1 UNDER THE SIGN OF LYCURGUS fence Stee dou barack hecanp badly peepee the Esttine itor fo he rio spac ha wns a one ene fom he alanis abating Arai othe noe ected the Barts ray othe Spr pai. Set Bele ta ae wo pall mourn cin that of Tapper on the et ‘ching 2408 meer a the pn, snd ea of Praca oa the et (0938 meer a pat The alr pln il, and commotion sou inthe Bact vale that tino the ea inthe Lacan Gal covets one o the mot fr nd Se pe of ln in sl othe rece Soy ciate nd income eld and ater tenia: two bares of gin in + sale yee: Oles sad pape vith oe oo saps ofthe called Meiers de, floush hereto = aro core dr the fre fran, bt ya # post Casal impor rminng we hth tain and vegetation we ee today ae oot esr the enjoyed byte nha of wo an a al allen go Hardly serpin thie rpm, now in Binal times at Lcedremon, wat bleed ale to have been the seat of great sg inthe nce Grek here age what we shal mae yeostcaly cathe Myceeaesn or at Bros Age (c 100-1100 20), An atempttas been mae very ssely (te bagrapy of Hes blow) toe Tecate the plc of Homer Manele em Sars to Pliner roth in con, tha fen ee Face nr only of ancient aed tn religions worship but aloof topographical gepole,Any el Tate Bronae Age Meola mort have hd is place in o ea he tt of histor! Sparta perhaps actualy whee lrg setenent, Fnclading» bag alin «manson, har een crpalnaly ‘excavated bythe Brith Scho! a Athens. Howere,n0 conte porary polce on the scale of thor excavated wt jor (a of Himert Aguemson, brother of Merlas} and yl (ait of tperloes ld Nestor) bas yet ome oight in Laconia ~ nd perhaps ‘ever wl ee iportant noe trend Hlomer ata sai hisory textbook, however arhaclogally productive tht make ar doubly ers @ HELEN leno Toy ~ Helen of Spt? Sh ws, of cures bot. A Ic ‘i daghtr of Td, according one veri ber myth, bat according so enther reson, daughter of grt ther 2 and ote mizcaouly fom an eben er ocr Lda had be vised by Zeus inthe dnguiteof an Her anrrpatd ety made fe a nau pie forthe ambos Menlas, sn of Aes of Mycenae, whore older ton. Agamennon took Helea's ier Chyemoeses for hit bide However hat beauty aio eatated selame visor o Spas Pai pence of Tey in Ai, oeoning the sais ofthe Dardaly, ho = sed eal by be Cyprac bar love goes Aphoie=vllted the raced blaine of gn thip and cobbed Menclane of is lewlly weded wi Receny a Greckarchasulogc ond ie iby cling that Ind located Helen's (nd Menla) pals ot Spa ut ot Pallas some Seen kilometre fre noth Thetis would have stniked the ancient Spares, who bullae to fo Helen Syrta r moe precisely at Therap othe south ea ofthe ancient tos whee she ecived word along with her husband Menelays and her dine brothers the Diora, Caro and Felydece (Pll: in Lai). This was inthe Iter eighth ceatcy, a tine when the Spartans were 5010 sea, redscomting tse oot seeing o eit nize tr ecey won domain sore elopoeae by preset ing isthe letionte ccs of he Kingdom of Mensa sot ‘n Homer’ Tad natal she el of Helen at There pds ‘hiy reflects contin of wo Fen: oe a ode of vpetion tnd fry asoited with tes (abo wostioped a tach on ‘Rhodes the othe the hee Helen of Homi legend We sal ick srk the ate Mor speifcay,snce Hels end er tan icon of Spartan womanhood aud buy, we mat at, wis Helen raped asoting 0 oa sage ofthat em by Pas oi he go with im con, of her own econ? Herod, tea itary the pra of Ceo), a ie very neeing passe regedng Hale. The atc n is opeingseology of the GrancoPerian Was ofthe ely com, whe he races he hina oe mysrapy of Grok amity ack toa the miss fe ndlegen Ae of had sountesane is wily reused wih Herder parting eel fo eae the sores he hs bee told by lend Phoences and Fenian. Aron tem fates, evel the hl tha is whi as by Pts of Helen. Herodor inal adopts abut not ay al chav viw ote mates ‘ti obviou that ne you woman flow esl tobe abcd se doe ot wish be!Howey an unainbiguoe te aoe by Herons, of an ei tape of Helen, lect by Thea of thes when ws bt «gl tate han a al wit a dilerene ry. Lt both Elzabes Cook in er imaginative tng of Aci ory and John Baro a ‘ino lee powell Tata play le ave emaed ws opportaney thet darker cape nee event i "The nen etre to enn Hero ify, even mone luring om he sto point few Bor scoding tiny a fe rele in i acouae of ars Bayi in the end ook of ‘sito she never went Toy abut sa or the en yeas of the Trojan War in Eypt ‘si the account he Eeyption pits 1d me of Hele story and a cine 0 act the folling gr: bd Helen ray ben ‘Ton she sword have boo baad bac ot Grats wither Pari cometed or ot. Ths then ‘iy own erprettion® te wa ths fr Herodotus ay 9 cover a simular pasion Aout, of Hee’ face that Menus and Agamemnon snd alse ‘ter Geek ha lacked th thon his This teen versio fr abou renors ome by Hort, wt ot onl to Heron sce we that wo bing ped a are th ids ceotr by he Grek pc poet Sehr, om Fine in werten Sy. And afer Hodes it was agin four Conga by the reat Ahi dra Pies, who based is ‘ring melodearm Helen upon bt ee wos ances fr most (s Heen can sly remain Hel of Ty “Te ted meaion in Heros binge beck fro Bayt © Spat and ore presi o Hele azine t Therap, which a he Sering of « hue flit, Sestalyvtld by Heredoas fr bis Fthveryauience, Once epon a ne, somewhere i the scan | lf. | ‘unsightlness, her nurse bad the ides of carrying ee yn apt ly sa eel te thre sls ce vest epee tea stern paige oe ne tes aig pry ts Senne ead 1 ho ad we nel tal wo putea ned te ‘eh we bars om ey an re are eet fed appends Sts fo we te pdt ellen we are meson fora asia Se oe crete Rng bad sendy mid oot at ere ho rey om Soot wie lr aed wa oa a ht cain ysl The pdt of ei of info ht a ig ae hee ay ws Kg Dems on a tee opin nen ce oad gn nde enya ai el Stan roy er 1S en Chap 3) Howes ew a el ‘worth mentioning thee very different expressions and consequences of Seige Fo ssh vee cay epee eeDep the ave ofthe eat, se prope erence on teal Seheloeé and mater Apolo tat was wanda by he male ps0 ‘Bead a referee to the women of pea, baling them te mos enuf ll Gree That cam onl ave been a bow 0 Helen of Sara hone fame, thas to Home we pending trophont He ‘Spamiing Grek word, fought wil have surly ab prune es ‘Rie ase have sr, on Saran glad hi pceats to ey 0 reap fo Tide awesome rutin. at inthe sveuth centr th pet ofthe act Grek woe oct eprom te and of Lao, paged wih Hee sept Tr nnd nc: Sapa’ eee can be conven fo ‘eto smal gent adeed sore beso and deed ‘lea ilo yous wars sehenese ook 2 908 {sea ome het ot won Hone (ager of Hele your qu tno fr biter 0 ema ot to Flom ehose ber wa olden (nthe her ang Sap cond so be deal and nui’ saconvenson) ying int face of arvensis jademens, The wn ina poem tht haply uve on pyro fo cna {be ip adh of Oey in Eps ad was excated aly 8 Some ay rp of orteman, some a rn on foot tnd som flac of hip ite wos lovely siht hie dart earth by she which so desir fer the woman ho far exe alters ier any Hl ft er busbond = the be of al me — Ibid and aed for ty to Toy ee dd not spore ingle though for br child ermine] nr for ber dr parents but Apher ray! So Sapo Buk sats masaline miler vale nd tthe same vie excases Helen puso the ath of Love and Desire a being suet divine force major. That nt mesg ha the serge eek husband would hve bee delighted ea exeeion and coneqone I wat oenton her a sopther oc ier, nded Healy comin 1 Ainopanes ‘ied cee ah vo ma nal Acheson ple eal nou of Deny. One of tae was the Last, he nt ows ‘comedy to hve ber named fe Brin. sit, «rape Ihsan maried worn, ony spc Seng to pt nd othe wr been Ahsan Spread allie, wh had eon aging on and of for sme eweny years vse a long se the Tian Wie she orgies an itentnal coop of Geek wren erate wins thbig ies dati wide of ong igi, voce, wil foe thee belle bt weaved be othe ‘eosin table and compel tha fo make pace (td rb ele 0 ck love once api) st let. The Spartan cra deg t te convention is ne Lami ~ she eat a good Spartan name infact the el ame af the wie of very recent Spat ig ise i how Acieophane indices Lanpito (layed of couse bye males dap Welcome, Lamp, my ey der Spartan rend! loys Swern ihar Bay you dpi! What fine clone sin, nd what rob Fame youve got You eld rote a lt“To which Lampton road Toa puto ia os indeed, reckon I nal bythe Tio Gods [ctor and Polls any tt do gnats and ee batock urs Another Athenians o-onmiati joinsn te fn: What a pond of yon got anita ob fended by ti il vit’ esl yore elng meow ike asi The mainly Aeon eden jn berwee sgt, coud hay in te ton othe ac ths Sprtan women nie how we a theca, wee gen a formal publ ining i gc and ahi, cede compete anked ora st pial me Peshap 60 ‘rough tse cules Speran women, walke Athenian wones, ‘Tonaged to hep the rete Shape ct se ulin babies = rls of oan they splay resorted to eot wee The Epa end io an» completely Spin ote, with iss Sparen an individually od thn pata couple ois sing and ancing special pata ong and igus (he Greck woe ‘chon ‘ner only dance before cme to mean colesive signe cal aves of Helen, ‘Lede’ dah’ ‘Notice parca Leave lo Tygt opt nd ome, Laconia Mee, tigi rie te god of Amelie pelo} (ed Athans of the Bacon Howse doe mobs of Tare (Coste an Pix tho play beside the Euroa. (ol Opat Pranc light shat sexy or Spat cobich dls in god-banuring dances snd the bat off nd whey ke fli, he maidens rons be th Euroa, ing detoud with th ft Shaking the air he the of baechante wa wid he hye and dace ‘An hey ore by Leds danghe, Jn or around 1200 2, the Myentean mansion at Therapne wet brunt and descoyed, and the aamer and quality of he steer Inthe repon at 2 woe fel away decal, so ha by 1000 oslo speak of Laceni at undegng x Dack Ae. Some safe ight ae dnl vile Sparta of he eth aad lth ceca, foe example at he bine of Ota iy the Eun that ould grow 19 lay ay olin he tee Spartan Agoge or Upinging Howevee ‘itis nor ul he ate eighth centr, tchaeoogcl tthe fight Incomes Brighter and more every life, By the, there had been constted sacra 10 he cy ton goddess, on Wit ned for an aropal in Spat thi i the Attena wi late, i the sx centary, acquis theta ‘ofthe Brazen Hoe? sed by Aitophnes tthe ead of is Zyorte above) Thee wa alo a important sneaay of Apollo in Amyclae ja few Komi to te out of Spt, so tote in che Zee, a tine aber shan in Spurs proper eet myth, elgon and pales esleced to produce the fst glimecng fs poi tiny of the iis the Spartan polio awhe i save where "the Spartans? eer Gece nthe scan ght veh ad ch eaces, Mowe coospious!, they never propeny wbuninedthez lon lace a Tsien te epi of soy of Sean ot ing wl wa eS ty ‘he sch and Manna othe wot aoe he Tyg mont age (n the other hac te analpmacon never compe suber! bled he ic enti te Apes Ae token oft speci lace and nat thecal te of Apolo rains a Amyese wat adored with nepal pend al ‘manent in he sich emery, wn te Span omiined an Asin Mino Grek, Baty fm Masao te Mews to design ted ons mia zon’ of wane ad pene mse fo ‘he cag ofthe god. Thea ial was the coef en ote moe sa feral th Spar siour cle these ay Hyacn, ‘Ample les were givens pel dpa od ee ‘when sad on ane camp, Anite os flee ee th oniiaaton of Apolo werip wis tat of Hyacinth acini ware dlecet byw Apa oe eg sec but whom be unfualy kiled by an accel ca a cu. The jit a eee sed ed ees he ee Dede sao eeween young al Span wis ad the ‘oleae yout who were ndeping te suteconzalld efoetona ‘le Hower el wal inpree fr Spran wren a oon ‘ss amor be reduced apes ce Stel ming femosot fa Pechaps one mr reton for the Haiti fer ‘ton lal npertnce sue hatred ng beam son of wo ethnic peopl the nog Deine te exiting nave Aches. AT any ratte bork Soren ee Dorian she ales sense speaking « Davie der of Gree dor ingle oli nos bt on th eadtnsl he Dota ‘tte te Hye, Dymaner and Pepys) ad esting the pod sho ofall th Opin was mort clei soca with te Desi ops, namely Apa Iafac aloatall th me Spartan gins feral were in nour foe or oder Apall rate thas th acon Athens. The Cae, sacred oan Alo repented wah he sues of am, wat Specialy Dove fet, clarted in heoh Canis tat was consid sce by l! Ds (ough hat {Ea no acouly pve the Sparen ad tre Dotan enemies of ‘Age fom payin st noe ih ti nppoaly blgnoy end varying observance of xromncti, Kwara of thor ‘Wee opaoe oclbeate the Carn pony ee Spats eid ‘hate cou ot od lly 0 Therapy in $9 “The eter naj Apolefenal a Spat was the Grape, sd thereby hangs a intereinge=malapal ale, Teadional, se ‘om as ben nated athe Festival of Naked Youth, dig te {Ele rom gummos and pds, bt the cental acon ofthe fsa involved a corer beores tte ageraded hots chores ~ Old Men bon mltay ge, Ware of miliary a and eb-ritry outa not at ction bythe Yue alone. o why cal the et {alate ony one te tee risplroup ior? Amore pase ‘he ermology tie gonor to mes nt med bur warmed nd he ala bit be ried fn the Grok word oc dancing (a wed fe ‘Example inthe Lite passage on p53) Soin the Gmnopaeie we te pechatydeliag with Fesial of Unarmed Dancing, re Tear ach pethap in th ood qaner ef the seveth centr "Tat weldin ah ec exaral we ar ce mearng 8 eons este Span wee aed i angi eer ee foc ne ual lay ane, the Hye (ome in hoot of Pas, ‘eptolera son of Aci), Soc al he gds of Spr narn ti feud cos we ate a we exacted vical inti tes ‘peng ara ad temo fo oF named danagin moa of Time! Apel would ae «vey parla conotatcn, This ws perhaps the ares he pac gore coectedy and comma TB igh coure nan Aan vn watt th Gynapad pari ey dt igang Sptane ede re ie digi fein ‘ind seeing tet th pac oft Spurn backs ‘rng aly abused oe outing been ey ad pce. An a} pn Spartan ost Hoe the Speen ada baie hy wee he up fore chore (eh chor dng and choral singing T= Gymnopsdiy lated the honest ne oft yee the ote ce refer eghabove evr (about 200 ee pve a ‘arsenal Span caer ino ys Te andent Greeti and pot wee iarpatbl owes at 20 sarprietereore find tat te Ineo Sata wee sscrbedpiosly to Apolo of Deghs Xevorbon in sn say ne Speran consaion and way af Me compoed inthe en fourth century cll th Dic eal ire nol ae anton was ofcourse one way oF ying to eos burr, Ano ma 0 Fndocrinate the young though rigour edna and soca palogea regime int « condi of hain lewd ‘The supose homan Sure credited wih devising bot che law and te rten of lucatoa!ssnfocenent ws the wonivony lmniperer Lear & LYCURGUS nach aving cond i gat hori pec of wing and cnpang he rer of et Grek and Raman of heme rls at as, could bry ot wet «He of Lyi. ade, be pi ha he Sep of plo a pel wth Nang ew ee Tenge ting pany of is near a een aed of hi by ae scuce wa neared by ne Scena, he i eta rez temo feet thn ity pevos wate in ths one iogrpy, we an wel undartad ee ofr aston, A moder istran wood cue have gen up at pie. Thetefone ‘can ol be thal ta Pach es orang haa og "per and nt hon in dhe at se for Hs “apap aeur contain allo of dee abut he Spat tht Leng ws ‘pend heveselerd hat open eee her al orn threae peo dea In see, pao he ne hing he wc ‘show plore sy trpeto atch oublecatne e o t mn 1 abe ar eaby aman. hae menined ald he omibaey shut waa eid poecion of Apo, nler woe dae tae iP Jaw were laced sialon ia, korg tas at tomehing ke “Wolter, ond "Wel war oe of Ap may ‘pies The fara the Spartans thse wee nde aout his ay albgh ti wi a ey hat pent mick efi on reece Trance orl ips fuer pines os inbty 1 eat two drain ft sera. Te ie rem he at ‘Book of Hoda? Histor, a he stig the see and ios ‘Sra ad Ales at th wo pres Gro pomer who wl ays dng les in th Genco Pesan War of i eat century. He re cds ‘conan ofthe Oradea Dep hedcingibed League, "No sone ad ered te hn than wa aed fl ber 06 ih shrine you have come, Lyre, ‘Deo toZaue and al the Obpprduling gos i not wheter to declare yo baat or dine, Bat [inline baie, Lyn, hat you ae god* “Tha Heredotess ory confens ta wel-kaown folktale pater, ad ehind ewe tule are prota, aconalation bythe Sparen state at how Lyeuga bold te worthiped = ha, wheter ih Incl fine) or with vine honour The very fc hat the Spartis wed for Dp caisson and authors epardng ‘peugur re, wich the Ole wn sent to provid, nds ‘hate pe memory fhe ad alten own suspiionly dim. "The Spans, we know wee very prone to oie dead Spartans oe example a tne zie of the sth entry showing » eof ‘car «tage word insiptine "Chien That the name of sng Saran Sure. fans that he ayuda in vm vrions of the lr of Seen Seer ll Gree lsu gars al pr ‘ial poi, Chon mat eid in onesie, a eminem eon, all puta ingr were heed on ie death ad eee heroic ooo threaker oof. S0 we ca a least be confident dat Tynes had one en a king nd mie Ptr’ eb ate had ‘lend for sgh moti. Afar cl te pabuleneedes ‘hat depth sore desir make i ing oat ast mere ‘one fhe opal bounty ato desde which ono hate ‘hie uneniy owen he pape of he Aa and he Byrom neh Le consoe oer feng suppelyiopephical sng: yep spond to hve jneed to Cree ad Ala © tolls smpctie information om cnmonl nd sol fcc. “Bee caring hough sat and sr be sad have ratind thar te whl of Laconia noe ean ecto lee cae ad rex benrided pest nd ronal among ay beat He iage ove Ind one ye gouged out et el He is ‘Speed tobe ben eps aed with he gl af th Sprsn ab, avec the sare af sch nd of gp epate or eae, Siten wed enacioraly) by 4 n-Sparan democrat 1 th Sprain x democracy be spp eid you conver: your OW ould nou detotacyfit He bold er delight have ede wall ae of Leon drt symbole he ned to ‘veten te sansa a backs fe Fly coc i vs bad ‘een edd and wee oe king e bere 0 Bave t Spa forgoing « vet Dl to cana the Orc 0 thee ceo i elms ad then arin alo dead. ls, tl hw ouhig deta arabe brea, Bees for thea ‘ope Span ast aed suspend eli ndfiily. Policy spakng the nec and fou ofthe compechesive efor cage suid to Lpengu ae cncensated in wine looks verymuch ke gnuine ache dosent own a he Gest Rha to ‘sng i sm 4 numberof smal rat Heise ascried fo jp Arbre meane any Mind of saying or ponocicene ~ fom s bain or conte, th an orale to. Pte, who reserves the Geet Rhee, probably telved that was Delghic Ciecane Ut was nace, so both a ral ew The fae ha ‘twat itn oe no erate ve, dns dve hi bee Ig ji authenticity, nr shold ede oor The cece of muber fof ditinay pos runs of phrase, coavesely,soald conf hi elf tht i wo an ore Kaori, bat when wat dled 0 wom and in what decane! Hesodocn dies Lyeupar no moc eee than befor the jin egy of Lon and Agni, wich el somenber ne et bal of he sth cnr. Az, by conning hin wih te eves of he final Olap trac, put him aback nwt wel 7606. Bt he cl-evet-emiry Spartan marl ox Tytes des nee mension Tim all eying ener, seca our show eas know ledge of what Pah al he Grest Rhu Ip Tyaes too, thee sieton of cial fil coaulation af Delp hoop th onsale tev isnot yep of cours, bth wo oe Kgs Theopons bo Ted ed Spa to vistry over the Mein in aboot 710) and Palyconan nh cold have ge tpt in ou ems, dn the tec of te sven ony 0 Whither ar ot what Tae 8 eral tu that aor thei tine fo ny sch orm pcage tude Lara to have ben inode Ptah, acuty, ptr bis ngs on Lyeugur efor of the ‘Geroain eSpactan Seat a i i, mao pola moration an ‘isn connection wth hit hat be quote the Gea Rh asing eae colt of Sli Zone ed hens, basing lne the ‘bing ond obi and having sabe Grou of thirty members incuding the Kings sere called potaly ‘rhage! fonderleader, sti son oat they ar to bold Apalle etvale of Apollo] betwen Babyea and (Cnc the Gerwis s bot 0 svoduce propor and 0 Sond alo the demos i o ave power 10 ve # coe ‘ed [hs Pec’ ose on # badly gabled pare in Dose dit nthe engl, be if the damor opens (rocked, te Geri and king art be ramones? ‘What inmost nce to sa with by compaion ad cones wih “yr pom the reat as of hens yee ey cone Sit and gt the bling, which what one wou expec in ea onal nity ht ad oie retina era Kingsport ‘hersar al knghp I the Get Res, bowee de Kins, ‘coe band, dowzprade 0 bing ice members ofthe Gouna sont ter bce pep of wa and infancy ‘eluded the sate mot powering body, te mame ih is pobbly now forth sie beng pc they The ‘the trent mbox, who ato be aed a eat sin inde lage soe states ofthe fo Kingr and war eed pobely resid fo coca, who wee cote a whit Al cooieed ‘pry oa ce and alton, and eld ofc foe ‘A the Thebans poe Padar wa © atin the ey 1h seo a= patage qt by Math The co of od mo Ave prominent there ‘Whar his eam to hae mest in practic ie swoo et the Groans ad the power of probones or pein ch ‘hall manures pt for dso fre the Spartan Atel ale ‘anor oe People in the Get Rhee, woe fis debaed by the (eros Second, fasined as Spats Spreme Coa xpable of tying eve the Hugs and evga lente ati of what was ox tres ot nw So gent wat the Grows power tht, athe alREAR AEN clan of he Geet Bra emo be sing i could ven oe Aeshion of the demostAmenbly If de The the way fe WHS ‘preted othe way ies reached ‘What war hie do or Aan? I laine it conse of all dae male Spatan ware clams, thse who wee of gta Spartan bith, wio ha ben throogh the pes eae oping, tho had hen seed oj tare mo, ad who both wee cmomicaly cpable of meving thir minimum contibuionr of rodeo thier an ad ot ee pully of ame ac of owe: ‘voter Gaguliyng pubicxime of miemernour i nly ‘cee tht rch 2 waror Assembly wood cer le come into being, ben ina fouton orc eve the mid ih and pan fer acd ie ander the eof he Gres Rh, bef Sparta ad evaped scent plan of heavy aed ite, This wold bec ave hen efor about 675 athe eat ad ate tif we pt sri on the det of Spats by Argos at Hie in the Thetis ‘eden dona in 659 which wa fellowed by a mor rere ferent congared Mess A dae i be cond uate of ferent cena ee efor theo ie for ht oration, and icy be that totes peg of sgn port hed by arch nthe yeu ec pct the sel competi ofthe polis reform eaped with miliry sce the ep ies: ‘he spar point of yours men blwon thre. long wt the earring Mase (be Jute te wide tet" ‘The autor of thse ine, Tepander of Lsbos, foul at abou the sight ine and my well have wted Spats, pean cometon with the eabishmene ofa competion in post snd mix the Cara Hope fighing was «patil ferocious end demanding Kind of feetrhes, handtohand ware, tly trfping anes he oldies had ben ened plyially and mensly inthe sgsoae Span way. The plan: would orally oe wp igh ks depts wth deteioe bythe sume offi age hope ay of 500, ‘ich the Spartan ided forthe Bale of Pte in 479, would hase teen over 60 ler wide. The hole may wel have taker i ame ‘rom the cardial tem of bis eugene worbadled sie which he wore nan uoaeraly Sed postion on href, depending for omenge of hit uae side on Bs oighbone fobs ght inthe lene The Greek word bop, whch cel etaed the eld, ‘ra aed to mera nd armour clei A pape wes fll, {et of ple, which woul consi of le bronx heer aed ffom single shew of metal hat afforded goed potion for he ead rend he hpi prey deal Beane otter oie Inept pe roand basicly wooden shi, faced allover a Iwona in th Spartan cae Bona abdominal guard and reve, nd oebly alo bros ale and serguars a loog trating pest of Cornel od pped a ithe en with «head ad buesple of ons td backup son sod, usual shot, wot ke adage forte Spartans Two fre eof wife are ply Spartan: long irand righ ed oak (eo important hae aecompnieda Sparen opie inde at wel an ie lees acon depended not caly 0 sheer weigh of uke uc on ight e>-omatin ri iip Tne and high mos thee dhe Spartan eared by conan ing, hi hy were ale our a hy coal ed vo mann te {ly uly prfetinal cy ill Gree "Te quay of buaveyreqazed by boplke wart was labelled nda in Giza, ely ity ox mannes. Women, een Span ‘women, wee gen no plo lin war, re though Speman gel, ‘ale gis chew ie Gace, ce orally ected and soled, we alse fap 5) creo mak ten ft pres forte tena fe moter offre Spartan wars, The making of ral Sparen en began sil at ih, when ws ot he fate 8s clever, bat thelr fhe ae fa bl renin hoedad whiter or ot he shuld Be ezed: ex it even years a Sparta boy was ronhe sp at mk ay ther Gece by bate een hy be wi cemoved frm he hae evict, fr oem on te eompaly and eomszaal edo gem Enon a he Agog or RaingUptringing Berwee he ge of een td eigen, he oye an yous were razed in ‘pc and "hr nd plc wert apis of youn al Spaman.They were ‘osteo brah exces test hei ow atl ales and to cone all Sprtan of air’ apt be lc parents ‘One peniclly sing intoce of this dilced er snogue aeing waste ntcion of sialed pera. After the age of ‘wee rey Spstan tenapr was epee to rece & young alt ‘wie at Me over =the cal Spartan en forte cine vio: net wate whe he junior gurtaer was kown athe ‘pare. The slaty war rb way snl, tox Was by 0 ‘neu the anya even vay the mor abet. The page den ‘Soni cl ought ont in he al of 2 Spartan youth who mae the Ina of ring oot in pan ding one of replay Ps Confess tat pons proges through the Agog. Fea Dot toe ‘out inl who was pied for hi each ofthe Spartan code of {eltiipline lens ~ the punisnenr fel on the youth oles lower, Foc havingled ct is beloved pop. The Age ated wl the age of eight, when «pace of lon was opested single tu thee Spnrtane who wee Sted for the hth oso of st fchlt Satan ie ~ mee ofthe ele royal body, holing the tp tary ais evenly econ to the Gerotsia.Thse le Sura fod whats knoe athe Capi of See perio’ neue (SOE) tc ask wa to coo the Heo a wl a ore ther reader the spose of watir manhood "The aeion Ke th mankenene of he Agoe «wale, wat ream ine had of the Pridooomos, eral te Bap Herd, wi ‘we apoicted by he Ephors (Ores), Te bond of fle am {iy sted lca prone the bie use power the Sara sete hei sind nso the tw kgs The oie oe ‘i acy ores utr One tadion sna thc ceion to he ‘ste King Tremp whocongared Mesena te ate hh cosy, ben de abe fon he Got Rh ig be Bo sag Coles it as eal afl he age ofthe Gt Rha tht thy agi ‘he al pnopy of powers hy wild in Clie ie, Bye ne of Xenophon, se wa antl al exchange of eas Heer He pers ade King tater seating 9 obser and ol ea, ‘he fener reaing apo he ie but yom codon te they (inde see ad pl hs Tht ley wed oe Te ad come to peat a chr en poy exceney Gace tnd powering 50 id ec at, wane ig eco is ereiay peste of commanding «Spartan or ied ary sod be srs amp by th ine por who el epr bck ee (tig? condi nd if rece ep rose aati "Aerthe Aggs he use ial unerpinig he ty se of ewes eve bythe tes of omimon ees pbs, sit ‘ho known or omon ens (are Heo ths occa when the cna were ape weny oso, ad elation Was conpei = eno ye ws eough oa cane ised, Some emer ete ‘eoue morc and deve than tes, ove ue than he ‘oye in ich bor ings ies jay wi chosen ies when in Spal osesu ton oye a all ae ‘cian the Spertan stam ody ad, peas, slo ay "The inns mel of he ay was hl i teeing No orcSex ‘nce emit hen peng 0 frome et oneal a ‘to habit the Spans to ealby moremess by night oe ‘hing a whch Spc nema were ded wigaty probe 8 impetane wa tend the daily mena hat stn 2 ‘wo alone, tepid exces or big abet the equieent © farm ligoos aifie or abe on shining. Hg as ‘fenorious symbole signer in Sara, ab + anood al Dingman tit the feta wid bout slo of exoeaeacc ily ast ot only develope aclarymlaryskilsbat ao Filled game of ratios binds auplemen the pial gal es ‘ons Thee edans wee ate inthe Crean ten of ble ng, ‘Td oat rma cenal sb were provided iniually bythe smenberef each ness deed, amazes depended o ib iy oritain isms aber once elected, by cong fed ‘nna of aap. See Appendix pas 295-63) ‘Ths produce = ily gn, ove oll nd wine ~ was poe chit by Helos working 0 he Spars losses know Mea ‘The Fld were fact th fonda only fhe es stn ba of ‘heen Span poli ian sci and economic ec, ebay ‘good umber fem exited alan Lacon, psa inthe los ikn af eh Buoas valle bythe me ofthe eight ceniy ox 00 “her Orbe hy did pos had 0 expan why she Sears ‘posh soy sy the ange fore nd dic abr ur by hang for iso drat so the bigh Tayo oon ange te we cups ws of couse ie he cede fo the nd ‘lng fa Leona and Messen tae fled 9,000 pot ond ‘oda 3000 Spa zens in ly etc oats ewe ‘and evan lve be ocd pon the Spartan le cal by the Meesian Flor peng inh end ares fb vet cen. Teas daring hs eo Mesenian Wart Tears marta exo {oon in ese wee rode ad fond eatabi inpting By 650 0, tribe ct ein Meneninadeqantely que, paras found Uber at th ery fet of Grek xcs and pores omers ‘lth pa cyte etry inthe whale Grek word (ome 800 Gre mee) and. servis Inboar face wo wed the mos fee potions of ah arts and Piva "Teen Helo? men cpr eta arts gure ar cape tt be Helos wereld exled bythe Spartans. O8 ‘Shy ofc the ur exch ew annual board of Eps al Frotunon all Spans to shre hi mostache and cyte [ow They neat pic eaton was darn cf war one eT deiget oa etm eed9 ta Scans en ee atl oy Federer meron Cpe ly nd ot pup Hoven eS we Sie be Get wd oe gp Ef Twn Free erupt euro Gs pp aren TS pot fe ram Sa Hone iw er So Soe rs nar te ey ec Sct overly ay oot te ‘Sts ince ome aga per: hte Mae Ske pede te en acy ron Svs nt Neral ea $F sae pad we el en en er wore Spares ce 2 hd won opin nan er oe Sper a Thue noe noes dr etcesd a Src te thy oop er hd ed sual ‘Sittin ane Seen ess tim ey el he Spc shy ne Teese Te oe id be ow del Ps ti eth hon Spel ee oi erste i Gn hem nd ng ngs ess pl ron gle antsy edeetnion fe ‘Gp tay com errs deal sine Su ytd hat igh ee Td Noh slr ped a my act Sper ne a One ‘Sei pal od ence Sp rhe ren act fh ep oe pee ‘Sag treet per wia pnepe ste duran tpn ees Rhcic ke the Spartans wece called ‘Laceésemonian’ and pees iy herefce wore the lets lambda (an verted V) emblazoned 0a ‘eke sield inthe same manner as ther. ‘Shce he Spurtans at any rte in Classical nes were legally bined from engnging in any cao trade actives, in fac from all 2oaam ‘ally preducive actives of ny kid par rom that of waking, the Terie filed the gap a traders and craftsmen, belped parcels by thee stain along the cout of Laconia and Mesa (ce cy of ‘Gytbeum in Laconia was Sper ain por and naval dckyaed) and thei sets t some of sinland Gee cbse depos fron ote Bows in he Males penis, I war sey, or thei aves resumably tno goad dhe adegoate Blois Limestone that wat wed fo bl Ing and fo tara in Spats ache envio. They iwi eodaced the pat’ ay that was tuned note ce pained porery ths in he ‘eh entry, cbained » eupingy wide dstibution hrowghou he ‘Meditarenon and up into the Back Ss, Andi was they too who both fashioned and exported the seis of remskablybiguality brome fgurnes hat began with ores inthe ler eighth century and ene ‘ined with igaines of boplies and ables in the sith OF our, it sve hy to, finally who served as aourers and weapons-nakers, the ‘Sent infestuenice ofthe Spartan military machine, Teiseay oforgt the Pesce when wring istry of the para special they coud sometimes be called by the same ete poitiel me, ue thi sory ofthe Spat wil endeavour co avoid making that sexoue mistake, athe pe which vil wale Tie wi century Ach preserving & lo, 20d Hee we thal the wider Gn the two woe bout 500, £ Paloponaeria sos ih A pec syste of been formed thestenety