by Andrew D.

Miles

Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007

 500
Spanish
Business
Verbs
C o p y ri g h t by An d r e w D . M i l e s , B a r c e l o n a , 2 0 0 7 .

Al l ri ghts reserved . No part of thi s publi cati on

may be reproduced, stored in a retri eval
system, or transmi tted, i n any form wi thou t
wri tten authorization from the author.

Cover photograph by Andr ew D . M i l es

www.engli shforbusiness.es

Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007


A receipt.
abandonar abandon, waive.
abaratar lower a price, cheapen.
abastecer supply.
abonar 1. i.v. subscribe 2. t.v. make a
credit entry, credit 3. t.v. pay.
abrir open.
abrir crédito open credit.
abrir libros open books.
abrir una cuenta open an account.
absorber absorb, take over.
acaparar hoard, monopolize (AmE),
monopolise (BrE), corner.
aceptar accept.
aconsejar advise.
acopiar hoard, stockpile.
acrecentar increase.
acreditar 1. credit, make a credit
entry 2. authorize (AmE), authorise (BrE),
grant credentials.
activar carry forward as an asset.
actualizar 1. update, bring up to
date 2. revalue, revaluate, restate,
write up 3. modernize (AmE),
modernise (BrE), update 4. readjust
values according to the rate of
inflation.
acumular 1. accrue 2. accumulate.
acuñar mint.
acusar 1. accuse 2. acknowledge.
Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007
acusar recibo acknowledge
adelantar 1. advance 2. bring
forward, put forward.
adeudar 1. owe 2. charge, debit,
make a debit entry.
adicionar add.
adiestrar train.
adjudicar 1. award 2. allot, assign,
adjudicate.
adjuntar attach, enclose.
administrar manage, administrate,
administer, direct, run.
adquirir acquire.
afectar 1. allocate, assign 2. affect,
encumber.
afianzar secure, guarantee.
afiliar 1. t.v. affiliate 2. t.v. name as a
member or affiliate 3. i.v. become a
member or affiliate.
aflorar register in books items that
were previously concealed,
launder.
aforar appraise, value, assess.
agotar 1. deplete, use up, finish off
2. sell out.
agremiar 1. t.v. unionise (BrE), unionize
(AmE), join a union or syndicate
2. p.v. start a union or syndicate.
ahorrar save, economize (AmE),
economise (BrE).
ajustar 1. adjust 2. settle.
almacenar store, stock.
alquilar 1. hire, rent 2. let, lease, rent,
rent out.
alzar rise, increase.
amalgamar merge, amalgamate.
amortizar 1. depreciate 2. pay, pay
in instalments, amortize (AmE),
amortise (BrE) 3. write off 4. redeem 5.
recover an investment.
ampliar enlarge, extend.
ampliar el capital increase capital.
ampliar el plazo extend the term.
analizar analyse.
anexar attach, annex, incorporate,
add.
anotar note down, take note, write
down, enter.
antedatar date back, backdate,
antedate.
anticipar advance.
anticipar pagos advance
payments.
anticuar age.
anualizar annualise (BrE), annualize
(AmE).
anular cancel, void, annul, nullify.
anunciar 1. announce 2. advertise.
apelar appeal.
aplazar defer, postpone, adjourn.
aplicar 1. apply 2. appropriate,
allocate.
aportar contribute.
apoyar support, back up.
apreciar 1. appreciate, increase in
price or value 2. appraise.
aprobar 1. approve 2. pass.
Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007
apropiar appropriate.
aprovisionar supply, provision, stock.
apuntar note down, write down,
enter.
archivar file, archive.
arquear control, count, audit.
arrastrar carry over.
arrendar 1. hire, rent 2. let, lease,
rent, rent out.
arriesgar risk.
asalariar include in the payroll.
ascender 1. i.v. be promoted
2. t.v. promote.
asegurar insure, underwrite.
asentar post, register, enter,
journalize (AmE), journalise (BrE),
record, make an entry, enter into
books.
asesorar counsel, advise.
asignar 1. appropriate, allocate,
allot, apportion 2. assign 3. appoint.
asistir 1. attend 2. assist, help.
asociar 1. t.v. associate, make
someone a member 2. p.v. join,
become a member.
atracar berth.
atrasar 1. i.v. fall behind, be late in
paying 2. t.v. delay, postpone.
auditar audit
aumentar 1. t.v. increase, raise
2. i.v. rise.
auspiciar sponsor.
autenticar authenticate, attest.
autentificar authenticate, attest.
automatizar automate.
autorizar authorize (AmE),
authorise (BrE).
avalar endorse, guarantee, warrant.
avalorar appraise, assess, value.
avaluar appraise, assess, value.
avisar advise, notify.
ayudar help, aid.
B capitalizar capitalize (AmE),
bajar 1. t.v. decrease, lower 2. i.v. go
down, decrease, diminish.
balancear 1. balance 2. offset.
bancarizar convert a cash-based
payment and collection system into
a bank-based system.
beneficiar benefit.
blanquear launder assets, reveal
concealed assets.
bloquear 1. block, freeze
2. blockade.
boicotear boycott.
bonificar 1. pay a subsidy 2. give a
discount 3. pay a bonus.
borrar erase, delete.
C 2. summon.
caducar lapse, mature, expire.
Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007
calcular calculate, compute.
calificar 1. rate 2. mark.
cambiar change, exchange.
canalizar channel.
cancelar 1. cancel, settle, honour
(BrE), honor (AmE), pay off 2. write off.
canibalizar cannibalize (AmE),
cannibalise (BrE).
canjear 1. barter, exchange
2. redeem, convert.
capacitar train.
capitalise (BrE), fund, convert into
capital.
captar clientes obtain clients, gain
clients.
captar fondos raise funds.
cargar 1. charge, debit 2. load.
catalogar catalogue (BrE),
catalog (AmE).
caucionar pledge, bond, place a
bond.
centralizar centralize (AmE),
centralise (BrE).
certificar certify, attest.
cesar 1. i.v. stop 2. t.v. suspend from
job, dismiss.
chatear chat.
cifrar encrypt, encode.
citar 1. make an appointment
clasificar classify, rank.
clausurar close.
coadministrar co-manage, manage condonar condone.
jointly.
confiscar confiscate, seize, attach.
coasegurar co-insure.
conformar conform.
cobrar 1. collect, cash, cash in
2. charge. congelar freeze.

codificar 1. codify, code 2. encrypt, consignar consign.

code.
consolidar consolidate, combine,
cogenerar co-generate. merge.

cogestionar manage jointly, co- constituir constitute, incorporate, set

manage. up, form.

coinvertir co-invest, invest jointly. consumir consume.

colocar invest, collocate, place. contabilizar 1. enter into accounts,

record in accountancy books 2.
combinar combine, compound. count.
comercializar market, contaminar pollute.
commercialize (AmE),
commercialise (BrE). contar count.
comerciar trade, deal, do business. contrabandear smuggle.
comisar confiscate contraer contract, shrink.
comisionar commission. contraofertar counterbid.
compactar compact. contratar contract, hire, recruit, take
on.
compaginar lay out, arrange.

compensar 1. compensate, contribuir contribute.

indemnify 2. compensate, offset. controlar control.
competir compete.
convenir agree.
componer 1. compose 2. compound
convertir convert.
comprar buy, purchase.
convocar summon, call, call a
comprimir 1. compress 2. zip. meeting, demonstration, strike, etc.

comprobar check, audit, verify. coordinar coordinate.

computar count, take into account. copiar copy.

comunicar communicate. cortar cut.

conceder award, grant. cosechar harvest.

conciliar reconcile. costar cost.

Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007

cotizar 1. quote 2. pay social security depositar deposit.
dues 3. give a price, set a value.
depreciar depreciate.
cotizar en alza increase in value.
depurar debug.
cotizar en baja decrease in value.
derivar derive.
cotizar en bolsa be listed at the
stock market. desacelerar decelerate.

crecer grow. desahuciar evict, dispossess.

cuadrar 1. balance, tally 2. square. desalojar evict, dispossess.

custodiar 1. watch, guard 2. take into desarrollar develop.
custody.
desasociar terminate membership
of an association, society, club, etc.

D descapitalizar decapitalize (AmE),

decapitalise (BrE), reduce net worth
or capital.

datar date. descargar download.

deber owe. descentralizar decentralize (AmE),

decentralise (BrE).
debitar 1. debit, make a debit entry
2. charge. descifrar decrypt, decode.

decidir decide. descodificar decode, decrypt.

declarar declare. descomprimir 1. decompress 2. unzip.
decomisar seize, confiscate desconectar disconnect.
deducir 1. subtract, deduct descontar 1. give a discount or
2. deduce.
rebate, discount, rebate 2. discount
documents.
deflactar deflate.

deforestar deforest. descontar documentos discount

documents.
defraudar defraud.
desembargar release seizure,
delegar delegate. withdraw attachment order.

delinear draft, draught (BrE). desembolsar outlay, disburse, pay.

demandar 1. sue 2. demand. desestacionalizar seasonally adjust.

denegar deny. desfalcar embezzle, defalcate.

departamentalizar departmentalize desgastar wear, wear out.
(AmE), departmentalise (BrE).

Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007

desgravar 1. t.v. exempt from taxes 2. disolver dissolve.
i.v. be tax-deductible, allow for a tax
rebate 3. t.v. remove a lien or distribuir distribute.
attachment.
diversificar diversify.
desguazar break up, scrap.
documentar document, provide
designar appoint, nominate. documentation, supply evidence.

desinvertir divest. dolarizar dollarize (AmE), dollarise (BrE).

deslocalizar offshore. domiciliar pay by banker’s order,

pay by direct transfer from a bank
desmoldar strip, cast out. account, pay by direct debit.

desmonetizar demonetize (AmE), donar donate, grant.

demonetise (BrE).
dotar assign, provide, allot.
desnacionalizar denationalize (AmE),
denationalise (BrE).

despachar deliver, ship.

E
despedir dismiss, lay off, fire,
discharge.
economizar economize (AmE),
desvalorizar 1. t.v. devalue, economise (BrE), save.
devaluate 2. p.v. depreciate, lose
value. embalar pack.

desviar deviate. embarcar board.

devaluar devaluate, devalue. embargar seize, attach, garnish,

sequestrate.
devengar 1. accrue 2. produce,
bear, yield. embotellar bottle.

devolver return, give back. emitir issue.

diferir defer. emitir acciones issue shares (BrE),

issue stock (AmE).
digitalizar digitize (AmE), digitise (BrE),
digitalize (AmE), digitalise (BrE). empeñar pawn.

diligenciar acknowledge, approve, emplazar summon.

stamp.
emplear employ.
diluir dilute, water.
encuestar poll, survey.
dirigir lead, direct, manage, run.
endeudar 1. p.v. contract a debt, go
diseñar design. into debt 2. t.v. get someone into
debt.
disminuir diminish, decrease.
endosar endorse.

Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007

engrapar staple. exhibir exhibit, display, show.

enjuiciar bring to trial. eximir exempt.

enlazar link. expandir expand.
ensamblar assemble.
expedir 1. dispatch, ship, deliver,
ensayar test. forward 2. issue.

entrenar train. expender sell.

entrevistar interview. expirar expire.

envasar put into any type of explotar 1. run a business, shop,

container. concern, etc. 2. exploit.

enviar deliver, send. exponer 1. expose 2. exhibit, show.

erosionar erode. exportar export.
escalonar graduate, stagger.
expropiar expropriate.
escindir 1. split 2. spin off.
extender extend.
escribir write.
externalizar outsource.
escriturar sign a deed.
extraer withdraw, extract.
especular speculate.
extrapolar extrapolate.
esponsorizar sponsor.

establecer establish.

estafar embezzle, defraud, swindle.

F
estandarizar standardize (AmE),
standardise (BrE).

estenografiar stenograph. fabricar manufacture.

estimar estimate. facturar invoice, bill.

estructurar structure. falsificar forge, counterfeit, falsify.

estudiar study. fechar date.

etiquetar label. fiar 1. sell on credit, sell on account

2. trust, rely on.
evadir evade.

evadir impuestos evade taxes.
evaluar evaluate, assess, appraise.
examinar examine.
fichar 1. t.v. sign up, hire 2. i.v. clock in,
clock on (BrE), punch in (AmE) 3. i.v.
clock off, clock out (BrE), punch out
(AmE) 4. i.v. sign up, join.

Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007

fidelizar make faithful, generate girar 1. draw, write out, issue 2. send
brand loyalty, make someone loyal a money order.
to a brand, product, organisation,
etc. girar en descubierto overdraw.

financiar finance, fund. globalizar globalize (AmE),

globalise (BrE).
finiquitar settle.
graduar graduate.
firmar sign.
gráfico circular pie chart.
fletar charter, freight.
grapar staple.
flotar float.
gratificar 1. gratify 2. give a bonus
fluctuar fluctuate. payment.

fomentar promote. gravar 1. tax, levy 2. encumber.

formalizar formalize (AmE), formalise

(BrE), make official.

Formar 1. form 2. train. H

funcionar function, work, run.

fundir 1. p.v. become bankrupt 2. t.v. habilitar 1. authorize (AmE), authorise

provoke bankruptcy 3. t.v. & p.v. melt. (BrE) 2. provide funds.

fusionar merge, amalgamate. heredar inherit.

hilar spin.

hipotecar mortgage.
G homologar validate, certify,
homologate.

ganar 1. earn 2. gain 3. win.

garantizar 1. guarantee, warrant

2. guarantee, provide surety, I
collateralize (AmE), collateralise (BrE).

gastar 1. t.v. spend 2. t.v. & p.v. wear

out.
gerenciar manage.
gestionar 1. manage, run,
administrate 2. deal with, negotiate
3. follow steps and procedures in
order to obtain authorisations,
licences, permits, subsidies, etc.
imponer 1. impose 2. tax, levy.
importar import.
imprimir print.
imputar 1. assign, allocate, book as
2. charge, accuse 3. attribute.
incautar seize, attach, confiscate.

Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007

incentivar promote, give incentive
to. JK
incorporar 1. t.v. incorporate 2. t.v. hire
3. p.v. join.
jubilar pension, pension off, retire.
incrementar increase.

indemnizar indemnify, compensate.

indexar 1. index 2. update, adjust

according to inflation.
L
industrializar industrialize (AmE),
industrialise (BrE). lacrar seal.

inflar inflate. lanzar 1. launch, release 2. evict.

informar report, inform. legalizar legalize (AmE), legalise (BrE),

validate.
infravalorar 1. underestimate
2. undervalue. legar bequeath, will, devise.

ingresar 1. i.v. enter, join 2. t.v. deposit liberar release, clear, free.
3. t.v. input, enter, introduce.
liberar acciones issue shares (BrE),
inmovilizar block. issue stock (AmE).

inscribir register, inscribe, enrol. liberar el mercado deregulate the

market.
inspeccionar inspect.
librar draw, issue.
instalar install.
licenciar 1. t.v. license 2. t.v. discharge
integrar integrate.
3. p.v. obtain a professional degree,

intercambiar exchange, graduate.

interchange, swap.
licitar offer through a public tender.
interpolar interpolate.
liderar lead.
intervenir 1. intervene, take part
2. subject an institution or estate to
limitar limit.
receivership.
liquidar 1. liquidate, dissolve 2. sell
invalidar invalidate, nullify, void. off, sell out, clear 3. adjust, settle,
pay.
inventariar inventory, take inventory,
take stock. liquidar salario pay salary.

invertir invest. liquidar sueldo pay salary.

investigar research. liquidar sueldo pay salary.

inyectar inject. liquidar cuentas settle accounts.

Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007

 negociar 1. negotiate, deal 2. buy
M and sell, deal in.

nombrar name, appoint.

malgastar waste. nominar name, nominate.

malversar misappropriate, normalizar standardize (AmE),

embezzle. standardise (BrE).

mancomunar join, pool, combine, notificar notify.

associate.
numerar number.
mantener 1. support, maintain,
sustain 2. maintain, keep.

manufacturar manufacture.
O
maquilar manufacture at a low-
cost, cross-border factory.

matricular 1. register, enrol 2. obtain ocupar 1. employ, occupy 2.

a professional licence. occupy, take up place.

mecanografiar type. ofertar offer, bid.

mercadear sell, market. ofrecer offer.

mercar trade. operar operate.

mermar diminish, waste. optimizar optimize (AmE), optimise

(BrE).
mezclar mix.
ordenar order.
minusvalorar undervalue.
organizar organize (AmE), organise
modernizar modernise. (BrE).

monopolizar monopolize (AmE), otorgar grant.

monopolise (BrE).

multar fine.

multiplicar multiply. P

NÑ pactar agree, reach an agreement.

pagar pay.

nacionalizar nationalize (AmE), pagar por adelantado prepay, pay

nationalise (BrE). in advance.

navegar 1. navigate, sail 2. surf. parar 1. stop 2. strike, go on strike.

Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007

participar 1. participate 2. share. presentar 1. t.v. present, submit
2. t.v. introduce 3. p.v. apply for,
particular 1. private 2. particular. apply to 4. p.v. introduce oneself.

pasar a libros enter into books. prestar 1. lend 2. provide a service.

pasar aduanas clear customs. presupuestar budget.

patrocinar sponsor. privatizar privatize (AmE),

privatise (BrE).
pedir order.
procesar 1. process 2. prosecute.
pensionar retire, pension.
producir 1. produce 2. yield, bear.
percibir receive.
programar 1. program 2. plan,
perder lose. schedule.

periodificar accrue, divide into promocionar promote.

periods.
promover promote.
peritar survey, appraise. pronosticar forecast.
permutar barter. prorratear prorate, apportion.
personalizar customize (AmE), prorrogar postpone.
customise (BrE).
protocolizar record, register.
pignorar pledge, hypothecate.
proyectar 1. project 2. plan,
planificar plan, schedule. schedule.

ponderar weight. publicar publish, issue.

posdatar post-date. publicitar advertise.

poseer possess, have, own. pujar 1. bid 2. raise a bid, bid higher.

posicionar place. pulir polish.

pulsar click, press.

posponer postpone.

practicar practise.

prefabricar prefabricate. Q
prefinanciar prefinance.

preliminar preliminary. quebrar 1. i.v. become bankrupt,

go bankrupt, fail 2. t.v. provoke
prendar pledge. bankruptcy, make bankrupt.

prescribir prescribe, lapse. querellar bring suit.

Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007

 reconvertir restructure.
R recuperar 1. recover, redeem
2. salvage.

racionalizar rationalize (AmE), redactar write, edit.

rationalise (BrE).
redescontar rediscount.
readquirir reacquire.
redituar yield, yield a profit,
reajustar readjust, adjust. produce.

realizar 1. realize (AmE), realise (BrE) redondear round off.

2. cash in, turn into cash.
reembolsar reimburse, refund, pay
realizar beneficios cash in benefits. back, repay.

reasegurar reinsure, reassure. reenviar forward, send again.

rebajar reduce, rebate, lower, cut. reestructurar restructure.

recapitalizar recapitalize (AmE), reexportar reexport, re-export.

recapitalise (BrE).
refinanciar refinance, roll over.
recargar 1. overcharge, surcharge
2. overload. refinanciar refinance.

recaudar collect, raise. refrendar countersign, authenticate.

rechazar 1. reject, turn down 2. regatear bargain, haggle.

return, dishonour (BrE), dishonor (AmE).
rechazar un cheque return a
cheque (BrE), return a check (AmE),
dishonour a cheque (BrE), dishonor a
check (AmE).
registrar 1. t.v. register, record, enter
2. p.v. enrol, register.
reglamentar regulate, establish
rules.

rechazar una moción reject a regular regulate.

motion, defeat a motion. reimportar re-import.
recibir receive. reintegrar 1. t.v. refund, reimburse
2. p.v. join back, return.
reciclar recycle.

reclamar claim. reinvertir reinvest.

reclutar recruit. relevar 1. survey 2. replace 3. release,

exempt.
recobrar recover.
rematar auction.
recompensar reward.
remesar 1. ship, deliver 2. remit, send
recomprar repurchase, reacquire. money.

reconciliar reconcile. remitir send, deliver.

Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007

remunerar pay, remunerate, resultar result.
compensate.
resumir summarize (AmE),
rendir 1. yield, bear, produce summarise (BrE).
2. render, settle, report 3. perform.
retener withhold.
rendir cuentas 1. settle accounts,
render accounts 2. give retirar 1. p.v. retire 2. t.v. withdraw,
explanations. recall.

rendir interés bear interest. retrasar delay, postpone, adjourn.

renegociar renegotiate. retribuir pay.

renovar renew. retroalimentar feed back.
rentabilizar make profitable, reubicar relocate, redeploy.
maximise profits.
revalorizar 1. revaluate, increase
rentabilizar activos maximise return
2. revalue, valuate again.
on assets.
revaluar revaluate, write up.
rentar hire, rent, lease.
revender 1. resell 2. scalp.
renunciar 1. resign 2. waive,
relinquish. revertir reverse, revert.
reorganizar reorganize (AmE),
revisar examine, revise, audit.
reorganise (BrE).
revocar revoke, abrogate.
repartir 1. distribute, deliver
2. distribute, apportion, allot.
robotizar robotise (BrE), robotize (AmE).

reponer replace.
rotar turn, rotate.
reposicionar reposition.
rotular label.
representar represent.
rubricar sign, sign and seal.
reprogramar reprogram.

rescatar redeem, recall, recover,

rescue.
S
rescindir cancel, terminate, rescind,
abrogate, revoke.

reservar 1. reserve, allow 2. book, salariar include in the payroll, give a

reserve. job with a fixed salary.

respaldar endorse, back, support. saldar 1. settle, pay, pay off, cancel
2. balance.
restar deduct, subtract.
saldar cuentas settle accounts,
restringir restrict. settle up.

Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007

salvar 1. save, salvage 2. sobretasar value in excess,
authenticate changes in a overvalue, rate in excess.
document.
sobrevalorar value in excess,
sanear free from an excessive debt overvalue, overvalorate, write up.
burden, clean up.
sobrevaluar overvalue, grant an
secuestrar 1. seize, sequester excessive value.
2. kidnap.
solicitar 1. apply, apply for 2. request.
secundar second.
solventar 1. finance, pay for, fund 2.
segmentar segment. pay, settle.

seleccionar select. subalquilar sublet, sublease.

sellar stamp, seal. subarrendar sublease, sublet.

señar make a down payment. subastar auction.

sindicalizar 1. t.v. unionize (AmE), subcontratar subcontract.

unionise (BrE), organise into a trade
union 2. p.v. unionize (AmE), unionise subordinar subordinate.
(BrE), form a trade union
3. t.v. syndicalize (AmE), syndicalise subrogar subrogate.
(BrE).
subscribir 1. t.v. subscribe
sindicar 1. p.v. syndicate, pool, 2. t.v. underwrite 3. p.v. subscribe

organise into a syndicate to a publication.

2. p.v. unionize (AmE), unionise (BrE),
subscribir acciones subscribe shares
form a trade union 3. t.v. unionize
(BrE), subscribe stocks (AmE),
(AmE), unionise (BrE), organise into a
underwrite shares (BrE), underwrite
trade union
stocks (AmE).
sinterizar sinter.
subvalorar undervalue,
sistematizar systematize (AmE), underestimate.
systematise (BrE), automate.
subvaluar undervalue.
sobornar bribe, pay off.
subvencionar subsidize (AmE),
sobrecapitalizar overcapitalize (AmE), subsidise (BrE).
overcapitalise (BrE).
sumar 1. add, sum up 2. amount to,
sobrecargar 1. overcharge, add up to.
surcharge, charge in excess 2.
overload, load in excess. suministrar supply, purvey.

sobredepreciar overdepreciate. supervisar supervise.

sobregirar overdraw. suscribir 1. t.v. subscribe

2. t.v. underwrite 3. p.v. subscribe to a
sobreproducir overproduce. publication.

Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007

suscribir acciones subscribe shares
(BrE), subscribe stock (AmE), underwrite
shares (BrE), underwrite stock (AmE).
suspender 1. suspend, interrupt
2. remove from office temporarily.
suspender pagos stop payment.
sustituir substitute.
T tributar pay taxes.
tabular tabulate, table.
taquigrafiar stenograph, shorthand,
write in shorthand.
tasar assess, appraise, valuate.
telefonear telephone.
tender tend.
terminar terminate.
testar make a will or testament.
timbrar stamp, put a seal or stamp.
titularizar securitize.
tomar take.
tomar prestado borrow.
totalizar totalize (AmE), totalise (BrE),
add up, sum up.
trabajar 1. work 2. operate.
traducir translate.
traficar deal, trade, traffic.
tramitar carry out procedures in
order to obtain official
authorisations, permits, documents,
etc.
transferir transfer, pass, convey.
Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007
transferir título transfer title, pass title.
transportar 1. transport, haul, carry
2. carry forward, carry over
trasladar 1. transfer, translate, move
2. carry forward, carry over.
traspasar 1. transfer, pass over to,
turn over to 2. carry forward, carry
over.
tratar 1. deal in, trade in 2. deal with.
U
uniformalizar standardize (AmE),
standardise (BrE).
unir join.
urbanizar develop.
usufructuar use, utilize (AmE),
utilise (BrE).
V
valer cost, be valued at, be worth,
have a price of.
validar validate.
valorar 1. value, appraise, assess
2. appreciate, increase in value.
valorizar 1. appreciate, increase in
value 2. value, appraise.
valuar value, appraise, assess.
variar vary, fluctuate.
 vencer 1. expire, lapse 2. fall due, vincular 1. link 2. bind.
mature.

vender sell.

vetar veto.
WXYZ
vigilar watch. zonificar zone, divide into zones.

Abbreviations
BrE British English
AmE American English
t.v. transitive verb
i.v. intransitive verb
p.v. pronominal verb

www.amazon.com Abreviaturas
BrE ingles británico.
AmE inglés americano.
t.v. verbo transitivo.
i.v. verbo intransitivo.
p.v. verbo pronominal. www.amazon.com

Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007

Andr ew D . M i l es i s the di rector of
Engli sh for Business Barcelona,
Engli sh for Business Madri d
and English Phone

Engli sh for Business Barcelona

teaches Engli sh lessons to
companies in the
Barcelona area.

Engli sh for Business Madri d

teaches Engli sh lessons to
companies in the
Madrid area.

Engli sh Phone provi des lessons

by telephone to students who
want to i mprove thei r oral
communi cation skills.

www.engli shforbusiness.es

Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007