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    Curso de Inglés BBC English 51

    Uploaded by

    Estuardo Barrios

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 21
    Phrasal verbs. Verbos compuestos. En anteriores unidades se ha hecho referencia en diversas ocasiones los verbos compuestos i denominados phrasal verbs o two-part verbs. Debido a la frecuencia con que estos verbos se utilizan, la presente unidad i dedicada por completo al estudio y a la practica de los mismos. s1 bien usted seguir’ encontrando nuevos ejemplos de ellos a lo largo del curso, En esta unidad también oira el acento de una persona nativa de Kenya. recibir informacién acerca de paises de Afriea oriental en los que se habla ing \gunas de las convenciones que rig cartas informales en esta leses. habitualmente y de otros. Ta redaccign de las vy aprender Consejos para el aprendizaje. n ruse Vladin inglés en Rusia, cuando toda unigos ingleses fueron los persona lia Frases como Who dl libro hasta el final y observ6 que en kas alt las palabras One day, Ted sa Este emotive re muy elen Nabokov. que obtuve la ciudadunia americuna en 1945 (vea las pigs, 128 y 1029), un nifto, En su autobiogratia, titulada Speak, Memory. explica ss de su libro de gr Hamados Ben. Dan. Sam y Ned. acerea in bed. Ben hay an axe. ete. También cuents que paso kis als paginas aparcefa un cuento completo en inglés. que comenzalbs cempezs a estud junas referenk a las caracteristicas del aprendizaje de un idioma que. aun siendo, no dejan de ser inter ~ La materia objeto de aprendizaje ba de simplificarse al principio. stat alean acciGn al advertir que se progress, — No es contraproducente. y de hecho a menudo resulta un estimulo, mirar hacia las partes avanzadas y mis dificiles de un curso, ya que de este modo se mantiene vivo el interés por progress sir descle unos inicios simples it comunivacién mils plea. Observacion. Alguios aspectos generales de los phrasal verbs 0 two-part verbs han sivo ya comentados en estas dos unidales ~ Unidad 19. pi ~ Unidad 22, yas 302 y 304: come in, sit down, go away. speak up i 454, Fill it up, Can I try on this jacket Si lo considera conveniente, puede leer de nuevo las paginas citadas antes de iniciar el estudio de ka presente anid I ‘Speaking and listening Introduction. In the quiz programme, That is the question, they are now talking about songs and poems, = Listen to the cassette, following the first version of the text. = Listen a following the second version = Read the second version aloud. putting in the missing words. Nigel: Iris: Nigel: Roger: Nigel: Roger: Nigel: George. Nigel: George: Nigel: George: Nigel: Irs Nigel: ‘These questions are all about songs or poems. T'll give you a line from a song or a poem. Can _you give the nex¢ line? Iris, this one is for you. “Mad dogs and Englishmen ...” ‘That's an easy one. “Mad dogs and Englishmen Go out in the midday sun.” The song is “Mad dogs and Englishmen” by Noa Coward. Right. Roger: “Men may come and men may 0...” Ah, yes. This isn’t from a song. It’s from a poem ~ by Tennyson, I think. “Men may come and men may go, But I go on for ever.” Right. It’s by Alfred, Lord Tennyson, and the poem is “The Brook”. Oh, yes. George, this one’s for you. “Oh, it’s nice to get up in the morning ...” “Oh, it’s nice to get up in the morning, But it’s nicer to lie in bed.” Its from a song — a music-hall song. I think. Yes, but who sang it? 'm not sure. Harry Lauder? Harry Lauder. Absolutely right, George. Now, this last question is for everyone. Who said this in a speech? “Wake up, America.” And who said ¢his, also in a speech? “Wake up, England.” ... George. ‘Augustus P. Gardner said: “Wake up, Amer- ica.” Correct. And King George V said: “Wake up, Eng- land,” Right. ... And, as another king said — the king in “Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland”: “Begin at the beginning, and go on till you come to the ‘end. Then stop.”* Well, we've come to the end, so we'll stop. Until next week, from all of us here, goodbye. Introduction. Nigel: Iris. Nigel: Roger: Nigel: Roger: Nigel: George: Nigel: George Nigel: George’ Nigel: Ins: Nigel: ‘These questions are all about songs or poems. T’ll give you a line from a song or a +*+=, Can ‘you give the next sos»? Iris, this one is *** you. ‘Mad dogs and Englishmen ...” That's +» easy one. “Mad dogs and + Go ++» in the midday sun.” The song + “Mad dogs and Englishmen” ++ Noi Coward. Right. Roger: “Men may come and men may a0 ‘Ah, yes. This isn't »++» a song. It’s from a ses —by Tennyson, I think. “Men may come and men may =*, But I go ** for ever.” . It’s by Alfred, Lord Tennyson, and the is “The Brook”. Oh, yes. George, this one’s for +++. “Oh, it’s nice to get up in the errr» 4.2” “Oh, it's nice to get ** in the morning, But it’s nicer to lie in ++*.” It’s from a song ~ a music-hall +++», I think. Yes, but who =*= Tm not +=++. Harry Lauder? Harry Lauder. Absolutely +++, George. Now, this last »+e*ee+» is for everyone. Who said this in a speech? “Wake up, =+=2+=2." And who said this, also in a »*=»=*? “Wake *», England.” ... George. Augustus P. Gardner seve: Seve up, Amer ica.” Correct. img George V +s: “Wake *+, Eng- And, as another +e» said - the king in “Alice’s Adventures in +=«s++s=+2": “Begin at the ++srreers, and go on till you come to the +++. Then -+"+." Well, we've come to the see, so we'll «+s, Until next week, from all of us here, ###+008, UNIT 51 R TAKE AWAY Food to eat here or to take away. poem pouim poema line fan verso brook Noruk/ arroyo music-hall—/'mju:zik ho:l/ music hall, especticulo de vaticdades beginning /br'ginin principio, comienzo (Sir) No# Coward, English dramatist, actor and com- poser (1899-1973), Alfred, Lord ‘Tennyson, (Si) Mar lish poet (1809-1892). 0), Augustus P. Gardner, American politician (1865-1918). lauder, Scottish singer (1870- George V, King of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from 1910 to 1936 (1865-1936). Practice. ‘You have already seen a lot of phrasal verbs in this course. Read these examples aloud. .- away Go away! Please make sure that your table is folded away. ‘Come back! PI call back later. Fasten your seatbelt, sit back, and relax. _. back by The years are going by very fast. down Please sit down. Slow down! You're driving too fast! Come in Please check in one hour before your flight. We met at the door of a bookshop. I was going in, and ... .. off We'll be taking off very shortly. Operator? We were cut off. ..on Extension 2421? Hold on, plea: Why does the sun go on shini Can I try on this jacket? ‘We're not going to take on any new secretaries. Look out!/Mind out!/Watch out! Are you going out this evening? ‘The rain stopped and the sun came out. I'm checking out this morning. I've worked out everybody’s sign. Out up Fill it up, please. Drink up! Stand up! T usually get up at 7.30. I can’t hear you very well. Can you speak up? ‘The moon was coming up. You dropped a book, and I picked it up. ‘The Speaking and listening section in this unit has these parts: Jeff's out and Anna’s away. Jeff ha salido y Anna esti ausente. ‘The party’s over. La fiesta ha terminado. Sit down and have some _Signtese y tome un poco tea. de té. Wake up! jLevantese Turn it offt iApaguelo! as Z] Speaking and listening Jeff’s out and Anna’s away. Empezara la prictica de los verbos compues- tos con unos ejemplos muy sencillos. Se trata de verbos compuestos en cuya formacién in- terviene el verbo “ser” 0 “estar” y cuyo signi a sette apare ios verbos compucstos relacionados con el uso del teléfono que ya ha visto en anteriores Study these examples. El esti (dentro). He's in. El esté fuera He’s out. EI ha salido. El esti fuera, He's away. /hisz o'wew! El esti ausente. Elesti de vuelta, He's back. /hi:z baek/ Ey ha regresado. 1036 Operator: Caller: Jeff's out and Anna’s away. Listen. ‘Sunshine Travel. Good afternoon. Could I speak to Anna Walker, please? Operator: Vm sorry. She's away at the moment. She’ Caller: Oh. Could I speak to Jeff Grant? Operator: Vm sorry. He's out at the moment. He'll be back later. Caller: Ah. Could I speak to Mr Jones? Operator: V'm sorry. He's out at the moment too. He’s not back from lunch. He'll be back about 3.30. Caller: Is Angela Carpenter in? Operator: Yes. Angeta’s in. Hold on. Caller: Thank you. Operator: Putting you through. Caller: Thank you. Operator: You're through. Oh, no, sorry. The line’s engaged. Caller: OK. FU call back later. Bye. Operator: Bye. ... Sunshine Travel. Good afternoon ... Listen and repeat. ‘Anna’s away. Jeff's out. Mr Jones is not back from lunch. E But Angela’s in. Practice. ~ Read the cassette dialogue aloud. ~ Put in the missing letters. She's _w_y at the m_m__t. She’s in Sw-d_n. He's o_t at the m_m__t. He'll be b__k later. He's o_t at the m_m__t. He’s not b__k fr_m I__ch. He'll be b__k ab, ~ Translate these “telephone expres- Hold on. Putting you through. You're through. Tl call back later. Answers on paige 1052 UNIT St The party’s over. Como sabe, no siempre es facil deducir et significado de tun verbo compuesto a partir del significado de los dos elementos que lo constituyen. ni siquiera cuando uno de estos elementos es el verbo “ser” o “estar”. En anteriores tunidades ha visto dos ejemplos: en la cancién de la pagina 293 escuch6 Ia frase The evening's nearly over (La tarde casi ha terminado), y en la historieta de la pagina 537 vio como Lucy le deci a Schroeder You and I are through (7 y yo hemos terminado) Ambas expresiones vuelven a aparecer aqui, junto con otras como What's up? (una alternativa a What's the mat- ter?) y The party’s over (utilizada para indicar que una agradable experiencia de cualquier tipo ha llegado a su fin), Study these examples. ‘The televis ‘The light What's up? Hemos terminado. We're through. La fiesta ha terminado, mn is off. El televisor esta upagado. The party’s over. We are through. This is the end. We have no fature. ‘The party’s over. = ‘The party’s over. Listen, Woman: Robert ... Man: Yes? Woman: Er... ‘Man: What's the matter? Woman: Robert, I've got to tell you something. Man: Vm listening. Woman: Turn off the television. ‘Man: OK. ... The television’s off. Woman: Turn on the light. Man: OK. ... The light’s on. Now, what's up? Woman: Robert, I don’t want to see you any more. ‘Man: 1 don't understand. You said: “Turn on the Tight.” Woman: Don't be stupid, Robert. I mean: I don’t want to be with you any more. ‘Man: Sorry. I still don't understand. Woman: 1 do not love you any more. We are through. This is the end. We have no future. The party's over. Now do you understand? Man: Rr... Vthink Tl make a nice enp of ten S There is a very famous song called The party's over. It was written by the Am songwriters Jule Styne. Betty Comden and Adolph Green in 1956. Practice. — Answer these questions. In your room at the moment, is the light om or off Is the radio on or off? ou have a television? Is it on o off at the moment? ~ Give the opposites. 1. The esto is on. 4 2. The television is on, 5. Angela is out. 3. The stereo is off. 6. The doctor is in, Answers on page 1082 1037 Sit down and have some tea. El didlogo iniciado en la pagina anterior por una pareja cen trance de romper sus relaciones prosigue en esta prigi- nna y en la siguiente. En la conversacién se utilizan diver- sos verbos compuestos, algunos de los cuales le resultardn conocidos, mientras que otros son nuevos para usted. Excepto go on (continuar. proseguir), todos los verbos compuestos que aparecen en Ia presente pigina pueden traducirse de manera casi literal, es decir, su significado se deduce ficilmente del de sus componentes. El signifi- cado de los verbos compuestos que verd en la pagina si- guiente no es tan evidente. Study these examples. ‘come in kam entrar come back kam bek/ volver, regresar g0 on gous on/ continuar, proseguir g0 away {you a'wei!—-marcharse. alejarse 20 out aut salir, marcharse stay out ster at quedarse fuera, no volver sit dawn sentarse sit down Work with the cassette, S Sit down and haye some tea. Listen. Man: Were’s the tea. Where are you going? Woman: Out. Man: What? Woman: I'm going out, Robert. Man: Well, don’t stay out too late. Woman: Actually, Robert, I’m not going out. I'm going away. Man: 1 don't understand. Woman: I'm going away, and 1 won't be coming back. Man: Just a minute. Let’s talk about this. Woman: Robert— Man: Sit down and have some tea. Woman: 1 don't want any tea. Man: Well, I'm going to have some tea... cer ... T want to say something. Woman: All right. I'm listening. Go on. Man: Um ... Are you sure you don't want any tea? and. S) a 1038 Actually, Robert, I’m not going out. I'm going away. Practice. Read these examples aloud Go away!/Come back! evening. ~ Don’t stay out too late, ~ Read this dialogue aloud, and translate it A> L don’t want to see you again. B: What? A: Go away and don't come back! B: But I don’t understand. A: Go away and stay away! B: OK. Goodbye. As No! Wait! didn’t mean it! Come back! Answer on page 1082, UNIT 51 Wake up! Los ejemplos que figuran en esta pagina y en las anteriores ilustran dos aspectos importantes que es necesario recordar acerca de los verbos compuestos: 1) Un mismo verbo puede formar parte de varios verbos compuestos y poser diferentes significados segin la particula que lo acompafe (check in/out, go away/on/out). puede afadir a varios verbos rentes significados (wake up, 2) Ya la inversa, una misma particula para obtener verbos compuestos con get up, speak up, drink up) Study these examples. cheek in jek wn) inseribirse check out Ifek aut! pagar la cuenta y marcharse wake up ‘werk ap despertarse get up iget ap! levantarse speak up pick ap! hablar alto drink up fdrigk sp acabar de beber I made a mistake. Now get up, and let's have hreakfast Work with the cassette. Wake up! Listen. Man: Woman: Man: Woman: Woman: Man Woman: Man: Woman: Man: Woman: Man. Man: Woman Man: Woman: Man: (The telephone rings.) Hello? Robert? It’s me. ‘Where are you? I’m at a hotel. I've just checked Can you speak up? I can’t hear you very well. T'm at a hotel. I've just checked in, Oh, I see. I’m phoning to say I'm all right. Oh ... good Robert ... Robert! Robert! Wake up! ‘What's happening? Robert! It’s me. But you're at a hotel. I was, but I checked out this morning. But vou said: “We're through. ‘This is the end. We have no fu- ture. The party’s over ...” Did 12 Well, T made a mistake. Now getup, and let’s have break- fast. OK. Well, this is very nice. Cham- pagne for breakfast! Drink up and have another glass. ‘OK. (He sings.) “The party's Oh, no, Robert. The party's starting again. Checes! Cheers! 1039 IT Speaking and listening Turn it off! Todos los verbos compuestos que ha practicado en I paginas anteriores son intransitivos, es deci complemento directo. En esta piigina encontraré algunos ejemplos de verbos compuestos que, por ser transitivos, si evan complemento directo. En la pagina 454 se indicé que. al emplear tales verbos, debe prestarse atenci6n al orden de las palabras. Entre otros, se tom6 el verbo fill up (lenar) como ejemplo. no llevan Con un sustantivo: Fi Fi the tank up. up the tank, Con un pronombre:_Fil Study these examples. turn (...) on ts: turn (...) off ts pn’ encender, conectar of pagar, desconectar give (44) away v a'wel regalar take (...) away tek a'wer/—_levarse put (...) away pot a'we guardar (in a cupboard) m9 "kabad! — (en un armario) Work with the cassette =) Turn it off! Listen. ‘Man: Lthink we wateh too much televis Woman: True. Man: W's there inthe corner of the room. Every ev ing, we come in, we sit down, and we turn it Woman: Yes. Man: We never do anything else. Woman: Wall, lets turn it off ‘Man: What? Woman: Let's turn it off right now. Man: OK. Woman: Why don’t we give it away? Man: Give it away? Woman: Yes. Or ask somebody to take it away. Man: That's not a bad idea ... but we might regret it. Woman. Yes. Well, let's pat in a cupboard. Man: OK. S 1030 Practice. ‘Translate these short dialogues. A: Shall [turn the radio off? B: No, you don't have to turn it off, but turn it down a little. A: OK. CC: Could you turn on the television? D: Sure. ‘Oh, I like this programme. Turn it up a little. Answers on page 1052, UNIT 51 Song. This song has a simple messag Song: Why do I stay out late? woke up this morning At a quarter to eight; 1 got up slowly (Only half awake My feet were on the floor, But my head was spinning roun couldn't stand up; Thad to sit down. Ooh, why do I stay out late? Ooh-ooh-ooh, why do I stay out late? I shouldn't stay out ‘Till half past four, ‘When I have to get up To go to work in the morning. Why do I stay out late? I went down to the turned on the light; Saw‘ my face in the mirror (Not a pretty sight’); | turned the radio on — It was Radio 2 — And a voice said: “Listen. ‘This song is for you.” chen; oh, why do you stay out late? Ooh-ooh-ooh, why do you stay out late? You shouldn't stay out ‘Till half past four, When you have to get up To go to work in the mor Why? Why do you stay out late? Why? Why do you stay out late? S * sas ocho menos euarto (Es posible decie@ quarter {odpast en lugar de quaeter tlpast~) silo medio despierto(ta) pero la cabeza me dab “Es decir. Isa Esta es una expresion cologuil cuyo significado es Ifyou have to get up early in the morning, you shouldn't stay out late, You may regret it Practice. Read these sentences aloud, putting in the missing words. L woke ..... this morning, Why do I stay ..... late? I got ..... slowly. went ..... to the kitchen. My head was spinning ...... Lturned ..... the light I couldn't stand ..... « I turned the radio Thad to sit Accents of English A Kenyan accent. El hombre que oird en la cassette es nativo de Kenya. Al igual que el e Londres produce a las personas que, procedentes de medios rurale: de las impresiones q escuchado en la unidad 49, habla Visitan la ciudad por eriano que h primera vez. (En las pigs. 1048 y 1049 encontraré algunos datos y cifras acerca de Kenya.) Traffic jams become very dense, especially during peak hours. S ‘This speaker is from Kenya. isten. If you're not conversant with big cities, your first arrival in London can be very stunning. Nonetheless, as time goes by, this feeling is bound to disap- pear. You begin to know your way around and about, and ‘You discover that quite a number of Londoners are willing to help you find your directions when you are lost in the streets. Sooner or later, you get to know that it is faster to travel by the Underground in London than to travel by road. 1082 Traffic jams become very dense, especially during peak hours ‘Travelling by the Underground can be very exciting, if yo keep your eyes open. The train emerges from a dark tun nel, and pulls to a stop at the platform. People get on, while others alight. ‘Your eyes are continuously being assaulted by advert ments in huge letters, telling you where to bu clothes, where to invest your money, where to eat, etc., etc. UNIT 51 Traduccién del texto de Ia cassette, Si no ests acostumbrado a las grandes ciudades, tu pri- ‘mera llegada a Londres puede ser muy turbadora. ‘Sin embargo, a medida que pasa el tiempo, esta sensacién por fuerza desaparece. Empiezas a situarte, y descubres, que bastantes londinenses estn dispuestos a ayudarte a encontrar la direccién cuando estas perdido por las calles. Mis tarde o més temprano, llegas a saber que en Londres, es mis répido viajar en metro que viajar por la superficie. Los atascos de trifico Megan a ser muy densos, especial- mente durante las horas punta, Viajar en metro puede ser muy apasionante, si mantienes los ojos abiertos. El tren emerge de un oscuro tinel y se arrastra hasta detenerse en el andén, La gente sube, mientras otros bajan. Tus ojos son asaltados continuamente por anuncios de ‘enormes letras, que te dicen dénde comprar tus ropas, donde invertir tu dinero, dénde comer, ete, etc. Notas acerca del lenguaje. Tos anglopariantes de origen africano suclen emplear, en el habla o en la escritura informal, expresiones que en inglés britinico 0 en inglés americano generalmente s6l0 se encuentran en contextos mucho mis formales, como hacen también los angloparlantes originarios de la India. Asi, por ejemplo, el hombre nativo de Kenya que ha oido en la cassette emplea los verbos emerge (emerger) y alight (bajar). En el contexto en que realiza su explicacion, que puede deducirse que no es muy formal, los briténicos 0 Jos americanos no utilizarian estos verbos, sino come out (en lugar de emerge) y get off (en lugar de alight). Ambos son verbos compuestos que, como ya ha visto en la pre- sente unidad, se emplean con mucha frecuencia en el ha- bia informal, Observe el uso de nonetheless (sin embargo, no obstante) cn lugar de however, palabra que usted ya conoce y que posee el mismo significado, Observe también que el texto grabado en la cassette in- cluye estas otras expresiones de uso muy frecuente: sooner or Inter /'su:nor 9:"‘eita‘/ mds tarde o mas temprano peak hours ‘pick ‘awat2! horas punta a ‘nt ‘set(a)r0/ (UK) | Jet ‘set(a)ra/ (US) La abreviatura ete. (que proviene de la expresisn latina et cetera) se utiliza muy a menudo en inglés. Su equivalente no latino, and so on, que usted ya ha visto anteriormente, ¢s asimismo muy usual. Notas acerca de la pronunciacién. Muchos de Tos rasgos de promunciacion que se comenta- ron en relacién con el inglés de los paises del oeste de Africa en la seccién de Accents of English de la unidad 49 (pags. 1002 y 1003) son también caracteristicos de los pat ses del este del continente. Algunas palabras no se pro- nuncian igual que en inglés briténico y americano, por ejemplo, y se emplean menos sonidos vocalicos Aqui tiene algunos rasgos de la pronunciacién del inglés en los paises citados, = /ai! a veces suena més parecido a /a:/ Mast! first fa:st A'ma:dsiz/ emerges i mazdguz fad'vartismonts/ advertisements _/ad'vactismonts/ nay parecido a /o/ (pletfo:m/ platform —_"pleetfom/ — Jau/ a veces suena mas parecido a /! Inavl know ino) rove! road (rod! 'aupani ‘open oan Melawide! clothes kin! fa) a veces suena mas parecido a /s reek? traffic ('trafiky /dgemz) jams dgamz/ — WV a veces suena mas parecido a /u/ a final de palabra. ‘o'rawl) arrival /a'raivol Peres travel Pveeevu! Heal tunnel tanu/ Todos los ejemplos anteriores estén tomados del texto grabado en la cassette Kenya ’kenja! (UK) kanjo/ (US) ros (4 Grammar Phrasal verbs (Verbos compuesto). Kio largo & los verbos compuestos que ya conocia y ha tenido ocasién de aprender varios més. Aqui encontrara un resumen de los principales aspectos de este tipo de verbos en el cual se explica especialmente qué no son, qué son y qué debe usted recordar sobre ellos. presente unidad ha rep Qué no son los phrasal verbs. Aunque asi pudiera parecerlo, el término phrasal verb no correspond a ninguna de las definiciones siguientes. (Los ejemplos estin tomados de canciones del curso.) ~ Un verbo seguido de un adjetivo. get married When they got married ... (pag. 753). setfree I'm never going to set you free (pig. 613) turn black The sky was turning black (pig. 1001) ~ Un verbo seguido de una preposicién. Jong for... Now I long for yesterday (pag. 82). look at... All the girls are looking at me (pig. 453), wait for... I'm waiting for the train (pag. 353). Un verbo “guido de una expresién de lugar. falling leaves pass by my window (pig. 161) ‘There’s a shadow hanging over me (pig. 82) I'm walking down the street (pig. 453) — Exercise 1. Qué son los phrasal verbs. EI ermino phrasal verb designa un tipo de verbos forma dios por dos elementos: un verbo y una particula, Mucl de las particulas que se emplean en los phrasal verbs, como, por ejemplo, im, om, off, up, down o through, se utilizan en otros lugares como preposiciones. in (preposicion’ There isn’t any wine in this bottle. in (particula on un phrasal verb): Please check in one hour before your flight. ‘on (preposicién): ‘There's some bread on the table. ‘on (particula en un phrasal verb) Turn on the television. Algunas de las particulas que constituyen los phrasal verbs, como, por ejemplo, away y back, no se utilizan en ninguna situacién como preposiciones, Probablemente vera que en algunos manuales de gramti- ca el verbo be seguido de una phrasal verb. En este curso, sin embargo, si se asi (Jeff's out, Anna's away, What's up?). icula no se considera un rots Qué debe recordar acerca de los phrasal verbs. Estos son ls principales puntos que debe recordar acerca de los phrasal verbs. 1) Existe una gran cantidad de estos verbos en inglés 2) Los phrasal verbs se utilizan con frecuencia en el habla informal cotidiana, Muchos phrasal verbs poscen un sindnimo que se pue de emplear cuando se habla de manera mis formal come out —+ emerge get off => alight go on continue 3) Resulta ficil deducir el significado de algunos phrasal verbs a partir del significado de sus dos components. Come in! Entre! Go away! Marc! En algunos casos. el verbo que constituye el phrasal verb conserva su significado habitual, pero la ps én especial It's time to go. Drink up! Es hora de irse. ;Acabe de beber! can’t hear you very well. Speak up. No puedo oirle muy bien. Hable (més) alto. How long will they go on dancing in the rain? El significado de algunos phrasal verbs no se deduce del significado de los dos elementos que lo componen. If at first you don’t succeed, give up. Si no lo consigue a la primera, desista T've worked out everybody's sign. He averiguado el signo de todos. Por todo lo dicho, los phrasal verbs deben aprenderse como piezas de vocabulario con significado propio. Algunos phrasal verbs poseen més de un significado. goon = continuar, proseguir go on — suceder P'm listening. Go on. What's going go out = salir (una tarde, una noche, etc.) go out = apagarse Are you going out this evening? The sun went out just like a dy turn up turn up 1 like this song. Turn the radio up. I waited for two hours, but he didn’t turn up. 1g ember. mentar (el volumen) llegar, aparecer UNIT 51 Phrasal verbs utilizados como sustantivos. En anteriores unidades del curso ya ha visto algunos phrasal verbs utilizados en funcidn de sustantivo 0 frases. non a Chinese take-away tienda de comida china para llevarse take-away food comida para levarse drive-in movie autocine carry-on baggage equipaje de mano ¥ desk mostrador de recepeién a check-in | oterk, recepcionista Aqui tiene otras palabras de este tipo empleadas con bas- tante frecuencia make-up maquillaje, composicién a take-off despegue (de un avidn) a lift-off despegue (de un cohete) a hold-up atraco a print-out impresion (de un ordenador) a go-between intermediario(ria) — Exercise 2. eT Exercise 1. Translate these film titles. ‘On the Beach. (1959) From Russia with Love. (1963) Strangers on a Train. (1951) April in Paris. (1952) ‘They Came to a City. (1944) I Believe in You. (1952) Looking for Mr Goodbar. (1977) Exercise 2. Translate the: verb. film titles. Each title includes a phrasal I Could Go On Singing. (1963) Wake Up and Live. (1937) Look Buck i Anger. (1959) 6. The Go-Between. (1970) 7. ‘The Spy Who Came In from the Cold. (1966) 1 3. Stand Up and Fight. (1939) 4 6 ge 1052. Answers on ps ross IN Written English Informal letters. Existe una manera mas o menos estandarizada de escribir cartas en inglés. Aqui aprender las convenciones a las que suclen ajustarse las cartas informales y en futuras unidades estudiar emo se escriben las cartas mais formales y las cartas Observe ol exquema y la carta que te en esta pagina y Tea detenidamente las notay aclaratorias. Las cartas informales se suelen disponer de la uiente manera eproducen 1. Direceién del remitente (pero no el nombre) Cuando se eseriben eartas a tuna com: Como ha visto ant ino, es habitual colocar il final de cada linea de la direcei6n, excepto cen la altima lin que finali ‘con un punto. ormente, cuando las direcciones se eseriben a maquina, generalmente se omite todo tipo de puntuacién, 1046 Recuerde que hay algunas diferencias entre el modo britinico y el modo ame- ricano de escribir las direcciones en las que se hace referencia a pisos 0 aparta- mentos. (Vea la Compare tos ejemplos que figuran a continuaci6n. Flat 3 178 West 43rd Street 52 Oxford Road Apt B London NW6 4ET New York NY 10017 Fecha. La fecha puede escribirse de diversas maneras, tal co- mo vio en Ia pagina 107, Recuerde que la manera de escribir la fecha con cifras no es igual en Gran Bretaia que en Estados Unidos. (UK) 20.7.69 (Us) 7.20.69 UNIT 51 3. Saludo de apertura. Este saludo consiste normalmente en la seguida del nombre del destinatario. Después del nom- bre se coloca una co 1S mas intimas pueden comenzar con e4 ies expresiones: My dear + nombre o Dearest + nombre 4. Parrafos de la carta, le cada parrafo em ‘adentro que las otras lineas del mismo parrafo. 5. Saludo de despedida. Empieza ra lin isma distancia del margen que la prime- ada parrafo y finaliza con una coma, de Girigidas @ personas con las que se man- jén no muy intima se pueden utilizar las expresiones Best wishes, Best regards 0 Yours, cartas se dirigen a personas que se conocen ‘muy bien se pueden utilizar expresiones mas informa- ‘como, por ejemplo, All the best o See you. les Los miembros de una misma familia. 0 los amigos muy intimos, suelen utilizar la expresion Love Y las cartas atin mis intimas pueden concluir con la frase AM my love. 6. Firma del remitente. ide una nota final, se coloca aqui. precedida de P.S. (abreviatura de la expresidn latina post Tenga presente que en las cartas de eardcter informal se empiean las contracciones de las formas verbales we've, isn’t, didn’t, we'll, won't, etc.), tal como se ha en el habla informal cotidi Peanuts® by Charles M. Schulz. WELL OLD FAITHFUL. T GUESS ILL PUT You BASEBALL GLOVE, OUR AWAY IN THE CLOSET UNTIL NEXT SPRING, AND GIVE YOU A GOOD REST... Soe a T KNOW WHATLL HAPPEN. LL WAKE UP IN DECEMBER, AND WON'T BE ABLE TO 60 BACK TO SLEEP! q : 4 Al finalizar la tempora despide de st proxi =e a de béisbol, Charlie Brown se inte y lo guarda en un armario hasta la a primavera. La palabra closet /‘klozit/, empleada en inglés americano con el significado de ~ hace ya casi dos siglos que no ea en inglés brita xcepto en ka ura de water closet (retrete). La nna 1040, Tent ype a en neo A En inglés americano, I guess se suele utilizar con el si cado de “supongo™. “creo”. formal a I suppose o a I think. Este uso es menos comin cn inglés britiinico, “Truduecidn del dilogo de tas viet. mporad ha terminado rosa primavera ye dare Bien, viejo y teal guante de Ber, AVES mrdare en el armati his me despertaté em diciembre. jy no poke volver 1047 A Extra reading Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Malawi: Facts and figures. In Unit 49, on ps Sierra Leone and ambia. 1008-1009, we gave you some inform: on about four countries in West Africa: Nigeria, Liberia, On these pages, we look at four countries in East Africa, including Kenya. (You heard a Kenyan speaker earlier in this unit, on pages 1047 Uganda and Tanzania, and with Chichewa in Malawi The names. Kenya takes its name from Mt Kenya. The word kenya means “mountain” in the Swahili language. Uganda: In the sixteenth century, the Ganda people es- tablished the state of Buganda (bu = state) in this region. Uganda is the Swahili form of the word Buganda. Tanzania is composed of Tanganyika and the island of Zanzibar (and the smaller istand of Pemba). When these ‘countries united in 1964, they composed the present name by using Tan- from Tanganyika and -can- from Zanzibar. Malawi was called Nyasaland until 1964. Its present name, in the Chichewa language, means “flames”. The “flames” are the reflection of the rising sun in the water of lake Malawi. Geography and climate. ‘This region of East Africa includes the three largest lakes in Africa. Lake Vietoria is the largest, Lake Tanganyika is the second largest, and Lake Malawi i the third largest. It also includes the three highest mountains in Africa: Mt Kilimanjaro (5,895 m.), in northern Tanzania, Mt Kenya 6,200 m,), in central Kenya, and Mt Stanley (5,110 m.), on the border between Uganda and Zaire. Kenya is on the Equator, and has an Indian Ocean coast. It has borders with Ethiopia, the Somali Republic, Tanza- nia, Uganda and Sudan, The north of the country is desert, and 85% of the population live in the southern half of the country. Kenya has two rainy seasons: the “long rains”, from April to June, and the “short rains”, from ‘October to December. Uganda is also on the Equator. It has borders with Sudan, Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda and Zaire. Most of the country is on a plateau, between 900 and 1,800 metres above sea- west, om the burder with Zaire, tere are the famous “Mountains of the Moon”, the Ruwenzor Mountains. The seasons in Uganda are not very definite, but there are usually two dry periods: June and July, and from December to Februs level. Lar tlre sou 1048 1043.) In these four countries, English is an offi Janguage (together with Swahili in Kenya, Nairobi, the capital of Kenya. ‘Tanzania, like Kenya, has an Indian Ocean coast. Its borders are with Kenya, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, faire, Burundi, Rwanda and Uganda. Tanzania has two ‘monsoon seasons: from December to March, and from June to September. Malawi has Mozambique to the east, the south south-west, Zambia to the west, and east. The climate is generally subtropical. Tempera- tures are highest from October to April near the lake and in the southern part of the country. Kenya. ‘anzania. Population 19 milion. Population 20 milion. Land area: (582,646 sq. kms, Land area: 945,087 sq. kms. Capital Nairobi Capital Dodoma, Other major cities: Currency: Languages: Mombasa, Nakuru, Kenyan shilling. 1 shilling = 100 cents. English, Swahili, Kikuyu Other major cities: Currency Languages: Dar es Salaam, Mwanza, Tanga. Tanzanian shilling. 1 shilling = 100 cents. English, Swahili. Nationality adjective: Kenyan: Nationality adjective: Tanzanian. Uganda. Malawi. Population Population Trsilons Land area Tele T1R-484

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