TITLE

 DC Generator

OBJECTIVE
 To study and carry out the basic principle of DC generator system.

MATERIAL
 Insulated copper coil.
 Paper clip
 Magnet
 4.5V power supplies
 Aluminium foil
 L.E.D
 Switch
 Cardboard
 DC Motor
 L- Bracket
 Screw
 Cellophane tape
 Plywood
 Connector wire

TOOLS
 Hammer
 Screwdriver
 Solder & soldering flux

WORKING PRINCIPLE
 An electrical machine that converts the mechanical energy to electrical energy.
 Operation :
1. By using the automatic switching known as commutator, AC output inside the
armature is converted to DC to the external circuit.
2. Stationary brushes rest on the commutator surface functioned to allow the DC
output to flow to the load at external circuit.
 As the switch is on, DC motor that connected by gear to the shaft will rotate. Same goes to
the armature.
 When armature starts the rotation, it will cut the magnetic flux and produce induced emf.
 As there are induced emf, thus it will produce the voltage.
 Output voltage will flow throughout the brushes and go to the load (L.E.D).
  The induced emf is affected by three main factors, based on the equation, e = BLV.
1. B denoted as the flux of density of magnetic field or field strength.
2. L denoted as the length of conductor in the field (meters) or number of turns
3. V denoted as the velocity of conductor (metre/sec) through field or speed of cutting.
 The direction of emf when conductor cut a magnetic field is by using Fleming Left Hand Rule.

SAFETY PRECAUTION
 Power supply must support the load at external circuit.
 The distance between two main magnets must be as close as possible to avoid loss of
magnetic flux.
 Use the proper tools to handle the cutting and connecting process as electronic devices must
be carefully handled.

CONCLUSION
 The DC generator construction must be carry out carefully to get the best output. The
number of turns of the conductor, the strength of the magnetic flux and the speed of the
cutting should be improved and do many technical works to get the higher output. The
higher the number of turns, it will produce the higher voltage. The stronger the magnet, the
higher the voltage.

PICTURES


DC Generator

The main parts for the DC Generator is power supply. In this project, the power supply is
4.5V.

 DC Motor is connected to the gear that attached to the shaft for the purpose of rotating the
armature.
 Armature with number of turns 30 ,is used as the rotating armature to produce output
voltage. The output voltage will flow through commutator segment and go to load via
carbon brush. Total number of magnet used in this project, to produce magnetic flux is 6.

 LED is used as the load in this circuit.