Plumbing: 2. Cost of installation.

Alley. 3 meters with walk, not less than 2 meters. a. Labor.

Alter or alteration. change use or material. b. Material.
Back pressure. (drainage) air pressure in drainage pipe greater than atmospheric pressure. 3. Resistance to chemical and acid waste.
Back flow. (water) flow of water in water system from other sources other than its water source, 4. Durability.
also called back siphonage.
Back siphonage. for drainage and water. Reason of C I S P for drainage:
1. Easy drainage installation.
Back vent pipe. also called individual vents, F C O (floor clean out) for 1st floor, W C O (wall clean 2. Availability.
out) for 2nd floor and up, diameter for individual vents is 2 to 3 inches and drainage line is 4 inches.
Closing end of pipes:
Ball cock. faucet opened and closed by a ball floating on the water, also called ball cock valve. 1. Cap.
2. Plug.
Ball joint. for W C without water storage tank, a cup like shell, ball in cup-like shell that allow
movement. Types of flange:
1. Drilled.
Battery of fixtures. similar adjacent fixtures, 2 or more is called a battery. 2. Blank.
Bell or hub. that portion of a pipe which for a short distance, is sufficiently enlarged to receive the 3. Blind.
end of another pipe of the same diameter for the purpose of making a joint.
Blank flange. flange that is not drilled. types:
Bending pin. (or iron) a tool used for straightening or expanding lead pipe. 1. Slip flange.
2. Screw flange.

leaching cesspool.

Blind flange. a flange that closes the end of a pipe. There is no opening for the passage of water.
Blow-off. use in hot water storage tank, controlled outlet/pipe use to discharge water detritus and
steam, one type of releif vent.
2 types of hot water tank:
Bibb. known today as hose bib (H B), part of water line and is a faucet found in service area and 1. Range boiler.
gardens. 2. Hot water storage tank.
Key cock. used in hospitals, chemical laboratory, and laboratories.
Compression cock. Branch (water and drainage and storm drain)(horizontal), (water) branch out of the house service
pipe which is the largest pipe, (drainage) connects to house drain to septic tank, any part of the
Self-closing faucet. pipes not the main pipe or stack.
Bidet. (lavatory always on the left.), a plumbing fixture use to wash the genitals, also called a sitz
bath (tool bath), types: Branch interval. a length of soil or waste stack that branch into the main at storey height, one
1. Stall. branch not less than 8 feet, types:
2. Stand. 1. soil pipe. use water closet.
3. Recessed. 2. waste. other waste water.

Materials for pipes: Stack. a vertical pipe (drainage).

1. C I S P. - Riser. a vertical pipe (water).
2. Acid resistant C I P. Branch vent. a vent pipe connecting from a branch of the drainage system to a vent stack.
3. Asbestos pipe. Building drain. house drain.
4. Bituminous fiber sewer pipes.
5. Vitrified clay pipe. Building sewer. house sewer, is that part of plumbing found extending 4 or 5 feet from interface of
6. Lead pipe. foundation wall.
7. Galvanized steel pipe. Building sub-drain. that portion of a drainage system which cannot drain by gravity into the
8. Galvanized wrought iron pipe. building sewer.
9. Brass pipe. most expensive and most durable (not available commercially). Bushing. joining the different size pipes in single run.
10. Copper pipe. used in H V A C. Caulking. plugging or opening with oakum used in jointing.
11. Plastic or synthetic pipe. Oakum. a hemp fiber melted.
Choice of pipe: Cap. closing a pipe or pipe line.
1. Quality.
277837653.doc
Ferrule. the clean out. Drain. a sewer on other pipe or conduit used for conveying ground water, surface water, storm
Catch basin. CB, for rain water retention of storm or rain water. water, waste water, or sewage.
AD-CB. area drain, catch basin.
FD. floor drain.
Fixture drain. the drain from the trap of a fixture to the junction of the drain with any other drain
pipe, from fixture to main drain or the junction itself.

Drainage system. the drainage pipes of the plumbing system that takes waste water to the sewers. 3
components:
1. Drainage.
Cesspool. a pit for the reception or detention of sewage. 2. Waste.
Effluent. having a solid and liquid separate chamber. 3. Vent.
Leeching cesspool. old waste goes down and at side.
Dry vent. only with air, no waste ever goes through it, vent stack.
Valves:
Wet vent. stack vent.
Check valves. automatically closes to prevent backflow or reverse direction or flow of water.
Ferrule. a metallic sleeve, calked or otherwise, joined to an opening in a pipe, into which a plug is
Circuit vent. a group vent extending from in front of the last fixture connection on a horizontal screwed that can be removed for the purpose of cleaning or examining the interior of the pipe,
branch to the vent stack, limited to 3 to 5 fixture per vent. clean out (WCO, FCO), size of cleanout 4 inches.

Common vent. (dual vent or unit vent), serving 2 or more fixtures. Fixture. a receptacle attached to a plumbing system. Classification according to use:
Conductor. (downspout, rainleader, roof leads), a vertical pipe to convey rain water. 1. Soil:
Continous vent. is a vertical vent that is a continuation of the drain, to which the vent connects. a. Water closet.
Corporation cock. (corporation stop, stop vault), to stop water to an individual house, connected to b. Slop sink.
metering device and the water main. c. Urinals.
Coupling. 2. Scullery:
Court. open unoccupied area. A scullery is a room in a house traditionally used for washing up dishes and
Gooseneck. to prevent high pressure.
Water outlet. any faucet, water closet, etcetera.
laundering clothes, or as an overflow kitchen when the main kitchen is
overloaded. ...
Cross connection. a physical connection between 2 system. a. Kitchen sink.
b. Laundry sink.
Dead end. the extended portion of a pipe that is closed at one end to which no connections are c. Pantry sink. large kitchen sink.
made on the extended portion, thus permitting the stagnation of water or air therein. 3. Bathing:
a. Bath tub.
Developed length. length along the center line of a pipe to the fitting. b. Biddet.
c. Shower bath. complete assembly.
Diameter. types:
1. outside diameter. (brass, copper). Fixture branch. the supply pipe between the fixture and the water distributing pipe, all branch
2. internal diameter. (iron, etcetera). connected to fixture.
3. nominal internal diameter.
Fixture unit:
Double-bend fitting. use commonly in factories, a pipe fitting shaped like the letter "S". 1 person 8 gallon per minute, 1 and one half gallon per minute.
Lavatory. 2 fixtures unit.
Double offset. 2 offsets in succession in series in the same time. WC. 6 fixture unit.
Flashing. a piece of sheet metal fitted under another piece of flat metal or wood over which water
is expected to run.
Float level. a level at the fixture where water will flow over the edge of the fixture or rim.

Flood level/overflow level. the level in a fixture at which water begins to overflow the top or rim of
the fixture.
Flat offset. used in ventillation air stack.
Floor area. the area minus the shaft, pipe chase and pipe sleeves, the area included between the
wall exclusive of vent, shaft and sleeve.
277837653.doc
 Loop or circuit vent. , a continuation of a horizontal soil or waste pipe beyond the connection at
Flush valve. W. C., directly connected with the supply. which liquid waste from a fixture enter the waste or soil pipe, circuit vent, associated with vent
stack.
Flushometer valve. with aid of water tank.
Circuit. stock vent.
Gate valve. inlet, a valve in which the flow of water is cut off by means of a circular disk, fitting against
machine-smoothed faces, at right angles to the direction of flow. The disk is raised or lowered by Main. the main of any system: main sewer line, main water supply line, main/public storm sewer,
means of a threaded stem connected to the handle of the valve. the opening in the valve is usually as distributing main.
large as the full bore of the pipe.
Main vent. vent stack.
Globe valve. a valve in which the flow of water is cut off by means of a circular disk that fits against the Man hole. access for man to go through, 3 meters depth minimum.
valve seat. The plane of movement of the disk is parallel to the normal direction of flow of water, Master plumber. person with knowledge of plumbing who employs plumbers, for residential.
which is turned through a tortuous passage to direct the flow normal to the face of the disk, can control gas
and air. Nipple.

Goose neck. a return bend of small-sized pipe one end of which is about 1 foot long and the other Sanitary engineer. for large establishment.
end is about 3 inches long. It is commonly used as a faucet for a pantry sink. Also, the lead Slope. pitch, grade, mot exceed 2 %.
connection between a service pipe and a water main. Plan. must be sealed by a professional sanitary engineer.

Grade. slope of pipes, two percent slope or one fourth inch per foot. Plasiomic valve. ball in the water closet.
Ground water. three sources of water: Plumbing. the art and technique of installing in building pipes and fixtures.
1. Rainfall. storm water.
2. Natural surface. Surface water. Plumbing fixtures. a receptable attached to a plumbing system other than a trap in which water or
3. Underground water. ground water, portion of the rainfall or percipitation. waste may be collected or retained for ultimate discharge into the plumbing system.

Group vent. a branch vent that performs its function for 2 or more traps. Plumbing system. the plumbing system of the building, institution, factory or industrial
establishment from bring and distributing water to discharging sewer, sewerage system.
Height of building. vertical distant from grade line to the highest point of the roof of the building.
Plumbing official. hold authority in water and sewerage and national plumbing code.
Horizontal branch. a branch drain extending laterally from a soil or waste stack, with or without
vertical sections or branches, that receives the discharge from one or more fixture drains and MWSS. urban.
conducts it to the soil or waste stack or to the building drain. LWVA. rural.
LOWA. local water.
House storm sewer. house catch basin, is the pipeline from the building to the public storm sewer system. DPWH. in charge of the sewers.

Indirect waste pipe. a waste pipe that does not connect directly with the building drainage system
but discharge into it through a properly trapped fixture or receptacle, not connect to waste pipes.
Individual vent. back vent pipe.
Industrial waste. liquid waste from industry free of waste, toxic waste.
Installation of plumbing. by master plumber.
Interceptor. receptable to intercept and separate grease, chemicals, and oil, grease trap.
Invert. the lowest portion of the inside of any pipe or conduit that is not vertical.
Latrine. WC with continuous water supply, not a permanent installation.
Lavatory. wash basin for washing face and hand.
Length of pipe. the length as measured along.
Local vent. crude vent.
Potable water. water fit for drinking, culinary and domestic purposes.
Primary branch. is the single sloping drain from the base of the stack to its junction with the main
building drain or with another branch thereof, same as lateral.
Private or private use. for private use.
Private sewer. private owned and not directly controlled by public authority.
Privy. outhouse or structure use to dispose excrement.
Privy vault. a pit beneath a privy in which excrement collects.
Public or public use. public is invited to use these in any institution.
Public sewer. common sewer directly controlled by public authority, main sewer.
Releif vent. help provide circulation of air between drainage and vent system
Repair. repairing or replacing a small part of the system.
Return bend. 180 degrees turn.
Revent pipe. back vent pipe, individual vent.
Riser. vertical pipes use only on water.
Reservoir. water cistern.
Orifice. to releive pressure from downfeed system.
Roughing in. pipes without the fixtures.

277837653.doc
Sanitary sewage. (domestic waste) domestic sewage combination of human excrement and liquid Vent. a pipe or opening used for ensuring the circulation of the air in a plumbing system and for reducing
household waste. the pressure exerted on trap seals.
Sanitary sewer. for sanitary sewage with or without industrial waste but without rain water.
Seal. vertical distance between the dip and the crown, water in traps. top dip Vent stack. for ventillation.
Indirect momentum siphonage. seal is sucked out. Vertical pipe. any pipe or fitting installed in a vertical position.

Secondary branch. any branch in a building drain other than the primary branch. Wet vent. that portion of the vent pipe through which liquid waste flow.
Septic tank. watertight receptacle which receives the discharge of a plumbing system.
Waste pipe. lavatory, floor drain., a pipe which convey only liquid waste, free of fecal matter.
Service pipe. the pipe from the water main or source of water supply to the building served.
Sewage. the liquid waste conducted away from the establishments. Yard. is an open, unoccupied space, other than a court.
Sewer. a pipe or conduit for carrying sewage and waste liquid.
Planning:
Sewerage/sewerage works. sewer system of the entire community, including collection, transportation, 1. Location of C O:
pumping, and treatment. a. In every change in direction.
b. All horizontal pipes.
Shaft. (chase) a vertical opening through a building for elevators, etceteras. c. At every 15 feet of pipe.
Siamese connection. a wye connection used on fire lines so that 2 lines of hose may be 2. Provision of individual ventillation connected to ypur VSTR.
connected to a hydrant or to the same nozzle. 3. Traps:
Siphonage. vaccum or suction created by the flow of liquid in pipes. -negative pressure a. House trap.
Soil pipe. from water closet, urinals. b. Grease trap.
Soil stack pipe. vertical pipe for fecal matter or liquid waste. c. Seal trap.
Spigot/faucet. the end of a pipe which fits into a bell. 4. Soil pipe/waste pipe.
5. Offset.
Stack. a general term used for any vertical line of soil, waste, or vent piping.
Water supply:
Stack vent. for soil and waste stack connected to the highest horizontal drain connected to the 1. Location of main line.
stack. 2. Prohibition use of cross T.
3. Provision of air chamber.
Standpipes. a vertical pipe usually used for the storage of water, frequently under pressure, types: 4. Use of valves.
1. Wet.
2. Dry. 3 types of water distribution:
1. Upfeed system.
Storm water. that portion of the rainfall or other precipitation which runs off over the surface after a storm. 2. Downfeed system (gravity).
3. Zoning system.
Story. surface of floor to surface of next floor.
Pipe lengths:
Subsoil drain. building sub-drain. 1. Brass pipe: 20 feet.
Sump. a pit or receptacle at a low point to which the liquid wastes are drained. 2. PVC: 10 to 20 feet.
Supports. hangers, cradles, straps, etceteras. 3. RSC: 10 to 20 feet.
Surface water. natural water or water on the surface after a rain. 4. G I: 20 feet.
5. C I: 5 feet.
Tapped tee. a cast-iron bell-end tee with the branch tapped to receive a threaded pipe or fitting. used only 6. Cement: 1 meter.
for ventillation.
3 available private disposal system:
Sanitary tee. 1. Cess pool.
2. Septic tank or vault.
Trap. a fitting or device so constructed as to prevent air, gas and some vermin through a pipe. 3. Privy.
4. Public sewer line.
Union. to move one pipe only.
Public sewer line:
Unit vent. an arrangement of venting so installed that one vent pipe will serve 2 traps. 1. Trunk line.
2. Tributary.
Vaccum. an air pressure less than atmospheric. also siphonage.
Septic tank. decompose raw sewage in 2 process:
277837653.doc
1. Sedimentation. To prevent leakage from treaded connection use teflon, for flange type use gusset.
2. Anaeboric decomposition. A device which introduces air into an existing stream of water, aerator fitting.
A backflow preventor is a device to prevent backflow into a potable water supply.
Sludge. creates bacteria to create anaerobic.
A plumbing fixture used especially for washing the middle parts of the body, bidet/prosterior.
Construction and location of septic tank:
1. 15 meters away from potable water. A blank flange is a flange that is not drilled.
2. Must have an inlet and outlet made of sanitary Y. A back vent is a vent connecting one or more individual vents with a VS or a SV.

Minimum water content depth of 1.20 meters for proper reduction of organic materials, with a total depth of A drain that convey storm water to a satisfactory terminal, catch basin.
1.50 meters.
A gate valve or service cock, corporatin cock.
Dimension of a septic tank: 0.75 by 1.5 by 1.20 meters.
House drain is a system of horizontal piping inside a building that extends and connects with the house
Technical data: sewer. 2 types:
1. Minimum width: 0.90. 1. Combine drain. (sanitary and storm).
2. Minimum length: 1.50. 2. Sanitary drain.
3. Minimum depth: 1.20.
4. Residential: 0.14 to 0.17 meter cube per person. Drum trap is a special equipment used on plumbing fixtures that discharge large volume of water.
5. 12 persons, not more than 2.0 meters cube.
6. School, commercial, industrial: 0.057 meter cube to .086 meter cube per person. Self closing faucet, faucets are used when it is descred that the flow of water is stopped automatically upon
release of the pressure of the hand.
Manhole has intervals of 75 meters to 150 meters, with a diameter of .90 to 1.20 meters. And is protuded
15 centimeters from surface to overcome water infiltration. The most common form of iron found in spring and well water is ferrous bicarbonate (a colorless salt).

Types of waste: In tall buildings, sprinklers can be supplied with water from elevated storage tank.
1. Black: feces.
2. Grey: soap. Fire extinguishment is normally accomplished by absorption of heat by carbon monoxide and reduction of
3. White: rain water. temperature.

2 types of standpipes: The fire code of the philippines was created under the P D 1185.
1. Dry.
2. Wet. Any act that would remove or neutralize a fire hazard, abatement.

Types of vents: It is not prefferable to use short radius fittings on soil branches for making changes in direction.
1. Wet vent. for water.
2. Dry vent. for air. A flush valve is a type of plumbing accessories.

Types of tanks: In sewerage system pipe should be installed with a grade of 1 4th inch per foot.
1. Suction type tank.
2. Pneumatic tank. Water supply outlets usually installed outside the building, hose bib.
3. Elevated tank.
4. House tank. The principal use of hydropneumatic tank is for air under pressure storage.

P traps: Caulking and threading are 2 different methods of connecting pipes and fittings.
1. Common seal trap: 50 millimeter depth between overflow and dip, used in lavatories.
2. Deep seal trap. 75 to 100 millimeters depth between overflow and dip, used in sinks. A manhole is an access chamber for underground piping.

Moldex uses the O-ring. G I pipes used for water lines are commonly manufactured in length of 20 feet.
Water pressure instrument, pressure gauge.
Septic tank. cannot be outside property line and inside house, position next to last fixture served, good in
laundry area. A plastic pipe for hot and cold water, PVDC pipes.
A water pump most commonly used for elevation of waste, sump pump.
Aeration process. one method to separate waste from water in a public filtering system. Roughing-in is the installation of all parts of plumbing sustem which can be completed prior to the
installation of fixtures.
277837653.doc
Small particle of smoke can be detected in less than a minute. 6. T I N.
Wet and dry fire water pipes are called standpipe.
Siamese is a wye connection. In applying for electrical wiring permit, the required are:
1. Electrical wiring plan or layout.
Integrated network of hydraulic design piping system, sprinkler system. 2. Schedule of loads.
3. Location plan.
Responsible of fire code, director general. 4. vicinity plan.
5. Riser diagram.
Sanitary and industrial plumbing water piping inside building and premises shall conform to the 6. General notes (specs).
provisions of national plumbing code. 7. Legends and symbols.
8. Details.
The design, construction, and operation of deepwells for abstraction of groundwater sources shall be
subjected to the provisions of the water code of the Philippines. 5 sets of building plans and specs are given to:
1. Applicant.
The quality of drinking water from meteoric surfaces and underground sources shall conform to the criteria 2. Architect and engineering department.
set forth by National Standards of Drinking water. 3. Land use and zoning.
4. Land and grade.
Sanitary sewages from buildings and neutralized or pre-treated industrial waste water shall be discharged 5. Local fire chief.
directly to the nearest street sanitary sewer main in accordance with the criteria set in the code of sanitation
and the national pollution control commission. Aside from the professional, the professional in charge can sign and seal his/her name in the
DPWH forms.
All pipe materials to be used in buildings shall conform to the standard specs of the Philippine
standard council (PSC). 2 other signatories in DPWH application form for certificate of completion (electrical works) aside
Electrical plans and specifications below 20 outlets or a capacity of 4 kw up to 600 v shall be signed and from building owner:
sealed by duly licensed master electrician. 1. Professional electrical engineer/master plumber.
2. Contractor.
U A P is duly accredited for architects while the following: 2 documents required for certificate of occupancy from building official:
1. Civil engineers. P I C E (Philippine institute of civil engineers). 1. Certificate of completion.
2. Mechanical engineers. P S M E (Philippine society of mechanical engineers). 2. Logbook.
3. Electrical engineers. I I E E (institue of integrated electrical engineer).
4. Master plumbers. NAMPAP. PD 1096 prescribes that dry standpipe is required for every building of 4 or more floors.
Color coding: Dry standpipe shall have sufficient strength to withstand a water pressure of 20 kilograms per square
1. Water line. blue. centimeter when ready for service.
2. Electrical. red, orange, light gray.
3. Sanitary. Orange, brown. All dry standpipe shall extend from the ground floor and over the roof and shall be equipped with 63
millimeters outlet in every floor level with a minimum height from floor line of 1.20 meters.
All electrical system, equipment and installlation mentioned in the code shall conform to the provision of the
Philippine ekectrical code, as adopted by the board of electrical engineering persuant to R A 184 otherwise The minimum size of a fire hose outlet of an interior wet standpipe is 38 millimeter diameter.
known as the electrical engineering law. The frames on either side of the moving steps of an escalator is called balustrade.
The maximum angle of inclination of an escalator is 30 degrees.
All mechanical systems, equipment and installation mentioned in this code shall conform to the provisions A device designed to stop a descending elevator or counterweight beyond its normal limit of
of the philippine mechanical engineering code, as adopted by the board of mechanical engineering pursuant travel by absorving and dissipating the kinetic energy of the car or counter weight is called buffer.
to Commonwealth Act number 294 as amended, otherwise known as the Mechanical engineering law. In high rise apartments or residential condominiums of more than 5 stories, the minimum number
of elevator that shall be kept on a 24 hour service is one.
Industrial establishment shall be provided with positive noise abatement devices to tone down the noise
level of equipment and machineries to acceptable limits set down by the department of labor and the The minimum clear distance from any part of a boiler to any wall as per NBC is 1 meter.
national pollution control commission.
Smokestacks shall have a minimum rise above the eaves of any building of 5 meters.
In the application form for mechanical, electrical, and sanitary/plumbing permits, the Professional
in charge shall sign and seal and write in the box the following: The temperature and humidity of the air for comfortable cooling is to be maintained at 68 to 74 degrees
1. PRC registration number. fahrenheit.
2. Full name in print.
3. PTR number. HVAC. heating and ventilating air conditioning.
4. Address of P I C (professional in charge). Piping under steam division of a high pressure pipe is white.
5. PTR date/place of issue. Fresh water pipe is blue.
277837653.doc
Fire design ladder should be fixed position in interval not exeeding 6 meters. Fire damper is also called smoke damper which can also be smoke damper serve as fire damper.
Exterior way of exit access so arrange there is no dead-end arranged in 6 meters.
A cable provided with a metal wrapping is called armored cable. Each door in a means of egress shall not be 70 centimeter.

The current in amperes a conductor can carry continously without exceeding it temperature is called Plumbing code provisions:
ampacity. 1. All roof extension of soil and waste stack should run full size at least 0.30 meters above the roof.
2. Other than weather protection, not less than 2.5 meters above the roof.
A sheet metal enclosure for conductors, cables and bus bars at switch boards, meter centers, distribution 3. If there are doors, windows, scuttle, air chafts distance edge to edge is 3 meters.
centers and similar points are called auxiliary gutter.
Usual trouble in pipes is in its fittings.
The latest edition of the Philippine electrical code, part 1 is dated 1973. Rendering a pipe waterproof, caulking.
Cast iron in length of 5 feet.
Ratio of maximum demand to the total connected to a system is ca;;ed demand factor.
Pipe of sanitary drainage, cast iron and PVC.
The final decision over any contraversy of the electrical code is vested upon the board of
electrical engineering. Enlarged part of pipe to receive another end, hub.

Electric motor. transform electric to mechanical energy. Connection of sprinkler to ceiling:

Fuse. an over current protective device w circuit opening fusible material. 1. Distance between sprinklers, 3 meters.
2. Area covered by a sprinkler, 9 square meters.
Fuse holder. device to support a fusible link and to complete the contact between fusible link and
fuse clips. Electricity:
Guy wire. tension member usually of galvanized wire.
From NBC:
Flashover. a disruptive charge around or over the surface of a solid or liquid insulator. Lines must be 10 to 7.5 meters in height from sidewalk.
Poles not less than 5 meters from fire hydrant.
Ground. place a conducting current to the earth. Poles not less than 150 meters from a curb.
Lamp. generic term for artificial source of light. For building over 15 meters in height there must be 2 to 2.5 meters open from face of building to pole for
Lighting outlet. direct connection of a lampholder. ladders.
Conductors over 3oo volts shall not be carried near the ground surface unless guarded or made
Type 2 building under NBC shall be fire resistive for 1 hour. unaccessible.
Lines must clear from building surface of no less than .075 meters.
Cross bar. device half the width of door leaf which opens the door when subjected to pressure. Lines passing over roofs and building tops must have clearance of 1 to 3 meters.
Service drop clearance over roof must not be less than 2.5 meters.
Condenser. where vaporized refrigerants is liquified. Service drop must not be less than 3 meters from ground.
There should be 2 services by law.
Minimum clear height of a window type aircon at grounfd floor is 2.13 meters. Fees are 5 pesos for permit of pole and installation of pole.
International access signs have white graphics on blue blackground.
Approved. acceptable to the authority enforcing the code.
NBC allows circular stairs as exit if minimum width of run is not less than 250 millimeters. Electricity. electric phenomena manisfectation.

Service connection line. connects horizontal main to water service meter. Atoms:
1. Electron. negative.
Fixtures. recieve and discharge water into the drainage system. 2. Proton. positive.
3. Neutron. neutral.
The minimum size of trap and branches allowed for bath tub is 2 inches diameter. 2 general classes:
1. Dynamic electricity (electromagnetic). flows through a substance, over its surface in the form
Riser. a potable water supply that extend vertically one full storey or more to convey water to branches and of electric current.
fixtures. 2. Static electricity (static/electrostatic).

In buildings, water supply for fire fighting must meet: Accessible. not permanently closed in by the structure or finish of the building; capable of being removed
1. Be part of domestic supply of building. without disturbing the building structure or finish. Admitting close approach because not guarded by locked
2. Be added to domestic supply of building. doors, elevation, or other effective means.
3. Not required if fire hydrant is within 100 meters.
277837653.doc
Electric current. electric flow in an electric current (amperage) expressed in amperes.

Electric circuit. electric path composed of a conductor or of several conductors and conducting electric
devices joined together through which an electric current flows when the path is completed and an EMF is
applied.

Circuit diagram. diagram that represent an electric circuit on papers.

Chase. a recess built in wall to receive piping and wiring.
Mica. best heat insulators. 2. Lock nut.

Electromotive force (EMT). the force without cause (or tend to cause) the movement of electricity
in a conductor.

Electro magnet.

Close circuit (complete). connected to form a continous path from the source of current back to the same
point. 3. Coupling.

Open circuit (broken or incomplete). conducting elements are disconnected as to prevent the flow of Classification of electrical current:
electricity. 1. Direct current. flow in only one (or some) direction/flow is said to be from negative to positive
Post knoll effect electrical thermal. (fixed polarity)(can be steady or may vary).
Common source. current supplied by a battery (storage)/dry cell.
Rheostat. also considered as a dimmer. a. Continous DC. remains steady or uniform.
Service entrance wire. from attachment service cap to panel board. b. Pulsating/fluctuating DC. strength varies at different times.
Service drop. attached from Meralco up to building service cap. 2. Alternating curent. continually reverses its flow, its direction of flow/current that changes in both
THW. for outside and inside. strenght and direction in a given time, alternates 60 times per second, with a frequency of 60 cycles per
PTW. for interior. second (60 hertz).
Watt. ampere times voltage. Rectifier. (rotary converter) converts AC to DC, example: transformer. Types:
Air is a poor conductor of electricity. 1. Selenium type.
Short circuit. a condition resulting from bridging any part of a circuit with a conductor of a very 2. Silicon type.
low resistance. 3. Copper-oxide type.
Amperes. basic unit of electric current. Phase. the number of alternating current that goes to your conductor.
Amperage. the flow of electric current in a circuit, expressed in amperes. Relation of EMF current resistance. ratio between pressure and resistance (opposition).
Ampacity. the current carrying of a wire or cable expressed in amperes, (without undue heat).
Ammeter. instrument to measure rate of flow of electricity. Strength of the continuous current. ratio between EMF and resistance of the conductors.

2 types of circuits: Ohm's law (George Simon Ohm):

1. Parallel (multiple). when 2 or more electrical devices are connected so that each one offers a Formula: I = V/R.
separate path for the flow of current between 2 points. I. current flow (in amperes).
2. Series (simple SC). all parts of a circuit are electrically connected end to end. V. EMF (in volts).
R. resistance (friction in ohms).
Device. a unit/component of electrical system which is intended to carry but not consume electrical energy.
example: switch. Voltage, electrical pressure, (volt): V = I R.
Current: I = V/R.
Lighting circuit is 100 watt maximum. Resistance: R=V/I.

Shunt. when a circuit is divided into 2 or more branches, each branch transmitting part of the Voltage (volt). unit of EMF/measure of the pressure or force which keeps electricity in motion.
current. The conductor of each branch taken separately.
Voltimeter. device to measure the voltage of the circuit/an instrument for measuring the voltage
Connectors use for metal: drop between any 2 points in an electric circuit, example: generator/cell/battery.
1. Bushing.
General note: 1 volt is the pressure which causes 1 ampere to flow through a wire with a resistance of 1
ohm.

277837653.doc
Watt. rate of power used/represent how much is the equivalent heat volt and amperes produced if b. Portable.
plugged to an appliances, measure the power consumed, potential difference of 1 volt cause a c. Stationary.
current of 1 ampere to flow.
Wires and cables:
Potential difference. when a source of electromotive force is applied to a conductor, the 1. Flexible metal clad cable (FC). A C flexible armored cable.
conductor is said to have a difference in potential energy. Metal clad (MC). services, feeders, branch circuits, circuits, exposed/concealed indoors/outdoors works.
Wattmeter. instrument that measure the amount of instantaneous power or power in use at any Feeders. cables that goes into a building.
one time. 2. Non-metallic sheated cable.
Watt-hour meter, kilowatt-hour meter, electricity meter. instrument used to measure the energy 3. Conductor for general wiring. most common building wire, copper wire, example: TW wire
consumed over a period of time, measure and register the active power in an electric circuit with (thermoplastic/PVC).
respect to time. 4. Special cable type:
a. American home run.
Pole. 2 live wire. b. Cable bus. (busway) large conductors not circular in cross section
2 pole. 2 live wire, 1 ground. c. Cable bars.

Types of conduits: Raceways:

1. RSC. 1. Floor raceways:
2. IMC. a. Underfloor raceways.
3. EMT. electrical metallic tubing. b. Cellular metal floor raceways.
4. Flexible metal conduit.
5. Aluminum conduit. Power handling equipment:
6. Non-metallic conduit. Transformers. a device for changing the voltage of an alternating current.
7. Exposed metallic raceways.
RSC. Rigid steel conduit. Outdoor transformers:
1. H-frame transformer bank. capacity as high as 1,000 kilowatts.
IMC. Metallic conduit. 2. Cluster mounted on a single pole. 225 kilowatts capacity.
3. Pad-mounted. hinged.
Conduits should be supported every 3 to 15 feet.
Indoor transformer:
Alternator. a generator of AC is produced by the turning of its rotor, a device for generating an alternating 1. Dry type:
EMF, for high voltage equipments. a. Rated 600 volts or less of any kilowatts rating.
b. Rated 112 and a half kilowatts or less and 601 to 25,000 volts.
Generator. a machine that converts mechanical energy (power) into electical energy (power). 2. Askarel-insulated.
Motor. a machine that converts electrical energy to mechanical energy. 3. Oil-insulated transformer.

Battery. combination of 2 or more electric cell capable of storing and supplying direct current by Transformer rates:
electro-chemical means, 2 distinct classes: 1. Step up transformer.
1. Primary battery. deliver electricity as soon as the parts are assembled or put together provided that it is 2. Step down transformer.
connected in a circuit.
2. Secondary/storage battery. electricity from some external source (rechargable). Fuse. can handle up to 2,000 volts.
Circuit breakers. are used when 2,000 volts and up.
Nickel-cadnium cell. has gained considerable popularity.
Fuse types:
Electrical system of building: (main component/system component) 3 categories: 1. Cartridge fuse.
1. Wiring. includes conductors and raceways of all types. a. Single.
Conductors. a wire cable or device offering low resistance to the flow of electric current or other form of b. Dual.
metal suitable for carrying currents, examples: copper cable. 2. Plug fuse.
Insulator. a material that stops transfer of herts/power of the electric current, resists heat.
Raceways. channel designed expressly for holding wires, cables, bustors. Switch gear. also called unit sub-station.
2. Equipments. general term including fittings devices, appliance fixtures, apparatus used as part
of, or in connection with an electrical installation. Types of flourescents:
3. Appliances. is a utilization equipment, generally other than industrial, normally built in standardized 1. Bi-pin 2 flourescents.
sizes or types, which is installed or connected as a unit to perform one or more functions; current 2. Single pin flourescents. use for ultraviolet rays.
consuming equipments. Types:
a. Fixed. Phenolic base. a insulating material found at the end of the flourescent at the base of the pins.
277837653.doc
BX pipes. flexible metals. d. Shaft or hoistway.
Condulets. small conduits. e. Plunger.
f. Elevator machine room.
Height of electric meter from ground, 1.5 meters. g. Guide rail.
h. Guide shoes.
Height of C O, .20 meter. i. Spring buffer.
Distances of C Os, 2 to 2.5 meters. j. Floor stop and limit switch.
Height of switch, 1.1, 1.2, 1.5 meters. k. Creepage and leveling cam switch.
Distance of switch from door jamb, .20 meters. l. Car gate switch.
m. Controller.
Bakelite. made from PVC and porcelain. n. Motor and pump with tank.

Master and slave. the electrical switch. Parts of an elevator:

Size of wire and capacity: 1. Electrical, mechanical room.
1. #14 (2.5 millimeter): 15 amperes. 2. Hoistway/shaft.
2. #12 (3.5 millimeter): 20 amperes. 3. Pit.
3. #10 (4 millimeter): 30 amperes. 4. Penthouse.
4. #8 (6 millimeter): 45 amperes. 5. Tension sheave.
5. #6 (10 millimeter): 65 amperes. 6. Counterweight.
6. #3 (20 millimeter): 100 amperes. 7. Travel.
7. #2 (25 millimeter): 115 amperes. 8. Oil and spring buffer.
8. #1 (35 millimeter): 130 amperes. 9. Guide rail.
9. #0 (50 millimeter): 150 amperes. 10. Car platform.
11. Car.
Types of elevators: 12. Cable socket.
1. Electric: (parts): 13. Dovetail joints.
a. Car. 14. Cable.
b. Cables: 15. Machine beam.
1. Guide shoe. 16. Elevator machine.
2. Compensation. 17. MG set.
3. Buffer.
4. Secondary sheave. Counter weight. weight of car and 40 % of its weight of car capacity.
5. Winding drum machine.
6. Landing zone. Freight elevators: (for hoisting and lowering equipments).
c. Counterwieght. 1. Dumb waiter. no passengers, just equipments.
d. Contol equipments: 2. Plunger elevator. using piston (for heavy loads).
1. Control panel. 3. Sidewalk elevator. from sidewalk level going down only.
2. Governor. 4. Freight elevators. one person plus equipments.
3. Safety.
4. Tension sheave. System of elevator selection of operation:
5. Limit switches. 1. Push button control. caters those who called first and push first.
6. Operating device. 2. Collective control. collects all ups and downs.
7. Car leveling device. 3. Electronic supervisory collective dispatching and control. use for high rise building with constant traffic
e. Elevator pit. (service specific number and level of floors).
f. Shaft or hoistway.
g. Penthouse or elevator machine room. Consideration of elevator selection:
h. Elevator machine: 1. Types of use or occupancy.
1. Motor generator. 2. Floor height/ ceiling height.
2. Generator field (motor) control. 3. Total height of building.
3. Rheostatic control. 4. Available speed.
i. Guide rail. 5. Car capacity.
2. Hydraulic: (parts):
a. Car or cab. Speed of elevators: 5 kilometers per hour.
b. Control system.
c. Elevator pit. Types of escalators:
277837653.doc
1. Criss-cross. 2. Centralized. use of cooling tower.
2. Parallel. 5 important components of air conditioning:
1. Cooling unit.
Parts of an escalator: 2. Compressor.
1. Balustrade assembly. 3. Condenser fan.
2. Handrails. 4. Cooler.
3. Truss. 5. Control/motor.
4. Endless belt.
5. Sprocket assembly. A C equipments:
6. Driving machine. 1. Filter. removes the larger dirt and pollen particles in order to prevent clogging spaces between the plates.
Other parts: Types:
7. Tracks. a. Electrostatic filter.
8. Emergency brake. b. Replacable filters.
9. Controller. c. Cleanable/renewable filters.
10. Emergency stop button. d. Roll type, disposable media.
12. Key operated switches. e. Throwaway filters.
2. Cooling coil. arranged so that the cooling consists of bank of tubes. A cold fluid is circulated on the
Normal width of escalators: 32 to 48 inches. inside of the tube. When the surface of the cooling coil is at temperature below dew point of air, it drips to a
collecting pan and disposed off those draw connection.
Air conditioning standards: 3. Heating Coil. constructed similar to the cooling coil. However fluid circulated inside has a high
1. Heating and humidifying. temperature.
2. Cooling and dehumidifying. 4. Fan. fan pulls the air from intake through filter of the aircon unit and distributes it to the conditioned
3. Air motion. 15 to 25 feet per minute, at height of 36 inches above the ground. space.
4. Air supply. 5 to 10 cubic feet per person. 5. Humidifier. a device for moistening air to a desired degree.

Types of A C: Types of refrigeration compressors.

1. ACCU. 1. Reciprocating.
2. ATC. 2. Centrifugal.
3. CAC. 3. Absorption.
4. FCU. 4. Screw.
5. AHU.
6. HVAC. Electric motors. requires starting devices (starter):
7. RAC. 1. Steam turbine. type of refrigeration plant which takes up space.
8. PAC. 2. Well water.
9. TR. 3. Cooling towers.
4. Pumps (centrifugal).
Parts of an A C U:
1. Cooling towers. Types of aircon:
2. Air curtain. 1. Unitary type/package type. depends on refrigerants as their cooling method.
Advantages:
Aircon load: (HP, 115 V, 230 V) a. Control is at hand of the occupant or tenant.
1/6, 4.4 amperes, 2.2 amperes. b. Cooling towers, chillers, pumps, pipings are avoided, saving space.
1/4, 5.8 amperes, 2.9 amperes. Disavantages:
1/3, 7.2 amperes, 3.6 amperes. a. Noise (creates sound).
1/2, 9.8 amperes, 4.9 amperes. b. Room units have shorter life than central plants.
3/4, 13.8 amperes, 6.9amperes. Systems: 1/4 to 3 horsepower:
1, 16 amperes, 8amperes. a. Unit type.
1 1/2, 20mperes, 10mperes. b. Through the wall.
2, 24mperes, 12mperes. c. Window type.
3, 34mperes, 17mperes. 2. Package type A C system:
a. Needs from 3 tons to 100 tons (1 ton to 1 horsepower).
A C system: Location: where there is running water.
1. Unitarian: 3. Centralized air conditioning system:
a. Package. a. Have a machine/air conditioning room.
b. Cabinet. b. Bigger space to be airconditioned.
277837653.doc
 3. Needs a duct wall.
3 to 10 changes of air per hour at .45 cubic meter per minute.
Most common systems:
1. Air to refrigerants to air. room air is cooled by contact with cool refrigerants and then becomes warm.
Warm refrigerants is then cooled by contact with outside air.
2. Air to refrigerant to water to air. if air-cooled condensers are not available, therefor cooling is needed.
Thus this will take thye water that has removed the heat from hot refrigerant and give heat to outdoor air.
3. Ait to water to refrigerant to water. complete heat transfer/most economical.
Condenser. a heat exchange device in a refrigeration system; consist of a vessel or arrangement
of pipes or tubing in which refrigerant vapor is liquified by the removal of heat.
Evaporator. that part of a refrigeration system in which refrigerant is vaporized; thereby taking up external
heat and producing cooling.
Adiabatic saturation. water to unsaturated air to increase humidity ratio.
Humidity ratio. weight of actual water vapor over pounds of dry air.
Dew point. temperature when water vapor becomes saturated and turn to water.

System of distribution: Dry bulb temperature. temperature of vapor in fahrenheit thermometer, temperature of a gas or mixture of
1. Air to air. gases indicated by an accurate thermometer after correction for radiation.
2. Air to air.
3. Chemical/refrigerants: Wet bulb temperature. the temperature at which liquid or solid water, by evaporation into air, can bring the
a. Ammonia. air to saturation adiabatically at the same temperature.
b. Freon 11 and 12.
Enthalphy. BTU per minute in fluid or gas.
System of airconditioning: Psychrometer. instrument to determine moisture in air.
1. Cooling by compressive refrigeration. Relative humidity. saturation of water vapor present in air.
2. Cooling by absorption. Sensible heat. changing temperature without changing its state.
3. Thermoelectric cooling.
Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC):
Thermostat. device which respond to change of temperature and directly or indirectly controls it.
Hydrostat/humidistat. a device which measures the degree of moisture in air. Heat and temperature:

Relay. electrical device which protects and controls the thermostat, uses electrical energy to amplify or Sensible heat. heat through touch.
convert power of a thermostat. Absolute temperature. below freezing point.
Pyometer. device for extremely high temperature.
Air lock. a space which is designed to isolate an air conditioned space from another space which it is
connected. A space which is designed to isolate an air conditioned space from another space to which it is Thermocouple. device for indicating sensible heat through uniting 2 wires.
connected.
Katathermometer. alcohol thermometer to determine air movement and air distribution.
Air velocity. a quantity which donates the instantaneous time rate and direction of air motion.
Pressure regulator. instrument sensitive to changes in pressure. Heat transmission:
Control valve. any valve used to regulate fluid flow.
Conduction. from body to body when it is in contact.
Convection. by motion of the particle.
Radiation. transmitting rays of heat through air.
Reflection and absorption:

Highly polish. reflects more absorb less.

Dull surface. absorbs more reflect less.

Heat units:

Compressor. a machine that draws vaporized refrigerants from the evaporator at a low pressure, compact US-BTU.
it, and then discharge it to a condenser.
Kilogram calorie. 1,000 grams calories, 3968 BTU.
Accumulator. a vessel whose volume is used to reduce pulsation in a refrigerant circuit.
Latent heat:
Cooling tower. a structure on the roof of a building over which water is circulated, so as to cool it Latent heat of vaporization. liquid to gas and vice-versa.
evaporatively by contact of air. Latent heat of fusion. liquid to solid and vice versa.

Heat and work:

277837653.doc
Thermodynamics. heat to work or work to heat.
Mechanical equivalent. 1 BTU to 778 feet-pounds. Acoustics: the science of sound, including the generation, transmission, and effect of sound waves. 3
elements:
Machine room. consist of refrigeration plants that chills water that is circulated to one or handling units. 1. Sound source: desirable and undesirable.
2. Path. transmission of sound.
Vapor lock. the formation of vapor in a pipe carrying liquids which prevents normal fluid flow due to wrong 3. Receiver.
application of freon gas.
Sound:
Humidifier. a device used for moistening air to a desired degree. 1. Objective: flunctuation in pressure, a particle displacement in an elastic medium like air.
Cold packet. usually refer to as the drafts in air condition. 2. Subjective: auditory sensation evoked by the physical fluctuation.

Flue. it is the byproduct of combustion. Parts of sound:

1. Frequency.
Conductivity. defined as the number of BTUH that flow through one squar foot of materiaL one inch thick 2. Velocity.
when the temperature drop through the material under conditions of steady heat flow is one degree 3. Wavelength.
Fahrenheit.
Frequency. Pressure fluctuation per second; rate of repetition of a periodic phenomenon (determines the
Enthalpy. the total heat in the mixture measured above zero degree Fahrenheit, including the latent heat of pitch of a sound); number of displacement or ascillations that a particle undergoes in one second; unit of
water vapor. frequency: Hertz = cps (cycle per second); the higher the frequency, the higher the pitch; normal ear
responds to sounds within the audio frequency range of about 20 to 20,000 hertz. Multitudes of frequency
Plenum. an air conditioning compartment maintained under a pressure slightly above (components):
atmospheric and connected to one or more distribution duets. 1. Low.
2. Medium.
Incinerator. a furnace for consuming waste by fire. 3. High.
Pressure regulator. instrument sensitive to change in pressure.
C P S. cycle per second, frequency per second.
Parts of a package type air cond: Focusing. concave dome sound reflection.
1. Motor out. Foci. sound foci, focusing.
2. Air filter.
3. Grille. Wavelength. the distance a sound wave travels during each complete cycle of vibration; the
4. Evaporator. distance between layers of compression; wavelength = speed of sound / frequency (f/m).
5. Motor in.
6. Compressor. Characteristics of sound:
7. Fan and blower. Cycle. full circuit by the particle.
8. Viscous filter. Amplitude. maximum displacement of a particle to either side of its normal position during vibration.
9. Distribution grille. Pure tone. one enrgy, one frequency; simplest kind of sound because it is composed entirely of a single
10 Condenser. frequency.
Musical tone. combination of many pure tones.
Heating, ventilation, and airconditioning. process of treating air to control its temperature. Velocity. sound travels at a velocity that depends primarily on the elasticity and density of the medium.

Heat transmission: Magnitudes of sound:

1. Conductor. transfer of heat from a place of higher temperature to a place of a lower 1. Sound power. (w) sound power in watts.
temperature. 2. Sound intensity. power radiated in a specified direction through unit area normal to this direction.
2. Convection. transfer of heat by motion of the particle of the heated substance itself. 3. Sound pressure. variation from normal atmosphere pressure.
3. Radiation. process of transmitting rays of heat by passing through air. 4. Decibel. unit of sound (in terms of magnitude); a dimensionless unit for expressing the ratio of 2
numerical values on a logarithmic scale.
Common heat distribution system: 5. Sabin, sabine. sound absorption unit as called in honor of a pioneer in architectural acoustics; unit of
1. Burner/boiler. source of heating. sound in the term of reverberation.
Common methods of distributing heat:
1. Forced circulation of warm air. Flutter. buzzing or clicking sound; rapid succession of reflected soundwaves resulting from a
2. Hot water. single initial sound pulse.

Latent heat. heat due to changing state of that substance. Diffusion. ray diagramming; reflected sound from convex surfaces; Sound level is everywhere the same.
Latent heat of evaporation. change is from liquid to gaseous state.
Latent heat of fusion. change is from solid to the liquid/liquid to the solid state.
277837653.doc
Echo. reflected sound; a sound wave reflected or otherwise returned with sufficient magnitude and delay so
as to be perceived as a sound distinct from the directly transmitted sound. Condenser. a vessel or arrangement of pipe or tubing in which vapor is liquified by removal of
heat.
Reflection. the reflection of sound from a surface.
Convection. transfer of heat by movement of fluid.
Background noise. Cold pockets. draughts/drafts in air condition.
Duct. tube or channel through which air is conveyed or moved.
Masking noise (acoustic perfume). Damper. a device used to vary the volume of air passing through an air outlet, inlet, or duct.
Noise. unwanted sound.
Desicant. any absorbent/absorber, liquid or solid that will remove water vapor from a material.
Decay time. reverberation time.
Engine. device for transforming fuel or heat energy into mechanical energy.
Reverberation. Prolonged sound; persistaence of sound after the source has stopped; due to
repeated reflections of the sound remaining between the enclosing surface. Generator. basic part of absortion systems; provided with means of heating used to drive
refrigerant out of solution.
Structural noise. structural borne transmission. Filter. a device to remove solid material from a fluid.
Air borne noise. air borne transmission. Heat. the form of energy that is transformed by virtue of a temperature difference.
Absorption. sound energy being absorbed. Horse power. unit of a power in foot-pound-second system, work done at the rate of 550 feet
The best sound absorber is people. pound per second or 33,000 feet pound per minute.
Generation. is the source of sound. Hooper. an inverted funnel leading into a ventilating flue.
Creep. sound reflected from a curved surface. Humidity. water vapor within a given space.
Focusing. occurs when sound waves are reflected from concave surfaces and build up.
Attenuation factor. used to describe the room to room noise reduction of a particular Induction. the entrainment of room air by the jet action of a primary air stream discharging from an air
construction. outlet.
Impact transmission. what happens when a structure is in direct contact with a vibrating source
or is struck by an impulsive force. Appliance. a utilization equipment, generally industrial, built-in, standard form and size, installed as a unit to
Materials can be absorptive or reflective. perform one or more function. (such as washing, cooking, mixing, etceteras).
Fire safety:
1. Fire and smoke proof passages. Askarel. a synthetic non-flammable insulating liquid, which when decomposed by electric arc, evolves only
2. Standpipe locations. non-flammable gaseous mixture.
3. Accessibility for the disabled.
Branch circuit. is that portion of a wiring system extending beyond the final overcurrent device protecting
Mechnical equipments: the circuit. Types:
1. Appliance. only for appliances.
Absorber. device containing for refrigerant vapor/vapors. 2. General purpose. for appliances and lights.
Acceleration. the derivative of velocity with time. 3. Individual. for one equipment only.

Accumulation:
Surge drum. a storage chamber for low-side liquid refrigerant.
Surge header. a pressure vessel whose volume is used as a refrigerant circuit to reduce
pulsation.
Aeration. exposing a substance, or area to air circulation.
Building. a solitary structure that stands alone from other structures divided by open space or by fire walls.
Circuit breaker. a device to open and close a circuit by non-automatic means, and to open the circuit
automatically or a predetermined overload of current, without injury to itself when properly applied to its
rating.

Air-conditioning. the process of treating air so as to control simultaneously its temperature, Concealed. rendered in accessible by the structure or finish of the building wires in concealed raceways
humidity, cleanliness, distribution, to meet the requirements of the conditioned space. are considered concealed even though they may become accessible by withdrawing them.

Barometer. instrument used for measuring atmospheric pressure.
Boiler. a closed vessel in which a liquid is heated or vaporized.
Boiling point. the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the absolute external pressure
at the liquid vapor interface.
Connector, pressure. (solderless) a pressure wire connector is a device which establishes the connection
between 2 or more conductors or between 1 or more conductors and a terminal by means of mechanical
pressure and without the use of solder.
Continuous load. a load where the maximum current is expected to continue for 3 hours or more.

Calorimeter. device for measuring quality of steam or other vapor. Controller. a device/devices, which serves to govern in a predetermined manner, the electric power
delivered to the apparatus to which it is connected.
Coil. a cooling/heating element made of pipe or tubing.
277837653.doc
Demand factor. is the ratio of the maximum demand of the system, or part of a system under Service conductors. the supply conductors which extend from the street main, or from transformers to
consideration. the service equipment of the premises supplied.
Disconnecting means. a device or group od devices, or other means of which the conductor of a circuit can
be disconnected from their source of supply. Service drop. the overhead service conductor between the last pole or other aerial support, to and
including the splicer (if any), to the service entrance conductors at the building/structure.
Duty, continuous. intermittent duty is a requirement of service that demands operation for alternate intervals
of: Service entrance conductors. 2 types:
1. Load and no load. 1. Overhead system.
2. Load and rest. 2. Underground system.
3. Load, no load, and rest. Service lateral. the underground service conductors between the main street.
Switchboard. a large single panel, frame, or assembly of panels, on which are mounted, on the
Exposed. not concealed, a live part can be inadvertently touched or approached nearer than a safe distance face or back or both, switches, overcurrent, and other protective devices, buses, and usually
by a person. It is applied to parts not suitable guarded, isolated or insulated. instruments.
Thermal cut-out. an overcurrent protective device which contains a heater element in addition to and
Feeder. is the circuit conductors between the service equipment and the branch circuit affecting a renewable fusible member whichs opens the circuit. It is not designed to interrupt short circuit
overcurrent device. currents.

Ground. a conducting connection, whether intentional or accidental, between and electrical circuit or Ampere. unit of current when 6.251 Ao8 electrons pass a given cross section in one second.
equipment and earth, or some conducting body which serves in place of the earth.
Volt. unit of electrical potential.
Grounded. connected to the earth.
Hoistway. any shaftway, hatchway, weel hole, or other vertical opening or space. OHM. unit of resistance due to friction in the conductor for direct current (DC), unit of impedance due to
friction in the conductor for alternating current circuit (A C).
Impedence. comprised of resistance and reactance causes a phase difference between voltage and
current. Electric circuit. as a complete conducting current from one source of electricity to and through
some electrical device and back to the source.
Lighting outlet. an outlet intended for the direct connection of a lampholder, a lighting fixture, or a
pendant and terminating in a lampholder. Direct current (DC). when flow of electric current takes place at constant time rate.
Alternating current (A C). when the flow of current is periodically varying in time rate and in
Location. 3 types: direction.
1. Damp. Pulsating current (PC or RC). when alternating current is rectified or change to direct current.
2. Dry. Series curcuit. all separate parts of the circuit carry the same current.
3. Wet. Parallel circuit. when more than one branch of a circuit is connected between the same 2 points.
Abbreviations:
Multi-outlet assembly. a type of surface or flush raceway designed to hold conductors and DS. downspout.
attachments plug receptacles, assembled in the field or at the factory. FD. floor drain.
Outlet. a point on the wiring system at which is taken to supply utilization equipment. CB. catch basin.
Panelboard. a single or group of panels unit designed for assembly in the form of a single panel. CISP, DH.cast iron soil pipe, double hub.
Raceway. any channel for holding wires, cables, or busboxes. Maybe of metal conduit, rigid, non-metallic, CISP, SH. cast iron soil pipe, single hub.
flexible metallic tubing, cellular concrete/metal flow raceways. Duplex convinient outlet, F M.
Duplex cinvenient outlet, S M.
Junction box. source of supply to an appliance lighting, source of power, etceteras. D C O, WP. duplex convenient outlet, weather proof.
VSTR. vent stack through roof.
Receptacle (C O). is a contact device installed at an outlet for the connection of an attachment to PVC. plasticized polyvinyl chloride.
a flexible cord. PS. product safety.
GIP. galvanized iron pipe, grade 30 minimum.
Receptacle outlet. an outlet where one or more receptacles are installed. ASTM. American system testing material.
Terms for transformer to water heater: FM. floor mounted or flush mounted.
SM. surface mounted.
Service. the conductors and equipment for delivering energy from the electricity supply system to the PVC. Polyvinyl chloride.
wiring system of the premise supplied. CISP. cast iron soil pipe.
RMP. registered master plumber.
Service cable. is the service conductors made up in the form of a cable. NAMPAP.
CLFS. Chief of the local fire service.
CAA. civil aeronautic administration (height clearance in airports).
277837653.doc
PPA. Philippine ports authority. Duraplex.
NPCC. National pollution control commission. Generator set:
RSC. Rigid steel conduit. G E.
Ckt. circuit. Westinghouse.
KVA. Kilovolt per ampere. Asia Brown Boviry.
KWA. Kilowatt per ampere. Transformer:
PEE. Professional electrical engineer. Philec.
IIEE. Institute of intigrated electrical engineer. G E.
BTU. British thermal unit. Westinghouse.
PME. Professional mechanical engineer. Lighting fixture:
PSME. G E.
RHW. Moisture and heat resistant rubber. Philips.
T. Thermoplastic. National.
TW. Moisture resistant thermoplastic. Switches/C O:
THW. Moisture and heat resistant thermoplastic. National.
THHN. Heat resistant thermoplastic. Veto.
THWN. Moisture and heat resistant thermoplastic. Ever.
XHHN. Moisture and heat resistant cross-linked thermosetting polythylene. Rectifier:
SA. Silicone-asbestos. National panasonic.
AVA. Asbestos and varnish Cambric. Elevator:
Fuji.
Brand names: Hundai.
Otis.
PVC: Kone.
Atlanta. Goldstar.
Emerald. Westinghouse.
Moldex. Hitachi.
Neltex. Mitsubishi.
Standard. O & K.
RSC: Escalator:
Matchusita. Otis.
Triangle. Westinghouse.
Korea. Goldstar.
Pusan. Hitachi.
IMC: Mitsubishi.
Matchusita. Air Conditioner:
Maruichi. Fedders.
Nippon. Westinghouse.
Setsuyu. Carrier.
EXT: Condura.
Maruichi. Allen air.
Matchusita. National Panasonic.
Junction box: Daikin.
Sun bright. Amona.
Timco. Water heater:
Rheostat (beamer): National.
G E. Westinghouse.
Ever. Sprinkler heads:
Circuit breaker/panels/control: Globe.
Ever. Fire alarm:
Fujihiya. Nohmi Bosai.
Westinghouse. Galvanized iron:
Wire: Goodyear.
Columbia. Super.
Phelt dodge.
277837653.doc
 Apo. General outlets:
Meayer.
Little giant. Outlet:
Cast iron: Electrical outlet:
Dong tek. Wall clock:
Asa. Fan outlet:
Silva. Outlet for vapor discharge lamp:
Plumbing fixture: Exit light outlet:
Saniwares. Ceiling fan outlet:
American Standard. Junction box:
Kolher. Pull switch:
Briggs. Lamp holder:
Plumbing accessories: Lamp holder with full switch:
Gerber. Drop-chord equipped.
Zuechetti. Blanked outlet:
Great volume. Universal outlet:
Clean outs: Incandescent light outlet:
Metma. Flourescent light outlet:
Asa. Telephone outlet:
U S.P.
Valves and controls: Convenience outlets:
Great volume.
Crane. Duplex C O:
Kitz. Water proof convenience outlet:
Clayton. Weather proof C O:
Keystone. Weather proof duplex C O:
Toyo. Switch and duplex outlet:
Range outlet:
Symbols: Heavy duty outlet:
Duplex C O split wire:
Ceiling receptacle: Special purpose:
C O wall outlet: Floor outlet:
Vertical lines-wall. Radio C O:
Horizontal lines-terminal. TV C O:
Ceiling outlet incandescent lamp: Floor outlet:
Fan outlet: Lamp holder with pull switch:
Flourescent: Vapor discharge lamp (ceiling):
Suspended lamp: Flourescent lamp:
Heavy duty: Outlet with blank cover:
Pinlight: Junction box:
Eyeball pinlight: Special purpose outlet:
Flood light: Range outlet:
Circuit line for lights:
Circuit line for C O: Switch outlets:
Master switch: S/S: single pole/togle switch.
Range, ref, freezer, air con, water heater: S1,2: double gang light switch.
Washing machine: S1,2,3: three gang light switch.
OKT (2 wire OKT): 2SW: two way switch.
OKT (3 wire OKT raceway): 3SW: three way switch.
Switch: S1. SD: automatic door switch.
a. S2W. 2 way. SWD: weather proof switch.
b. S3W. 3 way. Sp: switch and pilot light.
c. S4W. 4 way. Sf: fused switch.
Bell: SWf: weather fused switch.
SCB: circuit breaker.
277837653.doc
SwcB: weather switch. Automatic Fire Alarm Device:
S. Single pole switch. Watchman's Station:
S2. double pole switch. Watchman's Central Station:
S3. 3 pole switch. Horn:
S4. 4 pole switch. Nurse's Signal Plug:
SD. Automatic door switch. Maid's Signal Plug:
SE. Electrolier switch. Radio Outlet:
SK. 4. 4 pole switch. Signal Central Station:
SD. Automatic door switch. Interconnection Box:
SE. Electrolier switch. Battery:
SK. Key Operated Switch. Auxiliary System Circuits:
SP. Switch and Pilot Lamp.
SCB. Circuit Breaker. Panels, circuit, and miscellaneous:
SWCB. Weatherproof Circuit Breaker.
SMC. Momentary Contact Switch. Lighting panel board:
SRC. Remote Control Switch. Power panel:
SWP. WEatherproof Switch. Pull box:
SF. Fused Switch. Controller:
SWF. Weatherproof Fused Switch. Transformer:
Weatherproof service entrance:
Auxilliary systems: Electric motor:
Circuit homerun:
Push button: Service entrance:
Smoke fire alarm: Water pump outlet:
Buzzer bell: Underfloor duct and junction box:
Bell: International access symbol for telephone:
Annunciator: International access symbol for elevator:
Outside telephone: Lightning Panel:
Interconnecting telephone: Power Panel:
Telephone switchboard: Branch Circuit; Concealed in Ceiling or Wall:
Telephone outlet: Branch Circuit; Concealed in Floor:
Bell-ringer transformer: Branch Circuit; Exposed:
Maid's single plug: Home Run to Panel Board. Indicate number of Circuits by number of arrows:
Interconnection box: Feeders:
Battery: Underfloor Duct and Junction Box. Triple System:
Motor: Generator:
Main connecting switch: Motor:
Electric door opener: Instrument:
Surge arrester: Power Transformer:
Lightning arrester: Controller:
Ground: Isolating Switch:
Fuse cutout:
Push Button: Plumbing:
Duzzer:
Bell: Gate valve (screwed type):
Annunciator: Globe valve (screwed type):
Outside Telephone: Angle globe valve plan and elevation:
Interconnecting Telephone: Float valve:
Telephone Switchboard: Union screwed:
Bell Ringing Transformer: High pressure steam in heating and ventilating piping:
Electric Door Opener: Thermostat:
Fire Alarm Bell: Refrigerator:
Fire Alarm Station: Heating and ventilating symbol for condenser water flow:
City Fire Alarm Station:
Fire Alarm Central Station: Draw:
277837653.doc
Switch with cover: Typical sprinkler head of quartzoid bulbs:
Convenience outlet:
G I elbow: 110 millimeters diameter 45 degree bend, S P branch:

110 millimeter diameter by 110 millimeter diameter branch single wye 45 degree:

110 millimeter diameter by 75 millimeter diameter branch single 45 degree (wye reducer):

G I street elbow: 2 inches by 4 inches utility box with 1 and a half diameter K O:

Entrance cap, 3w:

L B condulets:

Pigtail, electrical socket:

G I union:
Cross section of a check valve:
Cross section of a foot valve:
Float valve (side view):
Angle valve showing a supply pipe to the water tank of a water closet (cross section):
G I waterplug:
G I water pipe cap:

Pantry sink goose neck faucet H & C: 3 spool electrical post bracket:
Flat head wood screw:
1/2 inch diameter by 2 inches G I close nipple:

Hose bibb:

Siamese connection to a dry standpipe:

Diagram of a fire hose rack to a dry standpipe connection, identify and label fitting:

Typical connection of a 1/2 inch diameter RSC to a metal utility box, label connectors:

1/2 inch diameter P V C elbow (for conduits):

Porcelain split knob with wood screw (x-section): Sheet metal screw:

Ceiling light receptacle, S M (x-section showing electrical wire in mica tube): Countersunk rivet:

Ceiling light receptacle, F M (x-section showing utility box): Turnbuckle, stub ends:

Duplex convenience outlet, S M: Profile of a recessed type swimming pool gutter:

2 gang toggle switch, F M: Plan of turnstile, rigid arm type traffic control:

Duplex convenience outlet, F M/W P: Cartidge fuse, knife blade contact:

110 millimeters diameter C I soil pipe, D H: Plug fuse:

50 millimeters diameter C I soil pipe, S H: R S C locknut and bushing, show how it is used:

Cross-section of a typical R C catch basin showing 75 millimeters diameter P V C D S and 110 millimeter 4 inches by 4 inches octagonal utility box with 1/2 inch diameter K O:
diameter P V C outlets (sewer pipes):
Armored cable, 3w:
277837653.doc
 Grease trap:
110 millimeters diameter soil pipe, S H:

110 millimeter diameter 1/4 bend, D H, sanitary pipe fitting:

110 millimeter diameter 1/4 inch bend. sanitary pipe fitting:

110 millimeter by 90 millimeters double wye; reducer:

2 inches by 1 and a half diameter tap tee: H & B connection with rubber ring:
1/2 inch diameter G I union patente: Turnbuckle with hook and eye ends:
3/4 inch diameter by 1/2 inch diameter G I coupling reducer: Oval head wood screw:
110 millimeter diameter clean out, C I S P fitting: Oval head stove bolt:
50 millimeter diameter u-trap, P V C soil pipe fitting: Siamese connection, triple roof manifold:
Sectional diagram of a dry standpipe with siamese connection at ground floor and with fire hose attachment Concealed siamese and wall hydrant (show face only):
in upper floors up to 5th floor:
Condulet:
V T R using C I S P as vent pipe, roofing is of corrugated G I sheet on wood purlins/rafters. show
waterproofing: Catridge fuse ferrule contact:
Connection of service wires to R C column. Hair pin cold cathode lamp/tube:
Connection of hot and cold waterlines: Connection of water line from main to house:
Acoustic ceiling: Connection from main to water service meter with saddle clamp:
Acoustic wall:
Carpet connection to floor: Male threaded adaptor:
Oval sink: 20 millimeter diameter end pipe:
Escutheon: 32 millimeter diameter by 25 millimeter diameter socket reducer:
20 millimeter diameter female threaded adaptor UPVC water pipe fitting: G I nipple 5 inches long:
Carriage bolt: G I coupling:

G I tee reducer:

1/4 bend elbow D H:

Machine bolt:
Lag bolt:
2 inches C W nail:

Button head cap screw:

Olive knuckle butt hinge:

Cabin hook:

277837653.doc
 Guy. Tension wire.
Rubber. Insulating material.
Damper. Valve for controling air flow.
Silver. Best conductor of electricity.
The best conductor of heat is Helium (in its Helium II liquid state), which can conduct heat better than diamond or
silver.

Septic vault for 4 br residence for 10 people: Bidet. Plumbing fixtures.

Air conditioning. Freon gas.
Draw a toilet and bathroom with WC, shower bath, lavatory, and floor drain with plumbing lines in plan and Conduit. PVC.
isometric:
Trap. Plumbing device.
Elevator:
Escalator: Decibel. Sound energy.
Standard water closet: Parallel. Electrical wiring connection.
Gate valve: BX. Armored cable.
Globe valve:
Single pole single throw switch: Grille. Air conditioning part.

@ pole single throw switch. Ferrous Bicarbonate. Iron found in water.

3 pole and solid neutral switch (3P & SN): Algae. Odor in water.
Frank Lloyd Wright. Architect of Imperial hotel, Tokyo.
Single pole double throw switch. Yamasaki. Architect of the world trade center.
Alvar Aalto. Architect of Baker Dormitory, Boston.
Single pole double throw with center off position (in control work called a hand off automatic switch): PVDC. Plastic pipe.

Use of 2 single pole double throw (3 way) swithc for switching of a lighting circuit from 2 locations:
B.E.:
The National Electric code is concerned with safety electrical installation only and is not intended
as design specifications nor an instruction manual for untrained persons.
An ordinary flashlight dry-cell battery will, if fresh, develop only approximately 3 1/2 to 1.5 volts.
The amount of electrical current in amperes depends on the number of electrons flowing fast a given point
in one second.
The constant speed in electricity at which power flows, is the same as the speed of light, or
186,000 miles per second.
It is a known fact that the greater the current in a wire, the greater the voltage drop and the greater
the power loss in the form of heat.
The septic tank is a device to expedite the decomposition.
The material most commonly used for waste, soil, and vent installation in plumbing system is the black iron.
Hydrostat. contol device sensitive to the degree of moisture in the air; Control moisture in air.
Candle power. unit of illumination.
Vitrified clay pipe. the kind of plumbing pipe generally used for sewers and drains.
Chlorine. a chemical injected to neutralize the objectionable bacteria as an added procaution against water
pollution.
Gases formed in the septic tank are discharged into the atmosphere by means of ventilation.
A dry well is sometimes called seepage pit.
Filter trench. best adapted for disposal and treatment of effluent in clay soil where natural drainage terminal
is available.
Trickle. The most efficient system used extensively for secondary treatment of sewer.
Dry well. A hole in the ground curbed with stone or brick laid in such a manner as to allow raw
contaminated sewage to leach into the soil.

Acid resistance pipe usually is an alloy of black iron and sulphur.
The gases which occurs in public sewage system is caused by the decomposition of organic material within
the sewer itself.
It is not permissible to discharge large volume of storm water into a septic tank.
Flourescent lamps can also operate even if the voltage is considerably below their rated voltage.
Carbon Monoxide. Fire extinguishment.
Anaerobic bacteria survives only in places that lack oxygen.
Cast iron pipe is manufactured in length of 5 feet.
Cast iron pipe is joined by caulking made of oakum.
Static pressure. the pressure exerted by water at rest.
Aeration. A process which consists of spraying water into the atmosphere through jets.
Globe valves. valves that are best suited to main supply lines for which operation is infrequent.
Centrifugal pump. pump most commonly used for the elevation of wastes in modern building.
277837653.doc
Number 14. minimum size of conductor allowed for housing wiring.
Caulking. a term for plugging an opening with oakum and lead that are pounded into place.
The quality of light is measured in terms of Lumens.
Vent pipe is a pipe provided to ventilate a house drainage system and to prevent the trap
siphonage from other fixtures to the house drain; is that portion of the drainage installation
designed to maintain atmospheric pressure, and prevent trap seal loss.
Conduit pipe used for electrical installations are commonly manufactured in length of 10 feet.
Siphonage is caused by plus pressure, responsible for trap seal loss.
Soil pipe is that portion of the plumbing system which receives the discharge of water closets with or
without additional drain.
Water closet is a plumbing fixture used to convey organic body waste to the plumbing system.
Atoms are particles made up principally of electrons and protons.
Traps is a device in plumbing system constructed to prevent the passage of sewer air.
Radiant heating is the loss of heat by means of warmed partition panels or floors in rooms.
The flow of current in electrical circuit is impeded by resistance which is the electrical term for friction.
Hydropneumatic tank is used to store air under pressure and reduce the frequency of starting and stopping
the pumps.
Ammeter is a device or instrument by which the electric power maybe measured.
Relay is a device that uses electrical energy to amplify or control the thermostat.
G I pipes are manufactured in the length of 20 feet.
Check valves is a device that prevent backflow of water.
Generator. machine that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy.
Creep. reflection of sound from a curved surface.
Freon in air conditioning must be compressed and liquified in order to absorb heat.
Echo. sound waves reflected with such magnitude and delay.
Rotary converter. device used to transform alternating current to direct current.
Continuity of an electrical circuit can conveniently be determined in the field by means of a bell and battery
set.
Basement. portion of a hoistway extending from the threshold level of the lowest landing door to
the floor at the bottom of the hoistway.
Counterweight. in a theater stagehouse, a weight used to balance suspended scenery or the like.
Air-motor. air operated device used to open or close a damper or valve.
Wattmeter. device to measure electric power.
Safety switch. protects equipment and appliances in case of current fluctuation.
Volt. electric pressure measurement.
Thermostat. device sensitive to change in temperature.
Pressure gauge. water pressure instrument.
Mica. material which can best withstand high electricity.
Slate. poorest conductor of electricity.
The flow of electricity is measured in ampere.
Surface water produces insolubility in soaps and incrustation of pipes, while ground water possess opposite
characteristics.
Rain water is adapted for washing but not for drinking.
PVC pipes should not be specified for water from a deep well carrying an appreciable amount of
lime.
When the downfeed system of water supply is employed in a multi-story building, flush valve W C and
urinals can be installed in all floors.
Advances and modern technics in the manufacture of PVC pipes noe permits its use for hot and cold water
supply systems.
One of the causes of failure of water test in sanitary installations is thye presence of pinholes in
the walls of a cast iron pipes used in the system.
Tee fittings should only be used for vent stacks.
Double hub fittings are principally used to reverse the position of the hub of a cast iron pipe.
House drain should have a minimum slope of 20 millimeters for every meter and should be connected to the
house sewer of the same size.
Shower bath is a plumbing fixture.
4 advantages of concealed wire over open wire types:
4 favoring factors for using fliament over flourescent lamp lighting:
4 disavantages of PVC compared to metallic conduit pipes:
4 electrical equipments that requires independent circuits:
The velocity of sound waves depends on the elasticity and density of its medium. they travel fast in steel.
Common material that has the least coefficient for sound absorption is metal.
In a room with concave walls, the reflected sound will produce echo.
A vital consideration in securing good acoustics in a room is shape of the room.
Automatic sprinkler systems operate under a control of electrical process.
A coil of electric wire is called a solenoid.
Semi-direct lighting units are appropriately used for classrooms.
Indirect lighting units are appropriately used for offices.
The density of the luminous flux on a surface is lumen.
The reflection of light is influenced by the color as well as the smoothness of the surface, pink is the color
that reflects more light.
Lumen meter. instrument that indicates light intensity in foot candles.
277837653.doc
Clay tiles. roof covering material that allows the least flow of heat through the roof due to solar
radiation.
Air conditioning. modern method of controlling various factors in order to obtain indoor conditions
satisfying human comforts and health.
The split type of air conditioning is best suited for theaters.
The sides of A C rectangular ducts should not have a greater ratio of widths than 4 to 1.
Elevators in building are subject to the registration and inspection by the office of chief of fire
department.
Escalators are appropriate for department store type of establishment.
Freight elevators are normally required for airports.
T fitting should never be used with pipes carrying sewage.
No vent stack or branch should have a diameter of less than 1/2 that of the soil or waste stack
served.
No stack serving a water closet shaould have less than 100 millimeter diameter.
Windows. most satisfactory air outlet for natural ventilation.
Saturation. amount of water vapor with a given amount of air.
In a centralized air-conditioning system, air that should not be criculated are those coming from
kitchen.
In hospital air-conditioning, separate units should be provided for operating room.
The direct expansion system system of air-conditioning is best suited for theaters.

For elevators, the balance weight of the car usually equals the weight of the car plus 40 percent of A ray of light is reflected in one definite direction when it strikes a surface lined with aluminum.
the car capacity.
In school buildings, the room that requires magnitude of illumination is the gymnasium.
The landing zone for an automatic type of elevator car is 200 millimeters above and below a landing.
Freedom from variation in degree of illumination in a room means diffusion.
Cable. Major part of elevator. Uniformity of distribution, color, quality and case of control of light distribution are some points in favor of
Rheostat. controls speed of motor. flourescent lamps.
Safety. codes, ordinances and standards.
Special installation requirements for sprinkler system includes sloping water proof floors with floor drains.
M G set. part of elevator machines.
Automatic sprinkler systems are installed in buildings that has low water pressure.
Damper. regulates supply of air.
Baffles. directs the flow of air. Vertical pipes extending from the basement to the top floor with outlets for attachment of fire hose in every
Thermometer. responds to change of temperature. floor is called stand pipe.

Filters. electronic or mechanical. Elevators may be classified according to several schemes and one of them is car capacity.
Mechanical. ventilation for toilets.
Escalators are best suited and installed mostly in stores.
Candle power. Light unit intensity. A major part in any elevator installation is the pit.

Lumens. light unit quantity. When the source of sound in a room has ceased, the effect of the sound will continue, such lingering sound
Filament lamp. direct lighting. is called reverberation.

Flourescent lamp. indirect lighting. In an auditorium, the best sound absorber are the audience.

Thermostat. determines moisture content of air. Time of reverberation is less in a room that is with convex walls.
Loudness. transmission in sound.
Reverberation. reflection of sound. On striking walls, sound waves are reflected and part of the energy is converted to heat and is thus
Absorption. diffusion of sound. absorbed.
Distortion. resonance in sound.
Vibrations. characteristic of sound. Knobs and tubes. open wiring installation.
In the installation of a gate valve, either end may be used as inlet.
Locknut and bushing. metal conduit installation.
Pipe fitting may be of different material is the pipe.
Adaptors. PVC conduit installation.
MWSS requires its commodity users to install water meters in order to identify illegal users.
Fuses. renewable or one time.
Other public water supply, the MWSS is also involved in limited piped sewer collection. Selonoid. coil of electric wires.
Underground. service entrance.
Mixing valve is a supply fitting which maintains water at a desired temperature. 110 to 220 volt. 3 wire service drop.
277837653.doc
Electrical code. safety. 110 to 220 volt. voltage between given conductor and any other conductor in the circuit.
Tungsten filament. incandescent lamp.
Ammeter. measures high insulation resistance. Service drop. Wire from Meralco pole to building attachment.
Service entrance. wire from entrance cap to main switch.
Volatage regulator. limits surge voltage on equipments. Air conditioner. required independent circuit.

Intercom. master and slave station. Storage battery. produces d-c current.
Motor generator. alternator.
Pull box. for pulling of conductors in raceways.
Utiltity box. for mounting light switches. Power factor. A C power (watt) / voltage times amperes
Junction box. for mounting light outlet. Lightning rod. protects building from lightning.
Lightning arrester. Protects wiring from lightning.
Generator. charges storage batteries. Voltage drop. the difference in emf between 2 points in an electrical circuit.
Short circuit. cause fire or dangerous explosion.
Water pipe. where system grounding is connected to.
Insulation. non-conducting material. Resistor. controls current flow in an electrical circuit.
Switch. a device to open or close an electrical circuit.
Clean out. a pipe fitting for cleaning pipe runs. Cut-out box. contains fuses for electrical circuits.

Flush valves. a flush tank attached to a toilet bowl.
Corporation cock. a vlaved placed near junction with public water main.
Waste pipe. pipe use for carrying waste or storm water.
Dry well. same as cesspool.
Faucet. also called bibb or cock.
A furnished room has better acoustics than a barren one.
Automatic sprinkler system operates under a control of electrical process.
Sound travels faster in air than in steel or water.
Humidity is water vapor within a given space or environment.
The ratio of the weight of a substance to the weight of a reference material is called specific gravity.

Pressure releif damper. a valve to discharge excess pressure in excess of a preset limit. Unit air conditioners when installed under windows are generally satisfactory.

Shower head. in a shower bath, a device through which water is sprayed. Lighting is considered as a supplement to the architectural design that adds to its decorative
aspect.
Nipple/coupling. a short length of pipe with threads at each ends. The lumen output and life of the flourescent lamp is about twice that of a filament lamp.

Tapped tee. a bell end tee which has a branch that is tapped to receive a threaded pipe or fitting.
Sump pump. a pumping device used to lift sewage to a higher elevation.
Pipe chase. a continous recess built into a wall to receive pipes, ducts, etceteras.
Soil stack. a vertical soil pipe carrying the discharge from toilet fixtures.
In the lighting design of dwelling, ceiling outlets can be largely omitted and wall outlets and baseboard
receptacles installed instead.
The design of the electrical and mechanical systems required in a building is part of an architect's
professional service.

Trap. a device to maintain a water seal against sewer gases, air and odors. Double hub. pipes or fittings that are principally used to reverse the position of the hub of a soil pipe.

Water hammer. a loud thumping noise that results from a sudden stoppage of flow. Vent. provides the air circulation necessary to the efficient functioning of a plumbing system.
Spigot. the end of a pipe that fits into a bell.
Roughing in. installating the concealed portion of a plumbing system to the point of connection Tee fitting. fittings should never be used with pipes carrying sewage but may be used with vent pipes.
for the fixtures.
Reducer. are fittings used to connect pipes of different sizes in the same line.
Rain leader conductor. same as downspout.
Water meter. a device for measuring water volume. Angle valve. are used to control water supply to water closet and lavatory fixtures.
Check valve. permits passage of water in one direction only.
Circuit. a continouse electrical path. Copper/brass. tubes that are determined by its outside diameter measurements.
Current. unit of measurements is in amperes.
Resistance. measured in Ohms. Mixing valve. a water supply fitting which maintains water at a desired temperature.
Horsepower. equal to 746 watts.
Junction box. location of splices, connections and taps.
277837653.doc
Master plumber. should sign and seal plans for plumbing installation for issuance of permit; is a
registered with the PRC is the duly authorized person to undertake the plumbing installation work
of a building project.
Teflon tape. a nwe product used to ensure water tightness in joints of G I pipes.
National plumbing code. government rules and regulations enforced to ensure that plumbing installation
conform with the demands of hygiene and comfort.
Bell/hub. the portion of a pipe which is enlarged to receive the end of another pipe of the same
diameter for the purpose of making a joint.
Overhead. system of water supply is when water to different fixtures branches is supplied by gravity from
an elevated tank.
General lighting in offices and factories is done almost entirely with flourescent lamps because
they are most economical to operate than incandescent lamps.
To prevent damage resulting from high currents caused by lightning stroke, lightning arresters
are used on structures of buildings.
A portable instrument called an illuminometer indicates directly in foot candles the intensity of light falling
upon a surface.
Sound absorption is the process of dissipating sound energy by converting it to heat.waves travel much
faster in air than in steel.
In elevator installation, the counterweight prevents the falling down of the elevator car.
The machine room in elevator intallations may be placed on top of the shaft or in the basement.

Tap. a connection to a water supply main. A thermostat is an instrument which responds to changes in temperature and directly or indirectly
Ball cock. a float valve with spherical float. controls temperature.
Couplings. a short internally threaded section of pipe used to joint 2 pipes.
Air handling units provide for the treatment of air before it is distributed to an air conditioned space.
Effluent. a liquid which is discharged as waste especially the discharge from a septic tank.
Angle valve. water control for lavatory and WC connection.
Static head/pressure head. the pressure equivalent to that exerted by a column of water of a given height.
Tee fitting. should only be used for vent stack.
Union. a pipe fitting used to cinnect the ends of 2 pipes, neither of which can be turned. Tapped tee. for jointing threaded pipes.
Aerator fitting. a device which introduces air into an exciting stream of water commonly used for Invert. lowest point in interior surface of pipe.
sink faucet. Service cock. normally installed before water meter.
Copper pipe. determined by its outside diameter.
Kilowatt. equivalent to 1.34 horsepower. Coupling. for hot and cold water connection.
Water heater. requires a low voltage transformer.
Storm drain. for conveying rainwater.
Grounding system. Protects life property from damage. Clean out. used for lavatory drain connection.
Manhole. for inspection and cleaning of pipe runs.
Door bell. a susidiary electric circuit. Sewer. a pipe for carrying liquid waste.
Siphonage. suction caused by liquid flow. -pressure
Capacitator. charges storage batteries. Smoke test. to detect leaks in piping work.
Conduit. protects electrical wiring. Floor drain. appurtenant to a sewer.
Cycle. the flow of current fluctuates in positive and negative loops. Trap. a water seal against sewer gases, air and odor.
Direct current. flows in one direction only.
Resistor. controls the flow of current in electric curcuit. Vent stack. prevents water seals of traps from being broken by siphonage.
Rheostat controls intensity of current flow. Water table. ground water level.
Conductor. offers low resistance to the flow of electrical current.
Electrical resistance. reciprocal of electrical conductance. Incrustation. affects the flow of water in pipes.
Short circuit. high current flow caused by an abnormal connection in an electrical circuit. Ammeter. an instrument for measuring the rate of flow of electricity usually expressed in
Series circuit. power passes through all the devices connected completing its path to the source amperes.
of supply.
Relay. stores electric charge. Conductance. a measure of the ability of a material to conduct electric current.
Toggle switch. lever actuated. Annunciator. a signalling device usually electrically operated giving an audible signal and a visual
indication when energized by pressing a button.
Circular mil. used to express cross-sectional area of electrical conductor.
Rheostat. a device used in an electric circuit to control the flow of current.
Air conditioner. requires independent brancg circuit.
Professional electrical engineer. signs and seal the electrical plans when the electrical works
Riser. for distribution of electrical power to electric panels on the different floors of a building. exceeds 5 kilowatts load as per philippine electrical code.

Utility box. a box for mounting air conditioning outlet.

277837653.doc
 Cap. a fitting for closing the end of a pipe.
60 hertz. the frequency of the electric power generated in Metro Manila. Panelboard. for control and protection of branch circuits.

Diffuser is a device, object or surface that absorb light or sound from a source. Circular mill. equals an area of .00051 square millimeters.
Frequency. expressed in hertz.
Dimmer is a device which varies light intensity of a light source. Voltage. voltage at supply end less than at load end.
Volts. product of amperes and ohms.
Accent lighting is directional lighting which emphasizes a particular object or draw attention to a Insulators. rubber, porcelain, or glass.
particular area. Conductors. copper, aluminum, or silver.
Generally, to attain the same level of light intensities, the semi-indirect lighting unit s requires more wattage Short circuit. heat developed resulting to fire.
than the indirect lighting system. Feeder. wire from Meralco pole to building attachment.

Cold air can hold more water than hot air. Friction tape. provides adequate insulation to splices of conductors.

Fire code says wet stand pipe inside buildings are required for structure 6 or more stories in Service entrance. point of delivery of power from service company.
height.
Neutral wire. usually are not to be fused.
Interference and reverberation are 2 properties of sound that are important when considering the
construction of an auditorium or music hall. Wiring plan. for purchasing materials and installation.

An auditorium with a capacity audience present has good acoustics; however when acoustically Resistors. controls flow of current in an electric current.
corrected is practically independent of the audience.
The inlet tee of a septic vault is always higher than the discharge outlet. Chimes. connects to any power branch circuit.

Stack is a general term for any veritcal line of soil, waste or vent piping. The visible output of light is measured in foot-candles.

Unit of resistance is called Ohms. Speed of sound is faster in gas.

The density of the luminous flux on a surface is called lumen. Unpainted bricks produce better acoustics.
The unit of illumination is called candle power.
Cathode is component of flourescent lamp. Humidity is water vapor within a given space or environment.
Pressure releif valves are safety device for water heater. The cost of maintenance of split type aircon is lower than a unit window type.

Air ducts should have air space between itself and insulator to prevent moisture condensation. Ball cock. a float vlave with spherical float.

Loudness is a measure of the magnitude of sound. Angle valve. controls the direction of water and controls it.

The pitch is a measure of highness or loudness of sound. Zeolite process. eliminates presence of soluble salts of lime and magnesium on water.

Master plumber. should sign and seal plans for plumbing installations for purpose of searching G I pipes. lead caulked joints.
permit.
Pneumatic tank. avoids construction of tower and longer supply lines.
Relief vents. supplies fresh air to the stacks and branch and prevents corrosion.

Bidet. a low basin like plumbing fixture on which the user sits and wash posterior parts of the
body.

Sitz bath. bath tub in which one bath in a sitting position; used especially in hospitals.

Scum. mass of organic matter which flooats on the surface of sewage.

Slop sink. a deep sink usually set low, especially used by janitors for emptying parts of the dirty
water.
Aerator fitting. a device which introduces air into an existing stream of water.

277837653.doc
 Every 3 meters of a horizontal pipe shall be anchored.

Sources of water supply:

1. Surface water.
2. Ground water.
3. Atmospheric water.

Potable water. water which is satisfactory for drinking, culinary, and domestic purposes annd
shall meet the accepted standard of purity required by the health department having authority.

Types of sewage:
1. Domestic sewage.
2. Industrial or trade sewage.
Corporation cock. vlave placed near junction with public main. 3. Storm water.
Filter. usually not included in plumbing works.
Check valve. automatically closes when reversal of water flow. Types of sewers:
Outside leaders. pipe used to carry waste or storm water. 1. Sanitary sewer.
Pressure regulator. a valve to discharge excess water pressure. 2. Storm sewer.
3. Combined sewers.

Alternating current. is a current that changes both in strength and direction in a given time.
Shunt. The conductor of each branch.

Types of mounted transformer:

1. H frame.
2. Cluster mounted.
3. Pad mounted.
Grease trap. necessary for residence with septic tank.
Globe valve. the same end must be used as inlet. Electro magnet. is essentially a coil of wire in which the magnetic circuit is partly or entirely
City engineer. the city electrivcian's office is under this department of the city of manila. completed through a magnetic material such as iron.
Ammeter. measures high insulation resistance.
a measuring instrument used to measure the electric current in a circuit. Guide shoes. are fastened to car frame and counterweight at top and bottom. They fit guide rails.

2 conductor splice. 2 or more individually insulated electric conductors having a common outer
protective covering of metal.
Close circuit. a continous electrical path.

Power. watts / volts times voltage.

Lightning is conceived as an integral parrt of the architectural design, an element of the structure.

A good example of rheostat is a dimmer.

Wet stand pipe is not required in a building with automatic sprinkler system. Safety. is a device incorporated in the bottom beam of the car frame and counterweight. Exerts retarding
Electronic and communication engineer sign and seal for buildings having more than 5 force in case of overspeed by gripping guide rails.
telephones. Limit switches. are automatic devices which stop the car within the overtravel, independently of the
When 2 elevators serve all or the same portion of a building, they can be located in 1 hoistway. operating device.

Incandescent bulb/lamp. a lamp from which light is emitted when a tungsten filament is heated to Tension sheave. gives stability in governor's rope.
incandescence by an electric arc.
Landing zone. is 18 inches above or below the landing.
Transformer. a device with 2 or more coupled windings, used to convert a supply of electric power at one Absorptance. ratio of the flux absorbed by a medium to the incident flux.
voltage to another voltage.
Accent lighting. directional lighting to emphasize a particular object or draw attention to a part of
Dumbwaiter.a small car to deliver materials. the field of view.

277837653.doc
Baffle. a single opaque or translucent element to shiled a source from direct view at certain
angles or absorb unwanted light. Rapid start fluorescent lamp. one designed for operation with a ballast that provides for preheating the
electrodes and initiating the arc without a starting switch or the application of high voltage.
Ballast. device used with electric discharge lamp to obtain the necessary circuit conditions for
starting and operating. Shielding angle. angle between horizontal line through the light center and the line of sight at which the
bare source first becomes visible.
Brightness. luminance.
Surface mounted luminaire. one mounted directly on the ceiling.
Candela. unit of luminous intensity. Suspended (pendant) luminaire. one hung from a ceiling by supports.

Candle power. luminous intensity expressed in candelas. 3 common type of plastic:

1. ABS acrylonitrile butadiene styrene.
Coefficient of utilization. ratio of the luminous (flux) from a luminaire received on the work plane 2. PE polyethylene.
to the lumens emitted by the luminaire's alone. 3. PVC and CPVC chlorinated polyvinyl chloride.

Daylight factor. ratio of the daylight illuminance on a plane to the exterior illuminance on a horizontal plane Caulking sleeve. a C I fitting used to join galvanized screw pipe to C I soil pipe
from the whole of an obstructed sky of assumed of known luminance. Water test. a test to determine whether there are leaks in a system of pipes.

Diffuse reflection. process by which the incident flux is redirected over a range of angles. AC. Armor clad.
MC. Metal clad.
Diffuse lighting. light that is not predominantly incident from any particular dirction.
MI. Mineral insulated.
Diffuse. device to redirect light or scatter the light from a source primarily by the process of diffuse
transmission. NM or NMC. Non metallic sheathed cable.

Direct-indirect lighting. variant of general diffuse lighting in which the luminaires emit little or no light at SNM. Shielded non metallic sheathed cable.
angles near the horizontal.
Flush mounted or recessed. luminaire mounted above the ceiling with the opening of the luminaire flush SE. Service entrance.
with the surface of the ceiling. USE. Undergrounf service entrance.

Footcandle. unit of illumination. UF. underground feeder.

Glare. sensation produced by luminance within the visual field sufficiently greater than the TC. Tray cable.
luminance to which the eeyes are adapted to cause annoyance, discomfort, or loss in visual
performance and visibility. FC. Flat cable.

Illuminance. the density of the luminous flux incident on a surface. MV. Medium voltage.

Louver shielding angle. angle between the horizontal plane of the baffles or louver grid and the plane at RH, RHH. heat resistant rubber.
which the louver conceals all objects above.
RHW. Moisture-and heat resistant rubber.
Lumen. unit of luminous flux.
RUH. Heat resistant latex.
Luminaire. complete lighting unit consisting of a lamp or lamps together with the parts designed to
distribute the light, to position and protect the lamps, and to connect the lamps to the power supply. RUW. Moisture resistant latex rubber.

Luminance. photometric brightness. the luminous intensity of a surface in a given direction per unit of T. Thermoplastic.
projected area of the surface as viewed from that direction.
TW. Moisture resistant thermoplastic.
Luminous flux. the time rate of flow of light. THHN. Heat resistant thermoplastic.
THW. Moisture and heat resistant thermoplastic.
Lux. the metric unit of luminance, 1 lux is 1 lumen per square meter. XHHW. Moisture and heat resistant cross linked synthetic polymer.
MTW. Moisture, heat and oil resistant thermoplastic.
Mercury lamps. electric discharge lamps in which the major portion of the radiation is produced
by excitation of mercury atoms. PFA, PFAH. Perfluoroakoxy.
277837653.doc
TFE. Extruded polytetrafluroethylene.

TA. Thermoplastic and asbestos.

TBS. Thermoplastic and fibrous outer braid.

SIS. Synthetic heat resistant.

MI. Mineral insulated (metal sheated).
UF. Underground feeder and branch circuit cable single conductor.
USE. Underground service entrance cable single conductor.
SA. Silicone.

FEP, FEPB. Flourinated ethylene propylene.

FEPW. Modified flourinated ethylene propylene.

Z, ZW. Modified ethylene tetrafluoroethylene.

V. Varnished cambric.

AVA, AVL, AVB. Asbestos and varnished cambric.

A, AA, AI, AIA. Asbestos.

Color code of pipes:

1. Potable water. blue.
2. Electric conduit. orange or light gray.
3. Industrial system. Gray.
4. Communication cable. Yellow.
5. Sewage system. orange brown.

Rigid type:
1. PVC. Polyvinyl chloride.
2. CPVC. Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride.
3. UPVC. unplasticized polyvinyl chloride.
4. PP. Polypropylene.
5. ABS. Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene.
6. SR. Stylene rubber plastic.

Flexible type:
1. PE. Polyethylene.
2. PB. Polybutylene.

277837653.doc