CEVAP: D

OGM
SORULAR
%û<2/2-û6¿Q¿I ‡ TrigliseƌŝƚůĞƌŝŶLJĂƉŦƐŦŶĂŬĂƚŦůĂŶLJĂŒĂƐŝƚůĞƌŝ͖
‡ TrigliseƌŝƚůĞƌŝŶLJĂƉŦƐŦŶĂŬĂƚŦůĂŶLJĂŒĂƐŝƚůĞƌŝ͖
MATERYAL
ORTAÖĞRETİM GENEL MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ
)RVIROLSLWOHUOHLOJLOLYHULOHQ

KONU /ý3ý7/(5 ¾ ŽLJŵƵƔLJĂŒĂƐŝƚůĞƌŝ;ŬĂƌďŽŶůĂƌĂƌĂƐŦŶĚĂƚĞŬůŝďĂŒůĂƌǀĂƌĚŦƌ)

¾ ŽLJŵƵƔLJĂŒĂƐŝƚůĞƌŝ;ŬĂƌďŽŶůĂƌĂƌĂƐŦŶĚĂƚĞŬůŝďĂŒůĂƌǀĂƌĚŦƌ)
,+¸FUHYHRUJDQHO]DUODU¿Q¿Q\DS¿VDO
ƺŶŵĞLJĞŶŚŝĚƌŽŬĂƌďŽŶůĂƌĚŦƌ͘ŶĐĂŬalkol, eter¾ŐŝďŝŽƌŐĂŶŝŬĕƂnjƺĐƺůĞƌĚĞ
ŽLJŵĂŵŦƔLJĂŒĂƐŝƚůĞƌŝ;ďĂnjŦŬĂƌďŽŶůĂƌĂƌĂƐŦŶĚĂĕŝĨƚďĂŒůĂƌǀĂƌĚŦƌ)PROHN¸O¸G¸U
¾ ŽLJŵĂŵŦƔLJĂŒĂƐŝƚůĞƌŝ;ďĂnjŦŬĂƌďŽŶůĂƌĂƌĂƐŦŶĚĂĕŝĨƚďĂŒůĂƌǀĂƌĚŦƌ),,0ROHN¸O¸QIRVIDWO¿N¿VP¿KLGURIRELNWLU
Ğƌ͘ ŽůĂƌĂŬŝŬŝŐƌƵďĂĂLJƌŦůŦƌ͘
ŽůĂƌĂŬŝŬŝŐƌƵďĂĂLJƌŦůŦƌ͘
,,,*OLVHUROHED½O¿LNL\D½DVLWLYHELU 2.
hidrojen ve oksijen ĞůĞŵĞŶƚůĞƌŝŶĚĞŶŽůƵƔƵƌůĂƌ͘zĂƉŦůĂƌŦŶĂazot
/LSLWOHU k7ULJOLVHULWOHULQ
ve fosfor IRVIDWJUXEXQGDQROXÅXU
LIDGHOHUGHQKDQJLOHULGR½UXGXU"
ĞƌŝĚĞŬĂƚŦůĂďŝůŝƌ͘
' Suda çözünmeyen 9 Hayvansal LJĂŒůĂƌŦŶĕŽŒƵĚŽLJŵƵƔLJĂŒŽůƵƉŽĚĂƐŦĐĂŬůŦŒŦŶĚĂŬĂƚŦ
\DS¿V¿QDNDW¿ODQ\D½ $<DOQ¿],ŚąůĚĞĚŝƌ͘
%<DOQ¿],,&,YH,,
KLGURNDUERQODUG¿U$QFDNDONROHWHU gibi
asitleri;
Bitkisel LJĂŒůĂƌŦŶĕŽŒƵĚŽLJŵĂŵŦƔLJĂŒŽůƵƉŽĚĂƐŦĐĂŬůŦŒŦŶĚĂƐŦǀŦ ',YH,,,ŚąůĚĞĚŝƌ͘
ƔĂŒŦĚĂŶƂƚƌĂůLJĂŒůĂƌŦ
RUJDQLN£²]¸F¸OHUGH£²]¸Q¸UOHU 9
ø'R\PXÅ\D½DVLWOHUL (,,YH,,, &(9$3'
'.DUERQ, KLGURMHQ ve RNVLMHQ NDUERQODUDUDV¿QGDWHNOL
ƌ7ĕŝŶPŶĞŵŝ͖ ED½ODUYDUG¿U
HOHPHQWOHULQGHQROXÅXUODU<DS¿ODU¿QD ŽLJŵƵƔzĂŒƐŝĚŝ
ŽLJŵƵƔzĂŒƐŝĚŝ ŽLJŵĂŵŦƔzĂŒƐŝĚŝ
ŽLJŵĂŵŦƔzĂŒƐŝĚŝ $ÅD½¿GDQ²WUDO\D½ODU¿QROXÅXPXLOH
‡ 7ŶƐĂŶǀƺĐƵĚƵŶĚĂƐĞŶƚĞnjůĞŶĞŵĞLJĞŶLJĂŒĂƐŝƚůĞƌŝŶĞƚĞŵĞů;njŽƌƵŶůƵͿLJĂŒĂƐŝƚůĞƌŝ
ø
ŶĂƌŦĐŦǀĞĚƺnjĞŶůĞLJŝĐŝƌŽůĞƐĂŚŝƉŽůĚƵŒƵŶĚĂŶĐĂŶůŦůĂƌŝĕŝŶŽůĚƵŬĕĂƂŶĞŵůŝĚŝƌ͘
'R\PDP¿Å\D½
azot ve IRVIRUHOHPHQWOHULGHNDW¿ODELOLU LOJLOLJUDILNYHULOPLÅWLU
DVLWOHULED]¿NDUERQODUDUDV¿QGD£LIWED½ODUYDUG¿URODUDNLNLJUXEDD\U¿O¿U
/LSLWOHULQ&DQO¿ODUû£LQ“QHPL
ƌŦŶŦŶLJĂƉŦƐŦŶĂŬĂƚŦůŦƌ͘ denir.
'<DS¿F¿RQDU¿F¿YHG¸]HQOH\LFLUROH
‡ KŬƐŝũĞŶůŝƐŽůƵŶƵŵůĂLJŦŬŦůĚŦŒŦŶĚĂŬĂƌďŽŶŚŝĚƌĂƚůĂƌĂŐƂƌĞŝŬŝŬĂƚfazla enerji verir.
Ğƌ͕ŚŽƌŵŽŶǀĞǀŝƚĂŵŝŶŽůĂƌĂŬĚƺnjĞŶůĞLJŝĐŝƌŽůĞƐĂŚŝƉƚŝƌ͘
VDKLSROGX½XQGDQFDQO¿ODUL£LQROGXN£D ' +D\YDQVDO\D½ODU¿Q£R½X PHWDEROLNVXROXÅWXUXU
²QHPOLGLU ‡ GR\PXÅ\D½ROXSRGDV¿FDNO¿½¿QGD
KŬƐŝũĞŶůŝƐŽůƵŶƵŵĚĂƉĂƌĕĂůĂŶĚŦŒŦŶĚĂďŽůŵŝŬƚĂƌĚĂŵĞƚĂďŽůŝŬƐƵŽůƵƔƚƵƌƵƌ͘
ƌĞůĞƌŝŶŝŶĞƚƌĂĨŦŶĚĂŬŝůŝƉŝƚůĞƌ͕ĞůĞŬƚƌŝŬƐĞůLJĂůŦƚŦŵŦŐĞƌĕĞŬůĞƔƚŝƌŝƌ͘
'+¸FUH]DU¿Q¿Q\DS¿V¿QDNDW¿O¿U NDW¿KžOGHGLU E)RVIROLSLWOHU
'%D]¿OLSLWOHUKRUPRQYHYLWDPLQ
Ğƌ͕ďŝƚŬŝŚƺĐƌĞůĞƌŝŶĚĞŦƔŦŬĞŶĞƌũŝƐŝŶŝŶƐŽŒƵƌƵůŵĂƐŦŶĂLJĂƌĚŦŵĐŦŽůƵƌ͘
RODUDNG¸]HQOH\LFLUROHVDKLSWLU
' Bitkisel\D½ODU¿Q£R½X k)RVIROLSLWOHUELUJOLVHUROH
GR\PDP¿Å\D½ROXSRGD
'6LQLUK¸FUHOHULQLQHWUDI¿QGDNLOLSLWOHU b) Fosfolipitler
ED½O¿LNL\D½DVLGLve ELUIRVIDW
V¿FDNO¿½¿QGDV¿Y¿KžOGHGLU JUXEXQGDQROXÅDQOLSLW£HÅLGLGLU
HOHNWULNVHO\DO¿W¿P¿JHU£HNOHÅWLULU ‡ Fosfolipitler; kýQVDQY¸FXGXQGD bir gliserolĞďĂŒůŦŝŬŝLJĂŒĂƐŝĚŝve bir fosfat ŐƌƵďƵŶĚĂŶŽůƵƔĂŶůŝƉŝƚ
k)RVIROLSLWOHUK¸FUH]DU¿Q¿Q
PŶĞŵůŝ>ŝƉŝƚůĞƌ:
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HQHUMLVLQLQVR½XUXOPDV¿QD\DUG¿PF¿ROXU
VHQWH]OHQHPH\HQ\D½DVLWOHULQH
ĕĞƔŝĚŝĚŝƌ͘ \DS¿V¿QDNDW¿O¿U
WHPHO]RUXQOX\D½DVLWOHULGHQLU k)RVIROLSLWOHULQIRVIDWX£ODU¿
%L\RORMLN$£¿GDQ“QHPOL/LSLWOHU ‡ FosfolŝƉŝƚůĞƌŚƺĐƌĞnjĂƌŦŶŦŶLJĂƉŦƐŦŶĂŬĂƚŦůŦƌ͘
k2NVLMHQOLVROXQXPOD KLGURILOLNVX\XVHYHQDQFDN\D½
ƌŝŐůŝƐĞritler)
D<D½ODU7ULJOLVHULWOHU
\¿N¿OG¿½¿QGDNDUERQKLGUDWODUDJ²UH DVLWOHULQGHQROXÅDQNX\UXNN¿V¿PODU¿
‡ &ŽƐĨŽůŝƉŝƚůĞƌŝŶĨŽƐĨĂƚƵĕůĂƌŦhidrofilik (suyu seven) ĂŶĐĂŬLJĂŒĂƐŝƚůĞƌŝŶĚĞŶŽůƵƔĂŶ
'ƌĂĨŝŬǀĞŶƂƚƌĂůLJĂŒŽ
iki kat ID]ODHQHUMLYHULU KLGURIRELNWLUVX\XVHYPH\HQ *UDILNYHQ²WUDO\D½ROXÅXPXGLNNDWH
k<D½ODUN¸£¸NPROHN¸OOHULQELUDUD\D
ƌ͕ŬƺĕƺŬŵŽůĞŬƺůůĞƌŝŶďŝƌĂƌĂLJĂŐĞůŵĞƐŝLJůĞŽůƵƔĂŶĂŶĐĂŬƉŽůŝŵĞƌLJĂƉŦůŦ
JHOPHVL\OHROXÅDQDQFDNSROLPHU\DS¿O¿ ŬƵLJƌƵŬŬŦƐŦŵůĂƌŦhidrofobiktir
k2NVLMHQOLVROXQXPGD
SDU£DODQG¿½¿QGDEROPLNWDUGD
(suyu sevmeyen).
k%XQHGHQOHK¸FUH]DU¿QGD£LIW
V¿UDKDOLQGHEXOXQXUODU
DO¿QG¿½¿QGD
,.JOLVHURO¸/LVH\D½DVLWLQLLIDGHHGHU
LJĂŶďƺLJƺŬŵŽůĞŬƺůůĞƌĚŝƌ͘
ROPD\DQE¸\¸NPROHN¸OOHUGLU
‡ ƵŶĞĚĞŶůĞŚƺĐƌĞnjĂƌŦŶĚĂĕŝĨƚƐŦƌĂhalinde bulunurlar.
k<D½ODU\D½DVLWOHULve JOLVHURO olmak
ƌLJĂŒĂƐŝƚůĞƌŝve
¸]HUHLNL£HÅLWPROHN¸OGHQROXÅXU gliserol ŽůŵĂŬƺnjĞƌĞŝŬŝĕĞƔŝƚŵŽůĞŬƺůĚĞŶŽůƵƔƵƌ͘
k7ULJOLVHULWOHULQVHQWH]LV¿UDV¿QGD
/͘<ŐůŝƐĞƌŽůƺ͕>ŝƐĞLJĂ
F6WHURLWOHU
,,2OXÅDQQ²WUDO\D½VD\¿V¿NDGDUVX
¸UHWLOLU
,,,.XOODQ¿ODQ/VD\¿V¿NDGDUHVWHUED½¿
ƐĞƌŝƚůĞƌŝŶƐĞŶƚĞnjŝƐŦƌĂƐŦŶĚĂďŝƌŵŽůĞŬƺůgliserol
ELUPROHN¸OJOLVHUROYH¸£PROHN¸O\D½
asidi, HVWHUOHÅPHWHSNLPHVLLOHELUOHÅLU
ůĞƔŵĞƚĞƉŬŝŵĞƐŝŝůĞďŝƌůĞƔŝƌ͘;ĞŚŝĚƌĂƐLJŽŶͿ
(Dehidrasyon)
ǀĞƺĕŵŽůĞŬƺůLJĂŒĂƐŝĚŝ,
//͘KůƵƔĂŶŶƂƚƌĂůLJĂŒ
k0RQRPHU
\DS¿O¿ELUOLSLW
£HÅLGLRODQ
NXUXOXU
LIDGHOHULQGHQKDQJLOHULGR½UXROXU"

///͘<ƵůůĂŶŦůĂŶ>ƐĂLJŦƐ
k7HSNLPHV¿UDV¿QGDJOLVHUROLOH\D½ $<DOQ¿], %<DOQ¿],, &<DOQ¿],,,
ŵĞƐŦƌĂƐŦŶĚĂŐůŝƐĞƌŽůŝůĞLJĂŒĂƐŝƚůĞƌŝĂƌĂƐŦŶĚĂƺĕĂĚĞƚĞƐƚĞƌďĂŒŦŬƵƌƵůƵƌǀĞƺĕ
DVLWOHULDUDV¿QGD¸£DGHWHVWHUED½¿
steroitlere
NROHVWHURO ',YH,, (,YH,,, &(9$3(
Ŭƺůsukurulur
ĂĕŦŒĂĕŦŬĂƌ͘ve üç molekül VXD£¿½D£¿NDU YHRPXUJDO¿

KRUPRQODU¿²UQHNYHULOHELOLU
ŝĨĂĚĞůĞƌŝŶĚĞŶŚĂŶŐŝůĞ
KD\YDQODU¿Q
HÅH\VHO
'R\PXÅ\D½DVLWOHULLOHLOJLOL
,.DUERQDWRPODU¿DUDV¿QGDNLED½ODU¿Q
KHSVLWHNWLU
c) Steroitler k.ROHVWHUROKD\YDQK¸FUH]DUODU¿Q¿Q
ELOHÅHQLROXS]DU¿QDN¿ÅNDQO¿½¿Q¿DUW¿U¿UNHQ
,,<DS¿V¿QDNDW¿OG¿NODU¿\D½ODURGD
V¿FDNO¿½¿QGDV¿Y¿G¿U
‡ DŽŶŽŵĞƌLJĂƉŦůŦďŝƌůŝƉŝƚĕĞƔŝĚŝŽůĂŶƐƚĞƌŽŝƚůĞƌĞkolesterol HVQHNOLNYHGD\DQ¿NO¿O¿½¿Q¿GDVD½ODU ǀĞŽŵƵƌŐĂůŦŚĂLJǀĂŶůĂƌŦŶ
ͿzĂůŶŦnj/͘ ͿzĂůŶ
,,,*HQHOOLNOHKD\YDQVDOND\QDNO¿\D½
k.ROHVWHURORPXUJDO¿ODUGDNDUDFL½HUGH
ĞƔĞLJƐĞůŚŽƌŵŽŶůĂƌŦƂƌŶĞŬǀĞƌŝůĞďŝůŝƌ͘ VHQWH]OHQGL½LJLELEHVLQOHUOHGHDO¿Q¿U DVLWOHULGLU
‡ <ŽůĞƐƚĞƌŽů͕ŚĂLJǀĂŶŚƺĐƌĞnjĂƌůĂƌŦŶŦŶďŝůĞƔĞŶŝŽůƵƉnjĂƌŦŶĂŬŦƔŬĂŶůŦŒŦŶŦĂƌƚŦƌŦƌŬĞŶĞƐŶĞŬůŝŬ
6DIUDQ¿Q\DS¿V¿QDNDW¿O¿U LIDGHOHULQGHQKDQJLOHULGR½UXGXU"

ǀĞĚĂLJĂŶŦŬůŦůŦŒŦŶŦĚĂƐĂŒůĂƌ͘
*OLVHURO<D½DVLGL1²WUDO<D½7ULJOLVHULW6X W¿NDQPD\DQHGHQRODELOLU D) I ve II.
k Fazla kolesterol, damarlarda birikerek $<DOQ¿],
',YH,,, (,,YH,,, E) I ve
%<DOQ¿],, &,YH,,
&(9$3'
‡ KolĞƐƚĞƌŽůŽŵƵƌŐĂůŦůĂƌĚĂŬĂƌĂĐŝŒĞƌĚĞ ƐĞŶƚĞnjůĞŶĚŝŒŝŐŝďŝďĞƐŝŶůĞƌůĞĚĞĂůŦŶŦƌ͘^ĂĨƌĂŶŦŶ