DRUG STUDY

DRUG DRUG INDICATIONS/CONTRAINDICAT DOSAGES AND ADVERSE REACTIONS NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES

NAME CLASSIFICATI IONS ADMINISTARTI
ON ON
GENERIC Antidiabetic It is use for; DOSAGES GIVEN METABOLIC: 1. Assess patient’s glucose
NAME:  Moderate to severe diabetic TO THE hyperglycemia, level before starting therapy
insulin ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar PATIENT: hypoglycemia and regularly thereafter.
(regular) hyperglycemia 1. Regular Insulin 2. Monitor patients
 Mild diabetic acidosis 10 units SQ RESPIRATORY: glycosylated hemoglobin
BRAND  Newly diagnosed diabetes now dyspnea, increased cough, level regularly.
NAME: mellitus 2. Regular Insulin reduced pulmonary 3. Monitor urine ketone level
Humulin R,  Control of hyperglycemia with 5 units SQ now function, respiratory tract when glucose level is
Novolin R Humalog and longer acting 3. Insulin 70/30, infection elevated.
insulin in patients with type 1 10 units SQ 30 4. Monitor injection site for
diabetes mellitus minutes before SKIN: local reactions.
 Hyperkalemia breakfast and Rash, redness, stinging, 5. Be alert for adverse reaction
Contraindications: 30 minutes swelling, urticarial, warmth 6. Assess patients and family’s
 Contraindicated in before dinner at injection site knowledge about the
hypoglycemia and in patients therapy.
hypersensitive to insulin or OTHER: anaphylaxis, 7. Always spell out “units” to
any of its ingredients. hypersensitivity reaction, reduce the risk of
lipoatrophy, misreading “u” as a zero.
lipohypertrophy, rash 8. Tell patient that insulin
relieves symptoms but
doesn’t cure disease.
9. Advise patient not to alter
order of mixing insulins or
change or brand of syringe
or needle.
10. Instruct patient not to drink
alcohol and smoke during
therapy.

GENERIC Antianginal, It is use for; 10 mg tab, 1 tab in CNS: fatigue, headache, 1. Assess patient’s blood
NAME: Antihypertensive  Chronic stable angina PM somnolence pressure or angina before
Amlodipine  Hypertension therapy and regularly
besylate Contraindications: CV: dizziness, edema, thereafter.
 Contraindicated in patients flushing, palpitations 2. Monitor patient carefully
BRAND hypersensitive to drugs for pain.
NAME:  Used cautiously in patient GI: abdominal pain, 3. Be alert for adverse effects.
Norvasc taking other peripheral dyspepsia, nausea 4. Give S.L. nitroglycerin as
vasodilators and in those with needed for acute angina.
heart failure 5. Advise patient to continue
 In patients with severe hepatic taking drug even when
disease feeling better.

GENERIC Antidiabetic Uses: 500 mg, 1 tab BID CNS: Headache, dizziness, 1. Lab tests: Obtain baseline
NAME: agitation, fatigue. and
metformin  Metformin is used together periodic kidney and liver fu
hydrochlori with diet and exercise to nction tests; drug
de improve blood sugar control contraindicated in the
in adults with type 2 diabetes presence of renal or hepatic
BRAND mellitus. insufficiency.
 NAME: 2. Monitor blood glucose and
Fortamet  Metformin is sometimes used HbA1C, and lipid profile
together with insulin or other periodically.
medications, but it is not for 3. Monitor known or suspected
treating type 1 diabetes. alcoholics carefully for
decreased liver function.
Contraindications: 4. Monitor cardiopulmonary
 Hypersensitivity to status throughout course of
metformin; renal, hepatic, or therapy; cardiopulmonary
cardiopulmonary insufficiency may
insufficiency; alcoholism; predispose to lactic acidosis.
concurrent infection. 5. Be aware
that hypoglycemia is not a
risk when drug is taken in
recommended therapeutic
doses unless combined with
other drugs which lower
blood glucose.
6. Report to physician
immediately S&S of
infection, which increase the
risk of lactic acidosis (e.g.,
abdominal pains, nausea and
vomiting anorexia).
7. Do not breast feed while
taking this drug without
consulting physician.

GENERIC Antilipemic Uses: 20 mg 1 tab OD CNS: asthenia, fever, 1. Monitor patient’s liver
NAME: HS headache, malaise function and lipid level at
atorvastatin  Atorvastatin is used together 40 mg/tab, 1 tab baseline and periodically
with diet to lower blood levels now then OD HS CV: chest pain after.
BRAND of "bad" cholesterol (low- start tomorrow 2. Monitor patient for signs of
NAME: density lipoprotein, or LDL), EENT: pharyngitis, rhabdomyolysis, especially
Lipitor to increase levels of "good" sinusitis if taking more than one class
cholesterol (high-density of lipid lowering drugs.
lipoprotein, or HDL), and to GI: abdominal pain, 3. Use drug only after diet and
 constipation, diarrhea, other non-drug treatments
lower triglycerides (a type of dyspepsia, flatulence prove ineffective. Patient
fat in the blood). should follow a low
MUSCULUSKELETAL: cholesterol diet before and
 Atorvastatin is used to arthralgia, myalgia, back during therapy.
treat high cholesterol, and to pain 4. Check CK level if patient
lower the risk of stroke, heart complains of muscle pain,
attack, or other heart SKIN: rash, erythema tenderness or weakness.
complications in people with multiform, Stevens Johnson 5. Obtain liver function test
type 2 diabetes, coronary heart Syndrome, toxic epidermal results and lipid levels
disease, or other risk factors. necrolysis before therapy, after 6 and
12weeks, after a dosage
 Atorvastatin is used in adults OTHER: accidental injury, increase and periodically
and children who are at least angioedema, flulike thereafter.
10 years old. syndrome, hypersensitivity
reaction infection
Contraindications:
 Do not use if you have liver
disease
 Do not use if you are
pregnant. Stop taking this
medicine and tell your doctor
right away if you become
pregnant.
 Do not breastfeed while you
are taking this medicine.
 Atorvastatin can cause a
condition that results in the
breakdown of skeletal muscle
tissue, potentially leading to
kidney failure.
 Atorvastatin is not approved
for use by anyone younger
than 10 years old.
GENERIC Antihypertensive It is used for; 50 mg tab, 1 tab For hypertension and left 1. Assess patients’ blood
NAME:  Hypertension OD in AM ventricular hypertrophy: pressure before starting
losartan  Nephropathy in type 2 therapy.
potassium diabetes mellitus CNS: asthenia, fatigue, 2. Regularly assess creatinine
  To reduce risks of strokes in headache, dizziness and BUN levels to check
BRAND patient with hypertension and kidney failure.
NAME: left ventricular hypertension CV: chest pain, edema 3. If patient is takin a diuretic,
Cozaar Contraindications: watch for symptomatic
 Do not use if you have liver EENT: sinusitis, hypotension.
disease pharyngitis, sinus disorder 4. Give once daily dose in the
 Do not use if you are morning to prevent
pregnant. Stop taking this GI: abdominal pain, insomnia.
medicine and tell your doctor diarrhea, dyspepsia, nausea
right away if you become
pregnant. MUSKULOSKELETAL:
muscle cramps, myalgia

RESPIRATORY: cough,
upper respiratory infection

OTHER: anaphylaxis,
angioedema

For nephropathy:

CNS: asthenia, diabetic

neuropathy, fatigue, fever

CV: chest pain,

hypotension, orthostatic
hypotension

EENT: cataract, sinusitis

GI: diarrhea, dyspepsia,
gastritis

GU: UTI

HEMATOLOGIC:
anemia

METABOLIC:
 hyperkalemia,
hypoglycemia, weight gain

MUSKUSKELETAL:
Back pain, muscle
weakness

RESPIRATORY:
bronchitis, cough

SKIN: cellulitis

OTHER: anaphylaxis,
angioedema

GENERIC Antiplatelet, It is used for: 80 mg tab, 1 tab GASTROINTESTINAL:  Check and verify with
NAME: Analgesics,  Mild to moderate pain OD PC in lunch nausea, dyspepsia, doctor’s order and
aspirin Antipyretic  Fever heartburn, epigastric Kardex.
 Inflammatory conditions discomfort, anorexia,  Observe rights
 BRAND such as rheumatic fever, hepatotoxicity in medication administra
NAME: arthritis, and tion such as giving the
Aspergum, spondyloarthropaties HEMATOLOGIC: right drug to the right
Bayer,  Reduction of risk of occult blood loss, patient using the right
Ecotrin recurrent transient hemostatic defects route and at the right
ischemic attack (precursor HYPERSENSITIVITY: time.
to stroke) anaphylactoid reactions to  Assess skin color and
or cardiovascular accident anaphylactic shock presence of lesions as
(stroke) in patients with this may indicate
history of TIA due to SALICYLISM: dizziness, hepatotoxicity, allergy,
fibrin platelet emboli or tinnitus, difficulty hearing, bleeding, and other
ischemic stroke nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, complications.
 Unlabeled use: mental confusion  Assess patient’s
prophylaxis against orientation to time and
cataract formation with place as the drug may
long-term use cause dizziness and
confusion.
Contraindications:  Give drug with food or
 People with allergy to after meal if GI upset
salicylates or NSAIDs. occurs.
This is more common to  To reduce the risk of the
people with nasal tablet lodging in the
polyps, asthma, and esophagus, give drug
chronic urticaria. with full glass of water.
 People with haemophilia,  Ensure that patient does
allergy to tartrazine not crush and chew
(cross-sensitivity is tablets as well as
common), bleeding ulcers, sustained release
blood coagulation defects, preparations to prevent
and with Vitamin K losing drug’s effectivity.
deficiency (increased risk  If aspirin has vinegar-
of bleeding) like odor, do not use and
 Caution with people who dispose.
have impaired renal  In case of overdose,
function, children and institute emergency
teenagers (risk for procedures and prepare
developing Reye’s equipment for gastric
Syndrome), patients who lavage, induction of
 will have surgery within 1 emesis, and activated
week, and pregnant charcoal.
women (it readily crosses  Continue monitoring
placenta and is a possible clotting factors, bleeding
teratogen) as well as time, liver and renal
lactating mothers. function tests for long-
term drug therapy.
 Observe patient for
signs and symptoms of
bleeding such as easy
bruising, bleeding in the
gums, and nosebleeds.
 Monitor vital signs.
 Raise side rails up to
ensure patient’s safety.
 Monitor for signs and
symptoms of drug
allergy such as difficulty
of breathing, pruritus,
and rashes.
 Provide a room
environment conducive
for resting.

GENERIC Cardiac It is used for: 0.5 mg IV Now 1. Tachycardia 1. Assess cardiac function
NAME Glycoside 1. Treatment of congestive heart 2. Headache 2. Measure liquids
Digoxin failure 3. Dizziness precisely
2. Control of rapid ventricular 4. Mental 3. Assess for signs of
BRAND contractions in clients with disturbances toxicity, especially in
NAME atrial fibrillation/flutter 5. N&V children and the elderly
Lanoxin 3. Slow the heart rate in sinus 6. Diarrhea 4. Give IV slowly over 5
tachycardia 7. Anorexia minutes
4. Treatment of SVT 8. Blurred vision 5. Note possible drug
5. Treatment of cardiogenic 9. Death from interactions
shock ventricular 6. Assess
6. Prophylaxis and treatment of fibrillation for hyperthyroidism or
 recurrent paroxysmal atrial 10. Acute hypothyroidism
tachycardia with paroxysmal hemorrhage 7. Obtain ECG
AV junctional rhythm 11. Convulsions 8. Monitor CBC, serum
12. Visual electrolytes, calcium,
Contraindications: disturbances MG, renal
7. Ventricular fibrillation 13. Angioneurotic and liver function tests
8. Ventricular tachycardia edema 9. Obtain written heart rate
9. Presence of digoxin toxicity parameters for drug
10. Hypersensitivity administration as drug
11. Beriberi heart disease may cause extreme
12. Hypersensitive carotid sinus bradycardia
syndrome 10. Do not administer if HR
13. Use caution in clients with is <50. Hold if HR is
ischemic heart disease, acute 90-110 bpm in children
myocarditis, hypertropic 11. Obtain pulse deficit of
subaortic stenosis, hypoxic apical and radial pulse
states, cyanotic heart and lung 12. Monitor weight and I&o
diseases 13. Use antacid if gastric
14. Use caution in clients with distress occurs
viral myocarditis or rheumatic 14. Use caution during
fever withdrawal
15. Do not take with
grapefruit juice
16. Take after meals to
lessen gastric irritation
17. Maintain a sodium-
restricted diet
18. Do not take OTC drugs

GENERIC ACE Inhibitor It is used for: 25 mg/tab, ½ tab 1. Hypotension. 1. Monitor blood pressure and
NAME: 1. Used alone or in combination BID 2. Dizziness pulse frequently.
captopril of other drugs for the 3. dry mouth 2. Monitor weight and assesses
management of hypertension. 4. itching patient frequently for signs
BRAND 2. It is also used in combination 5. sleep problems of fluid overload if with
NAME: with other drugs in the rashes,  concurrent diuretic therapy.
Capoten, treatment of heart failure after 6. diarrhea, 3. assessments of urine protein
Captogen a heart attack. constipation, may be ordered. Proteinuria
3. Also, used to treat kidney 7. loss, and nephrotic syndrome
 problems caused by diabetic 8. dry irritating may occur with therapy.
nephropathy. cough, changes in 4. Monitor BUN, Crea and
the way things electrolyte levels
Contraindications:  taste, periodically.
1. Allergy to other ACE 9. upset stomach, 5. WBC should be monitored
inhibitors. Aortic stenosis, abdominal pain, prior to therapy and
outflow obstruction, shortness of periodically thereafter.
renovascular disease. breath, 6. May cause false positive
2. Pregnancy and Lactation.  agranulocytosis, result for urine acetone
3. Caution in cases where patients neutropenia 7. Instruct patient to take
also have Leukemia, COPD, captopril exactly as directed.
renal or thyroid disease. Missed dose should be taken
as soon as remembered but
not if almost time for next
dose.
8. Do not double doses.
9. Instruct patient not to
discontinue captopril
therapy unless directed by
health care provider.
10. Encourage patient to comply
with additional interventions
for hypertension.
11. Instruct patient and family
on proper technique of
blood pressure monitoring.
Advice them to check blood
pressure at least weekly and
to report any significant
changes.
12. Caution patient to avoid
foods containing high levels
of sodium or potassium.
13. Advice patient that any
changes in taste sensation
will reverse itself within 8-
12 weeks.
14. Instruct patient to change
 position slowly to minimize
occurrence of orthostatic
hypotension.
15. Advice patient that
exercising in hot weather
may increase hypotensive
effect.
16. Instruct patient to consult
with a health care provider
before taking any over the
counter medications or cold
remedies.
17. Advice patient of ingesting
excessive amount of tea,
coffee or cola.
18. Advice patient to avoid
driving or other activities
that require alertness until
response to therapy is
known.
19. Instruct patient to notify
health care provider if rash,
sore throat, fever, irregular
heartbeat, chest pain,
swelling of face, eyes, lips
or tongue and difficulty of
breathing occurs.
20. Emphasize importance of
follow up examinations for
monitoring purposes.

GENERIC Beta-Blocker It is used for: 6.25 mg/tab, 1 tab  a light-headed feeling, 1) Do not discontinue drug
NAME: BID like you might pass abruptly after chronic
Carvedilol 1. It used to treat heart failure and out; therapy (hypersensitivity to
hypertension (high blood pressure).  slow or uneven catecholamines may have
BRAND 2. It is also used after a heart attack heartbeats; developed, causing
NAME: that has caused your heart not to  swelling, rapid weight exacerbation of angina, MI,
Coreg pump as well. gain, feeling short of and ventricular
 breath (even with mild
exertion);
Contraindications:  cold feeling or
numbness in your
1. You should not take carvedilol if fingers or toes;
you have asthma, bronchitis,  chest pain, dry cough,
emphysema, severe liver disease, or wheezing, chest
a serious heart condition such as tightness, trouble
heart block, "sick sinus syndrome," breathing; or
or slow heart rate (unless you have  high blood sugar
a pacemaker). (increased thirst,
increased urination,
2. Avoid drinking alcohol within 2
hunger, dry mouth,
hours before or after taking
fruity breath odor,
extended-release carvedilol (Coreg
drowsiness, dry skin,
CR). Also avoid taking medicines
blurred vision, weight
or other products that might contain
loss).
alcohol. Alcohol may cause the
 weakness, dizziness;
carvedilol in Coreg CR to be
diarrhea; dry eyes;
released too quickly into the body.
tired feeling; or weight
3. If you are being treated for high gain.
blood pressure, keep using
carvedilol even if you feel well.
High blood pressure often has no
symptoms. You may need to use
blood pressure medication for the
rest of your life.
arrhythmias); taper drug
gradually over 2 weeks with
monitoring.
2) Consult with physician
about withdrawing drug if
patient is to undergo surgery
(withdrawal is
controversial).
3) Give with food to decrease
orthostatic hypotension and
adverse effects.
4) Monitor for orthostatic
hypotension and provide
safety precautions.
5) Monitor diabetic patient
closely; drug may mask
hypoglycemia or worsen
hyperglycemia.
6) WARNING: Monitor
patient for any sign of
hepatic impairment
(pruritus, dark urine or
stools, anorexia, jaundice,
pain); arrange for LFTs and
discontinue drug if tests
indicate liver injury. Do not
restart carvedilol.
7) Take drug with meals.
8) Do not stop taking drug
unless instructed to do so by
a health care provider.
9) Avoid use of over-the-
counter medications.
10) Advise the diabetic patient
to promptly report changes
in glucose.
11) You may experience these
side effects: Depression,
 dizziness, light-headedness
(avoid driving or performing
dangerous activities; getting
up and changing positions
slowly may help ease
dizziness).
12) Report difficulty breathing,
swelling of extremities,
changes in color of stool or
urine, very slow heart rate,
continued dizziness.

GENERIC Gastrointestinal It is used for: 15 ml OD HS GI: Flatulence, 1. Laxative action is not

NAME: Agent 1. Prevention and treatment of borborygmi, belching, instituted until drug reaches
lactulose portal-systemic encephalopathy abdominal cramps, pain the colon; therefore, about
(PSE), including stages of hepatic and distention (initial 24–48 h is needed.
BRAND precoma and coma, and by dose);diarrhea (excessive 2. Do not self-medicate with
NAME: prescription for relief of chronic dose); nausea, vomiting, another laxative due to slow
Movelax, constipation. colon accumulation of onset of drug action.
Lilac Contraindications: hydrogen gas; 3. Notify physician if diarrhea
hypernatremia. (i.e., more than 2 or 3 soft
1. Diabetes mellitus; concomitant use stools/d) persists more than
with electrocautery procedures 24–48 h. Diarrhea is a sign
(proctoscopy, colonoscopy); older of overdosage. Dose
adult and debilitated patients; adjustment may be
pediatric use. indicated.
4. Do not breast feed while
taking this drug without
consulting physician.

GENERIC Proton Pump It is used for: 40 mg/tab, 1 tab GI: Diarrhea, flatulence, 1. Assess underlying condition
NAME: Inhibitor BID abdominal pain.  before therapy and therafter to
pantoprazol 4. Short-term treatment monitor drug effectiveness.
e of erosive esophagitis associated CNS: Headache, 2. Assess GI symptoms: abdominal
with gastroesophageal reflux pain, bleeding and anorexia
insomnia. 
BRAND disease (GERD). 3. Monitor for possible drug
NAME: Contraindications: induced adverse reactions.
Pantoloc Skin: Rash.
 5. Hypersensitivity to pantoprazole or
other proton pump inhibitors
(PPIs); severe hepatic
insufficiency, cirrhosis.

6. Mild to moderate hepatic

insufficiency; pregnancy (category
B), lactation.

7. Safety and effectiveness in

children <18 y are not established.

GENERIC Anticoagulant It is used for: 4000 units SQ OD 1. Hemorrhage 1. Consider dosage

NAME: 2. Anemia adjustment for clients
Enoxaparin 3. Injection site with low weight
1. Acute and extended
hematoma (<45kg)
prophylaxis of deep-vein thrombosis
BRAND 4. Nausea 2. Give only by deep SC
2. With warfarin for in-patient
NAME: 5. Thrombocytop while lying down
treatment of DVT
Lovanox enia 3. Do not give IM
3. With aspirin to prevent 6. Fever 4. Continue treatment until
ischemic complications of unstable 7. Headache risk of DVT decreases
angina and non-Q-wave myocardial 8. Edema 5. Do not mix with other
infarction 9. Spinal injections/infusions
hematoma 6. Discard any unused
Contraindications: solution
7. Assess for Heparin or
1. Intramuscular use pork product
2. Use with prosthetic valves due hypersensitivity
to possible valve thrombosis 8. Document baseline
3. Hypersensitivity to heparin hematologic
and enoxaparin parameters, liver functio
4. Hypersensitivity to pork n, and coagulation
products studies
5. When spinal/epidural puncture 9. Monitor VS and assess
is used, people may develop for signs of bleeding
 hematoma 10. Client may self-inject if
1. Monitor neurological educated and if follow-
impairment and treat promptly up on out-patient basis
2. Use with caution during is needed
pregnancy 11. Alternate administration
between the left and
right anterolateral and
posterolateral abdominal
wall
12. Do not rub injection site
13. May experience mild
discomfort, irritation,
hematoma at injection
site
14. Report unusual
bleeding, or weakness
15. Practice reliable
contraception
16. Avoid OTC agents
containing aspirin
17. Use an electronic razor
to shave