SALAPA, IVIM D.

BS BIOLOGY
BITUTORIAL FINAL EXAM
1. A
2. D
3. C
4. A
5. Define the following terms:
a) Spherical symmetry – is a body parts radiate out from a central point; an infinite number of
planes passing through the central point can divide a spherically symmetrical organism into
similar halves. 
b) Radical symmetry – is a body parts are arranged around one main axis at the body's centre
c) Biradial symmetry - is when the organism can be divided up into equal parts, but only with
two planes. It is different than radial symmetry, because two planes divide the organism, but not
more than two.
d) Bilateral symmetry – It generates only two sides as left and right.
6. Differentiate light-dependent and light-independent reaction by filling in the table below.
Choose your answers from the box provided.
Light dependent reaction Light independent reaction
Location 6.Thylakoids 10. Stroma
Reactants 7. a. H2O 11. a. ADP
b. NADP b. NADP
c. NADPH c. Rubisco
d. ATP d. NAD
e. Water

products 8.a. NADPH 12. a. G3P or PGAL

b. ATP b. ADP
c. RuBP c. NADP
d. ATP
e. NADPH
Source of energy 9. Light 13. ATP and NADPH

14. Differentiate the three types of mycelia:

a. Primary: Primary mycelium is the haploid or monokaryotic hyphae generated from the
germination of basidiospores. 
b. Secondary: Secondary mycelium is the dikaryotic hyphae formed from the conjugation of two
mating types of fungi during the sexual reproduction.

c. Tertiary: Tertiary mycelium is highly coiled secondary mycelium, a dikaryon. The presence of

basidia is one of the main characteristic features of the Basidiomycota. A basidium usually bears
four sexual spores called basidiospores; occasionally the number may be two or even eight
15. B
16. Living systems may appear to violate the second law of thermodynamics because living
things maintain a high degree of organization despite a universal trend toward increasing
disorganization. What is the explanation for this apparent paradox?
Answer: Living system are not closed but open system which utilize the energy in the
environment to make themselves more organized. However after death of living system, the
second law of thermodynamics is followed and entropy occurs.
17. Describe the hierarchical organization of life. How does this organization lead to the
emergence of new properties at different levels of biological complexity?
Answer: Hierarchical is levels of organization are structures in nature, usually defined by part-
whole relationships, with things at higher levels being composed of things at the next lower
level. Typical levels of organization that one finds in the literature include the atomic, molecular,
cellular, tissue, organ, organismal, group, population, community, ecosystem, landscape, and
biosphere levels. This idea that levels of organization of organization form “nested”
compositional hierarchies where there are wholes at higher levels and their components at lower
levels, and the components themselves can be further decomposed into parts, remains one of the
core features of the notion of levels of organization up to this day.
18. Many fungi produce antibiotics. What do you think the function of the antibiotics might be
for the fungi that produce them?
Answer: They are produced in nature by soil bacteria and fungi. This gives the microbe an
advantage when competing for food and water and other limited resources in a particular habitat,
as the antibiotic kills off their competition.
19. Sunlight provides energy and food for growth and development to all living organisms.
Illustrate the complete biological process of light energy conversion to food to biological energy
and the utilization of the energy product in a specific cellular process of any living organism
(include all outputs, process steps, complexes, reactants, & by-products; 10 points)