Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Lighting
ELEC6090‐ MSc 2013‐14
Dr Anthony H.W. Choi
Office: CYC716 Tel: 2859 2693
Depletion of energy resource
• Oil is a valuable resource without which modern life, as we
know it, would not be possible
• What is oil mostly used for? Energy!
• Oil is one of the major global energy sources, and is used both
as a fuel and to generate electricity
• However the strain on our supplies of oil is increasing all the
time. Demand for oil will continue to grow over the next 20
years. The European Commission estimates that by 2030 the
27 countries in the European Union will have to import 93% of
the oil that they need
• What’s more, it seems likely that existing sources of oil will be
unable to meet this growing demand. Oil will continue to be a
hugely important energy source in the years to come, but it is
clear that we need to develop technologies and energy
sources that allow us to make the most efficient use of oil
possible.
Oil Prices
Renewable Energy
• Solar‐ photovoltaic, solar heating
• Water‐ tidal, hydro power
• Wind‐ wind power
• Earth‐ geothermal, biomass, biofuel
• Others‐ fuel cells
• Although renewable energy (excluding hydropower) is a
relatively small portion of total energy supply both globally
and in the United States, the installed renewable energy
capacity in the world has more than tripled between 2000
and 2009
• Including hydropower, renewable energy accounts for 21% of
all global electricity generation; without hydropower,
renewable energy accounts for 3.8% of global generation
Renewable Electricity Capacity Worldwide
Renewable Electricity Generating Capacity
Worldwide (excluding hydropower)
Renewable Share of Total
Electricity Capacity
Is this enough?
• World energy consumption is expected to increase 40% to
50% by the year 2010, and the global mix of fuels‐‐renewables
(18%), nuclear (4%), and fossil (78%)‐‐is projected to remain
substantially the same as today; thus global carbon dioxide
emissions would also increase 50% to 60%.
Why save energy?
• When you use less energy, you save money and help protect our
environment from the impacts of climate change.
• Our energy use affects climate change
• The warming is caused by greenhouse gas emissions, such as carbon
dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. These emissions are heating the
planet by acting as a blanket that traps the sun's heat inside our
atmosphere. By far the biggest source of greenhouse gas emissions
is from energy generation and use
• If we make changes, there will be savings
• Making changes at home can help change our future. Energy
efficiency is the easiest way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions at
home.
• Using energy wisely makes good sense. It will help your bank
balance and our environment. Benefits include:
• cheaper energy bills
• less greenhouse gas emissions
• better use of our natural resources.
Why lighting?
• To get things done.
• To create a mood or impression
• To make products look nice
• To provide safety
How much light do we need?
Why energy‐saving “green” lighting?
• Lighting accounts for 20% of total electricity use throughout
the world today (15% in Hong Kong)
• If light sources are not energy efficient, lots of heat will be
generated (energy conservation)
• Additional energy (air‐conditioning) will be needed to remove
the excess heat
• Many light sources also contain hazardous materials which
eventually become electronic waste (mercury, capacitors)
• The use of LEDs could reduce this figure to 4% or less
Beyond efficiency
• Productivity.
• There is evidence that better quality lighting with reduced
glare, better color rendering, no flicker and quieter operation
is likely to have a positive effect on worker performance, job
satisfaction and morale
• Health.
• The relation between light levels and depression (mood).
Light therapy?
• Maintenance.
• If a lamp last longer, there’s reduced cost of relamping labour
and less electronic waste
A brief history of lighting
• The candle
• “a source which, though a great advancement over the open
fire, consumed about 80 watts of chemical energy to emit only
12 lumens of light”
• Last hours.
• Carbon filament incandescent
• Uses ¼ less energy, emits 15 times more light, so 20 times
more efficient
• Last 50 to 100 hours
• Tungsten‐filament incandescent
• Edison’s light bulb
• 4 times more efficient than carbon
filament
• Last 1000 hours
• Reduced the cost of lighting services by
600 times relative to the candle
• Improved reliability, convenience and
lighting quality
• Fluorescent light
• Compact fluorescent light
• 4 times the efficacy of tungsten filament incandescent
• Last 12000 hours
• Solid‐state lighting‐ light‐emitting diodes
• Based on semiconductor device and quantum physics
• Potentially 4 times more efficient than fluorescent
• Last 5 times longer
• Organic light‐emitting diodes‐ OLED
• Based on organic materials forming a p‐n junction
• Low‐cost, flexible but limited lifetime
Comparison of light sources