Cambridge Assessment International Education: Further Mathematics 9231/11 October/November 2018

Cambridge Assessment International Education
Cambridge International Advanced Level
FURTHER MATHEMATICS 9231/11

Paper 1 October/November 2018
MARK SCHEME
Maximum Mark: 100
Published
This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the
examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the
details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have
considered the acceptability of alternative answers.
Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for
Teachers.
Cambridge International will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes.
Cambridge International is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2018 series for most
Cambridge IGCSE™, Cambridge International A and AS Level components and some Cambridge O Level
components.
This document consists of 21 printed pages.
© UCLES 2018 [Turn over

9231/11 Cambridge International A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2018
PUBLISHED
Generic Marking Principles
These general marking principles must be applied by all examiners when marking candidate answers. They should be applied alongside the
specific content of the mark scheme or generic level descriptors for a question. Each question paper and mark scheme will also comply with these
marking principles.
GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 1:
Marks must be awarded in line with:
• the specific content of the mark scheme or the generic level descriptors for the question
• the specific skills defined in the mark scheme or in the generic level descriptors for the question
• the standard of response required by a candidate as exemplified by the standardisation scripts.
Marks awarded are always whole marks (not half marks, or other fractions).
Marks must be awarded positively:
• marks are awarded for correct/valid answers, as defined in the mark scheme. However, credit is given for valid answers which go beyond the
scope of the syllabus and mark scheme, referring to your Team Leader as appropriate
• marks are awarded when candidates clearly demonstrate what they know and can do
• marks are not deducted for errors
• marks are not deducted for omissions
• answers should only be judged on the quality of spelling, punctuation and grammar when these features are specifically assessed by the
question as indicated by the mark scheme. The meaning, however, should be unambiguous.
Rules must be applied consistently e.g. in situations where candidates have not followed instructions or in the application of generic level
descriptors.
© UCLES 2018 Page 2 of 21

PUBLISHED
Marks should be awarded using the full range of marks defined in the mark scheme for the question (however; the use of the full mark range may
be limited according to the quality of the candidate responses seen).
Marks awarded are based solely on the requirements as defined in the mark scheme. Marks should not be awarded with grade thresholds or grade
descriptors in mind.

PUBLISHED
Abbreviations
The following abbreviations may be used in a mark scheme or used on the scripts:
AEF/OE Any Equivalent Form (of answer is equally acceptable) / Or Equivalent
AG Answer Given on the question paper (so extra checking is needed to ensure that the detailed working leading to the result is valid)
CAO Correct Answer Only (emphasising that no ‘follow through’ from a previous error is allowed)
CWO Correct Working Only – often written by a ‘fortuitous’ answer
ISW Ignore Subsequent Working
SOI Seen or implied
SR Special Ruling (detailing the mark to be given for a specific wrong solution, or a case where some standard marking practice is to be
varied in the light of a particular circumstance)

PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks Guidance
1(i) EITHER: M1 A1 Calculates determinant

1 2 3
2 9 3 = 36 − 10 − 3 × 9 = −1 ≠ 0
1 0 4
OR: (M1A1) Solves homogeneous system of equations.

α +2β +3γ = 0
2α +9β +3γ = 0 ⇒ 2 β − γ = 0
α +4γ = 0
9β − 5γ = 0 Eliminates one variable.
⇒ β = 0⇒α =γ = 0
Therefore a, b , c are linearly independent (and span R 3 ) so form a basis for A1 States either that vectors are linearly independent or that
3
R . vectors span R 3 .
1(ii) 1  2  3  0  M1 Sets up system of equations.

       
l  2  + m  9  + n  3  =  −8 
1 0  4  3 
       
⇒ l = m = −1 and n = 1 .
⇒d =c−b−a A1

PUBLISHED
2(i) α + 2α + 4α = − p B1 Sum of roots.
2α 2 + 4α 2 + 8α 2 = q B1 Sum of products in pairs.
14α 2 q M1 Combines equations.

=−
7α p
⇒ 2 pα + q = 0 A1 Verifies result (AG).
2(ii) 8α 3 = −r B1 Product of roots.
q3 B1 Verifies result (AG).

⇒r= ⇒ p3r − q3 = 0
p3

PUBLISHED
3(i) u1 < 3 ( given ) B1 States base case.
Assume that uk < 3 B1 States inductive hypothesis.
Then M1 A1
4u + 9 −uk + 3
3 − uk +1 = 3 − k = > 0 ⇒ uk +1 < 3
uk + 4 uk + 4
Hence, by induction, un < 3 for all n.1 . B1 States conclusion.
3(ii) 4un + 9 −u 2 + 9 M1 A1 Considers un+1 − un .

un +1 − un = − un = n
un + 4 un + 4
So un < 3 ⇒ un+1 − un > 0 . B1 Uses un < 3

PUBLISHED
4(i) dx B1 dx dy
= 1 − cos 2t B1 for and .
dt dt dt
dy
= 2sin t cos t
dt
dx M1 Uses an appropriate identity.

= 1 − cos 2t = 2sin 2 t
dt
2 2 A1
 dx   dy  4 2 2
  +   = 4sin t + 4sin t cos t = 2sin t
 dt   dt 
π M1 A1 Uses the correct formula for S

S = 2π ∫ ( sin t ) ( 2sin t ) dt ⇒ a = 4
2
4(ii) π π M1 Uses the result 4sin 3 t = 3sin t − sin 3t

∫ ∫
S = 4π sin t dt = π 3sin t − sin 3t dt
3
0 0
π A1
 1 
= π  −3cos t + cos3t 
 3 0
 1  1   16π A1 Answer must be exact.

= π  3 − −  −3 +   =
 3  3  3

PUBLISHED
5(i) Ae = λe and Be = µe ⇒ Ae + Be = λe + µe M1 Adds equations.
⇒ ( A + B)e = (λ + µ)e A1
5(ii)  2 0 1  1   3  M1 Multiples matrix with vector.

    
 −1 2 3  2  =  6 
 1 0 2  1   3 
    
⇒ λ = 3k A1 Finds one eigenvalue.
λ = 1, 2 A1 Finds other two.
5(iii)  1 1 0 B1
 
P =  2 4 1
 1 −1 0 
 
 73 0 0   343 0 0 M1 A1 Or correctly matched permutations of columns.

   
D= 0 63 0  =  0 216 0 
   0 27 
0 0 33   0

PUBLISHED
6(i) Vertical asymptote is x = −1 . B1
x 2 + ax − 1 = ( x + 1)( x + a − 1) − a M1 By inspection or long division.

x + a −1
or x + 1 x 2 + ax − 1
Thus the oblique asymptote is y = x + a − 1 A1
6(ii) a2 + 4 > 0 B1
6(iii) ( x + 1)( 2 x + a ) − ( x 2 + ax − 1) M1
= 0 ⇒ x2 + 2 x + a + 1 = 0
( x + 1) 2
Discriminant = 4 − 4 ( a + 1) < 0
Therefore there are no stationary points on C . A1

923
31/11 C
Cambridge Interrnational A Level – Mark Schem
me Octob
ber/November 2018
PUBLISHED
Qu
uestion Answeer Marks Guidance
66(iv) B1 Correct
C y-intercep
pt and asymptotess drawn.
B1 B1 Each
E branch correect

PUBLISHED
7(i) Write c = cosθ , s = sin θ . M1

cos8θ + i sin 8θ = ( c + is )
8 Uses binomial theorem.
⇒ sin8θ = 8c7 s − 56c5 s3 + 56c3 s5 − 8cs7 A1
(
= 8cs c 6 − 7c 4 s 2 + 7c 2 s 4 − s 6 ) M1 Factorises.
( ) ( ) ( ) M1 Uses c 2 = 1 − s 2 .
3 2
c 6 − 7c 4 s 2 + 7c 2 s 4 − s 6 = 1 − s 2 − 7 1 − s2 s2 + 7 1 − s2 s4 − s6
( ) ( ) (
= 1 − 3 s 2 + 3s 4 − s 6 − 7 s 2 − 2 s 4 + s 6 + 7 s 4 − s 6 − s 6 ) A1
= 1 − 10s 2 + 24s 4 − 16s 6
(
⇒ sin 8θ = 8cs 1 − 10 s 2 + 24 s 4 − 16 s 6 ) A1 AG

PUBLISHED
7(ii) sin 8θ M1 Uses sin 2θ = 2cs to relate with equation in part (i)
sin 2θ = 2cs ⇒
sin 2θ
(
= 4 1 − 10 s 2 + 24 s 4 − 16 s 6 )
nπ M1 Solves sin8θ = 0
sin 8θ = 0 ⇒ θ =
8
π A1 Gives one correct solution

x = sin
8
nπ A1 Gives five other solutions. Allow different values of k as

sin , n = ±1, ±2 ± 3 or 1, 2,3,9,10,11
8 π
long as six distinct solutions are found. sin 0 and sin
2
must be excluded.

PUBLISHED
8(i) i j k M1 Finds normal to Π1 .

−4 1 3 = −i + 8 j − 4k
0 1 2
−x + 8 y − 4z = 3 M1 A1 Uses point on plane to find cartesian equation, AEF.
8(ii)  −1   3  M1 Uses scalar product.

   
 8  ⋅  1  = 9 11cos θ
 −4   −1
   
⇒ θ = 72.5° A1 Accept 1.26 rad.
8(iii) i j k M1 A1 Finds direction of line of intersection.

3 1 −1 = 4i + 13j + 25k
−1 8 −4
Point on both planes is, e.g. (1,1,1) . M1 A1 Finds point common to both planes.
r = i + j + k + λ ( 4i + 13j + 25k ) A1 States vector equation of line.

PUBLISHED
9(i) π M1 1 2
25
2 Uses ∫ r dθ .
2 0.01∫cot θ dθ 2
25
π A1
= [ln sin θ ]0.01
2
2
25 A1
=− ln sin 0.01 ≈ 57.6
2
9(ii) 1 1
5
1 M1 Uses y = r sin θ .
y = 5cos 2 θ sin 2 θ = sin 2 2θ
2
θ = 0.01 ⇒ y ≈ 0.5 A1
9(iii) dy 5 −
1 M1 A1 dy
= sin 2 2θ cos 2θ = 0 or max ( sin 2θ ) = 1 Sets = 0 or considers max (AEF).
dθ 2 dθ
5 2 A1
⇒y= ( = 3.54 )
2

PUBLISHED
9(iv) B1 Intersecting the initial line only when x = 0 and y = 0.
B1 Correct shape.

PUBLISHED
10(i) m2 + 2m + 10 = 0 ⇒ m = −1 ± 3i. M1 Finds complementary function.
x = e − t ( A cos 3t + B sin 3t ) A1
x = p cos3t + q sin 3t M1 Finds particular integral.
⇒ x = −3 p sin 3t + 3q cos3t ⇒ x = −9 p cos3t − 9q sin 3t A1
( p + 6q ) cos3t + ( q − 6 p ) sin 3t = 37sin 3t M1
⇒ p = −6, q =1 A1
x = e − t ( A cos 3t + B sin 3t ) − 6cos 3t + sin 3t
x = 3 when t = 0 ⇒ A − 6 = 3 ⇒ A = 9 B1 Uses initial conditions.
x = e − t ( −3 A sin 3t + 3B cos3t ) − e − t ( A cos3t + B sin 3t ) + 18sin 3t + 3cos3t M1 A1
x = 0 when t = 0 ⇒ 3B − A + 3 = 0 ⇒ B = 2 A1 Obtains solution, AEF.

x=e −t
( 9cos 3t + 2sin 3t ) − 6cos 3t + sin 3t
10
10(ii) As t → ∞ , e−t → 0 ⇒ x ≈ −6 cos 3t + sin 3t B1 Obtains limit.
 1 6  M1 Converts to R sin ( 3t − φ )
sin 3t − 6cos3t = 37  sin 3t − cos3t 
 37 37 
(
= 37 sin 3t − tan −1 6 . ) A1 AG

PUBLISHED
11E(i) ( 2r + 1) − ( 2r − 1) = 8r B1
2 2
n M1 Sums both sides and uses method of differences.

∑r = −1 + ( 2n + 1) 2 2
⇒ 8
r =1
n
1 A1 AG.
⇒ ∑
r =1
r=
2
n ( n + 1)
11E(ii)
( 2r + 1)
4
− ( 2r − 1) =
4
(( 2r + 1) 2
+ ( 2r − 1)
2
) (( 2r + 1) 2
− ( 2r − 1)
2
) M1 Uses difference of squares or expands.
( )
= 8r 2 + 2 ( 8r ) = 16 4r 3 + r ( ) A1
n n
 1  1
4 4 M1 Sums both sides and uses method of differences.
⇒4 ∑r =1
r3 + ∑ r =1
r = − 1 −  +  n + 
 2   2
n
 1 1 1
4 4 M1 Uses formula for ∑ r
4 ∑
r =1
r 3 =  n +  −   − n ( n + 1)
 2 2 2
 1 1
2 2
  1 1  1
2 2 A1 AG
  n +  +    − n ( n + 1) = n 2 ( n + 1)
2
=  n +  −  
 2 2   2   2   2
 
11E(iii) 1 B1 Uses formula for ∑ r 3 . AG.

( 2 N + 1) ( 2 N + 2 ) = ( 2 N + 1) ( N + 1)
2 2 2 2
S=
4

PUBLISHED
11E(iv) N M1 Eliminates even terms from S .

∑ ( 2r ) = ( 2 N + 1) ( N + 1) − 2 N 2 ( N + 1)
3 2 2 2
T =S−
r =1
( N + 1)
2
(2N 2
)
+ 4N + 1 A1 Accept ( N + 1)2 ( 2 N ( N + 2 ) + 1) .
11E(v) S ( 2 N + 1) = 4 N 2 + 4 N + 1
2 M1 Writes fraction as quadratic in N divided by quadratic
= in N .
T 2N 2 + 4N + 1 2N 2 + 4N + 1
Converges to 2 as N → ∞ . A1
11O(i) (
x = −1 ⇒ y 3 + 2 y − 3 = 0 ⇒ ( y − 1) y 2 + y + 3 = 0 ) M1 Considers cubic polynomial in y .
There is only one real root ( = 1 ). A1

PUBLISHED
11O(ii)  dy  B1 Differentiates LHS correctly.

2x + 2  x + y 
 dx 
dy B1 Differentiates RHS correctly.

= 3y2
dx
(
⇒ 3y2 − 2x ) ddyx = 2 x + 2 y
dy B1 Substitutes ( −1,1) , AG.
x = −1, y = 1 ⇒ = 0.
dx
11O(iii) 2 M1 M1 Differentiates equation again.

(3 y 2
− 2x ) ddxy + ddyx  6 y ddyx − 2  = 2 + 2 ddyx
2
dy d2 y 2 A1 dy
x = −1, y = 1, =0 ⇒ 2 = Substitutes ( −1,1) and = 0 , AG.
dx dx 5 dx
11O(iv) 0
 n d n −1 y 
0 n −1 0 M1 A1 Integrates by parts.
dn y n −1 d y
∫ ∫
n
x n
dx =  x n −1  − n x n −1
dx
−1
dx  d x  −1 −1
dx
= ( −1) A1 AG.
n +1
An −1 − nI n −1.

PUBLISHED
11O(v) 2 M1 A1 Uses reduction formulae.

I 3 = ( −1) A2 − 3I 2 = A2 − 3 ( − A1 − 2 I1 ) =
4
+ 6 I1
5

Cambridge Assessment International Education: Further Mathematics 9231/11 October/November 2018

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Cambridge Assessment International Education

Cambridge International Advanced Level

FURTHER MATHEMATICS 9231/11

This document consists of 21 printed pages.

© UCLES 2018 [Turn over

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 1:

Marks must be awarded in line with:

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 2:

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 3:

Marks must be awarded positively:

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 4:

© UCLES 2018 Page 2 of 21

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 6:

© UCLES 2018 Page 3 of 21

AEF/OE Any Equivalent Form (of answer is equally acceptable) / Or Equivalent

CWO Correct Working Only – often written by a ‘fortuitous’ answer

ISW Ignore Subsequent Working

SOI Seen or implied

© UCLES 2018 Page 4 of 21

1(i) EITHER: M1 A1 Calculates determinant

OR: (M1A1) Solves homogeneous system of equations.

1(ii) 1  2  3  0  M1 Sets up system of equations.

© UCLES 2018 Page 5 of 21

2(i) α + 2α + 4α = − p B1 Sum of roots.

2α 2 + 4α 2 + 8α 2 = q B1 Sum of products in pairs.

14α 2 q M1 Combines equations.

⇒ 2 pα + q = 0 A1 Verifies result (AG).

2(ii) 8α 3 = −r B1 Product of roots.

q3 B1 Verifies result (AG).

© UCLES 2018 Page 6 of 21

3(i) u1 < 3 ( given ) B1 States base case.

Assume that uk < 3 B1 States inductive hypothesis.

Hence, by induction, un < 3 for all n.1 . B1 States conclusion.

3(ii) 4un + 9 −u 2 + 9 M1 A1 Considers un+1 − un .

So un < 3 ⇒ un+1 − un > 0 . B1 Uses un < 3

© UCLES 2018 Page 7 of 21

dx M1 Uses an appropriate identity.

π M1 A1 Uses the correct formula for S

4(ii) π π M1 Uses the result 4sin 3 t = 3sin t − sin 3t

 1  1   16π A1 Answer must be exact.

© UCLES 2018 Page 8 of 21

5(i) Ae = λe and Be = µe ⇒ Ae + Be = λe + µe M1 Adds equations.

5(ii)  2 0 1  1   3  M1 Multiples matrix with vector.

⇒ λ = 3k A1 Finds one eigenvalue.

λ = 1, 2 A1 Finds other two.

 73 0 0   343 0 0 M1 A1 Or correctly matched permutations of columns.

© UCLES 2018 Page 9 of 21

6(i) Vertical asymptote is x = −1 . B1

x 2 + ax − 1 = ( x + 1)( x + a − 1) − a M1 By inspection or long division.

Thus the oblique asymptote is y = x + a − 1 A1

Therefore there are no stationary points on C . A1

© UCLES 2018 Page 10 of 21

© UCLES 2018 Page 11 of 21

7(i) Write c = cosθ , s = sin θ . M1

⇒ sin8θ = 8c7 s − 56c5 s3 + 56c3 s5 − 8cs7 A1

= 1 − 10s 2 + 24s 4 − 16s 6

© UCLES 2018 Page 12 of 21

π A1 Gives one correct solution

nπ A1 Gives five other solutions. Allow different values of k as

© UCLES 2018 Page 13 of 21

8(i) i j k M1 Finds normal to Π1 .

−x + 8 y − 4z = 3 M1 A1 Uses point on plane to find cartesian equation, AEF.

8(ii)  −1   3  M1 Uses scalar product.

⇒ x = −3 p sin 3t + 3q cos3t ⇒ x = −9 p cos3t − 9q sin 3t A1

x = e − t ( −3 A sin 3t + 3B cos3t ) − e − t ( A cos3t + B sin 3t ) + 18sin 3t + 3cos3t M1 A1

x = 0 when t = 0 ⇒ 3B − A + 3 = 0 ⇒ B = 2 A1 Obtains solution, AEF.