Jftnvnkjk 1 ‖  Bstuknh
 Bstuknh kb fjsh shmrb snstbdj cbrvnhsh jutöchdh

\rbsbctjkh phr0

Ejrbc Djrgjrntj kb ij Hssj Êivjrbz

_jibrnj Db`äj ]jdärbz

Aîfthr Nvêc Ibntöc _nfthrnj

]usmbi Jibxjckbr Abrcêckbz Abrcêckbz

[uthr0

 Cnfhiês Gubvjrj ]jdärbz

Fhrphrjfnöc Rcnvbrsntjrnj Nmbrhjdbrnfjcj

Ojfuitjk kb Bkufjfnöc, Fnbcfnjs Audjcjs y Vhfnjibs

\snfhihgäj ‖  Vbguckh
 Vbguckh sbdbstrb

Dhrohonsnhihgäj kbi VCF

Djyh =<=<
 

\jthgbcnj y trjtjdnbcths jftujibs kb ij bcobrdbkjk kb Jizabndbr

’Ij kbdbcfnj sb kboncb fhdh bi kbtbrnhrh jkqunrnkh bc ijs fjpjfnkjkbs fhgcntnvjs qub
bcthrpbfb ij rbjinzjfnöc sjtnsojfthrnj kb jftnvnkjkbs kb ij vnkj knjrnj—. Ij bcobrdbkjk kb Jizabndbr
bs uc trjsthrch prhgrbsnvh qub ajfb qub ijs fîiuijs kbi fbrbmrh sb kbgbcbrbc y dubrjc, bstj bs ij
fjusj dês fhdðc kb kbdbcfnj. Bi Jizabndbr hfjsnhcj ucj knsdncufnöc fhctncuj kb ijs
ajmninkjkbs kb pbcsjdnbcth, fhdphrtjdnbcth, jitbrj ij fjpjfnkjk kb ucj pbrshcj pjrj oucfnhcjr
kb djcbrj nckbpbcknbctb, jkbdês bi Jizabndbr bs ucj kb ijs bcobrdbkjkbs dês fhducbs
fhduc bs bc gbctb
kb ij tbrfbrj bkjk5 sb fjifuij qub bstj bcobrdbkjk jobftj j : kb fjkj :< pbrshcjs djyhrbs kb ?2
júhs, ahy bc käj bs sjmnkh qub ;; dniihcbs kb pbrshcjs jirbkbkhr kbi duckh ij pjkbfbc y sbgðc
ihs bxpbrths, bstj khibcfnj judbctjrê, kb abfah, sb prbvî qub iibgub j jobftjr j 1< dniihcbs kb
 pbrshcjs bc bi =<;< kbmnkh j qub ijs bxpbftjtnvjs kb vnkj bc ij jftujinkjk shc dês ijrgjs.

kb. attps0//www.psnfhdbdhrnjs.
Ndjgbc thdjkj kb. attps0//www.psnfhdbdhrnjs.fhd/bcobrdbkjk-kb-ji
fhd/bcobrdbkjk-kb-jizabndbr-qub-qubk
zabndbr-qub-qubkj-fujckh-jpbcjs-qubkj-
j-fujckh-jpbcjs-qubkj-
cjkj/  
cjkj/

Ihs säcthdjs cburhiögnfhs kb bstj bcobrdbkjk oubrhc nkbctnonfjkhs phr prndbrj vbz, phr bi
 psnqunjtrj y cburöihgh jibdêc
jibdêc Jihysnus Jihns Jizabndbr, pbrh oub Bdni Erjbpinc qunbc nkbctnonfö,
kbsfrnmnö y fijsnonfö ij bcobrdbkjk, phr ih fuji sb fhcsnkbrj qub bi kbsfumrndnbcth kb ij
bcobrdbkjk oub hmrj kb jdmhs psnqunjtrjs. 
psnqunjtrjs. 

Vbgðc bi ncstntuth cjfnhcji shmrb bcvb`bfndnbcth bc bstjkhs ucnkhs, ijs djcnobstjfnhcbs fiäcnfjs
kbi Jizabndbr pjsjc phr 6 ojsbs0
 

-  Kbdbcfnj ncnfnji0 Vus prncfnpjibs säcthdjs vjc kbskb pbqubúhs bpnshknhs kb pîrknkj kb
dbdhrnj j fhrth pijzh fhcstjctb, prhmibdjs kbi ibcguj`b, knonfuitjk ji rbjinzjr tjrbjs
dhthrjs, fhdh vbstnrsb h bsfrnmnr, bstj ojsb sb fjrjftbrnzj phr ij kbshrnbctjfnöc.
-  Kbdbcfnj dhkbrjkj0 Ij fjpjfnkjk pjrj ajmijr ibbr h bsfrnmnr sb vbc dês jobftjkj
 prhgrbsnvjdbctb, sb kb`j kb rbfhchfbr j ihs ojdninjrbs, sb kbtbrnhrj ij dbdhrnj j ijrgh
 pijzh, kbtbrnhrh fhgcntnvh, fjdmnhs bc bi fhdphrtjdnbcth, orbfubctbdbctb bc bstjkh kb
fhcousnöc, jgntjfnöc, y kbshrnbctjfnöc bc bi bspjfnh y tnbdph, fhckuftjs pjrjchnkbs y
kbjdmuijfnöc.
-  Kbdbcfnj jvjczjkj0 Bc bstj btjpj ij bcobrdbkjk prhvhfj kbtbrnhrh kb ij djsj dusfuijr,
bi pjfnbctb bs ncfjpjz kb dhvninzjrsb, bi ibcguj`b sb pnbrkb, sb prbsbctj dufah jghtjdnbcth
y jpjtäj, thkjväj sb fhcsbrvj jigh kb fjpjfnkjk kb rbfnmnr h trjsdntnr bdhfnhcbs, oncjidbctb
sbfuckjrnjs.  
bi pjfnbctb dubrb phr ij prbsbcfnj kb ncobffnhcbs sbfuckjrnjs. 

Bxnstb dðitnpibs anpötbsns shmrb ij btnhihgäj kb bstj bcobrdbkjk, jucqub bstj bc ij jftujinkjk
sngub snbckh uc dnstbrnh, bc ihs ðitndhs =< júhs knvbrshs bstuknhs ajc nkbctnonfjkh vjrnhs ojfthrbs
fjusjibs, ihs fujibs prbsbctjc ucj bstrbfaj fhrrbijfnöc bctrb bi grjkh kb kbdbcfnj, ij kbcsnkjk kb
 pijfjs sbcnibs y kb cburhcjs fhc kbgbcbrjfnöc cburhonmrnijr, ij fuji fhcsnstb bc qub bi tb`nkh
fbrbmrji dubstrj orjgdbcths bcrhiijkhs kb prhtbäcj kbctrh kb ijs cburhcjs qub ijs hmstruybc y
jgihdbrjfnhcbs jchrdjibs kb fîiuijs cbrvnhsjs dubrtjs h qub bstêc durnbckh, ohrdêckhsb pijfjs
sbcnibs, êrbjs khckb sb ajc jfuduijkh prhkufths kb cburhcjs dubrtjs jirbkbkhr kb pprhtbäcjs.  Bc
rhtbäcjs. Bc
su bsbcfnj sb kj phr prhmibdjs rbijfnhcjkhs fhc ijs prhtbäcjs fbrbmrjibs qub ch oucfnhcjc
chrdjidbctb, nctbrrudpnbckh bi trjmj`h kb ijs cburhcjs y kbsbcfjkbcjckh ucj sbrnb kb bvbcths
töxnfhs, ijs cburhcjs kjújkjs, pnbrkbc fhcbxnhcbs bctrb sä y fhc bi tnbdph, dubrbc.
 

Ndjgbc thdjkj kb. 

kb. attps0//www.jiz.hrg/bspjchi/jmhut/fbrbmrh/:<.jsp
attps0//www.jiz.hrg/bspjchi/jmhut/fbrbmrh/:<.jsp  

Bi kjúh fhdnbczj fhc djyhr orbfubcfnj bc ij rbgnöc kbi fbrbmrh qub fhctrhij ij dbdhrnj, pbrh
bi prhfbsh fhdnbczj júhs jctbs kb qub jpjrbzfjc ihs prndbrhs säcthdjs5 ij pîrknkj kb cburhcjs sb

knsbdncj j htrjs rbgnhcbs kbi fbrbmrh. Bc ij ðitndj btjpj kb ij bcobrdbkjk, bi fbrbmrh sb aj

rbkufnkh sngcnonfjtnvjdbctb.
sngcnonfjtnvjdbctb.

kbi Jizabndbr bs ij prhtbäcj tju

Jftujidbctb, sb sjmb qub ij djyhr rbsphcsjmib kb ij jpjrnfnöc kbi 
qunbc fjdmnj kb ohrdj y sb hrgjcnzj bc bstrufturjs kbchdncjkjs 
kbchdncjkjs  hvniihs cburhonmrnijrbs, kb dhkh
ucj   pîrknkj y kbtbrnhrh kb ij
qub bi fhdphrtjdnbcth knsoucfnhcji kb bstj prhtbäcj prhkufb ucj
dbdhrnj fhgcntnvj, jfuduiêckhsb bc ijs cburhcjs kbi anphfjdph (bi
(bi   fbctrh kb ij dbdhrnj) y
 prhkufnbckh ij dubrtb kb knfajs cburhcjs5 phstbrnhrdbctb, bstb prhfbsh kb kbtbrnhrh sb jgrjvj fhc
ij jfuduijfnöc kb ij prhtbäcj jdnihnkb qub prhkufb bstj bspbfnb kb pijfjs y hvniihs

Vn mnbc bstjs hmsbrvjfnhcbs oubrhc frufnjibs pjrj bi kbsfumrndnbcth kbi Jizabndbr, jftujidbctb
jðc qubkj dufah phr ncvbstngjr pubs shc cudbrhsjs ijs ncfögcntjs qub rhkbjc knfaj bcobrdbkjk
yj qub ajstj bi dhdbcth ch bxnstb cncgucj prubmj knjgcöstnfj pjrj sjmbr ij prhfbkbcfnj kb ij
bcobrdbkjk, jucqub sb sjmb qub bstj bcobrdbkjk ch tnbcb furj jðc bc cubstrj îphfj, ajy
trjtjdnbcths qub jyukjc ji pjfnbctb j tbcbr ucj db`hr fjinkjk kb vnkj y bc bi rbtrjsh kbi prhgrbsh
kb ij bcobrdbkjk y jsä phkbrib fhctrhijr dbknjctb oêrdjfhs, tjdmnîc bi jphyh qub kbsbdpbúj bi
gruph ojdninjr pjrj qub bstj pbrshcj pubkj tbcbr ucj db`hr vnkj.  
 

’Ij ncduchtbrjpnj pjrbfb sbr bi dês prhdnshrnh trjtjdnbcth pjrj prbvbcnr ij jgrbgjfnöc Jν.
Dufahs bstuknhs fiäcnfhs dubstrjc qub ihs jctnfubrphs jctn-Jν shc bonfjfbs pjrj bindncjr ihs
kbpösnths Jν. Bstj tbrjpnj oub frbjkj bc :>>> phr Kjib Vfabc e y sus fhibgjs. Biihs bcfhctrjrhc
qub ihs kbpösnths jdnihnkbs brjc sngcnonfjtnvjdbctb rbkufnkhs ji ncducnzjr uc rjtöc trjcsgîcnfh
 `hvbc fhc Jν y uc jkyuvjctb. Bi prndbr bcsjyh fiäcnfh
fiäcnfh bc pjfnbctbs fhc BJ ibvb j dhkbrjkj tuvh
qub sbr suspbcknkh phrqub bi ? % kb biihs kbsjrrhiijrhc dbcncghbcfbojintns sumjgukj kbspuîs kb
:-6 ncybffnhcbs. Vb suphcb qub ij dbcncghbcfbojintns oub ucj rbspubstj ncducb.6> Bc bsths
dhdbcths bstêc kbsjrrhiiêckhsb vjrnhs bcsjyhs fhc ncducnzjfnhcbs pjsnvjs utninzjckh
jctnfubrphs jctn-Jν.;< Ihs kbsjoähs shc dufahs phrqub ij vjfucj kbmb jyukjr j prbvbcnr ij
bcobrdbkjk bc bstjknhs tbdprjchs y ch sbr fhsthsj. Jkbdês, kbmb sbr bonfjz nckbpbcknbctbdbctb
p jfnbctb y fhc biihs ojfnintjr su utninzjfnöc.— (\jthgbcnj y trjtjdnbcths
kbi bstjkh ncduchiögnfh kbi pjfnbctb
jftujibs kb ij bcobrdbkjk kb Jizabndbr, \jg.7).

Jsä qub, ihs dbknfjdbcths qub pubkbc jyukjr j prhihcgjr tbdphrjidbctb su kbtbrnhrh shc0
Khcbzbpnih, ]nvjstngdncj y Gjijctjdncj, ihs fujibs ncfrbdbctjc ij fhcfbctrjfnöc kb jfbtnifhincj
qub bs bi cburhtrjcsdnshr bcfjrgjkh kbi jprbcknzj`b y ij dbdhrnj, juc jsä, su bobftnvnkjk pubkb
kurjr uc júh jprhxndjkjdbctb. [jdmnîc, ij Kbsobrrhxjdncj sb pubkb usjr bc su trjtjdnbcth, pbrh
su tnbdph kb vnkj bs fhrth y pubkb fjusjr rbjffnhcbs jkvbrsjs fhdh thxnfnkjk bc ij rbtncj.

\hr ðitndh, ijs jftnvnkjkbs qub sb pubkbc ajfbr kbskb yj pjrj prhihcgjr h bvntjr bstj
bcobrdbkjk shc b`brfnfnhs kb bstnduijfnöc ji fbrbmrh fhdh ij jrtbtbrjpnj, ij dusnfhtbrjpnj y ijs
tbrjpnjs jsnstnkjs phr djsfhtjs, h kb ucj ohrdj jigh dês sbcfniih bxnstb ihs frufngrjdjs, shpjs kb
 

]bobrbcfnjs0
Fjrishc C. (=<<?). Onsnhihgäj kb ij fhckuftj. 1vj Bknfnöc. pp 7:-1< ]bfupbrjkh kb.
attps0//psm<:=.onibs.whrkprbss.fhd/=<:6/<2/fjrishc-=<<?-onsnhihgnj-kb-ij-fhckuftj.pko  
attps0//psm<:=.onibs.whrkprbss.fhd/=<:6/<2/fjrishc-=<<?-onsnhihgnj-kb-ij-fhckuftj.pko  
Jtijs kbi fbrbmrh 6K. ]bfupbrjkh kb. 
kb. attp0//www.oncr.cbt/onibs/mrjnc/nckbx.atd 
attp0//www.oncr.cbt/onibs/mrjnc/nckbx.atd 

kb. attps0//www.psnfhjftnvj.fhd/jtijs/fbrbmrh.atd 
Jtijs vnsuji kbi fbrbmrh. ]bfupbrjkh kb.  attps0//www.psnfhjftnvj.fhd/jtijs/fbrbmrh.atd 
\jthgbcnj y trjtjdnbcths jftujibs kb ij bcobrdbkjk kb Jizabndbr. Fjmrbrj, D y Fhi (=<:;).
]bvnstj Fumjcj kb Ojrdjfnj. _hi. ;1 Ch.=0 2<1-2:1. ]bfupbrjkh kb.
attp0//sfnbih.sik.fu/pko/ojr/v;1c6/ojr:?6:;.pko