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Group
M ejor 0iYi1ion1 Symbo/1

1C
GW We ll-graded 9ravel1, gravt l-sand mill• "!
ture,. 1ittte or no fines ?
~
GP Poorly graded grave ls, gravel.fend m ix,
lures. little or no fines ~
Not meeting all gradation requirements for G W
i"
:,.

C "'
~
j Z: d ~~ Alle rberg limits below" A"
.c ~ .; GM ' - SiltV gra vels. 9rave1•..,nd-sil1 mixtures " 0 line or P .1. len than 4 Above "A" line with P.1 .
.::' • ~ u ~ z between 4 and 7 are border-
-.....--+---------------- -1 ·n
! i-= 1 -GC line cases requiring ""' of
~ ~ 0 C layey gravels, grevel-fend-ctay m ix• c i: dual symbols
~~ =ts it Atterberg limits below "A"
line with P .I. greater than 7
c.:, ~ "'
ei
:! f !
...
~ -~ SW Well.graded sands, gravelly sands, linle
=i~ ·=~ 060 l!>Jol
2

"O - or no f)nes tr. ,o:

C,, • - greater than 6; Q: • - - -- between 1 and 3
010 010 X 060
~g 1---➔----------------➔ :~
li ~ SP Poorly graded sands. gravelly sand, , S _:
~ " little or no fines ] ~
u5 so~ Not m eeting a ll gradation requirements for SW

1-- --+---,-+----- - - - - - - - -- ---l 'S ~ ,g

; "' 0

~ :,
C d
111i~
l!" 0 Atterberg limiU above "A"
"' E
!: o SM' ,-. S ilty sands. sand-silt mixtures c., t<0.:::
., 1: line or P .I. less than 4 Limits plott in g in hatched
· co.; u ~c~
.&.~II a.Ol,'J zone w ith P.1. between 4
·i ~.. ] 1 - -......➔----------------➔ "c ~~ and 7 are borderline cases
> SC Clayey fends. sand-clay mixtures -·
Ii~
~
i~f
t ~: A nerberg limits a bove ..A ..
requiring use of dual sym-
C bols
~ R
<
; t==
Q C ~
line w ith P .I. greater than 7

Inorganic silts and very fine sands,

ML rock flour, silty or clayey fine sands,
or clayey silts w ith slight p last icity
Plasticity Chart
Inorganic clays of low to medium
CL plasticity. gravelly clays, sandy clays,

OL
silty clays. lean clays

Organic silts and organic silty clays of 501---t---+-+--t----il---+--+-+-/......,1----1

,,V
low plasticity
CH /
>< 40 1--1-----,...---+--+--+--+--+-~-+--+----I

MH
Inorganic silts, micaceous or diatoma-
ceous fine sandy or silty soils, e lastic
]
,., 30 1-----i--+--+--+--+-
1/v
sol ts :~~ •' ~,~1/
~~✓
OH and MH
S:: 20 1-----i--+--+---t-~t----ir--+--+--+----I
CH Inorganic clays of high plasticity. fat
clays CL V
OH O rganic clays of medium 10 h igh 10 - '""CL•ML-+,.,,./
--1--t-- - t - --t--t--,1--1
plasticity, organic sills ML and
o..___.__L
~·'-~__.__O_L_ _.___._ ~_ _.__..__,
0 10 20 30 40 so 60 70 80 90 100
Liq uid limit
Pt Peat and other highly organic soils

' Division of GM and SM groups into subdivisions of d and u are for roads and airfields only. Subdivision is based on Atterberg limits: suffix d used when L.L. is 28 or less and the P.I. is 6 or less:
the suffix u used when l.L. is greater than 28.
'Borderline classifications, used for soils possessing characteristics of two groups. are designated by combinations of group symbols. For example. GW-GC. welt-graded gravel-sand mixture
with d ay binder.

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