Exercise 18 Focus: Answering structure problems involving incomplete adjective clauses. (Note: One or two items in this exercise do not focus on adjective clauses; these items are marked in the answer key with asterisks.) Directions: Choose the one option—CA), (B), (©), oF (D)—that correctly completes the sentence, ‘and then mark the appropriate blank. The first one is done as an example. 1. Most folk songs are ballads have simple words and tell simple stories, —— & what —_— @) although —— © when 4 ®) that 2. After its introduction in 1969, the float process the world’s principal method of ‘manufacturing flat sheets of glass. ____.@) by which it became it became (D) which became 3. In 1850, Yale University established Shetfield Scientific School A) engineers were educated there (B) where engineers were educated © in which were engineers educated (D) where were engineers educated 4, Many of Louise Nevelson's sculptures consisted of a number of large wooden structures in complex patterns. A) which she arranged she arranged them —— © which arranged —— arranged themStructure and Written Expression 124 Section? + Guide 5. Inaddition to being a naturalist, Stewart E, White was a writer the struggle for survival on the American frontier, whose novels describe —— G8) he describes in his novels (© his novels describe ——— ©) who, describing in his novels 6. Diamonds are often found in rock formations called pipes, the throats of extinct, volcanoes. (A) in which they resemble @) which resemble —— © there is a resemblance to —— (D) they resemble 7. William Samuel Johnson, helped write the Constitution, became the first president of Columbia College in 1787. (A) whom he had @) and he had —— © who had —— ©y had & Seals appear clumsy on the land, are able to move short distances faster than ‘most people can run, (A) but they ——— ® which they —— © they () which, 9. The instrument panel of a light airplane has at least a dozen instruments (A) the pilot must watch = @®) what the pilot must watch ——— © which the pilot must watch them (D) such that the pilot must watch them 10. A keystone species is a species of plants or animals an ecological system, (A) that its @) its — © whose Dy with its 11. The size and shape of a nail depend primarily on the function intended. (A) which itis = @) for whi © which itis for —_— () for which is 12. In geometry, a tangent is a straight line __ a curve at only one point. (A) it touches (B) whose touching, —— © its touching —— @) that touches ____ absence has a major effect onSection 2 * Guide to Structure and Written Expression 125 13, Ie was the ragtime pianist Scott Joplin the*Maple known ofall ragtime tunes, @) wrote (B) the writer of © who wrote (D) writing naf Rag, “perhaps the best 14, There are over 2,000 varie _—__ ®) mostly they —— By most of them of snake _. are harmless to humans. — © most of which —_ ) which most 15, Smokejumperyare__ descend into remote areas by parachute (o fight forest fires. (A) firefighters —_ @) when firefighters ©) who, as firefighters (D) Brefighters who 16 Charlotte Gilman’s best known book —___she urges women to become financially independent. — (A) Is Women ana Economies, in which. <8) Women and Economics, in which —— iis Women and Economies, which (D) Women and Economies, which Exercise 19 Focus: Completing structure problems involving incomplete or missing participial phrases. (Note: ‘One oF two items in this exercises do 110f focus on participial phrases; these items are marked on the answer key with asterisks.) Directions: Choose the one option—(A), (B), (C), or (D)—that correctly completes the sentence, and then mark the appropriate blank. The first one is done as an exampleSection 2 * Guide to Structure and Written Expression 127 Aerodynamics is the study of the forces ‘onan object as it moves through the atmosphere (A) acting B) act — (©) are acting —_(D) acted for their strong fiber include flax and hemp. —— A) Plants are grown, (B) Plants grown —— ©) Plants that grow —— (D) To grow plants ‘José Limon’s dance troupe often toured abroad. () The US. State Department sponsored it | ® Sponsored by the U.S. State Department (© The US. State Department, which sponsored it (D) The sponsorship of the US. State Department Elfreth’s Alley in Philadelphia is the oldest residential street inthe L from 1728, A) houses are dated _— (B) the dates of the houses 0 the dating of houses —— O) houses dating In 1821 the city of Indianapolis, Indiana, was laid out in a design __ after that of, Washington, D.C — A patierned (B) was patterned © a pattern —(D) that patterned. in front of a camera lens changes the color of the light that reaches the film. A) Placed a filter (B) A filter is placed — © A fier placed ——_ ) When a filter placed ‘The Massachusetts State House, —___ in 1798, was the most distinguished building in the United States at that time, ——_— (A) completing —_— B) which was completed © was completed (D) 10 be completed8. Barbara McClintock for her discovery of the mobility of genetic elements —_®) known ~—— @) whe knows —— © knowing —— ) is known 9. The solitary scientist by himself has in many instances been replaced by a cooperative sciemtific team (4) to make important discoveries —~ ®) important discoveries were male (has made important discoveries (D) making important discoveries 128 Section 2 * Guide to Structure and Written Expression 10. Geometry is the branch of mathematies and surfaces, (A) that concerned with = ®) itis concerned with = © concerned with Dy its concerns are _____ the properties of lines, curves, shapes, M an average of 471 inches of rain a year, Mount Waialeale in Haw Spotin the worl. —__ ) Tereceives —— @) Receiving ©) To receive —_— @) Received 12. Amber is hard, yellowish-brown from the resin of pine trees that lived millions of years ago. (A) substance formed, (B) to forma substance — (C) substance has formed ——_ (D) forming a substance