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Chaitanya Mahaprabhu and the Muslim Chand Kazi
Lord Chaitanya Mahaprabhu and the Muslim Chand Kazi
Lord Chaitanya Mahaprabhu appeared in the late fifteenth century, 1486. He took birth in Bengal,
India, which at the time was being governed by the Pathana Muslims. At the age of seventeen
Chaitanya Mahaprabhu started his sankirtana movement (the congregational chanting of God's
names). He preached to all the citizens of Navadvipa to chant the Hare Krishna mantra (hymn),
and in each and every home they began performing sankirtana regularly. When the sankirtana
movement thus started, no one in Navadvipa could hear any other sound except the words
"Hari! Hari!" and the beating of the mridangas (drums) and clashing of hand cymbals. Hearing
the continuous chanting of the Hare Krishna mantra, the local Muslims became very disturbed
and submitted a formal complaint to the Chand Kazi.
The Navadvipa city magistrate holds the title of Kazi. The city magistrate at that time was
known as Chand Kazi. The landholders levied taxes on the land, but keeping law and order and
punishing criminals was the duty entrusted to the Kazi. Both the Kazi and the landholders were
under the control of the governor of Bengal, who at that time was known as Subabangala. The
districts of Madia, Islampura and Bagoyana were all under the landholder named Hari Hoda or his
descendant known as Krishnadas Hoda. It is said that Chand Kazi was the spiritual master
of Nawab Hussein Shah.
According to one opinion Chand Kazi's name was Maulana Sirajuddin, and according to
another, his name was Habibar Rahman. Descendants of Chand Kazi are still living in the
vicinity of Mayapur. People still go to see the tomb of Chand Kazi, which is underneath a
champaka and neem tree and is known as Chand Kazi's Samadhi. Chand Kazi angrily came to
Shrivas Pandit's house one evening, and witnessed a joyful kirtana (singing) going on, he broke
the mridanga (drum) and spoke as follows: "For so long you all did not follow the regulative
principles of the Hindu religion, but now you are following them with great enthusiasm. May I
know by whose strength you are doing so?"
It appears that from the time of Baktiyar Khiliji in Bengal until the time of Chand Kazi, Hindus, or
the followers of the Vedic principles, were greatly suppressed. Practically no one could execute
their Hindu religious principles freely. Chand Kazi was referring to this state of Hindu society.
Formerly the Hindus were not publicly executing their Hindu principles, but now they were freely
chanting the Hare Krishna mahamantra. Therefore it must have been by the strength of
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someone else that they were so daring. Actually, that was the fact. Although the members of the
socalled Hindu society had followed the social customs and rituals, they had practically
forgotten to execute their religious principles strictly. But with the presence of Chaitanya
Mahaprabhu they actually began following the regulative principles according to his order. Chand
Kazi continued: "No one should perform sankirtana on the streets of the city. Today I am
excusing the offense and returning home. The next time I see someone performing such
sankirtana, certainly I shall chastise him by not only confiscating all his property but also
converting him into a Muslim."
After saying this, the Kazi returned home.
To convert a Hindu into a Muslim was an easy affair in those days. If a Muslim simply sprinkled
water on the body of a Hindu, it was supposed that the Hindu had become a Muslim. Hindu
society was so strict at the time of Chaitanya that if a Hindu was converted into a Muslim, there
was no chance of him being readmitted into the Hindu religion. In this way the Muslim population
in India increased. None of the Muslims came from outside; social customs somehow or other
forced Hindus to become Muslims, with no chance of returning to Hindu society. Emperor
Auranzeb also inaugurated a tax, which only Hindus had to pay. Thus all the poor Hindus of the
lower class voluntarily became Muslims to avoid the fax. In this way the Muslim population in
India increased. Chand Kazi threatened to convert the people into Muslims by the simple process
of sprinkling water on their bodies.
Chand Kazi was a high ranking officer in the kingdom of Emperor Hussein Shah in Bengal. During
the time of Mahaprabhu, he was the ruler of Navadwip and the chief magistrate. It has been
reported that he used to interpret the Muslim's holy book called the Koran and would direct the
emperor in his devotion to the Muslim god Allah. He was a staunch and obstinate oppressor of
the Hindu religion in every way, and he was especially opposed to Hari Nama Sankirtan. In
Krishna Lila he was Kamsa, and Hussein Shah was Jarasandha. One day Chand Kazi was passing
by Shrivas Angan when he heard the melodious ringing of karatals and the rhythmic beating of
mridangas. The blare of conch shells and the ecstatic singing of Hari Nama Sankirtan filled the
atmosphere with joy. The Kazi, hearing the jubilation of the devotees, immediately became
envious and tried to call to his mind the Koran's instructions regarding the religious practices of
others. But, he was unable to do so. Enraged all the more, he entered Shrivas Angan house and
grabbed a mridanga from one devotee and smashed it to the ground. He then ordered his men to
beat whomever they caught. Finally, he issued the ultimatum that anyone caught singing the
names of Krishna would have his property confiscated and would be forced to convert to Islam.
The Kazi was planning to convert Hindus to Islam by sprinkling water on them.
The next day the devotees went to the house of Lord Chaitanya and reported all that had
occurred. When the Lord heard that Chand Kazi was attempting to stop the sankirtan movement,
He became furious. However angry Shiva looks at the end of the cosmic annihilation was mild
compared to how angry Lord Chaitanya looked. With a glance that could humble lightning and a
voice like thunder, He ordered Nityananda Prabhu to immediately assemble all the Vaishnavas.
He ordered each to bring a flaming torch and announced that they would together perform a
gigantic nagar sankirtan throughout the city of old Navadwip.
Lord Shri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu then sang the Holy Names of Lord Krishna and danced in
ecstasy. He thus began preparing for the first public performance of sankirtan.
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When all the Vaishnavas had asssembled, Lord Chaitanya organized them into groups. Advaita
Acarya led one group. Haridas Thakur led another group, and Shrivas Pandit led still another
group. Each group was fortified by four mridanga players, sixteen karatala players, one expert
leader of kirtana and one ecstatic dancer. Each group was followed by thousands of devotees, all
decorated nicely with tilak and each glorified by Tulasi neckbeads. The triumphant blare of conch
shells, some deep and some high, filled the air.
Lord Shri Krishna Chaitanya Mahaprabhu's sankirtanlila was never revealed in any previous
incarnation. Lord Chaitanya looked as effulgent as a million suns. Fragrant malati flowers
decorate His hair, and a beautiful floral garland of five varieties of flowers hung down to His
knees. His body shone like molten gold and was smeared with sandal wood paste. A sweet smile
adorned His face. Lord Chaitanya, with Prabhu Nityananda close by His side, began leading
hundreds of thousands of people north along the bank of the Ganges river. First He went to His
own bathing place called Mahaprabhu Ghat and danced ecstatically. After that, He danced to
Madhai Ghat, Barakona Ghat, and Nagariya Ghat and then left the bank of the Ganges. Lord
Chaitanya then danced through the village of Ganganagar and then on to Simulia where the
Chand Kazi resided. This can be read verbatim in the Shri Chaitanya Bhagavata, Madhya Khanda,
Chapter 23 (beginning with verse 298) by Shrila Vrindavana das Thakur.
When the Kazi heard the tumultuous uproar, he sent his spies to discover the cause of the
commotion. When the spies saw the huge nagar sankirtan party which stretched for miles, and
when they heard the roaring Hare Krishna kirtan, they immediately fled in terror. They reached
the Kazi and advised him to flee. They then reported what they had seen.
The Kazi began to shake in fear as the sankirtan party got close. The kirtan became louder and
louder. Suddenly, it was outside his door, and above the powerful resounding of Hari Nama, a
voice like thunder said, "Where is that mischief monger Chand Kazi who tried to stop My
sankirtan movement? I have incarnated to propagate the congregational chanting of the Holy
Names of Lord Krishna. I am always present wherever My devotes ecstatically chant My Holy
Names! How dare he break the mridanga that accompanies My sankirtan? How dare he obstruct
what I have inaugurated to redeem this world? Now break down the doors and bring that rascal
to Me without delay. Destroy anyone that stands in your way!" The Lord's words sounded like
the roaring of a lion. At that time, some venerable and saintly souls fell at Mahaprabhu's feet and
requested that He become merciful. They said that the Vedas describe the Supreme Lord as
always poised, blissful and free from anger. Even when Brahma stole all His cowherd friends and
calves, and even when Indra attacked Vraja with excessive rains, still the Lord remained
equipoised. They requested the Lord to not in this way abandon His neutrality and minimize the
Vedic injunctions. Lord Chaitanya became pleased, and He sent several respectable members of
the brahminical community within the house of Chand Kazi. They found him in a corner, petrified,
and shaking in fear. After becoming calm, the Kazi came out before the Lord with his head
bowed. As the Chand Kazi was His maternal uncle, Kamsa, in Krishna lila, Lord Chaitanya
addressed him as uncle.
After exchanging some polite formalities, Lord Chaitanya said to him: go dugdha khao, gabi
tomara mata. "You drink cow's milk, therefore the cow is your mother." (Shri Chaitanya
Charitamrita, Adilila, Chapter 17, Verse 153)
Lord Chaitanya then asked the Kazi why he killed and ate cows. The cow is the mother of
everybody because the cow unselfishly and indiscriminately gives everyone her own milk. How
can one justify killing and eating such a mother?
Although the words of Lord Chaitanya are simple, they are deep. Not even an animal who
receives milk from his mother, or the offspring of any mammal, will kill and eat his own mother.
Only the human animal will do this! Even in the human species, when a mother's breast milk has
dried up, a mother will immediately accept a cow as surrogate mother and lovingly feed her
infant milk from that cow. Then Lord Chaitanya Mahaprabhu said to him:
goangayata loma, lata sahasra vatsara
govadhi rauravamadhye pace nirantara
"Cow killers and cow eaters are condemned to rot in a hellish condition of life for as many
thousands of years as there are hairs on the body of each cow they eat." (Shri Chaitanya
Charitamrita, Adilila, Chapter 17, Verse 166)
There are many mistakes and illusions in nonVedic scriptures. The compilers of these scriptures,
not being exposed to the Absolute Truth, could not realize the essence of spiritual knowledge.
They thus wrote things directly against logic and reason. Even the most basic of religious
concepts, like the nature of the soul, the transmigration of the soul from body to body, and the
eternality of the soul, cannot even be directly understood from these scriptures. In addition, the
answers in these scriptures to many questions have changed over the centuries and are
contradictory to the conclusions of the past. As the philosophy of these religions changes from
time to time, this indicates that the original compilations were not of an eternal nature.
Even though Chand Kazi was the spiritual guide of the Emperor Hussein Shah, still his spiritual
understanding and philosophy stem ming from the Koran was inadequate and deficient. The
Muslim Kazi himself concluded: sahaja yavanasastre adrdha vicara. 'The reasonings and
arguments in the scriptures of meateaters is not based on very sound judgement." (Shri
Chaitanya Charitamrita, Adilila, Chapter 17, Verse 171)
Chand Kazi stated that according to the Muslim book, the Koran, there is no mention or any
authorization for killing the cow. He concluded that those who say these conclusions are
authorized are speaking against the Holy Koran. From that time onwards, Chand Kazi
became a devotee and he refrained from meateating and the killing of any creature.
Even during the chaotic HinduMuslim riots, the descendants of Chand Kazi kept intact the
promise given by their ancestor and never had any conflict with the Hindus.
Lord Chaitanya, changing the subject, asked the Kazi why that night before he had stopped the
sankirtan at Shrivas Angan but that today he did not try to stop it. The Kazi, looking grave, told
the Lord that after breaking the mridanga he came home and went to bed. That night he
dreamed that a ferocious and fearful being with the body of a man and the head of a
lion and who possessed frightful teeth and elongated nails threatened him with death if
he ever again impeded the sankirtan movement. Sitting on his chest and roaring fearfully,
He scratched him. The Kazi then bared his chest, and the devotees saw the unmistakable nail
marks of a lion. They immediately remembered Nrsimhadeva and accepted the Kazi's story in
great wonderment.
The Chand Kazi, with tears in his eyes, then fell at the lotus feet of the Lord and vowed that from
that day onwards neither he nor anyone from his dynasty would ever, now or in the future, put
any obstruction whatsoever to the sankirtan movement. If, said the Kazi, any descendant of his
ever did so, then that descendant would be rejected from the family and disinherited. Hearing
this, Lord Chaitanya chanted "Hari! Hari!" Rising, He led the jubilant and victorious sankirtan
party back to Shridham Mayapur. As He was returning, He stopped at the house of His dear
devotee Shridhara.
After Chand Kazi left his body, his samadhi was placed in Navadvipa. This tree towering above
his Samadhi is more than 500 years old. This tree actually witnessed all these past events.
Devotees of Lord Chaitanya, feeling humility, circumambulate the Chand Kazi's samadhi for he
received the Lord's mercy. If you look up at the tree you will see that although it is hollow inside,
it still always offers nice flowers.
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Chand Kazi's Samdhi in Simanta. This stone samadhi with a huge champaka tree entwined
around and towering about it is the samadhi of the Muslim ruler Chand Kazi, who was the
magistrate of Navadvipa. This place is located just outside the boundary of Shri Antardwip.
Nearby was his palace, and in the same general locale the father of Sacimata, Nilambara
Cakravarti, resided.
Chand Kazi sees Lord Nrisimhadeva in his dream
By Chandan Bhatia
When Lord Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu was in Mayapur, Chand Kazi was the Chief Magistrate of
Navadvipa. He was a devout and strict Muslim who was well versed in the Koran. As the Chief
Magistrate of NavadwipaMayapur, he kept law and order for the Hussein Shah and was also the
spiritual advisor of the Shah. He was a tyrannical ruler and the Hindus were oppressed in their
religious practices. Angry that devotees were not obeying his order forbidding chanting of the
Holy Names: “Hare Krishna Hare Krishna Krishna Krishna Hare Hare / Hare Rama Hare Rama
Rama Rama Hare Hare” during the Kirtana, Chand Kazi went with two boats of soldiers to
Srivasa Pandita's house to personally enforce his ordinance. He confiscated their instruments
and broke mrdanga drum. He then threatened imprisonment and conversion into a Muslim for
anyone who disobeyed his order again.
The envious atheists were siding with the Kazi. They commented, “God's name should be
chanted in the mind. Which scripture enjoins one to make a hue and cry in chanting God's name.
This is a correct punishment they have received for transgressing the Vedic injunctions. They
have no fear of flouting the social norms. That Nimai Pandita who acts so proud will now be
cowered by the Kazi. And that Nityananda who roams about everywhere will soon see the end of
all the fun. They call us atheists for speaking out the truth, at long last Nadia will be rid of these
charlatans.”
The devotees did not protest against the Kazi ban out of fear. They went to the Lord Sri Caitanya
Mahaprabhu and reported to Him, “We have stopped our kirtana out of fear for the Kazi, whose
men in hundreds search the streets and houses. We will have to leave Navadvipa and settle
elsewhere, we have come to tell You this.” When Lord Caitanya heard that someone was trying
to stop the Sankirtana movement He became infuriated, He looked awesome, almost like Lord
Siva at the time of the cosmic annihilation. He roared loudly like the rumbling of thunder and the
devotees afraid of this sudden change in the Lord held their ears as if begging forgiveness from
the Lord for a mistake they had not committed.
The Lord said, “Nityananda! Be prepared, go immediately to all the Vaishnavas, and assemble
them on the streets. I shall bring out a kirtana party and take it all over Navadvipa. I will see
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what anyone can do to Me. You will see how I burn the Kazi's house down. Today I shall shower
incessant rains of love of Godhead on everyone. Today the atheist's will face the final hour. So
do not waste a moment My brothers go and deliver this message to everyone. Tell them that if
they are desirous of seeing Krishna's mystic potency in action then let them bring a flaming
torch with them. I will smash the Kazi's palace and I will do kirtana all along. The entire creation
is full of My devotees and when I am present here then what is there to fear! Go and put a stop
to your anguish! Come and assemble in the afternoon after lunch.”
The devotees dispersed right away, each going his way in great anticipation not caring about
eating or anything. Excited talks filled every home that, “Nimai Pandita will take out a Sankirtana
and dance in the streets of Navadvipa.” For the many thousands who were lamenting for so long
that they could not see Nimai Pandita 's dancing this news was cause of great rejoicing. So
everyone prepared their own torch. Huge barrels of oil were kept in readiness. Navadvipa in
those days was very thickly populated. The constant flow of people with torches poured out of
the houses onto the streets. The women, children, and old men were excited with great
anticipation. Slowly the clusters of devotees moved towards Nimai Pandita 's house.
When Lord Caitanya heard that all the Vaishnavas had assembled at His behest and were at His
door steps. He went to meet them and began to organize them in groups. Advaita Acarya was to
head up a group and was the chief dancer and he would be supported by a kirtana group. In
another group Haridasa was the leader and he also was backed by a kirtanagroup. Yet another
group was to be led by Srivasa Pandita. The Lord's eyes fell on Nityananda and immediately He
said, “I will not leave Your side My Lord. My only duty is to always be near You. I can never
leave Your lotus feet imbedded in My heart. What power do I possess to dance independently
away from You. My devotional service to You is I am always with You.” When Lord Caitanya saw
the streams of ecstasy flowing from Nityananda's eyes He embraced Him and kept Him near
Him. Gadadhara Pandita also stayed along with the Lord.
Led by the Supreme Lord Himself, a tumultuous uproar of the holy names: Hare Krishna Hare
Krishna Krishna Krishna Hare Hare/Hare Rama Hare Rama Rama Rama Hare Hare burst forth as
the massive ocean of people rhythmically surged towards Chand Kazi’s palace in the first ever
public kirtana. For the citizens of Navadvipa it was a momentous occasion as it was the first time
they were able to see Gauranga’s exquisite dancing and His ecstatic chanting of His own holy
names. Overwhelmed with spiritual emotions from seeing Caitanya Mahaprabhu’s supreme bliss,
they became captivated by the intoxicating sweetness of the congregational chanting of the holy
names. They left their homes and families unattended and spontaneously joined the devotees in
the unbounded ecstasy of chanting and dancing in kirtana.
The dust from rolling on the ground made Gauranataraja’s body glisten in the rays of light from
the unlimited number of torchlights that lit up the sky. At times He became stunned and stood
in the threefold bending form of Krishna playing His flute, revealing Himself as the Supreme
Personality of Godhead. Then, in the mood of a humble devotee, He cried aloud, begging the
Lord for devotion to His lotus feet. Lord's charming looks overshadowed the attractiveness of
millions of Cupids put together. He glowed like a mountain of gold, His body being smeared with
sandal paste sometimes looked like the rising full moon. His curly dark tresses were decorated
with the fragrant malati garlands; a sweet smile clung intimately to His lips that can win the
hearts of all the muses. The clear markings of sandalwood tilaka with a red dot of vermillion
adorned His beautiful broad forehead. He raised His arms up in the sky chanting the name of
Hari and danced; the knee long flower garland around His neck swayed with each movement. His
upraised arms glistened like fine tapering pillars of gold, His body became drenched with the
incessant flow of ecstatic tears from His lotus petal eyes. As His ecstatic feelings increased the
hairs of His body stood on end like the ever fresh kadamba flower. The moist reddish lips so
exquisite and when parted revealed a symmetrical set of pearl like white teeth; the long arched
eyebrows languished almost all the way up to the beginning of His ears. His strong shoulders
shamed the king of elephants and His chest was broad and full.
Everyone looking at Him commented on His divine and beautiful presence. The millions who
milled around for this momentous occasion were very fortunate in spite of their large number
they all received the Lord's benedictions by being able to see the Lord's exquisite transcendental
face. The devotees became inebriated and danced liked madmen. Their first experience of public
congregational chanting transported them to unknown heights of spiritual intoxication. Thus Lord
Caitanya, opening the floodgates of His own Krishnaprema, drowned everyone in that ocean
and, in doing so, personally inaugurated His HarinamaSankirtana movement – the only means
of deliverance in the age of Kali.
The Harinama procession went along the bank of Ganga to Madhai Ghata, Barakrona Ghata and
then to Nagariya Ghata. The chanting of this kirtana was so loud, the Kazi could hear it from his
house, over one kilometre away. Proceeding through the villages of Ganganagara and Simuliya,
the crowd expanded to millions and extended for miles. While the devotees chanted and danced
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in everincreasing heights of bliss, Kazi’s men ran away in fear of their lives. Chand Kazi also
became overwhelmed seeing the massive procession heading his way. Lord Caitanya’s voice
boomed in anger above the thunderous roar of the kirtana, “Where is that rascal Kazi? I have
advented to propagate the congregational chanting of the holy names. If anyone so much as
tries to cause obstruction, I will annihilate him. Yet even if the most lowly sinner takes part in
this chanting, I shall remember him and save him.” Kazi, shaking in fear, quickly ran and hid
himself inside his palace.
Arriving both intoxicated with the nectar of the Holy Name and enraged at Kazi’s ban on kirtana,
everyone began ransacking Kazi’s gardens and palace. When Gauranga Mahaprabhu arrived, He
called for Kazi to present before himself. Kazi finally appeared before Lord Caitanya and pacified
Him by reminding Him of their village relationship. Chand Kazi used to be a neighbour and friend
of Sacimata’s father so he addressed Lord Caitanya saying, “Nilambara Cakravarti Thakura was
my uncle and he is Your maternal grandfather, so You are my nephew. When a nephew is very
angry, his maternal uncle is very tolerant and also when the uncle makes an offense, the
nephew does not take it very seriously.”
Lord Caitanya engaged Kazi in a philosophical debate and then defeated him with a warning that
meateaters face many thousands of years in hell for their sin of eating cow flesh. “My dear
Nimai Pandita, all that You have said is true,” conceded Kazi. “Our scriptures were developed
only recently and contain many mistaken ideas, but I must follow them for the sake of my
community.” Pleased with the words of Kazi, Lord Caitanya asked him, “My dear maternal uncle,
in your city there is always the tumultuous uproar of the congregational chanting of the Holy
Names. As a Mohammedan magistrate you can oppose Hindu ceremonies, but now you do not
forbid them. What is the reason?”
Chand Kazi then revealed his heart to Gauracandra saying, "I know that Narayana is the
Supreme God of Hindus, and within my mind I feel that You are that same Narayana.” Lord
Caitanya smiled at the Kazi and said, “The chanting of the Holy Name from your mouth has
performed a wonder – it has nullified the reactions of all your sinful activities. Because you have
chanted three names of the Lord, Hari, Krishna and Narayana, you are undoubtedly the most
fortunate and pious.” Tears welled up in Kazi’s eyes. Crying, he touched Caitanya Mahaprabhu’s
lotus feet and prayed, “Only by Your mercy have my bad intentions vanished. May my devotion
always be fixed on You.”
Gauranga Mahaprabhu then asked Chand Kazi:
"I wish to beg one favour in charity. You must pledge that the Sankirtana movement will not be
checked, at least within the district of Nadia.” Chand Kazi replied, “To as many descendants that
take birth in my dynasty in future, I give this grave admonition: no one should check the
Harinam Sankirtana movement.” Hearing this, Gaurasundara and the devotees jumped up in joy
chanting “Hari! Hari!” and, with Kazi joining them, Caitanya Mahaprabhu led the Vaishnavas
home in a victorious kirtana.
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The Chand Kazi, with tears in his eyes, then
fell at the lotus feet of the Lord and vowed that
from that day onwards neither he nor anyone
from his dynasty would ever, now or in the
future, put any obstruction whatsoever to the
sankirtan movement. If, said the Kazi, any
descendant of his ever did so, then that
descendant would be rejected from the family
and disinherited. Hearing this, Lord Chaitanya
chanted "Hari! Hari!" Rising, He led the jubilant
and victorious sankirtan party back to Shridham
Mayapur. As He was returning, He stopped at
the house of His dear devotee Shridhara.
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