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L Complete each sentence with the nouns from the box in the correct form and write C
(countable) or U (uncountable) in the gap at the end of the sentence. Add a, an or the if
necessary. One of the nouns is not used. In one al1swer, both forms are possible.

art business coffee culture disease disorder

exercise memory sight society speech sport

0 Paris's Eiffel Tower is ......4..çjÉhJ..... familiar to people all over the world.
1 The papers on his desl< were in complete I couldn't find anything
2 I first read this when I was ab'out ten. I have is of staying up all night to {inish it.
......................
3 ...................... lil<e smallpox have been almost completely wiped out now.
4 My partner and I have been in together for over a
decade now.
5 There's to great cooking, no different to painting or sculpture.
6 Early civilisations like the Egyptians had.,......,..........,., at least as sophisticated as ours.
7 People with severe back pain need to tal<e ....................,. if they want to improve,
8 To save his political career, he had to mal<e of a lifetime.
9 When the waiter arrived, I ordered all round. Nobody wanted any food.
10 When I was in the US, lfound American football was.............,........ ljust couldn't understand.

2 Correct any rnistakes in the sentences. One sentence is correct.

0 lt was impossible to get into work this morning as there weie nst buses running at all no

1 l've got hardly no money left atthe end of the weel<these days.
2 You know your problem? You don't understand nothing about the way people think
3 This is not exactly the way I imagined my câreer would turn out,
4 There's no a great difference bretween the two candidates for the job.
5 Everybody did not come to the party- I forgotto send any invitations out.
6 I usually have not problems with my computei but this is not one o{those days
7 lt's no that I dislike my sister, it's just that we aren't especially close.
B They waited for hours, but none taxis arrived. ln the end, they had to walk.

3 Rewlite this text using passive verbs to replace the underlined aciive verbs. Only include an
agent if you think it is important. Use one verb with l/.
Prior to the development of industrial baking, people 0 had traditionally made bread by hand. ln
industrial bread production, 1a mechanical mixer mixes tlre ingredients, flour, yeast and water (which
someone 2may have added vitamins, emulsifiers and enzymes to), at high speeds. This generates
high temperatures, which the operator3keeps under control using specially cooled mixing bowls
(people awould have used chilled water or ice in the past). Operators scan adjust the air pressure to
keep the gas bubbles in the dough atthe desired size. Orrce mixing is cornplete, a machine 6cutsthe
dough into individual pieces. Afterthe operatorThas allowed the dough to'rest'for 5-B minutes, a
machine
B
places it in baking tins which another machine ewill move to a temperature-controlled store, where
the operator 10 leaves it to rise for 45-50 minutes before baking..Finally, someone 11 removes the
loaves from their tin. Once cool, another machine 12will slice and package them.

Prior to the development of industrial bakin$, bread makinl Ohad lraditionally been carrieà out by hand,

Complete Advanced Second Edition by Guy Brook-llart and Simon Haines @ Cambridge University Press 2014
 :liluÊÈi}rrt:ri.!!i. -,-. i

4 For questions 1-8 read the text and thinl< of the word 3 According to the third paragraph, having high levels of
which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each personal happiness
gap. There is an exampie at the beginning (0). A is a proven factor in better overall wellbeing.
B is the main factor in wornen achieving a longer life.
International advertisin g
C is something that must be taught in the same way.as
ln the view of advertisers the main objective other subjects.
(0) ....,.......,9.f............ advertising is to sell products or services. ln D is something that educationally successful children
achieving ihis key aim, (l) .............,............... are ofren importanr secondary have in common.
consequences. Advertising is a powerful and inescapable medium,'
exerting (2) .,........,.,............,.,. influence.on beliefs and amitudes, affecring
4 Why are neuroscientists now interested in the slrape of
behaviour most obviously in commercial activity, but (3) ..,.,........................ tlre hunran brain?
in every facet of life. lnternationally, advertising has been ploVed A lt allows them to predict certain behavioural
to influence societies worldwide. A great (4) .,..........,.,.............. of characteristics in people.
international advertising is intended to Introduce and then promote B lt can help them to find effective cures for common
.new goods and services from one cukure into (5) ...........................,, , health problems.
This frequently leads to radical akerations in the way of life and social C lt provides a starting point for research by other
norms of the rargei marl<et. ln the past this has (6) ..,..........,..........,.,.. ro branches of science.
the growth of fast food (7) ............................. none previously existed, D lt has improved their underslanding of the linl<
changes in fashion, and the increased use of health and beauty products. . between the brain and the body.
Such advertising further stimulates che demand for imported proilucts,
to rhe domestic
(B) ...........................,. are seen as somehow superior
5 According to the fifth par:agraph, how do some
scientists feel about the results of their research?
equivalent. lts constant promotion of some myrhical 'good life' is
therefore a key driver of change globally. A sceptical
B unsurprised
C encouraged
5 You are going to read a newspaper articie about D uncertain
happiness. For questions 1-6, choose the answer (4,
B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the 6 According to sorne psychologists, feeling continuor-rsly
text. happy
A is not as unusual as we might think.
1 According to the first paragraph, people's characters B is not a healthy balance of emotions.
A may be deliberately altered. C is not a condition that can be taught.
'B
are inherited from our parents. D is not a reflection of real life.
C tend naturally towards being positive.
D usually form through external influences.
2 Why does the writer compare research into happiness
with dieting?
A To make the point that it is fashionable at the
moment.
B To show how people could easily incorporate it into
their everyday lives.
C To highlight the difficulties in malcing long-term
changes to our habits
D To illustrate the idea that mental health is as
important as physical health.

Complete Advancecl Second Edition by Guy Brook-I{art and Simon Haines O Cambridge University Press 2014 t::
 lii 1qûf ir.-iiir'\rl1;L-' fi' i

Lool< on the bright side, banish the blues and think yourself happy

How you can adjust your brain and teach yourself to bc happier.
How did you feel when you wol<e up this morning? Did you leap out of bed, eager to start the day? Or were you
just full of worries about all those jobs you had to do that rnorning? Until very recently, the opinion of scientists
was that personal qualities like happiness were in your genes; you were born an optimist, or, of course, a pessimist.
New research now indicates that genetic influences on personality,are actually far less important than mental
attitude and that it is perfectly possible to develop a happier, more optimistic personality simply by performing
some basic mind training exercises. ln short, a person can switch personalities at will.

lf the ideas behind this research take a hold of the popular imagination in the same way that fashionable diets
sometimes do, people could find themselves doing a nrental,workout alongside their morning trip to the gym.
Politically, this research has come along at just the right moment. The happiness of individuals has never been a
higher pr:iority for govei nnrent than it is now. Politicians take this lcind of thing as seriously as more familiar policy
initiatives such as promoting healthy eating and getting people to take more exercise,

lncreasingly, academic research is showing that a positive mental outlook, i.e. happiness, has a dernonstrable effect
on human health. One particularly well-known piece of long-term research on a group,of women in Milwaukee,
in the United States, in which they were required to keep a regular journal'of their thoughts, especially on how
happy they were feeling, produced sonre astonishing results. The most consistently positive lived, on average, 9
years longer than those with the most negative outlook. Basically, this means that happiness apparently helps you
to stay healthier and, ultimately live longer. And it doesn't stop there: performance at school and university seems
to be affected too. A number of Ul( schools took part in research involving offering so-called 'happiness lessons',
where they learned about mental well-being and positive thinking. These schools all showed a marked increase in
academic performance and this programme is now being rolled out nationwide.

Part of the research involved volunteers having a series of brain scans by neuroscientists at Cambridge University.
It is now known that brain asymmetry - where the brain is uneven in shape when viewed from the front - is
strongly connected to our personalities. Happy individuals show much more activity in the front left-hand side
of their brains than unhappy peoplq do. Having a pessirnistic outlook doesn't just mean seeing only doom and
gloonr ahead of them in life, it also meansfacing more everyday concerns like insomnia. An increasing number
of psychologists now believe that you can alter this asymmetry through a series of exercises and so alter your
character for the better.

In the simplest exercise, participants sit in front of a TV screen. For 10 minutes a day over two or three weeks they
are shown, in quick succession, people's faces. With one exception in each 15, they all show people displaying
negative ernotions such as anger or crying, to various degrees, The task is to identify, when it appears, the single
happy face. lt seems hard to.believe that just identifying one happy face from a set of unhappy ones can make one
happier, but this is what scientists are claiming. Many of the academics involved admitted to doubts at the start of
the research; 'l was extrernely unconvinced at first, but having seen the results - and this has worked on people
with real emotional problems, I can tell you - it does appear make a genuine difference. Admittedly, more work is
needed, but the signs are all very positive,' said one.

Many psychologists make the point that continuous feelings of happiness are not the norm and can actually be
negative. When things go wrong in life, we can, in fact benefit from a good dose of misery, li is what helps us
cope with the inevitable let downs and disasters we'll all encounter. But, overall, being gener,ally happy with life is
highly desirable, as the ladies of Milwaukee have proved and surely merits further study.

: i.::i.: l
Corrrplete Âdvanced Second Edition by Guy Brook-I-Iart and Simon l-Iaines @ Cambridge University Press 2014 t':t ." .. l: l
 It4*dule 5
Controversy

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1 ,t:- :.t i-_; I r 1 Discuss these questions.

1 Criminals get hold of our personal details through computer
hacking. What other methods do they use? Has it happened to you?
,2 What suggestions can you make for how to deal with the problem?

i.i i:.,,i*, r,;i t*;Ir1 aliii: [;.iiii: 2 Read the task and answer these questions.
1 What type of essay is it? (e.g advantages/disadvantages,
problem/solution, persuasive)
2 What must you include? What will you have to invent?
3 What will make the tutor think it is a well-written essay?

You have'attended a talk on ways in which people should be

encouraged to protect themselves against identity theft. You have
made the notes below:

Methods of protecting agrinst identitytheft:

. protecting credit and debit cards
' deleting suspicious emails
Some quotes from the speaker:
. destroying documcnts i

'Frauclsters rely on young people irr i

particular being too trusting.'

'Never give personal data or send ,

money on request.'
'Everyone should use a shredder.'

Write an essay for your tutor discussing two of the methods in your
notes. You should explain which is more important, giving reasons in
support of your answer.
You may, if you wish, make use of the opinions expressed in the talk,
but you should use your own words as far as possible.

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 Module 5
l'i
Controversy

Pi21y.1 ygrrr essa.:r 3a Work together. Brainstorm some notes which answer the
question. Make sure you think of reasons for any opinions and
examples where appropriate.
b Organise your notes to show how your essay will be structured.
For example, you could make a spidergram (see page 80 for an
example).
c Check that the points you have chosen are all relevant to the
answer and you have included everything necessary.
d Make a paragraph plan of between four and flve paragraphs to
include an introduction and conclusion, meth.od i and
method 2. Which of the ideas in the box will you include? If so,
where? Where will you include a reason and/or an example?
the most rmportant method of protecting yourself
the threat + what could be done about it
explaining identity theft
one way of protecting yourself
another way of protecting yourself

e Make notes of what you will include in each paragraph.

i-,anguage and coni-€t1l:
4a Read this introduction andmatch the sentences 1-4 with a-d below
(1) A growing phenomenon over recent years has been the way in which
our personal identity has been threatened by criminals. (2) lt can be done
through the internet, by stealing our credit card, or by gefi.ing information
from documents we.throw away or leave lying around. (3) /l is clear that
to defeat this crime we must remain vigilant and be extra cautious about
what we do with personal information. (4) This essay will focus on two
ways in which we may help keep our identity safe.
a telling the reader the arm of the essay
b adding a sentence to support the first
c focusing on the question in your own words
d writing a general sentence about'the topic
b Rewrite the introduction in your own words and/or use some of
the phrases in the box.
canied out by for many of us it is hard has become big business
increasing at an alarming ræe many people believe that
more than ever before ahead the aim of this essay
stay one step is to

c Reread your introduction. What is the function of each sentencei

d How could you complete these sentences for the middle section
ofthe essay?
1 Young people/Some people are particularly
2 (ln such cases) they should be told/made aware
3 One area in which (we) need to be _.
-
4 Another way in which (we) make life easy _ .

e What will be the aim of the conclusion? Look again at the question
How could you complete these sentences for your conclusion?
You may want to use phrases from Exercise 4b.
'l Overall, in my view,_.
2 People need to remember that _
1Ârrite your ess;irr 5 Now write your essay, using the ideas and some of the language
above. Write your answer in 220-260 words.

85