Nikon

Polarizing Microscope

OPTIPHOT -POL
INSTRUCTIONS

NIPPON KOGAKU K. K.
 CAUTIONS

o Avoid sharp knocks!

Handle the microscope gently, taking care
to avoid sharp knocks.
f}When carrying the microscope
When carrying the microscope, hold its arm
with one hand, supporting the bottom of
the microscope base with the other. The
instrument weighs about 10.5 kg. Do not
have the lamp housing carry any load.
o Exchanging the lamp bulb and fuse
Before replacing the lamp bulb or fuse,
turn 0 F F the power switch and disconnect
the plug of the power source cord.
In such cases as of replacement, do not
touch the lamp bulb with bare hands, im-
med iately after putting out the lamp.
«;) Dirt on the lens
Do not leave dust, dirt or finger marks on

8 Place for using

Avoid the use of the microscope in a dusty
the lens surfaces.
They will prevent you from clear observa-
tion of the specimen image.
place, where it is subject to vibrations or
exposed to high temperatures, moisture or
direct sunlight.
o Strain-free glasses
The optical elements of this microscope

o Power source voltage

In every case, make sure of the power
being constructed of strain-free glasses,
take particular caution in handling the
objectives and condenser lenses not to
source voltage by means of the input cause strain to them.
voltage change-over switch on the bottom
of the microscope base. 4D> Focus knobs

o Light source
Halogen lamp bulb to be used is 12V-
Never attempt to adjust the tightness of
the right- and lefthand focus knobs by
turning the one, while holding the other in
50W. Do not use 12V-l OOWhalogen lamp th is model microscope, because of causi ng
bulb. If the lamp bulb of over-rated wat- disorder.
tage is used, light adjusting circuit will
damage.
Never connect the lamp housing cord to
the house current socket directly.

oI n lighting the lamp

Take care not to touch the lamp housing
being lighted, and don't bring inflammable
substances such as gasoline, thinner, and
alcohol near to the lamp housing, as some
parts of the lamp housing may take a high
temperature while the lamp is being light-
ed.
 CARE AND MAINTENANCE CONTENTS

o Cleaning the lenses

To clean the lens surfaces, remove dust
I.
II.
NOMENCLATURE
ASSEMBLY.
·············0
....... 0
using a soft brush or gauze. Only for
III. PREPARATION ·······8
removing finger marks or grease, should
soft cotton cloth, lens tissue or gauze 1. Centering the Lamp 8
lightly moistened with absolute alcohol 2. Interpupillary Distance Adjustment 0
(ethanol or methanol) be used. 3. Diopter Adjustment 0
For cleaning the objectives and immersion 4. Optical Path Change-over in the
oil use only xylene. Trinocular Eyepiece Tube "TP" 0
Observe sufficient caution in handling 5. Centering the Objectives 0
alcohol and xylene. 6. Centering the Condenser Lens 4@

8 Cleaning the painted surfaces

Avoid the use of any organic solvent (for
IV. MICROSCOPY
1. Operating Procedure
2. Manipulation of Each Element
41
41
~
example, thinner, ether, alcohol, xylene 1) Focusing ~
etc.) for cleaning the painted surfaces and 2) Condenser aperture diaphragm ~
plastic parts of the instrument. 3) Field diaphragm ~

8 Never attempt to dismantle!

Never attempt to dismantle the instrument
4)
5)
6)
Circular graduated stage
Objectives
Eyepieces
~
4J)
4J)
so as to avoid the possibility of impairing 7) Achromat strain-free condenser 4J)
the operational efficiency and accuracy. 8) Bertrand lens 4D

o When not in use

When not in use, cover the instrument with
9)
10)
11)
1/4 A & tint plate
Dia-polarizer and analyzer
Filters
4D
4D
G)
the accessory vinyl cover, and store it in a 12) Lowering the substage G)
place free from moisture and fungus. 13) Illumination system G)
It is especially recommended that the V. PHOTOMiCROGRAPHy 4D
objectives and eyepieces be kept in an
VI. ACCESSORIES ~
airtight container containing desiccant.

o
1. Senarmont Compensator ~
2. Quartz Wedge ~
Periodical checking
To maintain the performance of the instru- 3. Monocular Eyepiece Tube "AP" W
ment, we recommend to check the instru- 4. Universal epi-illuminator W
5. Attachable Mechanical Stage Type "E". ~
ment periodically. (For details of this
check, contact our agency.) 6. Universal Stage ~
VII. TROUBLE SHOOTING TABLE ~

REFERENCE ~

ELECTRIC SPECIFICATIONS 0
I.NOMENCLATURE

Interpupillary distance scale Microflex clamp screw

Diopter ring
Trinocular eyepiece tube "TP"
CF eyepiece
Optical path change-over knob
Eyeguard
Eyepiece tube clamp screw

Bertrand lens ring

I----------- Analyzer knob

Centering nosepiece
Intermediate tube clamp screw
CF Achromat P objective 111'1,
(Stra in-free)
Substage clamp screw
Vernier

Circular graduated stage

Achromat strain-free condenser

Socket sleeve
Orientation plate
Lamp vertical
Field lens centering ring

Lamp lateral
Brightness control dial centering screw
(including power switch) Lamp input plug

Filter receptacle

Filter frame
Lamp centering tool Dust cap

~ (NCB10. ND2. ND16&GIFI

Fig. 1
 -..
Analyzer rotation ring

Analyzer clamp screw

Compensator slot
Intermediate tube "P"
1 /4 A & tint plate
Nosepiece clamp screw

45° click stop lever Nosepiece centering screw

Specimen clip

Condenser focus knob

Coarse focus knob

Condenser aperture
diaphragm control ring
Fine focus knob
------- Dia-polarizer

Lamp housing Condenser clamp screw

Lamp housing Brightness indicator

clamp screw

Field diaphragm control ring

Arm rest

X-POL stand

Fig.2
II. ASSEMBLY
• To assemble the microscope, follow the procedure in the order given:

Bottom of the Base

CF eyepiece
Insert the eyepiece CFW 10XCM
into the right-hand sleeve, fitting
the pin of the eyepiece in the
right-hand notch of the sleeve.
Into the left-hand sleeve, insert
theCFW10X.

1/4 A & tint plate

Power source voltage @ Remove the screw by the side of
the 1/4 plate of the 1/4 & tint
"A. "A.

Set the input voltage to the power plate and insert it into the com-
source voltage by means of the pensator slot of the intermediate
change-over switch on the bottom tube "P", facing the positioning
of the base. groove toward the operator side.
Reattach the removed screw.
Bottom of the Base
~
~ -------
@
17 Lower
Centeringthenosepiece
stage sufficiently.
Releasing the nosepiece clamp
screw on the left side of the
microscope arm, insert the nose-
piece. Making sure of positive
fitting of the pin on the micro-
scope arm into the nosepiece
groove, refasten the clamp screw.

Leveling foot screw

For stable installation of the @6CF Achromat
Mount the objectives on the nose-
P objective (Strain-free)
piece in such positions that their
microscope, manipulate the magnifying power increases as the
adjusting screw at one foot on nosepiece is revolved clockwise.
the bottom of the microscope
base.
Specimen clip
Bottom of the Base
@ Place the clip on the stage
using holes on the stage sur-
face.

Aperture
number
plate

lowest power

If the illumination is found too Achromat strain-free condenser

bright or unstable, when the switch is Insert the condenser into the con-
turned ON, make adjustment of the denser carrier, facing the aperture
lowest voltage in the following way: number plate toward the operator.
1) Turn the brightness control dial Fasten the clamp screw on the left
to OFF. side of the carrier.
2) Turn the lowest voltage adjusting
screw on the bottom of the
microscope base counterclockwise Circular graduated stage
to the limit, using a screw driver.
3) Turn the brightness control dial
to ON_ At this time, the lamp
@ Release the substage clamp screw using
a driver, and sl ide the substage on the
Substage
clamp scre,
voltage will be highest, immedi- dovetail fitting. In such a position that
ately after lighting. the top ends of the substage and the
4) In this condition, gently turn the dovetail are at the same level, fasten
lowest voltage adjustingsc;:ew the clamp screw.
clockwise, to set the voltage to
nearly 4 on the ind icator.
 @ Eyepiece tube
Attach the eyepiece tube on the intermediate tube "P", fitting
the notch of the circular dovetail on the end of the clamp screw.
Fasten the clamp screw.

@ Intermed iate tube "P"

Attach the intermediate tube "P" on the arm of the X-POL stand,
fitting the notch of the circular dovetail on the end of the
clamp screw. Fasten the clamp screw.

Filter frame
@ Filter
Place the filter into the filter
Eyepiece tube clamp screw frame. After centering the lamp,
put the filter with the frame into
the filter receptacle. No frame is
provided for the diffuser.

® Power input plug

Connect the plug to the re-
ceptacle on the fi Iter recep-
tacle's right side.

® Insert the
Lamp housing
lamp
housing into the col-
lector lens, and fas-
ten the clamp screw
on the left side of
the housing.

f3\ (12V-50W)
~ Halogen lamp bulb
Insert the lamp bulb with
its pins into the accepting
holes in the socket.
Note: Don't touch the
bulb surface directly
with the fi nger.

Lamp input plug

Connect the plug to the
receptacle on the filter
receptacle's left side.

Socket sleeve
Insert the socket sleeve into
the lamp housing, and fasten Socket sleeve clamp screw
it firmly with the clamp screw.
Fig. 3
III. PREPARATION
7) Release the socket sleeve clamp screw (Fig.
1. Centering the Lamp
6). Turning the lamp lateral centering screw
1) Connect the power source cord to the and vertical centering ring, bring the fila-
socket. ment image to the center, as shown in
2) Turn the brightness control dial to switch Fig.7.
ON and adjust the voltage to 6 on the
indicator. Socket sleeve
clamp screw
3) Place the specimen on the stage, and focus
Lamp vertical
on the specimen using lOx objective. In centering ring
this case, open the condenser aperture and
field diaphragms to the largest extent.
4) Roughly center the condenser lens using
lOX objective, following the procedures Lamp lateral
centering screw
given on P. 10- 6.
5) Put the lamp centering tool on the field Fig. 6
lens and onto the tool place a NO filter.
(Fig. 4)
Filament
image

ND filter

Lamp Condenser
centering aperture
tool
diaphragm

Fig. 7
8) As shown in Fig. 8, put the diffuser, with
Fig. 4 its matte surface faced toward the micro-
6) Stop down the condenser aperture dia- scope stand, into the filter receptacle
phragm, release the lamp housing clamp which is the closest to the microscope
screw, and move the lamp housing back stand.
and forth (Fig. 5), until a sharp image of
the lamp filament appears on the aperture
diaphragm surface, which can be seen by
the reflection from the NO filter.

Lamp housing /

Fig. 8
The above centering procedure should be car-
Lamp housing
clamp screw ried out, when replacing the lamp bulb.

Fig.5
2. Interpupillary DistanceAdjustment I 4. Optical Path Change-over in the
Place a specimen on the stage, and focus on the Trinocular Eyepiece Tube "TP"
specimen. (Fig. 11)
As shown in Fig. 9, adjust the interpupillary
distance, so that both the right and left view-
fields become one. '
Vertical photo
tube: 86%
Observation Observation
tube: 100% tube: 14%
+-- --+
~OPtical path
change-over knob

Fig.11
*Since the CF eyepieces are of high eye-
point type, it is not necessary for the user
Fig. 9
putting on his spectacles to remove them.
Only fold down the eyeguard rubber.
(Fig.13)
3. Diopter Adjustment
Rotate the diopter ring on the eyepiece CFW
lOx CM until the cross lines are seen clear.
(Fig. 10)

Fig. 12 Fig. 13

5. Centeringthe Objectives
Fig. 10
1) Place the specimen on the stage, and focus
(For b inocu lar observation) on the specimen. Bring an appropriate tar-
1) Mount the specimen on the stage. Swing get to the center of the cross lines in the
the objective 10 x into position, and bring eyepiece.
the specimen image into focus looking into 2) Insert the centering tools in the centering
the right-hand eyepiece. screws on the nosepiece. (F ig. 14)
2) Witll.Out manipulating the coarse-and-fine
focus knob, turn the diopter ring on the
left-hand eyepiece to focus on the speci-
men.

Fig. 14
 3) Rotate the stage about 1800, and the target
is displaced from the center of the cross Image of field
lines. Move the objective using the center-
ing tools so that the center of the cross
[~:a~~~~~~
~'\
Iines comes to one half position of the
displacement of the target. (F ig. 15)

)
":/
,,>J
Rotate
1800
Eyepiece
viewfield stop
A half
Target- position
of the Fig. 16
displacement

Fig. 15
• Repeat the above procedure two or three
times, and the rotation center of the stage
coincides with the cross Iines center .
• Carry out centering for each objective.

6. Centering the Condenser Lens

1) Close the field diaphragm in the micro-
scope base to its smallest size by means of
the field diaphragm control ring. Rotate
the condenser focus knob to move the
condenser vertically so that a sharp image
of the field diaphragm is formed on the
specimen surface.
2) Bring the field diaphragm image to the
center of the field of view by means of
the condenser centering screws.
(Fig. 16-1IJ)
3) Change over to the objective 40 x, and
adjust the field diaphragm so that the
image of the diaphragm is about the same
as the eyepiece viewfield stop, as shown in
Fig. 16-~. If not centered, use the con-
denser centering screws again.
 IV. MICROSCOPY

11. Operating Pr0Cf}dur~

1) Turn the brightness control dial (including
power switch) to light the lamp.
2) Bring the analyzer and the Bertrand lens out of
the optical path.
3) Place the specimen on the stage and swing the
10X objective into position. Focus on specimen.
4) Adjust the interpupillary distance and diopter.
(Refer to P. 9)
5) Make certain of correct illumination.
(Refer to P. 8)
6) Put the filters necessary into the filter recep-
tacle.
7) Carry out the centering procedure for the
objective. (Refer to P. 9)
8) Carry out the centering procedure for the con-
denser. (Refer to P. 10)
9) Bring the analyzer into the optical path.
10) Swing in the objective to be used and refocus on
specimen.
11) Brightness is adjusted by selecting ND filters or
by changing the lamp voltage to 6 ~ 12.
Table 1
70% ~ higher
80%field
higher ofOrthoscopic
the
of view
of OUT field of view
view
circumference
the eyepiece
4X or
the
ence
(or IN
of
microscopy
Conoscopic
field
fully
circumfer-
of the
conoscopic the
er aperture
al
pened of
Fully 4XINor
OUT Circumscribed
the opened
objective
the
ence circumfer-
of
orthoscopic IN
opened)
cribed
trand lens
the
Circumscribed
 observing the image of the diaphragm
2. Manipulation of Each Element which is visible on the bright circle of exit
1) Focusing pupil of objective inside.
• The relation between the direction of rota- • When swinging out the top lens of the con-
tion of the focus knobs and that of vertical denser (for microscopy using 4x or lower
movement of the stage is as indicated in objective), fully open the condenser
Fig. 17. aperture diaphragm.
(2) Conoscopic microscopy
• In conoscopic microscopy, the condenser
Torque adjustment
aperture diaphragm works as a field dia-
ring
Fine focus
phragm on the conoscopic image surface.
knob Stop down the diaphragm to such an
Coarse focus extent that it circumscribes the circumfer-
knob
ence of the field of view of the conoscopic
image (exit pupil of objective) to shut out
Fig. 17 the stray light.
• One rotation of the fine focus knob moves
3) Field diaphragm (F diaphragm)
the stage 0.1 mm. • The field diaphragm is used for determin-
The graduation on th is focus knob ~ ing the illuminated area on the specimen
divided into 111m. surface in relation to the field of view of
One rotation of the coarse focus knob
the microscope. Generally, it is stopped
moves the stage 4.7mm. down to such an extent that the circum-
• Tightness of the coarse-fine focus knob ference of the illuminated area circum-
having been properly adjusted by the scribes that of the eyepiece field of view.
manufacturer, it should never be readjusted [Note] This diaphragm does not work as
in this model microscope by turning the
the field diaphragm when the
one knob while holding the other.
condenser top lens is swung out
2) Condenser aperture diaphragm (A dia- of the optical path. In this case
the diaphragm is recommended
phragm)
(1) Orthoscopic microscopy to be fully opened because the
numerical aperture of the illumi-
• The condenser aperture diaphragm is
nator will be cut off when this
provided for adjusting the numerical
aperture (N.A.) of the illuminating system diaphragm is excessively stopped
down.
of microscope.
In genera I, when it is stopped down to 70
4) Circular graduated stage
~ 80% of the numerical aperture of the
• The rotation angle of the stage is readable
objective, a good image of appropriate
with the accuracy of 0.10 via a paired
contrast will be obtained. (Fig. 18) vern ier scales.
When the reading with one of the vernier
Exit pupil
scales is interrupted by the attachable
of objective mechanical stage type "E", read the other
vernier and add ±90° to the reading .
• The 450 click-stop device comes to act at
Aperture
diaphragm every 450 rotation, starting from a position
Size of the condenser aperture diaphragm
where the click stop lever has been pulled
toward the operator, giving convenience in
Fig. 18
switching over the observation from a
• Remove the eyepiece from the eyepiece crossed Nicols position to a diagonal posi-
tube, adjust the size of the diaphragm, tion. (Fig. 19)
 6) Eyepieces
• To take full advantage of the CF eyepieces,
Clamp use them in combination with the CF
screw
objectives.
• By inserting the eyepiece with cross lines
and graduation (CFW 10XCM) into the
eyepiece sleeve fitting the protractor pin
45° click-stop into the right-hand side groove of the
lever
sleeve, the O-direction of the analyzer and
Fig. 19 dia-polarizer are al igned with the cross lines
direction.
For the click-stop release, turn the lever
toward the microscope body. If the protractor pin is fitted to the upper

• The stage can be clamped at any position right side groove of the sleeve, the cross
using the stage rotation clamp screw on lines will be aligned with the diagonal posi-
the right-hand vernier. tion of the polarizaiton.
• CF PL Projection lenses are exclusively
5) Objectives designed for photom icrography. Do not
• The CF Achromat P objectives (Strain-free) use them for observation. ---
and CF eyepieces adopted in the Nikon • For focusing with the observation tube of
POLARIZING MICROSCOPE OPTIPHOT- the trinocular eyep iece tube for photo-
PO L are designed on the basis of a concept micrography, use the eyepiece incorporat-
"Chromatic Aberration Free". ing the photo mask.
In every case use the CF objectives in com-
7) Achromat strain-free condenser
bination with the CF eyepieces.
• The top lens of the condenser is to be
(1) Oil immersion objectives (Oil)
placed in the optical path for the ortho-
• Objective CF Achromat P 100X (Oil), an
scopic and conoscopic microscopy provid-
oil-immersion type, is to be immersed in oil
ed that it is to be swung out when an
between the specimen and front of the
objective of 4X or lower magnification is
objective.
in use.
To see if air bubbles are present in the im-
[Note] For the orthoscopic microscopy,
mersion oil, which deteriorate the image
a lower numerical aperture illumi-
quality, pull out the eyepiece from the
nation with the top lens swung out
eyepiece tube to examine the objective exit
condenser was used to be recom-
pupil inside the tube. To remove air bub-
mended, however, this method is
bles, revolve the nosepiece slightly to and
not effective especially for high
fro several times, apply additional oil, or
magn ification observation because
replace the oil. Be careful not to rotate the
of the lowered resolution. Hence,
nosep iece too far as to soil the ends of the
for the latter case, use of the top
other objectives with oil.
lens may rather be recommend-
• To clean off the oil, pass lens tissue or soft
able except the retardation mea-
cloth moistened with xylene lightly two or
surement or the interference color
three times over the lens. It is essential at
observation for wh ich it is neces-
this time to avoid touching the lens with
sary to make the illumination
the part of tissue or cloth once used.
light flux as parallel as possible to
(2) Coverglass
• With the objectives engraved "160/0.17", the optical axis by swinging out
the top lens or stopping down the
use a coverglass of O.17mm in thickness.
• The indication "160/-" on the objective aperture diaphragm.
means that no matter whether a coverglass • Thickness of the glass slide must be 1.7mm
is used or not, no decrease of image defini- or less, otherwise, the field diaphragm
tion or of contrast will result.
 might fail to focus its image on the speci- In the above simultaneous observation of
men. the conoscopic and orthoscopic images,
the former image may appear deviated
8) Bertrand lens
from the orthoscopic view field center,
(with the trinocular eyepiece tube "TP" or
however, the deviated image represents
the binocular eyepiece tube "BP" in use)
the conoscopic light flux that covers the
• Bring the Bertrand lens into the optical
central part of the orthoscopic view field
path by turning the Bertrand lens ring to the extent of about 1/18.
leftward to observe the conoscopic image.
(Fig. 20) 9) 1/4 'A & tint plate
• Removing the 1/4 'A plate side screw, hold
the 1/4 'A & tint plate, the cI ick stop
groove facing the operator and insert it
forward into the compensator slot.
Then screw-in the above screw as it was.
(Fig.23)

Bertrand lens
ring

Fig. 20
• The conoscopic view field is as large as
about 1/4 of the orthoscopic view field.
(Fig. 21)

Conoscopic image
of this area can be
observed
--Orthoscopic viewfield
Fig. 21
• The conoscopic image may also be observ-
ed overlapping on the orthoscopic image
through the binocular observation, one of
the paired eyepieces being replaced with
the accessory pin hole eyepiece and with-
out the Bertrand lens in the optical path.
(Fig.22)
Fig. 23
• The tint plate has an empty hole at the
center. By pushing it through the slot, the
sensitive tint plate (530nm) is brought
into the optical path and by pu IIing it out
the 1/4 'A p late is brought into the optical
path.
10) Dia-polarizer and analyzer
• When the both are set at ~ read ing on the
protractor scale, position of the polariza-
tion plane coincides with the orientation
plate, which shows that the indication "P"
of the X-direction is for dia-polarizer and
the "A" of the V-direction is for analyzer,
on the microscope base. (Fig. 24)
[Note] Some of the polarizing micro-
scope's reference books or special
works available in the market may
explain that the X-direction is for
analyzer and the V-direction, for
polarizer.

Fig. 22
 11) Filters
• Put the filter with the frame into the filter
receptacle between the microscope base
Orientation and the lamp housing. The accessory filters
plate are as shown below:

~ Table 2. Use of Filters

2 filter (T=50%) For be

and
To general
color
Use microscopy
photomicro-
inserted inphoto-
all cases
Type of filter monochromatic
ment
except and
for contrast-up
lamp centering in
ND 16 filter (T=6.25%) For brightness adjustment
GIF
(Green
ND interference)
(Without frame) micrography
graphy
Diffuser (Color For retardation measure-
NCB 10balancing
filter filter)
Fig. 24
• The dia-polarizer rotates 3600, and can be
detached from the substage by pulling
downward. (Fig. 25)
For attaching the dia-polarizer, push it
with the pin on the dia-polarizer into
coincidence
o
with the groove at the position
of 0 on the bottom of the substage.

1 2) Lowering the substage

• Releasing the clamp screw using a screw
driver, as shown in Fig. 27, permits lower-
ing the substage as far as 32mm from the
observing position beyond the moving
stroke of the focusing device.
So, the microscope makes it possible to
Dia-polarizer
examine the thicker specimens (mainly
in episcopic polarizing microscopy) and
to use the universal stage.
Fig. 25
• The analyzer rotates 1800 via the rotation Substage
clamp screw
ring, the left-hand side clamp being releas-
ed. The rotation angle readable with
accuracy of 0.10 via the vernier.

rtY
The analyzer can be taken out of the
optical path by pulling out by the analyzer
knob. (Fig. 26)

~
Fig. 27

13) Illumination system

Analyzer
clamp screw
• The optical system for illumination in the
Analyzer
OPTIPHOT-POL microscope is constructed
rotation ring to fulfill the Koehler illumination require-
Analyzer
knob ments perfectly, and offers a bright,
uniform field without any change-over
manipulation.
Fig. 26
• Halogen lamp 12V-50W (OSRAM 64610
or PH I LIPS 7027) is used as a Iight source.
 V.PHOTOMICROGRAPHY
Prepare the following equipments in addition to
3. Shutter Speed
the OPTIPHOT-POL microscope main body.
* Nikon Microflex Desirable shutter speeds for least vibration are
* Trinocular eyepiece tube "TP" 1/4 ~ 1/15 sec. Adjustment of the image bright-
* CF PL Projection lens ness for color photomicrography should be
made by means of the NO filters.

1. CF PI:.Projection Lenses
4. Manipulation of Field and Aperture
The combined use of the CF P objectives and Diaphragm
CF PL Projection lenses is essential.
For the same total magnification, select a com- In photomicrography, the adjustment of the
bination of the highest possible objective power field diaphragm is important for the purpose of
and lowest possible projection lens power to limiting extraneous light which causes flare in
achieve the utmost image definition and the microscope image. Stop down the dia-
contrast. phragm so as to get an illuminated area slightly
larger than that of the picture field. By adjust-
ing the aperture diaphragm, a change of depth
2. Illumination of focus, contrast and resolution of image is
attainable. Select a size suited to the purpose.
1) Checking the illu mination
Generally speaking, the aperture diaphragm, is
Unevenness in the illumination will show
properly stopped down to 70 ~ 80% of the
up more conspicuously in photomicro-
aperture of the objective being used.
graphy than in observation. Consequently,
before taking a photograph, recheck the
positioning and centering of the lamp and
5. Focusing
the correct adjustment of the condenser.
Focusing for photomicrography can be done
2) Selection of voltage and filter with the observation tube of the trinocular
The color temperature of the light source eyepiece tube "TP" or by using the Microflex
varies with the voltage being used. There- finder.
fore, in color photomicrography, the
selection of voltage and filter is essential 1) Adjust diopter
(for the result to be obtained). • Using binocular of eyepiece tube:
Use 4X or 1 OX objective.
Table 3. Standard Selection Insert the mask eyepiece into either of
Film
NCB type
Remove
8isNCB
10 Voltage
to be
Filter
10 used6
Over right or left eyepiece sleeve that is ac-
Contrast
9 fi Iter(green),
Tungsten
film film etc. is usable
type customed to usual use. Adjust the diopter
Remove NCB 10
ring to bring the double cross line in the
view field center into focus. (Fig. 28)
Then focus the specimen image also on the
central area of the mask by means of the
focus knob of the microscope.
The diopter of another eyepiece is to be
Table 3 shows the standard combination. adjusted by focusing specimen rotating the
Depending upon the make of the film, diopter ring without using the microscope
different color renditions may result. It is focus knob.
recommended that in addition to the NCB Rotate the mask eyepiece so as the mask
10 filter a color compensation filter (CC positions as shown in Fig. 32.
filter), available from the film manufac-
tu rer, be used.
 • Using ocular finder: The focusing magnifier is to be adjusted
Adjust the diopter ring so as the double beforehand for viewing infinit distance
cross line in the view field center can be (magnifier is set at the red line).
seen clear and each line separated. (Fig. 29) Viewing through the attached focusing
magnifier, move it back and forth until the
double cross line is seen clear. Then, focus
II II the double cross line and the specimen
. _
Dou ble cross line ;;.::";"" = ....••
-
l2lll2....,.. __ image by rotating the fine focus knob as
of the mask eyepiece /il111 II sharp as possible.

Fig. 28 I 6. Picture composing

Compose the picture within the mask in

Double cross Ii.ne

of the ocular finder

«> 4)7
q)P ~
-+ ~ 'l
'l~
the ocular finder corresponding to the film
size in use by driving the microscope stage
by lateral and longitudinal movement and
rotation. (Fig. 31)

Fig. 29
For 35mm film
2) Make focusing according to the magnifica-
tion of objective to be used. For 4"x5"
Polaroid film

• Using 40X or higher objective:

For 3~" X 4X;"
With diopter adjusted eyepiece make the Polaroid film

specimen image sharp by rotating the For 6X9

roll film
microscope fine focus knob and make sure Double cross line
that both of the double cross line and the
Finder mask
speci men image are seen crisp Iy at the same
Fig. 31
time.
When the mask eyepiece is used, select one
• Using medium magnification objective
out of masks in the view field suitable to
10X, 20X, etc.:
the film size relative to CF PL Projection
After focusing the same way as above,
lens in use, in reference with Fig. 32 and
bring the specimen image to coincide with
Table 4.
the double cross line so as their relative
position is fixed and unchanged under Inner frame
observation by swinging your eye laterally.
(Focusing by parallax method.) Intermediate
frame
• Using 4X or lower objective:
Attach the focusing magnifier to the ocular Outer frame
finder. (Fig. 30)

Mask of the mask eyepiece

Fig. 32

Fig. 30
 Table 4
3%"X
----- ----
©.-
©>
©
6X9©>em
4%"
5"
f::.,>>
f::., -. 2.5X
xX©> 35
X 4 X
2.5
4"X
2.5x Film size
ns
f::.,
mm
©>
©>
44 X
Projection X
CF PL Mask frame

Note: Framing for picture composing will be

more accurate by the ocular finder than
the mask eyepiece.

7. Others
• As the intermediate tube "P" of OPTI-
PHOT-POL microscope builts in the
depolarizer, it's not necessary to give care
to the relation between the orientation of
the polarizer, analyzer and the position of
the Microflex.
• When using the 2 X objective, it is recom-
mended to remove the swing-out achromat
condenser.
• For photomicrography, when focusing
with the binocular observation tube, use
the CF eyepiece, CF Photo eyepiece and
CF Photo Mask eyepiece, with the magnifi-
cation and other indications engraved in
yellow, or in white with a white dot in
addition.
• For the use of other photomicrographic
attachments refer to the pertinent instruc-
tion manuals.
VI. ACCESSORIES
1. Senarmont Compensator
To be inserted into the compensator slot of the
intermediate tube "P" in place of the 1/4 A &
tint plate to measure the retardation with the
accuracy of the A unit. (Fig. 33)
Fig. 33
1) Detecting of extinction position
Rotate the stage with the specimen under
the crossed Nicols to find out the direction
where the specimen part for measurement
appears darkest.
2) Detecting of subtraction position
Rotate the stage 45° to bring it to the dia-
gonal position from the extinction position
and confirm that the interference color of
the specimen part for measurement changes
toward the lower order side by inserting
the 1/4 A & tint plate into the optical path.
If the color changes toward higher order
side, rotate the stage further by 90°.
3) Measurement
Inserting the filter GIF into the filter
receptacle, replace the 1/4 A & tint plate
by the compensator.
Rotate the analyzer so as the specimen part
for measurement becomes as dark as possi-
ble.
Let the angle of the above analyzer rota-
tion be eO then the retardation R (nm) will
be obtained as follows:
where A wave length of the
Iight used for the
measu rement
When the fi Iter G I F is used: A = 546nm
2. Quartz Wedge
The quartz wedge is used instead of the 1/4 A
& tint plate that is in the compensator slot of
the intermediate tube "P". (Fig. 34)
With this wedge the retardation in the range of
1 A ~ 6 A can roughly be measured.
-"~
Fig. 34
1) Detecting of extinction position
Detect the position where the specimen
part for measurement becomes darkest by
rotating the stage under the crossed Nicols.
2) Detecting of subtraction position
Rotate the stage 45° to bring it to the dia-
gonal position from the extinction position
and confirm that the interference color of
the specimen part for measu rement changes
toward the lower order side by inserting
the quartz wedge into the optical path.
If the color changes toward the higher
order side, rotate the stage further by 900
3) Measurement
By sliding the quartz wedge along the slot,
the interference color changes consequent-
ly.
The wedge sliding is to be stopped when
the specimen part for measurement comes
under the dark stripe, then compare the
interference color of the view field beyond
the specimen but under the same dark
stripe with the Interference Color Chart to
assume the amount of retardation.
If the view field is entirely filled with the
speci men arou nd the part to be measu red,
restrict the illumination of the view field
except around the part for measurement
by means of the field diaphragm, remove
the specimen away the optical path and
then compare the interference color with
the chart.
 4. Universal epi- illuminator
I 3. Monocu,l,ar Eyepiece Tube II AP"
Used for episcopic polarizing microscopy,
mou nted between the X -PO L stand and the
intermediate tube "P".

1) Nomenclature
• Referring to Fig. 36, assemble in the order
Bertrand lens I~ given.
turret CD Remove the eyepiece tube and the inter-
Bertrand lens mediate tube "P" from the X-POL stand.
focus turret ~.
(2) Mount the universal epi-illuminator on the
microscope arm, positioning the illumi-
Fig. 35 nator nearly parallel to the arm. Clamp the
screw.
1) Bertrand lens
QJ After releasing sufficiently the clamp
The Bertrand lens is brought in and out of
screw on the lamp housing, to which the
the optical path by turning the Bertrand
lamp bulb (12V -50W Halogen lamp) and
lens turret.
socket is attached, insert the lamp housing
The lens is in the optical path when the into the universal epi-illuminator and
indication on the turret is B.
clamp the screw.
The Bertrand lens can be focused by turn-
@ Connect the lamp cord to the transformer.
ing the focus turret located under the ® Remove the accessory ND32 filter slider
Bertrand lens turret.
from the illuminator. Push in the polarizer
2) Pin hole knob slider until it clicks twice.
(§) Place the filters.
The pin hold can be put in or out of the
(J) Mount the intermediate tube "P" on the
optical path by operating the pin hole
knob located right-hand side of the eye- illuminator, fitting the notch of the cir-
piece sleeve. cular dovetail on the end of the clamp
By means of the pin hole, the conoscopic screw. Fasten the clamp screw.
observation of the specimen area with in ® Referring to p.7, mount the eyepiece tube
on the intermediate tube "P".
10Mm¢ (when a 100 X objective is used) is
possib Ie.

Socket sleeve
clamp screw

Lamp lateral
centeri ng screw
Universal
epi-illuminator
--+ @
I Transformer I

Lamp vertical
Optical-path centering ring
change-over
knob Field diaphragm ring

Polarizer rotation ring

Dust-tight
slider Intermediate tube Polarizer sl ider
clamp screw

Fig. 36
2) Preparation 4) For manipulation and microscopy, refer to
(1) Centering the lamp diascopic polarizing microscopy.
CD Make certain that the optical- path change-

over knob is pushed to the limit. 5. Attachable Mechanical Stage Type

~ Turn ON the power switch on the trans-
former, set the voltage to 6V.
To attach the attachable stage on the graduated
Q) If the L900C filter is in the optical-path,
stage, fit the two positioning pins on the rear
remove this.
side of the attachable stage into the two pin
@ Fully open the aperture diaphragm.
holes on the graduated stage surface, and clamp
(5) Place the ND filter on the stage and focus
the screw using a driver or a coin.
on it using objective 10 X.
Attachable mechanical stage is equipped with
® Remove the eyepiece from the sleeve,
point counters, whose pitch is O.2mm or
looking into the exit pupil of objective,
O.3mm. The counter can be replaced by
move the lamp housing back and forth to
releasing the head of the point counter by
form a sharp image of the lamp filament
means of a coin and removing the milled part
on the diffuser of exit pupil.
of the counter.
(J) Manipulate the lamp centering screws to
To release the click-stop of the point counter,
center the filament image on the exit pupil.
release the click spring nut. (Fig. 38)
® Place the L900C filter.
If the image is found too dark with an Point-----
objective of 40 X or higher, remove the
L900C filter.
(2) Orientation
"P" )
of polarizer (intermediate tube spring
~~~:t~r
Attachable
,
I
L~L
0~ Clamp screw
CD Nearly focus on the ND filter on the stage
using objective 40X.
mechanical
stage
nut type E ~I
~o
I' '
I
Cgy
,I
I
Positioning pins

~ Set the polarizer graduation to "0 ". ~

Q) Remove one eyepiece from the observation
tubes.
Looking into the exit pupil of the objective, Fig. 38
rotate the polarizer rotation ring to form
the dark cross image on the exit pupil.
(Refer to Fig. 37) I 6. Universal Stage
Note: Take care not to touch the pola-
rizer rotation ring while observing
the specimen, or the orientation
of the polarizer will get out of
order.
If it is touched by mistake, read- Bottom
just the orientation. hemispheri-
cal lens

Dark cross image

Fig. 39
When using the universal stage, lower the sub-
stage beforehand to face the wh ite dot. with
Fig. 37
the mark ~ T on the microscope stand, refer-
3) Objectives ring to P. 15 12).
Use the objectives CF M Plan Achromat P For using the universal stage, refer to the
series (Strain-free, 210/45). separate instructions on "Universal Stage".
 VII. TROUBLE SHOOTING TABLE
Although nowhere you can find any disorder or derangement in the instrument, if you
encounter some difficulty or dissatisfaction, recheck the use, referring to the table below:

1. Optical

Revolve
Use
Flip toActions
out it(Refer
specified
Failures click-stop
thickness
to
• P.
Too
or
not13
Dirt position
(0.17mm)
&bulb
centered
Lamp
Condenser
stop
Centering
No Causes
thick
or
(Condenser,
NCG 19)
dust
inor
coverglass
fully
position
Optical on
not
not ,
thin
objective thecoverglass
optical
changed-over
nosepiece
path lens
centered
centered
path)
objective,
(Objective
attached
in used (Refer
)',))not
(Refer
noteyepiece,
to
with
trinocular ) Remove
Use
intube
slide Nikon
Centering
Correct
Swing
Changing-over
click-
coverglass
Open out
in bubbles
toitfield
Cleaning
to P.
P.use13)
immersion
setting
9)
attaching
positioning
to
8)
(Refer
by
(Refer
lens)
the
(Refer
properly using
tolimit
to
the
to oil
coverglass
(Referto
to
field
P.
P.
limit
P.
8)
19)13) P.(Refer
11) 6) to P. 13)
tion
ce,
e
osed or
slide)
ositioned
ser
ppearance
dry
"AP")
ectly
ctly
40x)
used No
Bertrand
• Top
1/4
Dirt immersion
(Refer
Improper
diaphragm
Alens
objective,
system lens
or& dust
tint
to P.
use
of onin
oil
plate,
10)the
the
the
(Refer
of usedoptical
condenser
condenser
objective
eyepiece, to on
compensator
slide
lens P. immersion----+
10)path or
(condenser,--->
incorrectly
slide) Use immersion oil
Cleaning
or dust in
 Insert
Changing-over
Failures Actions
it to the limit
to Nand
•• the
NCB
TooDlimit
Specimen
Condenser
position
Centeringclamp
filow
Iter
10Causes
not
filter ,
it used
position
power
rises not used
somce
of
from
nosepiece
aperture stage
too ),'inCorrect
condenser
notvoltage
firmly
much
(ReferPlace
Use toitthe
ND
NCB
c1ick-stop-->
Raise
surface
Cleaning
Insert stable
the
filter
10toillumination
centering
click-stop------>
Clamp
Bring
)
c1osed--- fi coincidence
involtage
itittightly
P.
up 9)correctIter over
(Refer
Open6 properly
on
towith
position
Revolve itthe
P.to8)
10) (Refer to position
click-stop P. 12)
ns
sed
ed
tered
riorated
ntered
sbeof not
image indicator
(RefertoP.lO)
(Refer
• Centering
field tonosepiece
P. 8) image
diaphragm clamped
not correctly

2. Manipulation

Use specifiedActions
Failures thickness
• Too (O.17mm)
Causes
(Especially
Eyepiece
thick
Upside diopter
downcoverglass
)
when not ) Turn
(Refer
changing-over
of slide adjusted toover
Diopter the thickness
Use specified
P. 9) slide coverglass
adjustment
) (Refer· to P. 13)
(Refer
(O.17mm)

High power ob-

 Fix it tightly Actions
Failures Incorrect
• adjusted Causes
Attachable
Eyepiece
not
Interpupi
tightly ,fixed
diopter
Ilary
mechanical
distance
not ,), Adjustment
adjustment
adjusted
stage
not Diopter
Correct adjustment
adjustment
(Refer (Refer to P. 9)
to P. 9)
ges
mination
oth ----->
by mov- Use
ing the
ND slide
filter or change power
changed-over) voltage
No
Movement
fusionof of
Fatigue of
ob-

3. Electrical

Failures
Use
Replacement
12V -50W Actions
transformer •or
•forNo
the
adjustment
specified
Fuse
No
house
Lamp
Not
House
Inputlike
Lowest lamp
blown(for
electricity
lamp bulb
specified ,blown
Causes
current
bulb
voltage
current
voltage obtained
voltage
attached
lamp
not
voltage
adjustment
adjusted ),,)'used
bulbfluctuates
the
adequateConnect
Turn
Attaching
tonot the
microscope
made
the cord
---->
voltage) to64610
change-over
bottom socket
bulb:
Make (Halogen
or PH
switch on III bulb:
adjustment PS(Refer
7027)
OSRAM
to P. 7)
en at
not
urrent
made ---->
lowest voltage,
er
using
Make
objective
low
adjustment
when
pow- (Refer to P. 7)
rong glare Lamp bulb
 Failures
Raise , the
Actions Irregular
voltage
Replacement Causes
•• Condenser
Connectorchange
Fusespecified
Lamp
Not holder
bulb not ,
not
going
.
centered
oftoused
connected
firmly
aperture
notfuse house
too ',•,•', current
fastened
be blown
much Secure
Use
Positive
stabilizer
securely
Firm
Correct
Cleaning connection
connection
fastening
Centering
Use closed
1A/250V
12V-50W (Refer
-- or O.75A/250V
toOpen
positioning P. 8)
specified 10)it properly
Halogen (Refer to P. 12)
jective,
ed bulb
• •Too
Lamp
(Referbulb
Toolowlow
to insufficiently
position
voltage inserted
P. 10) of condenser
REFERENCE

This manual instructs only how to manipulate the OPTIPHOT-

POL microSCDpe.
For the practical explanation on polarizing microscopy, refer
to the following special works:

• "AN INTRODUCTION TO THE METHODS OF OPTICAL

CRYSTALLOGRAPHY"

- F. Donald Bloss
Holt, Rinehart and Winston

• "ORE MICROSCOPY"

- Eugene N. Cameron
John Wiley & Sons. Inc.

• "THE POLARIZING MICROSCOPE"

- F.A. Hallimond -
Vickers Instruments
 ELECTRIC SPECIFICATIONS

100/120V
100/120V
1A/250V
0.75A/250V
Power source50/60Hz
220/240V
220/240V
gen lamp 12V-50W
PH III PS or
[OSRAM
7027
64610J
use

We reserve the right to make such alterations in design'

as we may consider necessary in the light of experience.
For this reason, particulars and illustrations in this
handbook may not conform in every detail to models in
current production.
 :'

(Nikon)
NIPPON KOGAKU K.K.
Fuji Bldg., 2-3, 3 chome, Marunouchi,
Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100, Japan
ft03-214-5311
Telex: J22601 (NIKON)

(86.4.e)H . E -5r
Printed in 1apan