www.ncertpdf.

in

* 'kCnkFkZ

varxZr µ Hkhrj lek;k gv

q k] 'kkfey vkichrh µ vius lkFk gqbZ dksbZ ?kVuk
v¡xj[kk µ ,d yack cannkj igukok vkyk µ nhoky esa phT+kas j[kus osQ fy, cuk;k
vfrfjDr µ vykok tkus okyk xîôkuqek LFkku] cf<+;k
v/hj µ mrkoyk bdjkj µ LohÑfr] gk¡ djuk
vèksyk µ iSls dk vk/k bt+gkj µ t+kfgj djuk] crkuk] fn[kkuk
vè;{k µ eq[; vf/dkjh] iz/ku bZnxkg µ og txg tgk¡ bd_k gksdj yksx
vucw> µ ukle> ;k uknku uek”k i<+rs gSa
vueuk µ mnkl] f[kUu mosQjuk µ iRFkj] ydM+h vkfn ij oqQN
vejkbZ µ vke dk ckx cukuk
vleatl µ le> esa u vkuk fd D;k djsa mRlqdrk µ v/hjrk] cspSuh] izcy bPNk
vfLFk µ gah muhank µ uhan ls Hkjk gqvk] m¡Q?krk gqvk
mi{ks=k µ NksVk bykdk] fdlh cM+s {ks=k
vkd"kZ.k µ vPNh yxus okyh pht+
dk fgLlk
vkdkj µ 'kDy
,su µ mnwZ vkSj vjch o.kZekyk dk ,d v{kj
vkxkg µ psrkouh nsuk
dNkj µ unh osQ fdukjs dh T+kehu] ?kkVh
vkifÙk µ ,rjkT+k

vkdkj

vejkbZ
vkyk
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d”kk µ e`R;q xa rO; µ tgk¡ fdlh pht+ ;k O;fDr dks

dok;n µ vH;kl osQ fy, flikfg;ksa }kjk igq¡pkuk gks
dh tkus okyh ijsM xI+kQyr µ Hkwy
dlhnkdkjh µ dlhns dh d<+kbZ (csy cwVsnkj) xeNk µ cnu iksaNus dk diM+k
dlwrh µ dukZVd dh ,d rjg dh d<+kbZ xkjr µ [+kjkc] cckZn
dgj µ vki+Qr xkjk µ feêðh ;k pwus vkfn dk ysi ftlls
dkaFkk µ caxky dh ,d rjg dh d<+kbZ b±Vas tksMh+ tkrh gS]a iyLrj djus
osQ fy, cuk;k x;k ysi
dkrj µ lgek gqvk] csclh dk Hkko
fxyV µ pk¡nh osQ jax dh ,d /krq
fdjp µ iRFkj osQ ckjhd VqdM+s
Xysf'k;j µ ci+ZQ dk cM+k fo'kky teko
dhVuk'kd µ ikS/ksa] [ksrksa esa yxus okys dhM+ksa
dks u"V djus okyh nok f?kjuh µ pj[kh] xjkjh
ow¡QM+h µ iRFkj dh dVksjh ?kqM+dh µ Mk¡V] f>M+dh
ÑrKrk µ ÑrK gksus dk Hkko] vglku ?kwjk µ owQM+k isaQdus dh txg
osQjk µ osQyk pØorhZ µ lezkV
dks"k µ [kt+kuk pk¡ikdy µ gSaMiai] cjek] cack
[kijSy µ feêðh ls cuh Nr pq¡f/;kuk µ T+;knk jks'kuh ls vk¡[ksa ped
tkuk vkSj oqQN fn[kkbZ u nsuk
[kkdlkj µ rqPN] ukpht+
NIij µ iwQl vkfn dh Nr
[kkulkek µ [kkuk idkus okyk] jlksb;k
fNrjkuk µ fc[kjkuk] iSQykuk
[ksn µ nq[k
tkf”ke µ njh osQ Åij fcNkus dh pknj

owQ¡ M+h

[kkulkek
NIij

d'khnkdkjh pk¡ikdy
149

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Vdk µ nks iSlksa osQ cjkcj rk¡cs dk flDdk nwHkj µ dfBu] eqf'dy
Bhdjs µ feêðh osQ cjru dk VqdM+k ubZ[ks µ ugha gS
BkSj µ txg] mi;qDr LFkku uDdk tksM+h µ ,d rjg dk [ksy
<ksjMa xj µ eos'kh uI+kQhl µ mEnk] cf<+;k] lqanj
rilh µ riLoh] riL;k djus okyk] d"V fu;fer µ c¡/k gqvk] fuf'pr] fu;e osQ
lgu djusokyk vuqlkj] dk;ns ls
rY[kh µ dM+okgV fuxZe µ ftl jkLrs ij dksbZ tkrk u gks
rkd µ vkyk] nhoky esa cuh NksVh&lh iêòk µ oqQ'rhck”k igyoku
txg ijkLr µ gjkuk
rkxk µ /kxk ifj/ku µ iguus dk diM+k
rkirs µ lsadrs] xeZ djrs ifjogu µ lkbfdy] cl] jsyxkM+h
nM+ck µ fpfM+;k ;k NksVs tkuoj dks j[kus ikjaifjd µ ftldk fjokT+k dki+Qh le; ls
dh NksVh txg pyk vk jgk gks
iqyfdr µ izlÂ] [kq'k
nUukrh µ ^nUu* dh vkokT+k djrh gqbZ]
i`"BHkwfe µ ihNs dk fgLlk (tSl&s edku dh
'kksj djrh gqbZ
i`"BHkwfe)
nLrd µ [kV[kVkgV
izFkk µ fjokT+k
nkeu µ vk¡py
izc/a d µ izca/ ;k bar”kke djus okyk]
nq#Lr µ tks vPNh fLFkfr esa gks] Bhd ns[kHkky djus okyk
nqxeZ & tgk¡ ig¡qpuk ;k lI+kQj djuk iz'kfLr i=k µ iz'kalk] rkjhI+kQ] cM+kbZ dk i=k
eqf'dy gks

rkxk Bhdjk

nM+ck

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izLrko µ lq>ko ek'kk vYykg µ tks vYykg pkgs] D;k dguk

cxjh µ edku] eos'kh ck¡/us dk ckM+k] gS! (fdlh dh lqna jrk dh rkjhi+Q
/ku dh fdLe djrs gq , dgh tkus okyh ckr)
cngoklh µ ?kcjkgV eqvk;uk µ vPNh rjg ns[kuk] tk¡p&iM+rky
eq[;ky; µ iz/ku dk;kZy;
ckophZ[kkuk µ jlksbZ
jet+ku µ fgtjh eqlyekuksa osQ oSQysMa j dk
csTk+ kj µ ijs'kku] nq[kh
ukSok¡ eghuk
cksjlh µ v¡xhBh #Lres&fgan µ fganLq rku dk lcls cM+k igyoku
Hk¡ojh µ rsTk+ ygjksa ls ikuh esa cuus okyk jsy&isy µ HkhM+&HkkM+] /Dde&/Ddk
xgjk xksyk
jks”ksnkj µ tks jkst+k (ozr) j[krs gSaA
HkkSp
a d µ gSjku yktokc µ ftldk dksbZ tokc ugha
e¡>ksyk µ chp dk ykfyek µ ykyh] lq[khZ
efp;k µ NksVh pkSdksj pkSdh tks [kkV o;Ld µ l;kuk] ckfyx
dh rjg lqryh vkfn ls cquh oxkZdkj µ pkSdksj
xbZ gksA fodkj µ xM+cM+h] [+kjkch
euksje µ lqna j] eu d1ks vPNk yxus okyk fopkj/kjk µ fopkj i¼fr] fl¼kar
e'kd µ HksM+ ;k cdjh dh [kky dks forj.k µ ck¡Vuk] nsuk
lhdj cuk;k x;k FkSyk fo}Ùkk µ cqf¼ekuh
ekre µ nq[k fojkts µ txg yh] cSBs

efp;k
e'kd
cksjlh

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foo'k µ ykpkj] etcwj lhfer µ de] FkksM+k

'kY;&fØ;k µ phj&iQkM+] vkWijs'ku lqowQu µ 'kkafr vkSj bfReuku

'kwjek µ cgknqj yM+kdk lq?kM+ µ ftldh cukoV lqna j gks] lqMkSy]

fdlh dk;Z esa oqQ'ky] gqujean
laxrjk'k µ iRFkj dks rjk'kdj oqQN cukus
okyk fLFkj µ ,d txg #dk gv
q k

lans'k okgd& lans'k ykus ys tkus okyk Loxr µ vius vki ls

laf/ µ esy&tksy gjhjk µ mcys gq, nw/ esa esok vkfn

feykdj cuk;k x;k Lokfn"V
ln~Hkko µ vPNk] Hkyk Hkko is;A
leFkZu µ lkFk nsuk
gkft+jtokchµ fdlh ckr dk tokc gksf'k;kjh
lk¡>&ldkjs µ 'kke&lqcg osQ lkFk rqjar nsukA

lkyu µ 'kksjck] lC”kh ;k xks'r dk jl fgder µ cqf¼ekuh] prqjkbZ

fltnk µ [kqnk osQ lkeus flj >qdkuk gkSnk µ gkFkh ij cSBus osQ fy, cuk;k
x;k ydM+h dk [kk¡pk

lkyu
gjdkjk gkSnk
152

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