Cambridge Assessment International Education: Further Mathematics 9231/12 October/November 2018

Cambridge Assessment International Education
Cambridge International Advanced Level
FURTHER MATHEMATICS 9231/12

Paper 1 October/November 2018
MARK SCHEME
Maximum Mark: 100
Published
This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the
examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the
details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have
considered the acceptability of alternative answers.
Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for
Teachers.
Cambridge International will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes.
Cambridge International is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2018 series for most
Cambridge IGCSE™, Cambridge International A and AS Level components and some Cambridge O Level
components.
This document consists of 20 printed pages.
© UCLES 2018 [Turn over

9231/12 Cambridge International A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2018
PUBLISHED
Generic Marking Principles
These general marking principles must be applied by all examiners when marking candidate answers. They should be applied alongside the
specific content of the mark scheme or generic level descriptors for a question. Each question paper and mark scheme will also comply with these
marking principles.
GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 1:
Marks must be awarded in line with:
• the specific content of the mark scheme or the generic level descriptors for the question
• the specific skills defined in the mark scheme or in the generic level descriptors for the question
• the standard of response required by a candidate as exemplified by the standardisation scripts.
Marks awarded are always whole marks (not half marks, or other fractions).
Marks must be awarded positively:
• marks are awarded for correct/valid answers, as defined in the mark scheme. However, credit is given for valid answers which go beyond the
scope of the syllabus and mark scheme, referring to your Team Leader as appropriate
• marks are awarded when candidates clearly demonstrate what they know and can do
• marks are not deducted for errors
• marks are not deducted for omissions
• answers should only be judged on the quality of spelling, punctuation and grammar when these features are specifically assessed by the
question as indicated by the mark scheme. The meaning, however, should be unambiguous.
Rules must be applied consistently e.g. in situations where candidates have not followed instructions or in the application of generic level
descriptors.
© UCLES 2018 Page 2 of 20

PUBLISHED
Marks should be awarded using the full range of marks defined in the mark scheme for the question (however; the use of the full mark range may
be limited according to the quality of the candidate responses seen).
Marks awarded are based solely on the requirements as defined in the mark scheme. Marks should not be awarded with grade thresholds or
grade descriptors in mind.

PUBLISHED
Abbreviations
AEF/OE Any Equivalent Form (of answer is equally acceptable) / Or Equivalent
AG Answer Given on the question paper (so extra checking is needed to ensure that the detailed working leading to the result is valid)
CAO Correct Answer Only (emphasising that no “follow through” from a previous error is allowed)
CWO Correct Working Only – often written by a ‘fortuitous’ answer
ISW Ignore Subsequent Working
SOI Seen or implied
SR Special Ruling (detailing the mark to be given for a specific wrong solution, or a case where some standard marking practice is to be
varied in the light of a particular circumstance)
Question Answer Marks Guidance
1(i) α + β + γ = 5 , αβ + αγ + βγ = 13 B1 Sum of roots and αβ + αγ + βγ . SOI
α 2 + β 2 + γ 2 = 52 − 2 (13) M1 Uses ∑ α 2 = ( ∑ α )2 − 2 ( ∑ αβ )
= ‒1 A1 www
1(ii) α 3 + β 3 + γ 3 = 5 (α 2 + β 2 + γ 2 ) − 13 (α + β + γ ) + 12 M1 Uses α 3 = 5α 2 − 13α + 4.
= 5( −1) − 13( 5) + 12 = −58 A1
(
Alt method: Use formula e.g. ∑ α 3 = ( ∑ α ) ∑ α 2 − ∑ αβ + 3αβγ)
Or ( ∑α ) 3 – 3 ( ∑α ) ( ∑ αβ ) +3 αβγ

PUBLISHED
2(i) 2 B1 Stated
2(ii) Negative eigenvalue = −2 B1 Stated
 4 3 1 i j k M1 Uses vector product (or equations) to find

  corresponding eigenvector.
A + 2I =  0 0 1  4 3 1
 0 0 3 0 0 1
 
 3 A1 Accept any non-zero scalar multiple of

   3
 −4   
 0  −4  .
 
 0
 
2(iii) An eigenvalue of A + A6 is 2 + 26 = 66 , 62 or 2 B1
1  3  −6  B1
     
Corresponding eigenvector is  0   −4  or  1  oe
0  0  3
     

923
31/12 C
Cambridge Interrnational A Level – Mark Schem
me Octob
ber/November 2018
PUBLISHED
Qu
uestion A
Answer Marks Guiidance
3(i) B1 Jusst one loop, correcct shape at extrem

mities
B1 Co
orrect position inclluding (a, 0) labellled
or in
i table.

PUBLISHED
3(ii) π M1 For using correct formula

6
1
∫π a cos 3θ dθ
2 2
2
−
6
π M1 Using double angle formula correctly

2 6
a
4 ∫π ( cos 6θ + 1) dθ
−
6
π A1
a2  1 6 π a2
= sin 6θ + θ =
4  6  π
− 12
6
3(iii) B1 Uses x = r cosθ and x2 + y 2 = r 2 .

 x   x  
2
( )
r = a cos θ 4cos 2 θ − 3 ⇒ r = a    4   − 3 
 r    r  

( ) ( ) ( ( )) M1 For eliminating θ
2
⇒ r 4 = ax 4 x 2 − 3r 2 ⇒ x 2 + y 2 = ax 4 x 2 − 3 x 2 + y 2
( ) ( ) A1 Any equivalent cartesian form without

2
⇒ x2 + y 2 = ax x 2 − 3 y 2
fractions.

PUBLISHED
4(i) m2 + 2m + 1 = 0 ⇒ ( m + 1) = 0 ⇒ m = −1 M1 Forms and solves auxiliary equation.

2
CF: ( A + Bt ) e−t A1 States CF.
PI: x = p sin t + q cos t M1 Uses correct form of PI and differentiates

twice.
¨ A1
⇒ x = p cos t − q sin t ⇒ x = − p sin t − q cos t
− p sin t − q cos t + 2 ( p cos t − q sin t ) + p sin t + q cos t = 4sint M1 Compares coefficients and attempts to
solve
2 p = 0 ⇒ p = 0 . −2q = 4 ⇒ q = −2 . A1
GS: x = ( A + Bt ) e−t − 2cos t A1FT States general solution. FT on correct

form only
4(ii) x ≈−2cos t B1FT

PUBLISHED
5(i)  3 2 0 1  3 2 0 1 M1 Attempt to row reduction.

   
 6 5 −1 3  →  0 1 −1 1
 9 8 −2 5   0 2 −2 2
   
 −3 −2 0 −1  0 0 0 0
3 2 0 1 A1 Two correct rows only

 
0 1 −1 1
→
0 0 0 0
 
0 0 0 0
r ( M) = 4 − 2 = 2 A1 Obtains rank.

PUBLISHED
5(ii) 3 x + 2 y +t = 0 M1 Solves homogeneous system of equations.

y− z+t =0
2 1 M1 Using 2 parameters
⇒ t = µ, z = λ, y = λ − µ, x = − λ + µ
3 3
 −2   1    −1  0   A1 AEF
         
 3   −3    0 −1 
A basis is  ,  or   ,    or equivalent
 3   0    3   1  
   
 0   3    3   2  
5(iii) 0  2  0 B1 Finds a particular solution.

     
1 5 1
M   =   so a particular solution is
0  8  0
     
 0   −2  0
0  −2  1 M1 Using correct format

     
1 3 −3
General solution: ( x = )   + λ   + µ  
0  3 0
     
0  0 3
A1FT

PUBLISHED
6 1  1 1  M1A1 Shows base case using product rule

y ( ) = e x u ( ) + ue x = e x    u +   u ( )  ⇒ H1 is true
1 1
 0  1 
Assume that B1 States inductive hypothesis.

 k  k 1 k r k k 
H k : y( ) = ex    u +   u( ) + " +   u( ) + " +   u( ) 
k
 0 1 r k 
Then M1 Differentiates using product rule

 k  k  1 k r k k 
y(
k +1)
= ex    u +   u( ) + " +   u( ) + " +   u( )  +
 0 1 r k 
 k  1  k  2  k  r +1  k  k +1  M1A1 Shows application of

e x    u( ) +   u( ) + " +   u( ) + " +   u( )   k   k   k + 1
 0 1 r k   + = .
k  k   k  r   r   r − 1  r 
k
= e x    u + …   +    u + …  u ( k +1) 
 0 
   r   r − 1  k  
  k + 1  k + 1 r  k + 1 ( k +1)  B1 Shows reasoning for first and last term

= ex    u + …  u + … u  correctly
 0   r   k + 1 
So H k implies H k +1 so, by induction, H n is true for all n . 1 . A1 States conclusion.

PUBLISHED
7(i) N N N M1 Expands
∑ ( 3r + 1)( 3r + 4) = 9∑r
r =1 r =1
2
∑r + 4 N
+ 15
r =1
1  1  M1 Substitutes formulae for ∑ r and ∑ r 2 .

9  N ( N + 1)( 2 N + 1)  + 15  N ( N + 1)  + 4 N
6  2 
9  A1 Shows simplification to the given answer

6
( 15
2
15
2
)
= N  2 N 2 + 3N + 1 + N + + 4 

(AG).
(
= N 3N 2 + 12 N + 13)
7(ii) 1 1 1 1  B1 Finds partial fractions.

=  −
( 3r + 1)( 3r + 4 ) 3  3r + 1 3r + 4 
1 1 1 1 1 1 1  M1 Expresses terms as differences.

TN =  − + − + " + − 

3  4 7 7 10 3 ( N − 1) + 1 3 N + 4 
1 1 1  1 1 A1 Cancels to given answer (AG).

 − = −
3  4 3N + 4  12 3 ( 3N + 4 )
7(iii) SN M1 SN
TN =
N
4 ( 3N + 4 )
⇒
TN
(
= 4 ( 3N + 4 ) 3N 2 + 12 N + 13 ) Writes
TN
as a polynomial
SN A1 Justifies expression being integer

So is an integer because all terms are integers
TN

PUBLISHED
7(iv)
SN
=
(
4 ( 3 N + 4 ) 3 N 2 + 16 N + 9 ) M1 Divides expression in (iii) by N 3 and
takes limit
N 3TN N3
→ 4 ( 3)( 3) = 36 A1
8(i) z + z −1 = 2 cos θ B1 Use of z + z −1 = 2 cos θ .
(z + z ) = (z
−1 6 6
) ( ) ( )
+ z −6 + 6 z 4 + z −4 + 15 z 2 + z −2 + 20
M1A1 Expands and groups.
64 cos 6 θ = 2 cos 6θ + 12 cos 4θ + 30 cos 2θ + 20 M1A1 Substitutes z n + z − n = 2 cos nθ .
1 A1 (Allow p = 10 , q = 15, r = 6, s = 1 .)
⇒ cos6 θ = (10 + 15cos 2θ + 6cos 4θ + cos 6θ )
32

PUBLISHED
8(ii) 1
π
1
π M1 Applies part (i)
2 2
x 1
∫
1
cos6 dx =
2 32 ∫ 10 + 15cos x + 6cos 2 x + cos3xdx
1
− π − π
2 2
M1 Integrates correctly (3/4 terms correct).
1
π M1 Inserts limits and evaluates.
1  1 2
10 x + 15sin x + 3sin 2 x + sin 3 x 
32  3 − 1π
2
1  1  1  1  44  A1
=  5π + 15 + 0 −  −  −5π − 15 + 0 +   =  5π + 
32  3  3   16  3 
9(i) 4 M1 Alt method: Finding limit

y =5− 2
x + x +1
As x → ±∞ , y → 5 ∴ y = 5 CAO A1

PUBLISHED
9(ii) yx2 + yx + y = 5x2 + 5x + 1 B1 Forms quadratic equation in x .
⇒ ( y − 5) x2 + ( y − 5) x + ( y − 1) = 0
For real x , ( y − 5) − 4 ( y − 5)( y − 1) . 0 (condone >) M1 Uses discriminant

2
⇒ ( y − 5)( 3 y + 1) - 0 M1 Factorising
1 A1 Explaining strict upper inequality (AG)

⇒ − - y < 5, because y = 5 is an asymptote (www)
3
9(iii) ( ) ( )
y ′ = 0 ⇒ x 2 + x + 1 (10 x + 5 ) − 5 x 2 + 5 x + 1 ( 2 x + 1) = 0 M1 Differentiates and equates to 0.
1 1 A1
⇒ 4 ( 2 x + 1) = 0 ⇒ x = − , y = −
2 3

923
31/12 C
Cambridge Interrnational A Level – Mark Schem
me Octob
ber/November 2018
PUBLISHED
Qu
uestion A
99(iv) B1FT Possitive y-intercept at

a (0,1), FT dep on
o
min
nimum point from m (iii).
B1 Co
orrect asymptote and
a completely corrrect
graaph.
Qu
uestion A
110(i)  2  1  B1 Or shows if parallel,, then m=3/2

JJJG   JJJG   1 JJJG
AB =  3  , CD =  1.5  = AB
 2  1  2
   

PUBLISHED
10(ii)  2 1  −2   −1   −4  B1
JJJG   JJJG   JJJG      
AB =  3  , CD =  m  and AC =  −1  or AD =  m −1 or BC=  −4 
 2 1  0  1  −2 
         
i j k  3 − 2m  1 M1A1 Finds common perpendicular using cross

    product.
n = 2 3 2 =  0  ( so parallel to  0  )
1 m 1  2m − 3   −1 
 
AC.n −2 ( 3 − 2m ) + 0 + 0 M1 Uses formula for shortest distance.

= o.e.
n ( 3 − 2m ) 2 + ( 2m − 3 ) 2
2 A1
= = 2
2
10(iii) i j k  2 1 M1A1 Finds normal to plane ABC (AEF).

   
2 3 2 =  −4  ~  −2  o.e.
−2 −1 0  4   2 
i j k  1 A1 Finds normal to ABD (AEF).

 
2 3 2 =  −4  o.e.
−1 1 1  5 
1 + 8 + 10  19  M1A1FT Uses formula for angle between two lines.

cosθ =  = 
12 + 22 + 22 12 + 42 + 52  378 
⇒ θ = 12.2° A1 CAO.

PUBLISHED
11E(i) 1 1 B1 AEF.
dy dy dt 12t 2 6t 2
= × = =
dx dt dx 18 − 2t 9 − t
d 2 y d  dy  dt M1 Uses chain rule again to find second

=  × derivative.
dx 2 dt  dx  dx
−
1 1 dM1 Uses quotient (or product rule)
3t (9 − t ) +
2 6t 2
=
( 9 − t ) (18 − 2t )
2
−
1 A1 AG.
=
3t 2
( 9 − t + 2t ) = 3 ( 9 + t )
2 (9 − t )
3 1
2t 2 ( 9 − t )
3
11E(ii) 1
56
d2 y B1 Uses correct formula for mean value
56 ∫
0
dx 2
dx
 1 
t =4 M1 Finding limits correctly
1  6t 2 
= 
56 9 − t 
 
t =0
M1 Using expression
1 6 4 3 A1 Inserts correct values of t and obtains

=  = . answer (AG.)
56  9 − 4  70

PUBLISHED
11E(iii) 2
 dx   dy 
2 M1A1 2
 dx   dy 
2
  +   = (18 − 2t ) + 144t = 4 ( t + 9 )
2 2
Simplifies   +   .
 dt   dt   dt   dt 
 3
4 4 5 3 M1A1 ds
2π  8t  ( 2 ( t + 9 ) ) dt = 32π t + 9t dt Uses 2π ∫ y dt .

0
∫ 2

 0
2 2
∫ dt
 2 7 18 5 
4 M1 Integrates term by term.
= 32π  t 2 + t 2 
 7 5 
0
211 × 83 169984 A1 Accept exact answer or decimal rounding

= π= π = 15300 to 15300 .
35 35
11O(i) 2 2 M1A1 Integrates by parts.

( )
I n =  x x 2 − 1  − 2n x 2 x 2 − 1 ∫ ( )
n n −1
dx
 1
1
2 M1 Uses x 2 = x 2 − 1 + 1 .
∫ (x )( )
2 2 n −1
= 2 − 2n −1+1 x −1 dx
1
= 2 − 2nI n − 2nI n−1 A1
⇒ ( 2n + 1) I n = 2 − 2nI n−1 A1 AG.

PUBLISHED
11O(ii) dx M1A1 Differentiates secθ .

= tan θ secθ
dθ
π B1 Changes limits.
secθ = 2 ⇒ θ = secθ = 1 ⇒ θ = 0
4
π π B1 Uses sec 2 θ − 1 = tan 2 θ . (AG.)
4 4
∫ ( sec θ − 1) tan θ secθ dθ = ∫ tan 2n +1 θ secθ dθ

2 n
In =
0 0
11O(iii) π B1 Deduces that integral is I 3 .

4
sin 7 θ
∫
0
cos8 θ
dθ = I 3
2− 2 B1 Calculates I 0 or I1
I0 = 2 − 1 (or I1 = )
3
2− 2 M1A1 Uses reduction formula to find I1 or I 2

3I1 = 2 − 2 I 0 ⇒ I1 = .
3 ………
2 4 7 2 −8 Finds I 2 .
I2 = − I1 =
5 5 15
2 6 16 − 9 2 A1 Finds I 3 .
I3 = − I2 =
7 7 35

Cambridge Assessment International Education: Further Mathematics 9231/12 October/November 2018

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Cambridge Assessment International Education: Further Mathematics 9231/12 October/November 2018

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Cambridge Assessment International Education

Cambridge International Advanced Level

FURTHER MATHEMATICS 9231/12

This document consists of 20 printed pages.

© UCLES 2018 [Turn over

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 1:

Marks must be awarded in line with:

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 2:

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 3:

Marks must be awarded positively:

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 4:

© UCLES 2018 Page 2 of 20

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 6:

© UCLES 2018 Page 3 of 20

AEF/OE Any Equivalent Form (of answer is equally acceptable) / Or Equivalent

CWO Correct Working Only – often written by a ‘fortuitous’ answer

ISW Ignore Subsequent Working

SOI Seen or implied

Question Answer Marks Guidance

1(i) α + β + γ = 5 , αβ + αγ + βγ = 13 B1 Sum of roots and αβ + αγ + βγ . SOI

1(ii) α 3 + β 3 + γ 3 = 5 (α 2 + β 2 + γ 2 ) − 13 (α + β + γ ) + 12 M1 Uses α 3 = 5α 2 − 13α + 4.

= 5( −1) − 13( 5) + 12 = −58 A1

© UCLES 2018 Page 4 of 20

2(ii) Negative eigenvalue = −2 B1 Stated

 4 3 1 i j k M1 Uses vector product (or equations) to find

 3 A1 Accept any non-zero scalar multiple of

© UCLES 2018 Page 5 of 20

3(i) B1 Jusst one loop, correcct shape at extrem

© UCLES 2018 Page 6 of 20

3(ii) π M1 For using correct formula

π M1 Using double angle formula correctly

3(iii) B1 Uses x = r cosθ and x2 + y 2 = r 2 .

( ) ( ) A1 Any equivalent cartesian form without

© UCLES 2018 Page 7 of 20

4(i) m2 + 2m + 1 = 0 ⇒ ( m + 1) = 0 ⇒ m = −1 M1 Forms and solves auxiliary equation.

CF: ( A + Bt ) e−t A1 States CF.

PI: x = p sin t + q cos t M1 Uses correct form of PI and differentiates

GS: x = ( A + Bt ) e−t − 2cos t A1FT States general solution. FT on correct

4(ii) x ≈−2cos t B1FT

© UCLES 2018 Page 8 of 20

5(i)  3 2 0 1  3 2 0 1 M1 Attempt to row reduction.

3 2 0 1 A1 Two correct rows only

© UCLES 2018 Page 9 of 20

5(ii) 3 x + 2 y +t = 0 M1 Solves homogeneous system of equations.

5(iii) 0  2  0 B1 Finds a particular solution.

0  −2  1 M1 Using correct format

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6 1  1 1  M1A1 Shows base case using product rule

Assume that B1 States inductive hypothesis.

 0 1 r k 

Then M1 Differentiates using product rule

 k  1  k  2  k  r +1  k  k +1  M1A1 Shows application of

  k + 1  k + 1 r  k + 1 ( k +1)  B1 Shows reasoning for first and last term

So H k implies H k +1 so, by induction, H n is true for all n . 1 . A1 States conclusion.

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1  1  M1 Substitutes formulae for ∑ r and ∑ r 2 .

9  A1 Shows simplification to the given answer

7(ii) 1 1 1 1  B1 Finds partial fractions.

1 1 1 1 1 1 1  M1 Expresses terms as differences.

1 1 1  1 1 A1 Cancels to given answer (AG).

SN A1 Justifies expression being integer

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Question Answer Marks Guidance