEMO OFP-Comer Palade 205 9898 teesae 500, 1.000. 2 |) BKCHLMOS. Specimen 1200 BD BKCHLIAT Proot 780.5) 6 es SPEaMED © DL es 10 PESOS CF xr UNC mas S00 PESOS oF ote 1009 ABN Reo ies white nd haven Soatuns tte Aone a ceiaae a tae Soon 180. a) ec Speinn 3200 3) aco Grcumer Pasco toa tun a Beam pot Sm sonoma 200, 100. 2000. = 3) momen Prost 12 Comercial Refaccionario de Chihuahua - Banco This bank was founded on Mey 29, 1902, wth a cata! of 200.00 pesos. “hough Eneiqu Cre wae he porson behind th ban, acu goverent approval was ‘yard to Albena Terrazas, Eduardo Cully an Joaquin Cota’, l lates of Coa ana Sr oved mel Banco Minoo, Rwas auhorzea sue cashier Dons (Baros de Cae) {po 1000000 posoe:Dancniratone of 10, £00, and 1000 peso ote ware ped by ‘Ameren Bank Note Gortpany. Only 88,000 pesos these bonds were issued and Eubeequenty redsomed. Onl remands and specimens are kur Denomination iy arly tesued Note Comments 100 Peso xe R 00 Peso ve Rg 1000 Paso a Rg Mes 20 PESOS oF xr unc TEB7-1899 ABN - Regular esues whandwitn sfnctros 2) ak-CHL- 438 1800 18981698 00. 1200. 2200. — 2B) BCH CrPsGomex Plas 881847 $9 se6 19.70.98 269 00, 1200. 2200. = 8) Bk CHEI4AS Speamen 1700, B) BRCHIIEES Proo! 100, ‘ms0 100 PESOS oF xf unc (ND) ABN. 41m excririss. Reminder = 700, 1900. 4300 3) BKCHIASSS. Specman 10 Mss 50 PESOS GF xF UNC 1888-808 ABNC, 184 82mm -Reguarlsves whanditon sgnatiroe BK-CHEI4S' AL 1880 1898: 1600, 750, 1.300. 2500, 2) BKCHES OP-Gomez Palacio 81.508 2x08 0, 1400, 2600, Bk-CHIBS Specimen 100 BK CHEER: 20, M9100 PESOS © oF oF UNC (ND) ANG, 2343 108mm = 1 BkCHI58. Remainder = 700, 100.1500. ms7 100 PESOS GF ox unc BRCHEIETS Specimen ee 168 ABNG -Reglar asus whandriten signatures a) aKcHiMee A tee 1.800. 3000. g 2D) BKCHLta? OP Gomer Palacosi9899 1.500. 3.000. = 3) aKCHL47.2. Specmen BP OKCHESa7 Pres! a“1018 ABNC, 10. 8mm Regular issue wiped signatures a) acrid, Ata 12 18 m0 8) BCH 14031913 Uncut shoot 4 notes 2D eo 3) Bkol14a5 Specmen 60. B) BRCHLIA06 Prost 5. 1000 LUCE 92 1000 PESos GF xF UNC (ND) ABNC 1 aKCALIS® Romaine 700, 1000.800. yay 20 PESOS @ apie 9) BKCHHI99 Specimen Yao ANG 19 cea Rguares ipod sentes Estado de Chihuahua — El Banco del 9) BKCH-I505 Spocman wn. 3) BRGH-S08 Proot 8 Banknotes isund by decree of Decomber 12, 1913, were pried by he ‘svrican Bark Neto Co, Afough the bak operated 2 rdimontary way trough Be ly corr by Vales rc nave les ee ce. Tse nots ars analy sail and bear no sigsive at eer ade, ion Ratty asty Issued Note Comments Rm Proof Ony e 8 amen fs CU e 8 omen n CU 2 vs oman n CU § vs Semcerincu 8 vs Sewer nL mse So PESOS 6 FoF uN BTS ABNG, 1803-82mm -Ragulrosues whpreted signatures 3) axceist A119 0, 78. 150 2D) Sk-ca1s2 1843 Uncut ehest ot notes eso 3) SKCHI525. Specimen ‘80, P) AKCALIS28 Proo! too, os 1 PESO GF xf UNC 99 100 PESOS GF oF unc 1913 ABNC, 180 2mm -Regularisues wird sgnatues 2) BecHieIss. Ar919 30. 60. 125, 250. 3) BKCALIERS Spcmen 20 DD SKCHIASSS. Proot 0 Ws 5PESOS oF OXF Unc 1818 ABNG, 180 xBa2nm - Regu issues wiped sora a) akcriiaa Aro19 = 58 0 2D) BKCHI433 1913 Unou shel or é noes = 100. 3) BkCH-89. Spocman Bs DP BKCHENSS Proc Es ‘M100 500 PESOS GF oF UN "OTS ABNC, 150% 82nm -Reguaresuee wnt signatures a) BKCHIABN ATID 75. 125. 250. 450 3) BKCHIS4S Specmon 2. DP BKCHIASLS Pros! Bas Hidalgo ~ El Banco de ‘This bark was founded on Januay 4, 183 by Samuel Mller. Al notes were Sone ard sued 96 10 PESOS. GF xf uN 2Denomination arly Rarity tasved Note Comments as cantvo a va Usuy scene oe ve Usual S 1 Pee om va Usuay 0Peco a ve (sued Known 102 25 CENTAVOS or 1883 HLBNC, 115x607 - Regular esues wits signatures 2) BkcHI2s ” Aress ‘008, 1500. 2800, — 3 Bkon-t2s4 Specimen 750, B) BRCHLI25S Proc! Ey xP unc ios so CENTAVOS: oF xF une EE2_HLENG, 118 Gonm-Regularssves wipe igntres a) BkcHi20 aiaas ‘000. 7500, 2500, 3) BKCHI28 Speemen 1.00, PB) akcH127 Proot "50. M1061 Peso E85 HLONG, fe47anm- Roque uos wed snares a) akcisi20 tees "800. 2500 = 3) Bccte-120 Specimen 1.800, p) BKcH 309 Prost 100, W105 5PESOS oF XF une "B85. LENG — Wore slonatures 3) BkcMat ates 200, 4000. = 5) BKOH-Is2_ Spocmon 200 BD) BRCHLIS25 root ‘00 M106 10 PESOS ‘883 HLENC a) acchiasze Aiea 350, 5000. 3) BKCHII99 Specimen 3000 P) BKCHIAS Pros! 2am Mejicano - El Banco This bank wes founded on March @, 1878, by Fok Franaco Maooya, Lus Terrazas, Actonie Arnot, Ramon Lian ul aude, and hlgus Soe, ie a opt ot 77,000 esas Tho Sera potss worsened by De Natera Bark Not Co, The Sees 2 eos ore pid bythe erica Ban Nets Ce, In 1888, he Bank change be eating ‘te name fo Banco Metean, “The Sets 1 roles wer reprints by th Rmanean Dank Note Company sing the orginal tes rom fe Ratna Bank Nae Company. Tho patos wore lar Feud releence mar (a umber wen a erse) when woul deny the Nios ste ‘acon pining by ABNC. On he 25 centavo nate he symbole a the ond of Mace) Sonu On he 60 centave nets eapeene ator ponadr. One 1 peo at opens ‘won above he sores eer. nadston, the apiaved 25 canta noe nav oor rl ‘at sus. Sore of te repo 25 coin notes ate seer Wt Ro sho lat 62,576 wore deleted fe Dane wehout numboroa, Denomination Rarity Ranty Issued Note Comments fseuea SPE Series 1 NBNC Printor 25 centae c s known Ure s0.erare s 5 Gonerly E Peso s vs Mest i Grode Series 2 ABNG Printer tee ® R 2s aR WR ‘one leeuod Kaw Seo wR va {OP eso aR ve Tue Keown maPese : ve Spedinen and Poot Only etiie Signatres Protdone, Pate Francico Maceyra CConador: Ramon R jn ‘SERIES 1 — NBNC PRINTER M108 25 CENTAVOS: XF UNC ‘878 120% 550m 2) aiectiiae "1878 wit ser a, 400, 175 8) BKCHL22§ ARNG second printing for rent ‘ith sybalin background 2%, 100. 5 ©) BK-CiH22 ANC second pnting rept {ethyl endo sera number 20. 40,80, 150, 2) aK.cit2a8 Specmen 100. D) BKCHIDN roo! 0 M109 SO CENTAVOS. oF 1878 120% 58m 3) BeChings” 1878Gromnealn undorpame 125,250. 600 1D) BRCHI258 1878 Orange seam underpin 125, 280. 600, =©) BKCHLZ5® 1878 ABNC second png for opine win symaclnbackound 128. 250,600, — ) BkcHI2 — GleBaopiasfrgered) Tere) 250.500 =m 3} Bkorizes Speomen 0 Dy BKOH266 Prot 150 M15 10PESOS 6 oF xf UNC 1653, 173: lm = Raguar sues wii Signature. 2) BKCHI) 1889 ‘4000, 7,000.10000. = 3) akcchians Specmen 2300. P) BKCH04 Proot 200 mito 1 PESO 6 oF OF UN 1878 150% Cone a akcHer” ALiere 250, 650, 1900. 2) BRCHLZ73 RLTBTBABNC second prin for ‘spit win symbatinbaciground 250, S50. 1,100, =~ 9) K-cH275 Speciren 00. P) BKCHOTS Prot ‘eo, SERIES 2~ ABNC PRINTER M116 20PESOS oF xf UNC 3) 8KCH308 Specinon 3300. P) BKCHI08 Proot Bann. Mexicano ~ El Banco ‘The Banco Mejeana' changed he speling oft name to "Banco Mexicano in 1880 ond iaued a new serie of Sak Pres prints by the Arca Gark Note Ca. Tho Bank wat sbsopbed by E1 Bano Miran 1856. mri 1 PESO GF OXF UNC Denomination Ray Racy Issued Note Comments 1002150 7S - Rept ees wiped irate fue Seer a) axcki2s” ABTEES 100. 2800. 4,00. 25ceniav0 3 5 Usa =F 3 Becti2e4 Speomen 220. Seenave 3 vs Usa ow ore 2) BKCHZS Prot 1500 tpeno vs vs 2heso R R Sew ar R Us PR Io FR ae tooo ve R Unaiy RFR oe a ve ye oR va dont Signatures (Gero Miguel Salas, Antonio Asunsole ajo: Ramen F Lion Inrvnior dal Gobems: M.G. Granados Mita 2 PESOS SF OXF UNC 003 a) akcHaas 1009 3000. 5000. = 3) BKCH287 Spociman 3200 2) BKCHL288 Prot 2300. mise 5 PESOS SF OXF UNG "003,164 x Tare - Regular esues wipes signatures 2) akcen2s” Ct8e 000, som, = = 3) Bk-CH20 5 Spearman 3300. D) BK.CH2A8 Proot 20. 8 25 CENTAVOS. GF xr UNC 1805. ABNC. 1°2x Sm Regul sses wiphrtod sigratre a) achise te S. 106. 278, 3) EKCHS — Specman 20. P) BKCHSS Prot ‘28Mri. 50.CENTAVOS: © oF xf UNC "E68 ABN, 12¢x 2mm Repuor exuee wrntbe sanaios a) Berge xteoe 300. soo, 900, = 9 BRCHI35 — Spocman &. 2) BKCHII6S Poot m8. M120 1PESO oF xf UN 1888 ABNO, 198 Tren -Rogular issues wipriodsgraturos 3) eKCH ST AT888 300. 600, 1200 = 5) SKCHIS8— Sposmon ss. D) BRCHISES Proot 380 i212 PESOS GF oxF UNC "B88 ABN Regular sues wntred signatures 3) BKCHO0ATB8e 2500. 4,500 5) BKCHO — Secmen 2500. PL BKCHA05 Prot ‘00 122 _ SPESOS GF OXF Unc "888 ABNC, 19x 7am -Resuarlerves wiped sont a) BkcHiat Ave "2500. 8.000. z 3) BKGHI41S Specimen 200. 2) BKCHIAIS Prest 2000. m12310PESOS. ee xe unc 1885 ABNC~ Regu sues wiped signatures 3) akcia2 arena soo, 5000, = 3 acotiaes Speamen 200. PD BKCHIA26 Proot 2000. 124 20 PESOS a oF xP unc "858 ABNC, 177% Biren - Regu esues writes sgnaties 3) BkcHias Aiea "3800, 6.000 e 3) Beccles Specmen 0m. 2) BKCHIasS Proet 220. 125 soPESOS oF xf unc a) ak-cHiaS AtBsS 4,000, 9000 ~~ 3) axons Specimen 20. P) BKCHI6S Proot =m. 45Oe rece eet M126 100 PESOS @ oF oxF UN 1 AENC = Regu sss wine snatires a) BKoHAT ates 000, 5000. = = 5) BKCHA0 Specimen m0. PP BKCHABS Pro! 2m. Minero — El Banco in 1888, te Sanco Miner Chiuahuonse changed ts name to =) Banco Mloero. Engin C. Creal an i aera Ls Tears manages o make his ark the moat poner in ethan Mexico. lol ho Ste barks of Chia Wor foead fo ‘cose when foe ance Mineo began io by pte paper money sue bythe er Banks, thas becaing fa ny bank of eave nthe lata, Motes were pinto by the American Bank Not Co. The insos ofthe bank ae divided no Seen The team 18 to "807 boars ho logand “PROARA A LA VISTA AL PORTADOR EN MONEDA DE PLATA DDELLCUNG MEXICANO” (vil psy on St o tbe nese n loge tender stver conage of Nesiso). The second, sued rm 169 fo 1914, bors he ager," PAGARAALA VISTA [ALPORTADORALAPAR EN EFECTIVO™ (vl ay on sight the boar in cas). The 1 peso donorinaton bears the sary legend fwaughout bah peas. Branch ofteos Were ‘pened oie he Sten Game? Palacio ane Hameo th 1910 El Sanco Minar sued the Wat commemorate Banknotos of he ‘wor, § and 10 pesos notes commamerang ho ontorna of te TE10 Revouen 1815, when foced wih the acy of broghng er malate reeeres up Yo equa anders the Bonk refsad 1 et aosuntng ato orev aed rat! was ‘resles Notes oth ery series (188-1857) re scarce and gen apps in low ‘zades. The svasblly oh ate sees (1208-7914) much eater a denormnatons thay maybe obtained igh grades, usualy dated 7994 Al of tem ae St to ‘bfon im nerd candi, n Kare 1908 he bar's Cnhaahus oes wera reo, frobaty ane job. The bank recalled al $1,000 peso nos ad nthe folowing ‘fon evalcned mony oF she value oes which explains ne mine verte, Denomination erty Retty Issued Note Comments tesved SPIPr 2 centro vs vs Eaty-Gonaraly FR oF some vs ws Esty Gonetaly FR F ‘ese ve c {ite koown hh grade SPerocentinane R veusty 6-F {OP eso Cantos R Konmnintghe sd Beece € 5 50 Peso © 8 {00 Pasa € s 000 Pena mR atom ony damit Signatures Gerers: Enrque ros Juan A Coa Inlerorior ol Gabor. M1. Granados: A. Marine: R Cull JM. Agutr Hemandez: Caen ane Consors: Luis Terszas ok Matin alone M28 25 CENTAVOS s 1886 ABNC, 118x 6mm Rogar esuos wip saree 200. 2 acchier ABctaes “0. 5) skcHeso Specmon PD BKCHIEE Prout 129. so.CENTAVOS 6 "886 ABNC, 118x mm Regular issues write sates 3) BK-CHITO ATES “0, 3) BCCHLTT Specimen P) BKCHITIS: Proot 80, 600 280 1130.1 PESO oor 8GE-1014 ABNC, 1963 6orm Rega sues wiped signatres a) exon Ales 100,225, >) BKCHLTS Brees v0, 300, 3) aKcHiM Cra05 ‘o, 80 OD BRCHITS KE 23416, 206.5 Frome 77MGLG — 10 16, 5) BKCHLTE_ Speomen ~ Pp) BKCHITES Prost XF UNC 490. amt 2 a. Mist SPEsos o 1856-1914 ABNC, 167 x Tarn - Regular issues wiped sgnatires a) BKcuTT AteoS . 2) accuirs Breas 2. ©) AKCHITS —Ateo6 2. ) axcuiea — Brear 2. .9) Bechet Bechee a) Secu ce1a6e-1000 mn 0 Sasoowe 139998670099 2 4. 2o.tonr: 10-20200%, 12.18.020% aaron 0 0 = ‘AAPA; ASD-URG AB. US; AS2.U52 Sratinnesating 314.46 Dead Bata 1816 0 0 40 Girechinustua 11.0005 ‘Sones 28 1.0303; 214.0404 254.0804 188.080804, 78.4.0504; 32 10.0808 2020502, 30,12080808 1.20806, rB.0806 9.70808 991 oF Siitowee, 206 0707, 28807, 2508 0707, 288 0707, 91.0808; feaago, 1812 10M0 2812400 aint ae GFP Gomer Palacio OE 167000 nem 00. 200, 2 GP Hermastlo 8:3.03; 24.803 200s oe GIP HermostorChtaunue 3.3.0 ovon zeae, 2580000 40. 2) BKCHBS Specinen 8. DD BKCHLE®.S Prot %. ny Beoniae 9 skcnies aD BKCHIES w ekomer 9 BkcHLEB 192 SPESOS _CENTENARIOISSUE = GF 1810 ABNG, 169% Par - Regular sues wiped sipnaires 2)” Bkccri.a0 “SV8 OP-1810 Centanaa 10 100. 300, 7,000. %) BECH.005 Specimen 4.000. Dy BKoHS08 Prot "m0. he 193, 10PESOS GF xf uN 1888-101 ABNC, 18x 2mm -Regwar issues wiped sgntures 3) kcrens Ateee 75.180. 5) SecHiat Bia57 7s. 10 : ©} BeCns2 — Cre0e:DrE0e,r9orteD9 a ‘eo Becules | a.nu2rate. 237.10 1816 zor fo 40, 78, 180, ©) BKCHIOS — OPPchhianua 13.4.0305: 162.04 (Ber0.20409; 40616 110.0606; ‘44.000 16 3.1070; 1631070; iasaen teat 388.0 saatina:aia.iana ws, 100 1 aKcHLS — GiP-Gomex Palac0 20.200 75.180 = © .BRCHOS OP HommoaeChhuahue 21.0303 75, 180 5) “BeCHIOT — Speamon 10 5) BRGHIBTS Prot "2. M334 40PESOS CENTENARIOISSUE GF 110 ABNC, 188 x Barn Regul issues wpa signatures xP une 2) Baccriita S354 OP 110 Contomao 10 #50. S50. 900, 1.60, 3 akctitess Specimen #000 PP BKCHIGRS Poot "0. M195 20PESOS 6 Foxe unc “1088-1014 ABNC- Regular less 19661013 whanduratan Sonatas; 1914 wer=, gatos fy BKCHoG Aves ws. a. == BD Bchigns Giese. ciem-esoyoogs «200, 00. 9) BKCHLIOO AroR-to;Aza.UN, A1zut2, Biaiasnaerii 257i 40. 80, 160. 275, @ AKCHiIOT OP-crnuahve 9.708608; 24 12.0808; 24, 208083 Zr gON0, Year eat au yaqanay24arat3 0, t00. 200 ©) 8K-CH102 OP :Gomae PalosorChmuahue 0608 87.06/03; 82.06, 05/03; 23.08 $31:3089 7.06085; 9.6.0807.08 5) BK-GH109 Specimen ° 10, By BKCH:035 Prost 10.m136__ 50 PESOS oF xr unc 1865-1014 ANG, 184 x 6am - Ropu issues 18881813 whancotten signatures 10M wiened egies a) aRcHioa As8ae 400. 700, 2B) SKCHiT0S Beads; 1.10.08 5.12005 620201; 20.2.0703, 21720808; 2220201;2020703; 274.1070 200. 600, ~~ RRATUT LLM 31114 wae 20. 360 OP -Crnuanua A9.3.088; 263.08 0, 12.0908 a OF -Caruansa 05.12.08, "aoe 26-4020 2073, 266.0000, 20,0820.2.07108 ‘gc rtrto, 20.2.2 230. so. 3 BK.CHL109 | OIGonezPaodo 2660000 380.750. BRCHLIO0S OiP:Gomes Paisserchiahus 2020700 2350. 750 koH-t10_Spocmen 20. PRCHITOS Pret 250. @ aKcH106 s ek-cH 107 2 BCH 108 es ze mi27 100 PESOS oF xr unc “826-1014 ARNG, 121 x A2nm - Regular nus 1868-112 whancdurten sonar: {ttm satires 2) BCH ates a 5) SKCHEIS: Biesr.c 13.598; 05 590 ‘98 a. 0. = 6) okcHeN2 117.01;2070001; 02: 117071 on 0. = 1 BKOHMS SV.AS 2591416 212.4; man aaid 50, 350, 600. = ) BKCHEE —OFP-Chinuahue 1 20300; 31408) Se 258.0700; 20407070 Bape angie 1720908, 41309; 263.0868, 184.08 2:1 oamna, 3.08102 253 cae 31.3069, 107.0887 94.0909" 8 at eonoa, 14208 144.087 fais: 27 tone; 2112250, 480. 800. — 9 BKCHLIS —OP-Suc Del Banco Minato 167.08) Bons 250, 500. == 9) SKIING OPGonerPainio 2440897 300. 60. f) BKCHLNGS OfP 9) BROOAZS Spacmen P) BRCOAZAS Prot 82 17a 1000 PESOS oF xr UNC a) BKCORSOS 16.508 oe = 9) BRCOAST Spocimon 008. BD) BRCORS2 Proot 2000SERIES 2 AB&PC and B&S PRINTERS wis 1 PESO GF OXF UNC 1014, 180» Soren - Regula sues wiped lgnatures BRCOMT Ui 4 24.4 16.7. 14 140, 120 = 17s 2 PESOS ce F “814, 180 Son - Regular anes writ satires BRCORD Naa. 4744 1.4 120, = ui77 10 Pesos © F oxF UNC 1814 88S, 182x830 -Repuerssueswirined signatures 2) BKOOATS St6 1 30 60, 225 3) BKCOA¢ SpecnenMesta 50 Comercial & Agricola de Texas - El Banco de (Bank of Texas) (On Api 30,1835, the congress of he tate of Coahula ane Texas, by Decoe ‘Numer 208, granted io Same! May Was 220 charr fo e “Benas Comer {Agia de ova. The bak was to open at Clune, Toxas. While res were pod Unt the toa popes were proper: te honk ncver opened and al town kes er Fomanders. Aare dated 18. Other than to ove peso rele, comple oles ae re Batng tes Anercan Ci Wor, ihe remainders were er half rd Lousiana tas of tho Conecemie Snes of Ama were prego tebacks The args pr was Dope, Longacre Co. of New Yor Denomination arly Rarity Issued Note Comments 1 Peso s XR vain rersiner 2Pe0 aR Aroha ara x8 Pero aR {0Peso xe dope aR S0Pec0 aR a "ey nase fey the basics sn DoutaK icnonts vusogeme | oleate a @ Be. i M79 1PESO oF OXF uN CONS Romaine ms 30. A aa Meister hey oartoanecl Jini tee titirs BOS PRSOS, mba a igo 2 PESOS oF oF UNC PK CONS Proof ee to a, ‘THES PROP Homi te fry he hated or heriand THRER DOLLARS ean. a ia 3 PESOS oF soy ecomend i Oia CINCO PESOS /hen/at ia 5 PESOS oF 8K-CONSE Prot 7 1a 10 PESOS oF BKCORIT Prot = xF UNC ~ 23000 BANKorTEXAS Kermart te fray rnemutid te ~ Acie, WHENTN elles NEINTE, PESOS Colamboe we ies 20PESOS aor BKCONI Prot = 2000.taste poy sams Coster PEVTY does ARCURD SeR808, omhr a M135 SO PESOS 6 XF UNC BKCOKIS Prot = "2300. 0&5, 0 or Aeris de ‘orbaareven domains OQ i ae rine. 196 100 PESOS oF Laguna — El Banco de la We tave no histor! frmston en hs bank. wakapparety auotaed toleaue Sonse ae Caja. Al res wore pnted by he American Bank Net Company. No Denomination Ray Ranty tased Note Comments vesued PPE 500 Peso R =o al = 1g8_ 100 PESOS oor BRCORAE M189 _ 500 PESOS oF xf UN BKCOAASSpocmen 10, ut aL 190 1000 PESOS BK:COAAA Specimen 150. Nacional de Texas ~ El Banco Thi Donk was setabiched ¢ a bank of issue by Govemor Jose Fal “repalein n San Anone Bexaron Oxber 21, 182 Members othe sy coun ware fears ofthe bark ane a roe wor harahen oy fou soiers sagned oho fck. ‘The tide goverment ubsoquonty oceros the bark fo cease issuing Carkotas and tl cank notes wore roomed by the foderl goverment. The very nfereetng Mery of ths bonis intuced mo secton on Vonean Banking Hsory. The edtence oT is bark ond theft ht eed bark note i hetercaly reste. Uorunaty ro remanng os sre nown. Sine he neee ar andi ans ly ere, oy ay ery Wal Sl ‘tin an tora sree. you have intamaton about tne om Ps Ban, tas ‘anact he pubteha yg {REAL GF xf UNC PKCOMME 100 ksund £2". 199 2REALES GF xf unc 104 4 REALES F xr unc BK-COMAE 1,100issued 2 = : i951 PESO F xP UNC BKCORA® 1,600issued aS Se 198 S PESOS 6 F xF unc BKCORSO 800 sued . M197 10 PESOS 6 oF xf une PKCOAS) 200;u08 2 £2" 198 20 PESOS GF xf une BKCORS2 150 lsues 2 19950 PESOS. oF xF Une PKCONSS 30 imuod £25 200 100 PESOS 6 oF xf Une BKCORSH 2 ised . & DISTRITO FEDERAL (Federal District) - DF Central Mexicano ~ El Banco ‘ie bank was formed nthe Fecere Distt ats lossy bank fr 2 umber of the sito banks and prepared Sonos de Coa hal aro salable n Speco ny, Al ntes were prod bythe Amercan Bank Note Company Denomination arty Issued Noto Comments Shp R203 100 PESOS or BKOF-0S Specimen sam. ‘204 500 PESOS oor BKDF-408 Specimen 1800. 205 1000 PESOS oor BKOF-AO7 Specimen 60. Empleados - El Banco de 1 Banco de Emsleados wos fom in 189. it never issued bork notes. In ny of 805 snare uss enorged fo Banco Comarca and itr hat year was arquited by B Barco do Lonces, Mono y Su Arorca, Al oles were printed by Bradbury Vinson & co Denomination Rarty arty sued Noto Comments fesued Sere Peo x ‘Specie and root Ory ores x ‘Speemnen and Proof Only ape mR Spoomen and Poot ny SaPeee x Speemmen and Proof On 500 Peso mm Spocmon and Prot Oniy 00 Peso aR Specmon and Poot Only M2075 PESOS FUERTES oF 18 BC, 160% 0mm BK DEO. Specimen 2500. BROF-105 Proo 2000 ze Lda pelle: fee i ap beGos FERTES | 120810 PESOS FUERTES oF x Nc te GWG, 15x mem 3) BKOEAI Specimen 200. DB) BKOFANS Proot 2am: exam beef yo eile ‘Vewire Pesos FUERTES ap. w 209 20 PESOS FUERTES . a EWG, 175 20mm 5) BKOF2Specmen DD BROFAI25 Pract we0coL e100 2) BEE ERE PLEADOS 210 50 PESOS FUERTES oF xf UNC 18. GANG, 175" 90mm 3) BkOEIa Specimen 00. DD BKDFSI35 Prook 2500. Grgryial pg iin Pesos FuERTES yr Mp acv. M211 400 PESOS FUERTES 18 BWC, 185 95mm 3) BxOEAIe Specimen as. DY BKORAIGS Pros! 2000 55MZ12 500 PESOS FUERTES oF xe UNC 2. BW, 1853 05mm 3) BxoFI5. Specimen 3200 BD) BROFSSS Prot 200. Hipotecario Mexicano - El Banco Ce terch2", 1662 a bank named Barco Hiolecar Mexicano na founded by Garay oa. twas autnorzs to make morgape erste Feral Distt ae was ‘esced ons lear tons ard careses of Gepost Specsnen cars bonds Were pied by Brabury Wiknson. fr August 1288s eonensson was rod ds rare was changed o El Banco ieacenal @Hipctecare. Denomination Ray Rasy Issued Note Comments Issued SPP zoPeso : ca Specimen Onty 50 Pe0 ‘ oR Specimen Ont) 10 Peso E x Specimen Ory donee ‘ aR Spacer Oxy 1000 Peso : x Specimen Oniy SEP we oxo NE i ‘BL BANCO soacaRtd METORND apr od Po on 214 20PES0S oor BK-OF-20 Specimen 800 215 216 400 PESOS or ‘Seecnen 35m. eK-0F-22 217 500 PESOS BKOF-23 Specimen Fone cia ones thon Penance? te oat acd bees se ’ mats 1000 PESOS oF oF UNG ex OFADE Specinen 3200 “This bank of obsoue historical og. A notes are dated March 61608 and probably never eratod bocausa donersratons small han pesos had bee fobaaen by s8orlogulaion. The nota also lac sral nurbere and sea. he Roca Long nod Its rsaareh, bs ay have boon soto ofa creat union or some eter come. Iwi Dest unser tanks unl mre nore | avaane, Denomination Ray arty Issued Note Comments tea SPP 0 centavos va : Ho grace nots exit {aoconince V8 High ace nots ont dont Signatures Proscnt: Pedro Seana Seersane: Grob Prego Teco: Fanesco Chavata 22050 CENTAVOS 1806 Regular issues ult signatures BKOFI79 63.98,M224 100 CENTAVOS. oF XF UNC "808 Roguor nove wid sgnatues SK 0F38) 6.398 200. 300, 800, Internacional e Hipotecario de Mexico - El Banco ‘This instiaion was cxignslysuhornd in March 1062 under he name of 1 Banco Hpolacario Mexicano, andthe eovpraton was Torad on Rg 2 1882, by ards Gorn an Franca de Toes wastes th aus of cami bonds ad erieates of depos. Cericses of epost fot 1000 pramsin god are known exit. oes were pind bythe American Bank Nele Company. The porte of gual ards do Teja, sevon mes Secretary of Sat rn fe presientia periods, spars on the fon fhe peso note, An angus fame conning & compa st tin ad back unaes Froaftofcerifetos of depos esate. Th ame was onginlypresenios othe eecives| {Fn Banca Itaracionale Hiptscaro do Wasa by te Arerican Sark Note Go, ad ‘rs four the basemers ofthe he’s home Remeatresopgroxmaly eet n height te foetin wit, Denomination Rarity arty Issued Note Comments taeved Sere 1 Peso x R Issued is Remainder 2Peso R Specimen ard Pro! Ory 5Peso R Specimen ap Pre! On tePeso R Specimen ard Prof Ory 20 Peo R Specimen a Prot Oo {00 Peso R Spscnen and Poot Oo) 500 Peso R Specien ae Pro! Oo {000 Peso R Specmen and Poo! Oa 4000 Grams ir R mzza_ 1 PESO 6 oF OXF Unc "Bor ABNC, 180% 80m 9” SK-0F 350" Remainder 1.900 9) BRDF-360 Spmcmen 4o00 2) BKOFSS! Prot 50 2242 PESOS ‘er ABN, "a0 x Bom 3)" GDF 362 ” Speciron +000 2) BKDFS3 Proct 80. 228s PESOS oF oF UN "ee ABNC, 20. @0mm 3) GxeOF 364 Specimen 1.900, 2) BKOFI65 Proot 820. 22610 PESOS oF xP unc 2)” BK-OF-308 * Speciman 1,300, P) BKOFS6? Prot "00. 87M1¥67 _ 50.CENTAVOS OE DOLAR fxr UNC 7 175% frm Checks aye buae phe denarinatons eros Ea Braee GILLERMO PURCELLY CUt.SUCS.. ‘Surseeo Sux Provo Cour PAGUSTALPORTADOR a PAK com chu sobre Sty Arrone Eats iso Lavo, UN POLAR WACRNDAS PURCLLE Ms163__UNDOLAR oe O17 1754 70net Cracks pajbito baa wiped ceraminatns pucoaze 13217 m0 a0 xe une TORREON Agricultores de la Comarca Lagunera (Farmers of the Laguna Region) aan uts70_ SPESOS co Foxe UNC PLcokes 1.1015 am, ENE ‘Manuel de la Fuente y Cia, i172, 50 cENTAVOS oF xr une PLOOAS (ND) Unfooe wom iia 1PESo oof xe Nc PLCOAR (NO) so. a,“ ME 158 Empresa de Tranvias. Pasaje (Streetcar fare) 175 ScENTAVOS © oF om Une PLCOR ZS (ND) Bm, VEN . Electrico de Lerdo a Torreon, S.A. aws77__ ScENTAVOS xr une ‘prcom23 (NO) = A0cENTAVOS PLCOAG5S (HD) ~ were xe une 42 centavos Foxe une wnsre cs n0) so 100. PLoomgs VINATA DE SOTOL Paulino Decanini aris82,_ 10 CENTAVOS xe une Loon) (ND) Pastboas a100 Peso : R ‘Specnen ae Prot Oy 00 Peco eR ‘Specen ane Pras Oy 1000 Paso : R ‘Specimen anc Pret On Pero ve wR 10Per0 xe ve 2000 xe ve ‘00 Pero cy we soo Peso 7 ve ‘Specinan ae Prot Oty teeotied Signatures Geren Gutlemo Newbeld ABNC; WS, Morrison ABNC; HC, Waters BC (aac: Hotbot Jones BW SERIES 1 - UNKNOWN PRINTER “he pirter sot nats, Thase notes were pine been 1868 and 1867 2355 PESOS "085-1957, 207 1mm Unace Raularlesuas m9 handrten satres 3) BKORT Ta286 151187 ee 3} BkORt1 Specimen 000. 237 20 PESOS oF BKORL3 Specimen ‘000. ae ae ae 14239 100 PESOS XE UNC BKOF1S Spacmen 7.000. 240 500 PESOS BKDEI6 Specimen aon. ‘SERIES 2 ~ DE LARUE PRINTER Z Coyle ATR feo) Atext0o Ge 242 5 PESOS GF OXF UNC ‘Specimen in hang, wine pine signature BOR? spasmon 40m.RAR 728 v1sses (ey ‘UC SIO AM, M243 10 PESOS G72. -Reguor ese wlne handwrtian and one pit signature a) acorta. Zot. 3) BkDENas | Specman lez PESOS oF 40 PESOS SK-OF19 Specimen as SERIES 3 - BW&C PRINTER 2s7 5 PESOS 6 oF OXF UNC Prot wine signa BROR25 Specimen 5000 24g _10 PESOS oF xX Une TOTS. -Repurlesves whanduton Sgnatires a akor2 2078 1m. = = 3 8e0r28 Specimen 4.00. DB BKDF29 Pree! 350. SERIES 4—ABNC PRINTER 252 PESOS 60 180, 156 x drm Regular eves wone pita and one andi slgnatre oscars Bttas "3000, 6000, 7.000. — 3 akoras — Speamen DB Bkors Pros! "20 PESOS: OF XF UNC 3) BKOF49 Specimen a73t. BD) BKOFS — Proot 2500, 25350 PESOS, "3) BKOFS9 Specimen 3 BKOre — Proo! M254 100 PESOS ‘ent872 3) akore9 py BKDFT ‘Specion Proot 255 500 PESOS oF 2) SKOFTS Specimen 2) BKOFS— Proo! Frou f cg ie Mi ole. i 2 ia ci Cams le ? M256 1000 PESOS . xF unc 3) BKOFE4—Specon 400, DP) BKOFES — Proot S000SERIES 5 - BW&C PRINTER 2595 PESOS GF oxF UNC 1687-1609, 170 x 8m ~ Regular asues wo pried ac one rubber samp, 3) skors © Figa7 1289 000. 5000, 3) SKORIo Othe P1289 3000. $00 6) BKORM OP Verscuz. For 3m. som > 3) akorte Specmen 3900, 2) BKORI2 Proc 2200 M260 _ 10 PESOS GF OXF UNC 'OG0 Remar etues wiped signtues 3) BROS OPGumehtto E1887; 1589 4500, 6500 2) B.OF131 Sqnedandinuee-NPcareoled 2800. 600 = 3) 8KOF183 Soecmen 3780 2) BKOFIA” Proot 200. 262__20PES0S oF xf UNC 187, 162 87 - Rogue suos wiped signatros 3) ekDRI5. DIaaT soo, 700, == 2) BkDETe Op Autla; 1.987 Sooo. 7000 = ©) BKOF163 | Sknos.andlosod-NP cancolod 5750. 4750. — 3) BKOFT65 | Spearman 4900. 2) BKOFI6S Prost 200. 264 50 PESOS 2) BKOF-T 3) BKOMI75 Specmen D) BRDRITE Poot M206 100 PESOS 3) okOF-e 3) BKDE165 Specimen DI SKOFI8S Poot ‘Signed and ised ‘Sioned ana iesved 6 oF xf UNC +000 0: SSD z SC earronsnansesere os ‘26a 500 PESOS oF x UN 3) BK.OF89 Specimen 430. PP BKORI9” Prost ‘ooo Londres y Mexico - El Banco de ‘The London Sarko! Nexo and Sout Ames obtained he federalooncesin tthe Banco de Emplesdos on August 20, 1866. In tus way, he Lonon Bank of Mex ‘Sd Sauh netics wae abe cory wh he ne comme eae of Api 15, 154 and consequent was ble i carinue oereing by changing ts nae Banco de Londres YYlerico, SA which did ony 1 B88, Pe London Sank of Menico and Sadh Areres London wns the man slorélger othe naw nein. The Genes nots wate pt by tha Amecean Sark Note Ca, The Sara roles ware pi by Bouyry and Seo. ‘The Bonca do Londres y Meio survives cree oh Revehiton ana he Conta ‘efoms ar today spat of Banco Sern, ono the args! Gare Mico “Alage number aftranch otfos were opone tougrout he Repub. Branch ros ar dred by 3 hand placed rubber stamp on te ont ef te hte wih bear ‘fe brench, Those vations usualy apps wie on each nce leach, taaigh Same branches ony stamoed ther noes ane, Re is mes! equent ob, pure back, be and abers re aio sean, Al Known ba denomination, Nomal condo for tse overstarpednaes is &f0 VG ‘Series 2 species ae srw over’ Muesa Denomination Rarity ‘Series 4 ABN Printer Peo 10Peso 20Pea0 50 Peo 300 Peso ‘000 Peso g200000 Series 2-88 Printer 2Peeo Wontifed Signatures Senes? Intovertor del Gobiem: F Cora: itedo Chover> Rasy vs vs Iesued Note Comments Scarce in Une Soa in Une Sears Une Scares in Une ery Sean nF Nemnaty 6-F Sewrce in High Grae Scarce in High Grade (Conseeo- JM. Bomejo; Manat G. Cos; Jove Sonchez Ramos. Uanores Remo CyNoveg: Franssco Espinosa; HALP. Brit Cejee Herter. Janes: Hemera Zamora: Jule Aap Si-Garente WR Micrel: G Honber Geren: WR Michal C. Viors Gara ‘erica? Inert del Golem Kt uo onzjereRosondo Pines A Con (Gover: Wena SERIES 1 - ABNC PRINTER A) cE) SLONDRES cima aes ee uzrt 5 PESOS GF xf unc 16001913, 12 x lm - Regular ass wt or 2 handurton slgnaturos on eaty tes end’ pint slates 0 al das GQ acoras artes: teat? 188: 9491; $2593. wleentersgnature*Cajro’ 20. $0,180. = by aKor2s 821.4, 1080-72297 1797 2a.57, 1 88 went snahire “consjero” a a 6) BORA C118 BLS07; E1709. weaner Spraure ‘Consepan 1 25s ) BKORI Ebr M: FR ANE GRAS: HIADAS; 114013 weet sgrare ‘Conaaere 1830 oo ©) SkORo1 OP Agunealentes 15.08.1710 20. 40 BD, = 9 BkORS © OPDwango C1102:150617%0 25. 58 OD ) BKORSS OP Gindetra 817.97; 1506; Biearn m4 oo hy BKOFS © — OP Giada and Coma 1508 30. 5. 8D. = 9) BROS — OfGunnahnto BDI 97 1508, 17081710 m0 = 3. BK0F35 OP 81797 a = f) Bors OfMuraten 1.797; 1508 ao > f 1) BROS OP Menteney DPI 1506 299 mo. im) BKOF-39 OP Mona B1.707,17.09;17.90 24 n) BKDEAD — OP Preble AI 789 perestdate) $0. 90.180. 9) BKDRA! «OP Puebla BOLTar1402 20.40. 8. = @ SKDPA2 —OPOvwreleo 15585 707 $802, 7m 17.90:24.3 mm K 9 BGOFA2 OF Santis Poina 17-57-1505; hea 790 241231.19 a 1) BKORA OP Toreon OE 102 15.08; $308 1710 mm = = OP Vercrie ACI 789: 186% Pte toe 2140) 24122193 20, 45 2) BORG Specimen 10, DD BKOR2) Prost 0. wy BKORS REivaT pO RES VERSIE) eso 27210 PESOS F xr Ne “80-1013, 182 x BO - Regular issues wt or 2handwrie sgntises on ealy dag, ped natures on ne datos BKoRae AT? 8 seanersgnatwe-Cajer™ 45, 90.180, DB akora? A181; 18099-24104, 1800 22287 wert sgnee"Calrc’ 90,50, 100. 9 BKORA 81.787 mlcnter iganie “Conse KDR 1:102;01508;€1709; 617-0; 21.12 wana sare “Corse Jeo" 1 2 o) amor G21.1% H1.101951110.3 woter Satie “Conese? 1 20 6. ot 9 aKOF-s2 —OiPaguascaterts 1.1.02 15.08; @ BK —OiPDurargo C11021506,1710 20. 45. , A) BkOFS © GiPGundagre 17971789 35.70. 120, 3) BRDRSS —O/PGundnnia wired snare om 24422178 m4 om 2 D PKOFS — OP Gumndjsio £817.89; 18855 rar; i895, V402;17.00,17.10 20. 45. 90, BKORS? — OPLewo 1757 70 10 0 BkDr-s8OPAlazaten 1797 a a fm BKOFS9 — OPNontamey B17 97: 11.02 Bi m4 = ny BKDF60 OP Morea 01.797; 1.102; 1.708 10 m4 ©) BKOFS! OP Pusta w/2 ped inate end Thandertlon signee 1789 98, 7. ) aK0re2 OP Punbin ATT 89 2. 48 ‘to. 9 Beores §— O-Ouertar 1.787: 1.1.02; 1.709; wraa24 2. 4 90. 1) BKOFE! —OP-San ue Potosi C.E1 7.98; tasted rar 1997, 1102: 471, 22499 0 W) BKOF-65 OP Taeon 17971. 02: 1.7.08 4730 0 ww) BKDF-66 CFP Nero WM pfnod signa ‘and 2 handurte signatures #7 89 ioe 7, 1. 1) BKOFS7 — OPNerenuz BLT SHIT; Srareria2413 a es 9) BKORS — Specmen 10, BD) BKOFSIS Proot "2, 273 20PESOS GF xf UNC MOGE-913, 182 Orn - Reger sis wt or 2 hancten igatues on ear ats: preted signatures on inte dats; ncenor signature Caja ) BKORSS ALT. (piled dt). ‘sco 8) peorss — Algets21 94; 1800;22.297 ‘camer signatire Consejo” 50. = KORO BLTSTICH 1G? wcerer spate “conser mm = = KOR ON TAD ED 112; F248, 614018; 1110.1 wcenor sate "Conse eo a ©) 8K0F.73 —GP-Aguacclotes 1.1.02 2 ©. 9 BKORM © OPCemla 102 a 1. > 8) BKDFIS OP Durango C1102 1740 90. A) Bore — OPGuadanjre 199% 1.797 gia oo ) 8KOFTT —P-Guanaito 017.9: 17.97, v7.10 0 oo D 8K0FTE OP Lenco 1797 % wa, fh SKOF7) OP Mazatin 17.97 7. 1 BKDFa0 — OPAontarey B1797:2192 30.80. 20, im) akOra| — OPMorain 01797,17.10, 2 oD fn) SK0F82 © — OP Puasa A179, 1797 2 9) Boras — OPO 17891797. 1740 36 70 BKDFSt OP Santus Polos 17 670%.183, (hesdion dley 1787, 1081 friar2t - 9 BKOFAS OP Toreon 1.102 1710 3570 2) aOR OPVersour 179/9191:1797 30.60 3) BKDF72 Specimen 100, DB BKORT25 root 30 u2ré_ 50 PESOS GF oF UNC 1665-1213, 122 x eomm - Repu isues wit or 2 hn inate on oar Ae pict signatures on ate dates Q acorer atre 7. 160 Dy skOras 419912198: 18.98,22257 ‘weet sgt "Car" so. 100 9 BK0Fe9 817.97 wont signs “Conse io 0, «0. 100 9 ax.0r29 E102 wicanersianatire Conse ier 0,75 WO 28 @ akoret — 517.10;21.12 ween sonar