BoILEeR CONST. Pg. 4-26 57 Bot LER H Zz 0 TREATMENT Po. 24-42Boiler Construction MARINE BOILERS AND SYSTEMS. curawnr view parame Introduction Aboiler in one form or another will be found ‘on every type of ship. Where the main Thachinery is steam powered, one or more large water tube boilers will be fitted to Produce steam at very high pressures temperatures. On diesel main mac! smaller type will be fitted to proyi Boiler infu! tft energy in the Sthesenelgy release by burning fuel in | the furnace igstored as temperature ““Nandipressure in water and steam praduted + energy content of steam is converted to mechanical energy in the turbine ‘Types of Boiler © Water Tube Boller — water passes through the tubes and hot gases outside the tubes ‘Smokestack Classification of Boilers Working Principles a. Fire Tubes © large tubes ‘© hot gasses through the tubes and water outside the tubes product of combustion pass inside the tubes and outsides of the tube is surrounded by H,0. * low pressure system b, Water Tubes © Small tubes © water passes through the tubes and hot gases outside the tubes © H,0 is contain inside the tube, white produce of combustion passes around the outside of the tubes, © Higher steam pressure2. Water Circulation © Natural circulation © Free natural circulation mon ND: «Accelerated natural circulation unn trhe © jd Ca o f> aes ‘* Forced circulation 3. Capacity ‘© High capacity - 100,000kg/hr Low or Medium ~1,000-5,000kg/hr. 4. Pressure ‘* High pressure ~ 60 bars and above ‘© Medium pressure - 17-30 bars © Low pressure ~ 6~15 bars Advantages of water tube boiler ‘© They can produce steam at high pressure and temperature ‘+ Flexible in changes of steam demands because of their small volume water © steam pressure can be relatively short time c Disadvantages BOILER CONSTRUCTION 3 >" conemizer lexchanger that transfers heat Bffomy Boiler Flue Gases to Boiler “Feedwater. Steam Outlet Saturated steam from the Steam Drum to the Superheater Cyclone A device inside the drum that is used to prevent water and solids from passing over with the steamoutlet. Stay tube for superheater Stays for superheater tubes Superheated steam outlet Superheater A bank of tubes, in the exhaust gas duct after the boiler, used to heat the steam above the saturation temperature. Superheater Headers Distribution and collecting boxes for the superheater tubes. Water Drum K. BurnerL. Water wall Header Distribution box for Water wall and downcomers. M. Footing N. Water wall ‘Tubes welded toyether to form a wall. ©. Water wall Header Distribution box for Water wall and downcomers, P. Back side Water wall Q. Boiler hood R. Water wall Header Collecting box for Water wall and risers. S. Riser ‘The water-steam emulsion rises in these tubes toward the steamdrum, ‘T. Downcomer A tube through which water flows downward. These tubes are normally not heated, and the boiler water flows through them to supply the generating "= Separates the Ste V. Economizer Header ‘+ These perform a similar duty to that of the drums only forming a distinction between them. Drum are provided with manholes while handholes for the headers. ® Generating Tubes * These consists of numerous small diameter tubes placed in the main flow of hot gases, so forming a large heat exchange surface, the generation of steam takes place Difference in density allows the dry mainly by convection, steam to rise and leave from the top of the drum, ‘Screen Wall Tubes The duty of the screen tubes is to protect the super heater tubes from the direct radiant heat of the furnace flame © These are placed adjacent to the furnace, so recelving heat from flametogether with heat from the hot gases leaving the furnace Water wall Tubes These are used basically to contain the heat ofthe furnace thus reducing the amount of refractory material (3) required. [) steam directly from the boiler to give “additional protection to the super heater by providing some circulation of superheated steam even when the turbine throttle is close so preventing the super heater tubes from over- heating is to reduce the temperature of a quantity of superheated steam and make it suitable for auxiliary services requiring low temperatur saturated steam conditions. Down Comer Tubes meturfieteam and water Water wall header to the Boiler Mountings © The purpose of which is to superheat the saturated steam leaving the drum to a temperature suitable for use in the main turbines * Must be protected from direct radiant heat (liable to overheating)Safety Valves ‘* Enables the boiler to be isolated from the steam line * Fitted to protect the boiler from the effects of overpressure Screw down, non-return type valves At least two safety for each boiler ‘+ Two for the steam drum ‘+ One for the super heater header — set lower than safety valves mn, non-return valve vent blow-back) now RETURI neve ReLer VALVE ‘ia 15 Data ponreen ve ad ea ave Auxiliary Stop Valve ‘* Smaller version of the main stop valve fitted for the purpose of isolating the boiler from the auxiliary steam lines * Mounted on the super heater outlet header (D Main Stop Valve ‘© Screw down, non-return valves * Mounted on the superheated outlet 6 Boiler Feed Water eel header Ginale - wren 2 Eemok= rn tel, eam vee 3 Elomenk~ wiley tel, Ctemm nat Lode potty* Too low — damage may result for Low Water Alarms overheating oie highs Gane eae ‘Must be fitted to reduce risk of resiltarit caer Gler of ester damage in the event of a loss of water * Fitted to control the flow of water (_S##™ wate) _ in the boiler due to a burst tube or into the boiler and maintain he water. (26) Petite ct the fad supe level at its desired value ‘* Fitted in the feed before the main check valve Water Level Indicators * Minimum of at least two water level fitted for each boiler ‘+ Two direct reading water level gauges mounted on the steam drum and a remote indicator placed at a convenient control position Blow Down Valve * These are fitted to the water drum to enable water to be blown from the boiler in order to reduce the density. When the boiler is shutdown these valves can be used to drain it. 2 sarery wave Air Vents sentThese are fitted to the upper part of ‘© These are fitted to the steam drum to. the boiler as required to release air enable feed treatment chemicals to from drums & headers, either filling be injected directly into the boiler the boiler or raising steam. Soot blower Master Steam Valves ‘Scum Valves ‘* These are usually mounted on the ‘* These should be fitted where there is superheated outlet header to ensure possibility of oil contamination of the the super heater is not starved of boiler. They are mounted on the steam which blowing tubes. Salinometer Valve Drain Valve steam drum having an internal fitting in the form of a shallow pan saturated just below the normal water level, with which to remove oil or scum from the surface of the water in the drum. These valves discharge into the blow down line, ‘These are fitted to headers, etc so ‘enabling the boiler to be completely drained, They must not be used to blow down, only being open the boiler is shut down ‘Gauge Connections ‘© Fitted as required to steam drum, superheated outlet header etc. to provide the necessary pressure readings. ‘These are fitted ‘Thermometers * Pockets must be provided is superheated headers ete. for the fitting of either or remote reading thermometers. © What is refractory ‘* Any material which should contained the heat generated in the furnace. © They must have good insulating properties and must withstand the high temperature where they are exposed 0 that when raising (Cah first release air from Super heater, and then provide BH circulation to prevent overheating by allowing sufficient steam blow off to the atmosphere or toa suitable drain system. They should only be closed when there is enough demand for superheated steam to provide the minimum circulation at steam required to prevent overheating. ‘+ Hove sufficient strength to resist forces ‘© Towithstand vibration, cutting and abrasive action of flame and flue dust. Chemical Dosing Valves WHAT IS CORBEL IN THE FURNACE@) ©The ConBEL is built around the base * Fill the boiler with hot de-aerated of the furnace to prevent slag erosion until water just shows in the water and undercutting of the lower rows level gauges. fire brick in vertical furnace walls. Ensure all air checks operate correctly © The corbel is usually built of CHROME and forced draught fans are working ORE similar to that use on stud tubes. Check fuel system ~ start up the fuel * Aheavy sheet of brown paper is oil service pump and check for leaks. placed on the floor bricks before The boiler is now ready to commence building the corbel. raising, Heat the fuel to the required temperature, if notheated use gas oil or diesel il THE CORBEL CORBEL BROWN PAPER Boiler Oper: iB up time (cold to full working pressure) * Govern by boiler type, amount of refractory in the furnace and amount of refractory repairs * Alinear temperature use of the entire boiler structure isthe ideal for warning up / steam raising i BOILER START UP (slow start from cold) internal fittings, which have gmiove, checking to © Japanese Builders (100 bar press) englire they are correctly positioned ® O~Ahrs~ lighted of with 0.0. and'secured © 250kg/hr of fuel ‘* Operate all boiler mountings to ‘+ 40,000ke/hr normal evaporation ensure they work freely, leaving all ‘* Intermittent Firing (5 min ON and 5 the valves in a closed positioned. min, OFF ) for 2% brs. ‘© Open the direct reading level gauge © 2 %hrs on intermittent isolating cock with al boiler vents, temp rai alarm and pressure gauge — 2hrs on continues firing - water connections. The superheater drains temp. raised to about 207°C @ 20 are also opened. Check that all other bars drains and blown down valves are closed.2% hrs on continues firing - water temp raised to about 313°C @ 100 bars Operate settyvave singe easing gesr/ eer attvave wing easing u StatTuto Generator -Stan mainrbereed > Co changeatemzeroHFO, 8 Apointa, alleraing ae st ‘Sepp steno eo: neater Shutsup. 8 ae su. when compleey rin Snes ayer Time nhours ‘gm OFF win esos Evaporation temperature increaces with pressure —Used with drums enters the tube plate t tubes ~ all the tubes are bent so fo enter perpendicular to the surface of the tube plate ‘Types of tubes attachment Expanded and bell mouthed Grooved seat Boiler Types (Usage) 1. Main Boiler — propulsion of the vessel 2. Auxiliary boiler - aids in propulsion (heating of Fuel oil) 3. Donkey —use only for Hotel needs of the ships (e.g. hot water to the galley)4, Tank Boiler - large capacity but low pressure, the shell in water drum is aiso the steam drum Vertical boiler ~ shell is upright and furnace in within the shell at the lower half Horizontal Boiler - cylindrical boiler Exhaust gas boiler ~ operated by hot ‘gasses in the engine Double evaporation boiler \Vacou from fst ate Concentrate Tom Firat tte Auxiliary Boiler Boiler convert the chemical energy contained in fuel to heat energy in the steam heating water and steam by burning oil energy content of steam is converted ‘to mechanical energy in the turbine Turbine utilized the steam energy and iciency ‘90% is use up in the Turbine thermal loss in the: heat in the gas (gas, sulfur 0.55% > 100°C; 5% > 160°C) INC Comb. (oil vise. Burner maintenance) Radiation losses from casing and piping (damage insulation brickwork) air and steam and water leakage (air leak in FDF, Duck, Air Preheater, leakage in pipes and volts) ‘Major Component (Boiler Design) ‘Iti constructed with steel tubes, pipes — drums the D-type Boiler has upper and lower drum connected together with hundred of tubes and pipes the upper drum —steam drum the lower drum—water drum In the upper drum ( saturated steam is 0.25% water) 101. Burners 1 ew aru a tom on warn foe © Inside furnace water in the risers are heated by flame of burners 2. Walls (Furnace Walls) ‘© Water circulating inside the pipes are walls 3. Downcomers (located outside the furnace wall) * Allow the heavier water flows back to the water lower drum. 4. Secondary steam drum ‘+ Where primary steam is condense as the energy in transferred to the secondary steam system. 5. Superheater (500°C is the steam outlet temp) ‘¢ Steam from the top steam dru (On Motor Vessel 2 Steam Generating System: Waste heat economizer Utilizing the heat energy from Diesel Engine exhaust Gas energy burning Auxiliary oil Fired Boiler '* Utilizes the fuel oil from furnace in principle This boiler functions similar to the ‘one use for propulsion, but only differ in design. Gas Baffles © Are fitted to direct the hot Gasses from the oil burners upwards over the nearest bank of generating tubes and superheater, downward thru the Fryfurther main bank of generating Distortion of H.P. rotor — damage of tubes to the bottom of the rotor economizer, then up thru economizer and air heater to the uptake and Priming ea funnel: ‘+ Is due to water reaching the steam certton ar Pieing outlet of the boiler + Thisis cause by high water level or ‘Results when water is acidic or when excessive steaming rate. entrained, or dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide or other gases enter the boiler with the feed water. #- To avoid this: evoid undercooling of distillate produced neutralized outer acidity, with alkali. F.W. Deaeration, oxygen scavengers (hydrazine, amines) Boiler Scale and Corrosion '* Scale builds up cause by dissolves and suspended solids and dissolved gases that is pump continuously. © Athigh pressure and temperat chemical reaction is FASTERSaN temperature is higher of heat transfer thea entered the boiler mixing with alkali ‘to form SOAP bubbles Control: © Alternation to feed water purity, boiler water condition, maintaining the correct boiler water level, controlling the rate of steam OFF - TAKE from the boiler. Carry Over from Boiler ‘© Result in entrained moisture and solids being carried over with steam Effects of Carry over: ‘+ Superheater scale deposits ‘© Deposition on turbine nozzles and blades which cause imbalance. 12Boiler Construction Waste Heat Utilization - Economizer ‘* Are used to increase boiler efficiency, being place in the uptakes ‘* Lower the temperature of exhaust gasses ‘* Heat up the feed H,0 before entering the steam drum, © Acid formation on any metal below 170°C © Mild steel surface ~acid form below 138°C © Cast iron - acid form below 115°C Minimum limit temperature ~ 115°C under steaming condition Below 115°C — corrosive attack; fouling can ‘occur (due to soot build up) Economizer Heater Note: Feed water tem * It is of solid forged wild steel where series of tubes are attached either by expansion and bell mouthing or welding ‘Methods of Tubes Attachment expansion + bell mounting + welding Construction: ure in economizer . final fin OA\Both air & gas side — usually with plain mild | tubes but on rare occasion glass 5 are used generative type — with either revolving or stationary heat transfer matrix; rotating drum of with corrugated plate ‘Tube type Air Heater 1, Vertical Tube © consist of vertical tube expanded by 2 horizontal tube © Gas passes through tubes and aii passes outside of them © Easy to keep clean in an advantage © Cleaning is by means of brush for eflienysubesto reece many when ble OFT Sot possibility of fine on uptake cause by lowing is siso ine hut not effective 2. Horizontal Fitting & Drains for Water Washing is Provided - for washing of the uptake gas heat ‘exchange when boiler is shut down. ‘Temperature Control of Economizer is necessary ‘this type horizontal tubes expanded by 2 vertical tube ‘* less susceptible to choking and easily clean by soot blower Disadvantage 13Safety vate '* prone to soot fines when fouled '* more difficult to clean manually * water washing is necessary to clean / remove deposits '* bypass at low load condition 3. Regenerative type (rotary) © this is use in conjunction with tubular type when the gas temperature is to low for the tube type ‘* drumis rotating consisting of corrugated steel plate passing alternatively through separate duct of air and gas oye ‘+ release excess pressure build up in the steam drum & super heaters. Safety Valve Types Spring loaded Safety Valve derside ofthe piston, ase force against the steam above the valve 3. Full-bore safety valve ‘© consist of main and pilot valve © use for superheated steam ©The control valve consist of small spring loaded valve set to operate at the boiler blow OFF pressure. © Asitlift will come the vent to atmosphere and allow steam to build ey up and act upon the operating piston attached to the main valve spindle. Piston area = 2 x valve area ([[D"/ 4) When pressure is relieve the pilot valve closed, releasing the pressure of the operating steam atmosphere The main valve is close by the return spring and the escaping steam to. atmosphere. The main valve then left close by the steam pressure sifice there is no such case, the pilot nected to the steam drum fected by the temperature steam. the control valve is small so less iable to distor ADJUSTMENT Changing the compression of the control valve spring by mean of a nut fitted to the control valve 4. Full Lift Safety Details construction is somewhat similar to the improve High Lift Safety valve. ‘When the valve has lifted a small amount, the escaping steam pressure can then act upon the full area of the valve. This increase the lft until the lower edge of the valve, just enter the Buides. In such case the reaction generated by the escaping steam with the guide causes the valve lift further until itis, fully open. 4* Fully open means area of escape = area of supply through the heat. Boiler problems '* Most serious problem in boiler is CORROSION cause by water quality water carry impurities / contaminants ‘that may result in boiler failure. * Water quality must be maintained within the controi limits (mechanical or chemical means) BOILER CORROSION 1. Pitting, ‘* Localized metal attack characteristic bby formation of round deep cavity ina metal surface. ‘* One of the most serious forms of corrosion and often associated with ‘oxygen w General Corrosion ‘* Thinning or metal loss inawhicht thickness of the metal seven 5. Exfoliation Corrosion ‘© Type of attack that peels or splinters the metal into their parallel layer © Dealloying ‘* Selective dissolution one metal from an alloy Causes of Corrosion: 1, Gaseous / Corrosion - oxygen, carbon dioxide ammonia a. Oxygen * most undesirable contaminants which enter in boiler '* oxygen dissolves in water and causes corrosion at an excessive rate ‘© oxygen reacts with the ferrous metal surface to form red iron oxide (e203) * Red Iron Oxide is known as rust + Red Iron Oxide porous and does not in to Carbon Dioxide leaves the evaporator with the vapor and dissolves in the distillate © CO2 reacts with water reduces PH of water and accelerates corrosion (general) in the feed water, steam, condensate system © Carbonic Acid attacks the steel in the feed and condensate line to form [Fe (HCO3)2] ‘* Carbonic Acid produces general corrosion, which is typical for grooving along the bottom of the Pipe, overall metal thinning, loss of metal at stress areas such as bent, & threads. Ammonia © Copper base metal are subject to attack by ammonia in the presence of oxygen ‘© Ammonia + 02 produces corrosion © Ammonia is formed by the ‘decomposition of organic material or breakdown of Hydrazine 15Prevention of 02 and CO Gases 8. Foaming 1. Check all points of possible air in-leakage ‘© release of vapor bubbles and gas condensing and vacuum section of the . plant. Evaporates automatic equipment and alarm should maintained in good operating level 2. Check the temperature of the tank orraee * Salinity control - removal of brine operating at atmospheric pressure, since eee Ce from evaporator (02 & CO2 are dissolve in cool water, It should be at highest temperature possible without creating vapor lock at pump Chemical Treatment suction. + Ameroyal~ reduce sufface tension; prevent foaming afid carryover 3. In cascade tank if not deaerated must be sat heated as high as possible to liberate Boller Water Test Sey ia dissolve oxygen 4. Avoid piping drains with high 02 concentration to drain tanks or to any Point where they may be used as make up feed 2 = 3 2 space; it should have a temper difference of 1-2 degrees@ifinot and inspacted as the figst of determine the cause ota Alkaline - color turns BLUE * Acidic ~ color turns RED ©The degree of coloration in an +. rove veri lie ang i indiating pH value. deacrating Heater use che for maxim prosetion sea remaining 02'&€O2 bases BOILER H,0 TEST & CONDENSATE TEST avenger) oe Mss Teo me A Cro ‘Of Sodium sulfate Foes a -20ppm, mf Seu iG ehaaote tr Faicatia bade [0.10-020pim_[0A0~ O.tSppat [0.03 ~ 0.105 oe ee © calcium sulfate, calcium carbonate, Eee cou ER efficient heat transfer barriers. Alkalinity |P-100~ 150ppm }90-230ppm_ 7. Foaming and Carryover CE a Pema + cause by organic substance; [eemme passione contamination with petroleum EAA SEE CEE a product 16BOILER CONSTRUCTION 2 Where is the main stem stop located? © ‘Superheater outlet Desuperheater inlet C. Superheater inlet D. Desuperheater outlet Function 1 - Marine E Function 3 ngineering — Maintenance and 5. Overheating of the generating tubes will occur when a boiler reaches its end point of. A. Evaporation ‘Combustion Circulation Moisture carry-over 2. To insure that the feedwater entering the boiler is equally distributed thereby reducing the thermal shock on the drum: A. The feedwater regulator is adjusted to automatically control feed flow for varying steaming rates 8. The economizer is regulated to heat the water to just 2 few degrees below the boiler drum rad temperature Not (©) An’ intemal feed Neither I nor i installed in the drum D. Steam separato Protects superheater tubes from overheating? |. Screen tubes |. support tubes (A) Lonly Both | and Il C. Honly D. Neither! nor It 8, Haders never have: ssive surging of eam drum A. Tube holes Manholes: 4. The feed pipe in a D-type Blowdown holes mM boiler performs what D. Handholes ? ns) 9. Longitudinal movement of the tubes in |. Distributes feedwater a boiler drum is prevented by the evenly throughout the operation called: steam drum through holes on top of pipe Belling Nl. Guides the feedwater Expanding entering the drum toward the C. Grooving downcomer tubes. D. Rolling A) Lonly 10.The material used for plugging Both | and It watertubes is; C. llonly D. Neither I nor Il 7@ Soft iron Brass ©. Hard iron D. Zine 11. Downcomers are placed outside of the inner casing rather than inside to obtain: ‘A. Preheating of the air supply Minimum boiler rating Desired circulation characteristics D. Increased generating area 12, The number and size of the holes drilled in an internal feed pipe are determined by the: Size of the feed pipe Pressure of the water = C. Size of the economizer D. Pressure of the steam AE Wnat_are the advantages of water walls? |. Higher Combustion temperaturs Il. Low refractory maintenance A. lonly Wonly Both | and I D. Neither casing in order to: |. Increase circulation |, Decrease the heat to them A. Lonly B. Ionly Both I and I! Neither | nor Il 16,7he function of the screen tubes is to ~~ protect the: @sxpereatr Steam drum C. Refractory D. Water walls 17. Steam baffles in a steam drum: |. Help support other internals ll, Help prevent moisture carry-over A. only Both I and Il ® Wonly Neither t 18. The most 100 of assuring of | boiler furnace temperature and follow recommended operational procedures 19, Bulging of furnace wall is caused by Which of the following? ‘A. Insulating brick broken Overheated fire brick Anchor brick and bolts broken D. Slag behind fire brick 20. What is the purpose of the corbel? A. Decreases gas turbulence Protects drum form flame Protects expansion joint D. Supports furnace wall 21. Why are spaces left between bricks when laying a new boiler furnace floor? A. To aliow for insertion of plastic chrome ore B. To allow slag to accumulate To aliow for expansion D. To allow room for future repairs 22. Insulating bricks are made to accommodate anchor bolts by: ‘A. Manufacturing them in split sizes 18(8) Making an 11/16 — inch hole through them C. Installing them in plastic form D. Molding @ space into the face 23AAil of the following are methods of boiler water circulation except: ® gompouna Forced G. Natural Free ‘A common type of circulation found in watertube boilers is: A. Compound Cross-compound & Accelerated D. Integral 25. How should the rate of feeding be changed during periods of swell and shrink? A. Is decreased during swell and decreased during shrink (©) 's increased during swell decreased during shrinks C. Is increased during sell" increased during sh D. Is decreased duripais increased dutiag s! Sf water in the steam of a boiler is: A, Foaming © Priming C. Carry - Over Boiling ‘An economizer temperature of the: teduces the A. Boiler steam Feedwater Stack gases D. Fumace air 29. What would be the result of paint or dirt_on the outer tube of a thermohydraulic feedwater regulator? High water level A decrease in heat transfer from that section C. Low water temperature D. Erratic feed rate 30. Whatare the sensing components in a Cereaiotoment feedwater regulator ays rheat temperature temperature increases uel gas increases D. Fuel consumption goes down temperature 32. The feed check valve on a steaming boiler would automatically close if the: Safety vaives were lifted Feed pump stopped Feed pressure were increased D. Boller had a tube failure 33. What would limit the effect of shrink or ‘swell on the boiler water level? L Use of a three-element feedwater regulator ll, Avoiding sudden massive changes in load. Lonly Both | and It Honly D. Neither | or It 34. What causes shrink in a boiler? @ Collapse of steam bubbles Sudden decrease in steam demand 19©. Increased steam demand Ci 40. The titing of the feather is prevented (sudden) in a huddling chamber safety valve D. Priming by the: A. Projecting feather lip \2 35. The connections on the feed inlet pipe B. Spindle adjusting pins to a boiler are the: C. Axial spindle guide holes D. Feather guide fins |. Perforated pipe b Il, Thermal sleeve 41. The function of a safety valve on a marine boiler is to prevent the A. Lonly pressure in the boiler from rising ®. Both | and I! above: ©. Monly D. Neither | nor A. Designed teffiBressure Swable working 36. Single-element feedwater regulators are controlled by: ‘Temperature in the drum Pressure in the drum Level in the drum Flow to the drum pomp O\ 37. The final setting of the boiler safety ‘valves shall be checked and adjusted when: A. The steam is at pressure and temper leving capacity of a safety valve B. The boiler is isolate the boiler is insufficient: ©. The boiler maximum load 1. When you increase the D. The boiler i maximum —_allowabie pressure working pressure ll When you decrease the maximum allowable working pressure A. Lonly valve from B. Both | and Il Wonly Neither | nor it from | 44.what is the purpose of a a desuperheater? 39. What reaction and _huddling A. To. maintain uniform flow chamber-type safety valves? through superheater while supplying auxiliary steam A. Relieving capacity B. To add heat to the steam in the B. Means by which blowdown is drum accomplished C. To give more generating C. The nozzle reaction type has surface area steam pressure acting the D. To increase the heat of the bottom of the disc for initial superheater while supplying opening auxiliary steam D. Means by which the pop action is obtained d 45. A leak in the desuperheater would be indicated by: 20A. Increase in boiler water compound level B. Increase in dissolved oxygen C. Inability to maintain level of suspended solids (© oinasiity to maintain proper pH or phosphate level \ 46. The best conductor of heat in mai boiler is, A. Steel B. Water C. Steam D. Brick 47. Most marine boilers are assigned to produced, A. Superheated steam only drum as it expands or contracts with temperatures changes C. To compensate for deflection of the hull in way of the boiler supports, D. To allow for unequal expansion between the wrapper and tube sheets ine G 52. To allow for water drum expansion or contraction, the boi B. Saturated and 53, Thi superheated steam ©. Saturated steam only , for the D. Superheated and inspecting -~ supercritical steam pairs, is called Cae A sectional (sinuous) header boiler is Classified as which of the listed boiler types? A. Bent tube B. Straight tube how The purpose of a 4 A. tubes c. foundation B. casing D. refractory 9 etme of the following statements Tepresents the purpose of boiler sliding feet? A. To ensure an airtight seal between the boiler inner and outer casings B. To — accommodation the changing length of the water jwrapper sheet tube sheet ich of the boiler components listed receives feedwater and serves as an area for the accumulation of saturated steam? A. Steam drum B. Water drum C. Headers D. Superheater headers sOndition of the G 55-The steam drum in a D-type marine boiler A. Maintains circulation by forcing steam bubbles downwards in the generating tubes B. Supports the superheater tube tank C. Provides a space for moisture to separate from the steam D. Acts as a receptacles for heavy suspended solids in boiler feedwater 5§Which of the following conditions is true concer the boiler water drum foundations? A. All saddles. are rigid support and are welded directly to the ship's framework 2B.}In_a typical installation, the water drum is secured solidly to the ship's foundation on one end and free to move on the other C. Good preventive maintenance practice include chipping the sli feed and phosphorus bronze chocks to remove all rust and corrosion to insure free movement D. All of the above n er (One function of the water wall header isto ‘A. Act as a foundation beam to support the weight (©) Provide a collecting are for sediment and siudge C. Coo! the refractory D. Form a soot seal in the lower comer of the boiler casing 58.Which of the following statements represents the major difference between a boiler drum and a he: A. The temperatures they are operated The number of tues B. Water drum only C. Steam drum D. Water drum and headers [) cow of the following statements represents the primary function of hand holes used on a boiler? A. To allow access into the steam and water drum B. To allow access for cleaning in the stack C. To provide access for cleaning out the firebox D. To allow access headers into the 61. Which of the following methods listed would be most effective in repairing a steam cut on a seating surface of a super heater hand hole plate? A. Filling the cut by welding and then grinding it smooth B, Filling the cut with iron cement or plastic steel eating surface and ‘an oversized stationary base Wire brushing to remove scale, rust and dirt 63. Gasket leakage around boiler hand holes may be caused by: A. Improper gasket B. Pilted seating surface C. Loose dogs D. Allof the above positioning of the 64. If while filling the boiler an newly installed gasket on a water — tube hand hole plate weeps, you should Coat the gasket with graphite Only need to tighten the stud nut with a slugging wrench Use a double gasket Center and tighten with correct size wrench go > A 65.In a boiler, water flows downward in tubes furthest from the fires and flow upward in tubes nearest the fire because ‘A. Water is denser in the tubes farthest from the fires B. Water is less dense in the tubes nearest from the fires 22C. Tubes farthest from the fires have a greater diameter D. Tubes farthest from the fires have smaller diameter Dee Which of the following statements represents an advantage of a forced water circulation boiler over a natural circulation boiler? A. The circulating pump need not operate when low pressure steam is required B.) Boiler tubes are less likely to overheat ©. A steam drum is not required D. All of the above Cc 67. How is boiler water forced to circulate faster in accelerated natural circulation boilers, than in free natural circulation boilers? ‘A. increasing the density of the water B. Installing a water circulating pump, such as a hy; kineter C.) Increasing the incli the generating tube D. Increasing the stl water mixture within a natural [OM boiler us retarded by ‘A. Large changes in stern density B. Fluid friction onthe downcomers, drums, 6) generating tubes and headers c. Too low of a free water temperature D. Back pressure in the steam drum acting on the user tubes BOILER TUBES bro The greatest deterrent to heat transfer from the fireside to the waterside of a boileris Water film ©) Gas film Water eddies D. Gas eddies 71. Corrosion due to electrolytic action in modern water - lube boilers is uncommon because a strong treatment lic action are similar of gases through the furnace Decrease the flow of gases through the furnace C. Increase heat transfer to the mud drum D) Permit higher. combustion rates 73. One advantage of installing water wall tubes in a boiler furnace is to A. Increase furnace 'size Reduce furnace temperature Decrease refractory maintenance D. Reduce combustion rates water and the C74. which of the statements Tepresents an advantage of the “bent tube" method of installing boiler tubes? ‘A. Removal and replacement of tube is easier than with: other method B. Cleaning of tubes is easier than other methods C) A comparatively greater number of holes can bed placed in a given area of the tube sheet D. A minimum number of spare tubes must be carried=~ >) 75.The correct method of expanding of generating tube at the boiler drum tube sheet us to roll A. To a depth less than the thickness of the drum tube /> sheet (@) Teo a depth greater than the thickness of the drum tube sheet ©. Heavily at the tube end prior to welding the tube to the drum tube sheet D. Slightly at the tube end prior to welding the tube to the drum tube sheet v \}) 76. The process of flaring the section of a boiler tube extending beyond the tube sheet into tne drum is known as Belling @ Expanding D. Breeching Safe ending p 77.Which of the tools listed is remove a boiler tube from a ‘Swaging tool @) Backing tool 79, When cleaning the waterside of boiler tubes with a powered rotary brush, the brush should kept in motion to @ Avoid tube damage Reduce tube pitting ©. Brovent it fem sein D. Reduce wear to brush bristies A ) 80. Waterside abrasion of boiler tubes can be caused by A. Entrained boiler water B. Oxygen corrosion & Improper bends in the tubes impurities in the Mechanical tube cleaning 81. The development of: pinhole leaks where the boiler tubes enter the water drums and headers, may be: evidence of A. Gas laning B. Excess alkaligi D 2 insufficient airflow a RE.) Excessive slag accumulation on the tubes C. Low fuel oil pressure D. Reduced furnace volume 84. Heavy slagging and high temperature corrosion of boiler tubes can result from using a fuel oil with high amounts of A. Ash B. Vanadium salts Sodium chloride salts 1B) All of the above BOILER REFRACTORY C 85, A corbel in the furnace of water — tube boiler is a A. Preformed burner arch section B. Formation of soot on furnace floor C. Fillet of plastic refractory D. Type of refractory anchor bolt N 85. A corbel is used in a boiler furnace to Protect the expansion joints 24B. Formation of soot on furnace CO Which of the following represents one floor ‘of the most important consideration in ©. Reduce gas turbulence the design and location of the boiler D. Type refractory anchor bolt internal feed pipe? D 87. Which of the following devices can be A. Water must be directed toward used to secure or hold furnace the down comes refractory in position? B. Feed water must be directed to the swash baffles A. Brick bolts © Thermal shock to the boiler Anchor strips drum must be avoided Boiler tubes D. Holes must be drilled in both @ All of the above: lower portion of BOILER INTERNAL FITTINGS [| 88 Which of the following statements concerning boiler steam drum surface a commonly blow piping is correct? A. )Usually the surface blow pipe is perforated with holes along its top surface; however, when ‘temperatures @ scum pan is also employed. The holes are located along — up distillate the bottom of the pipe surface ‘ B. The centerline of the pi into an _ intemal A Steam scrubbers carrying away External corrosion penetrating the desuperheater tube walls C. Chemically feed pipe leaking D. Excess lifting of safety valves 94.A leak in the internal desuperheater located in one of the two main boilers ‘on a ship can be indicated by a/an @® Decrease in the amount of feed ae treatment chemicals remaining revent priming and foaming in in that boiler i> boiler drum B. Increase in the amount of feed B. Remove all moisture from treatment required for proper S) steam leaving the boiler water chemistry of that boiler Permit a flow of nearly dry C. Decrease in the amount of feed saturated steam treatment required for proper D. Prevent foreign materials from water chemistry of that boiler entering the steam drum D. Increase in the amount of time necessary for priming that 90. The internal feed pipe to a power boiler J boiler distributes the water into the 95. 4 smail leak in the desuperheater of an operating boiler could cause a Mud drum Steam drum Water drum A. Immediate increase in D. Bottom drum superheater outlet pressure 25 PeB. Immediate decrease in Be Desuperheated steam can be superheater outlet temperature found at the C. Immediate drop in boiler water Main steam stop level Spray attemperator Ox ty to maintain proper Generator stop boiler water pH or phosphate D. High pressure turbine steam levels chest Boiler External Mountings 99. After a boiler has been take off the line and is cooling, the air cock is l96. The purpose of the boiler drum air opened to ‘ cock is to A. Admit when the boiler is being emptied B. Permit escape of air when the boiler is being filed ©. Permit escape of air when steam is forming in the drum “after lighting off I of the above \e ‘Which of the following is the best reason for opening the air cock when draining a water — tube boiter? drum allow A 8 c. ler is cut in on the line has formed and all air With the air cock 9} boiler drains without e economizer drain is closed 2 vacuum All burners have been lit and B. Water flows out firing normally too rapidly closed Air mixeg 26Boiler Water Treatment Boiler Water Testing and Control We understand now why boiler water treatment and control are most important for the safe, trouble free "Gives us information aboxk the presence oxygen scavenger Control prevents axygen corosion Anigh vale ct sodium sufte, Fused, covers to ter carryover ri hyceaie is uz, to crasen of copper and opper ay motels or expe condenser tubes “Alow ve ves risk of cxygen cxrosion at Poker meeriais (Oxygen Test ppm and efficient operation of the steam plant. First we have to asses the condition of our boiler water and subsequently maintain certain amount of chemical levels in the water in order to give protection for the boiler and the steam plant. Different methods are used to ‘Measures with the TOS meter the electric conductivity (miro Siemens per omit 2G ofthe te; wichls oprewedas of salts dissolved In the baler Density Test TDS number (ineg/L = microform) determine the amount of chemicals in boiler water. Test methods may vary for different suppliers of boiler water treatment chemicals. quality. . rary = — ae Pe ee Se es ee SSS St am ~ OXYGEN, ‘* The oxygen in the attacks the boiler steel ‘© Athigher pressure and temperature, it is harder to remove the oxygen from AIR © Oxygen present may cause PITTING Corrosion. , Removal of Cxygen ‘© Sodium Sulfide is ‘oxygen from 100 © maintain it’s prescribe timit of alkalinity pH is 10-12 taking care NOT to exceed the limit. Oxidation © prevent introduction of AIR to the feed WATER H20, removing dissolve ‘gasses by heating, and use of DE- AERATOR. ‘Scale Forming Salts: Calcium Sulfate (CaSO«) ~ most serious scale forming salt Prevention and Treatment: by adding to the water one or more soluble chemicals. Sodium Carbonate or Phosphate ~ react: calcium sulfate which may jardness Test ~ should stand for 5 minutes ‘Temporary and Permanent Hardness + Temporary —will disappear upon boiling + Permanent — will NOT disappear upon boiling What are the Three Bad Effect of Impurities in Feedwater * Scale Formation © Corrosion © Carryover Foaming - this due to high concentration of dissolved solids, high chloride and alkalinity. Prevention: ‘© Limit concentration of chloride, alkalinity '* Blow down and surface blow or complete change of water 32Carry Over — particles of water leaving the boiler with the steam. Types of Deposits and Corrosion Cause: |scale |Caloun, Hard crystalline: imogesun festa * Oil, high alkalinity and high [aug Produk of corosion [Loose scalairon concentration of dissolved or oo suspended solids fearing reasoner [OO * Gil will adhere to the Hottest tubes |- over usually the lower rows of tubes. ‘Type of Corrosion: © General Corrosion ~ occurs over the entire surface of the metal ‘© Pitting Corrosion & Local Corrosion ~ ‘occurs in a few small areas Test use to determine chemical levels Testing] To Determine the Foaming arty over (Gen. corrosion (som hycrexide) [Akalinty Test [Tomuchalkaine _|Grooving, caustic, erbxiterent 33Function 1 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF AUXILIARY MACHINERIES BOILER WATER TREATMENT (Cs When a boiler water test indicates a pH of 6, you should: A. Check the DC heater for possible malfunction B. Begin a continuous boiler lowdown ©. Chemically treat to lower pH to normal D,Chemically treat to raise pH to normal The end result of proper chemical water treatment would call for: A. Acid treatment cl drums B. Water washing, Boiler blowdo @fichemical results, immediately: fter bottom blow Crafter adding chemical to boiler (Distoe adding chemicals or blowing down When testing a boiler water sample, i would add a definite coior indicator to trate unti: (mee was a definite color change in the sample B. You cbtain the proper pH C. The burette went to zero - Marine Engineering Function 3 - Maintenance and Repair ¥,, D.The solution reached the desired reading on the burette Which of the f dissolved oxy; wing can cause appear in the ndensate in of the he following minerals or mpounds dissolve in boiler eaten and magnesium Carbonate and sulfate C. Magnesium and carbonate D. Sulfate and silica Scale deposits are prevented from forming in boiler water by: Converting scale - forming minerals to suspended solids B. Dissolving scale - forming minerals C.Keep scale - forming minerals out of the water D. Removing scale — forming minerals with direct constant heating What effect do temperature and pressure have on the activity of oxygen entrained in boiler feed water? ygen is more active with yh pressure and temperature B. Oxygen is less active with high pressure and temperatureC. Oxygen activity remains the same at high pressure and temperature as at low temperature and pressure D. Oxygen is. more soluble at high temperature and pressure Pro What type of waterside deposits are hy A fz The for eliminating magnesium in boiler wa removed by boiling out a boiler? A. Corrosion deposits B. Oil C. High temperature D. Sludge A continuous blow is used to’ A.Regulate the density or salinity of boiling water B.Remove scum from surface of boiler water C.Permit the escape of air when raising steam in a cold boiler 1D. Remove sludge from water drum the A, Potassium sulfate Sodium carbonate sodium phosphate Desuperheat tubes 15. Using the surface blow on a boiler will: | = rid boiler of suspended particles floating near the surface I= interfere with water circulation (@: only Wenly C. Both | and Il D. Neither | nor I Cl 16. Boilers are chemicaly treated for: 1. Oxygen corrosion Ul, Seale prevention A. tonly only joth | and I & leither | nor I Dw Which of the gfollswying would not cause corrosigmomscale in a boiler? decrease the ice blow line 1e bottom blow to the evaporator A.Lonly only € Both | and It Neither I nor It 19. Titration means the: 1. Process of neutralizing an unknown solution Ii, End point of the test be A. lonly B. Il only C. Both | and Il D. Neither | nor il Which of the following is the test to determine the amount of sodium hydroxide in boiler water? Alkalinity Chlorinity C. Acidity D. Soap hardness 21. A boller'which will not maintain the proper chemical level indicates there is alan: A. leaky superheater header @keaty internal desuperheater 35C. improper chemicals D. insufficient make-up feed feeding of If the boiler test sample was flashing into a steam, what would this cause? A. Low reading B. Low pH C. High reading D.No reading To help the suspended solids form a sludge, you would find all of the following water conditions in a well treated boiler except: A. pH always alkaline B. Zero hardness C. Proper hydrazine level D.An excess of compound chemicals Boiler tube corrosion is caused by? ‘A Calcium carbonate, sodiu! chloride, or red dust 3, Magnesium carbonic acid, oxygen ©. Carbonic 26. CO; “is harmful because it:: to boiler water ‘A. Causes carbonic acid B. Combines with. oxygen to cause pitting C. Dissolves with magnetic iron oxide film on the tubes D. Combines with sulphates to form scale When will oxygen cause the most damage in a boiler? A. With a high pH reading 8. with temperature CC. With a low alkalinity reading D. not filing the boiler after it has been secured operat 28. What are the two most common gases in the feedwater? A. Oxygen and hydrogen B, Carbon dioxide and oxygen CC. Hydrogen and nitrogen ming ate to prevent scale chloride to prevent re is sludge most likely to be ed? ‘A. Downcomers Risers Floor tubes Generating tubes The end point in titrating a boiler water sample is the point at which: A. The burette reads zero B. The sample is neutral C. Titration stops D.The — sample saturated becomes, 32. Excessive oxygen in boiler water is usually the result of: ‘A.Overdoing with —_ boiler ‘compound B.An air leak in the feed system ©. Priming and foaming in the drum D. Leaks in the cooling water piping In which of the following ways are the dissolved suspended solid in the boiler water held to minimum levels? ys 361. By using only chemicals use of blowdowns. By only 1 only C. Both I and It D.Neitner | nor It before they get to the boiler? ‘A. Scale B. Sludge ©. Pitting D. Oxidation steaming boiler? (A. Mud drum Downcomer 6 Surface of water B Floor tubes You can reduce the redu salinity in a boiler by: yol,.add phosphate to the boiler water A. Reduce alkalinity 5B. Form a harmless sludge from scale forming salts C. Reduce oxygen impingement D.Form a —_ phosphate protection layer on all drum internals Mechanical boiler water treatment ie used for: @ Dissolved oxygen High alkalinity iw Where do chlorides collect in a volatile frequent £ 40, A 4 ha What is the effect of magnesium and calcium if they are not taken out Da De 6. C. Low acidity D. Low alkalinity Carry ~ over is caused by: A. Aerating C. Oxidation ‘oaming D. Boiling Failure to remove calcium and magnesium from feed water before it reaches the boiler can result in tube salinity indicator alarm sounds ile sensing’ the main condenser hotwell, there is a danger of A. Low condensate depression B. Saiting up the boilers C. Low condensate temperature D.Contaminating the distilled tank How: does °an electricals: indicator work? ity A. Measures the hydrogen ion concentration B. Measures. the electrical resistance of the water C. Determines the conductivity of the dissolved oxygen D. Measures the voltages of the chloride ions Foaming in a boiler can be caused by A. High total solids B. Excessive phosphate C. High alkalinity D. Any of the above if a: boiler water chemical are increasing in one~ boiler and 37Da De Cs decreasing in the other boiler while both are steaming at normal rates you should suspect a leak in the ‘A. Economizer tubes B Internal desuperheater fiange ©. Superheater D. Feedwater crossover line What is the purpose of the boiler water treatment? A, To reduce formation of scale on the waterside of the boiler B.To reduce a minimum corrosion of boiler metal C.To reduce foaming and moisture carry-over D.Allof the above In the prevention of carry-over in marine boiler, an _—_ importa consideration is to A. property ‘water with hyd ~ firing the boiler to the } end point of combustion If the boiler water chemicals are decreasing in one’ boiler and increasing in the other boiler, white both are steaming at normal rates, a leak probably exists in the \. economizer tubes feedwater crossover superheater tubes . internal desuprheater flange pomp When is the best time to give a boiler a bottom blow? Be DO ie A. Just before placing it on the line B, Just after placing it o the line C. Just after taking it off the line 1D. When then boiler pressure hhas dropped to zero Electrolytic. corrosion inthe condenser, circulating water system can be reduced by A. Decreasing the velocity of water ter boxes. plates in the the water water becomes, C. Neutral ikaline D. Acid water in an auxiliary boiler jould be chemically tested daily for alkalinity and +. A. Soap hardness B. Chloride content C. Nitrogen content D. Dissolved COz ‘Sodium phosphate in boiler water can be measured by a/an test. A. Alkalinity B. Chiorinity C. Phosphate D. Calcium hardness Testing boiler water for chloride content will indicate the amount of A. Total dissolved solid in the water B, Phosphates present in the water C. Methyl orange that should be added D. Solids in the water from sea contamination The water in an auxiliary boiler should be tested for chloride content to determine 38C 58. 59, fr be 61 A. total dissolved solids B. water hardness C. salt contamination D. pH value The water in a steaming auxiliary boiler should be tested daily for A, Dissolved oxygen B. Sludge €. Chloride D. Dissolved nitrogen. A unit of measure used to express the chloride content of boiler water is the ; A. PPM B. pH C. Salinometer D. Micro ohm Boiler water samples should be circulated through a cooling coil prio to analysis because A. This keeps the A sample of boiler water can be chemically tested by adding a few drops of a specific color indicator and then slowly titrating a standard solution into water sample until the Be h 6s. D. Desired amount of standard solution has been added 62. Phenolphthalein is used to test boiler water for A Hardness B. Hydrazine C. Alkalinity D. Chloride content What always results in dissolved from the main ‘here is any excess sulfite present B. The pH of the boiler water is within the prescribed limits C. The dissolved oxygen in the boiler water is within tolerable limits indirect way D.The hardness factor is maintained as close to zero as possible Eight (8) ounces of oxygen dissolved in 500,000 pounds of water is a concentration of ppm. @e 4.0 66. A dissolved oxygen concentration of 8.0 ppm represents a concentration of of water. c.8.0 D. 16.0 A. 8 Ibs. of oxygen dissolved in 1,000,000 tons B. 8 tons of oxygen dissolved in 1,000,000 pounds C.8 ounces of oxygen dissolved 1,000,000 A. Burette reading is zero and ounces the sample color changes D.80 ounces of oxygen B. Color indicator reveals a dissolved in 100,000 definite visual change in ounces the simple C.Desired pH has been 167. The DC heater functions to x attained in the sample 39A, Remove air from feedwater B. Store feedwater C. Heat feedwater D.Alllof the above ‘The concentration of total dissolved solids in the water in an auxiliary boiler can increases as a results of he A. seawater contamination B. dissolved oxygen deaeration C. frequent surface blows D. frequent bottom blows Pre if an operating auxiliary boiler has a water pH reaction of 7, you should, ‘A. Bottom blow the boiler B. Treat the water with caustic soda C.Treat the water chemical scavengers D. Reduce the water alkalinity to recommended readings with The cooling water suppli vent condenser in a OY Dr boilerStiould be maintained at the pH recommended by the boiler manufacturer to : A precipitate silica from solution B.reduce corrosion in the heating coll prevent clogging and erosion in the coil C.prevent clogging and erosion in the coil D.maintain zero. water hardness pe Cn Ds The concentration of total dissolved solids in the water in a boiler could increase as a result of A. Priming and carry - over B, Dissolved oxygen deaeration ©. Zero water hardness D. Infrequent bottom blows A boiler with a water capacity of 10 tons generates steam of the rate of 30 tons per hoyg, if the feedwater quaiity is 0. e concentration of solids se 1.5ppm every hour. Wit down, in 24 hours, will increase Bligh steam demand C. Fireside erosion D. Overheated tubes Dissolved and suspended solids boiler water are kept at minimum levels by A.Using only volatile chemicals B, Blowing down the boiler frequently C. Treating the boiler water with phosphates D. Introducing oxygen scavenging chemicals into the boiler water The end products of reactions that occur when boiler water is chemically treated remain in the boiler and increase the need for A. acid cleaning B. boiler blowdown C. makeup feed D. waterside treatement corrosion Improper boiler feedwater deaeration could be directly linked to, 40A. operating with excessive condensate depression B. fluctuating deaerating feed tank level as a result of taking on make-up feed too rapidly C.fluctuating condensate pressure due to not maintaining proper hotwell level D. bil of the above In a closed feedwater system, the greatest deaeration of condensate ‘occurs in the i: A D.C. heater B. Air ejector condenser C. Atmospheric drain tank Dayne Feedwater is deaerated to prevent ‘A. Cavitation in the feed pump B. Loss of system vacuum, C. Corrosion in the boiler, D.All of the above Which _ statement(s), concerning the use increasing olid content gintaining the pH ler water within auxiliary water - lube boilers to A.Remove suspended and precipitated solids from the boiler water B. Completely drain the boiler in an emergency situation C.Prevent hardened scale deposits in the mud water drum D. Remove floating impurities from the oller water surface De 84, Dm he Dissolved oxygen can be removed from boiler water by__- A. Frequent surface bottom blows B.Dumping and refiling the boiler weekly ©. Passing the water through absorbent D. Treating the water with chemicals scavengers and The correct progedure for bottom blowing an augifaryboiler to bottom blow BValite within % inch of the Wwater cut — out ly after bypassing the low ressure pressuretrol fough accurate tests of boiler ater dissolved oxygen are difficult on boardship, you can be fairly sure of proper oxygen removal by A. Testing frequently for total dissolved solids B. Maintaining low boiler water 1H ©. Giving the boiler frequent surface blows D. Testing boiler water for excess scavenging agents Which operating condition of a DC heater will result’ in excessive dissolved oxygen in boiler water? A. Excessively high water level in the heater B.Throtting the entering auxiliary exhaust steam C. Operating the heater with a closed air vent D. Any of the above ‘What are the most common gases which become dissolved in boiler water and cause corrosion on the internal parts of the boiler? A. oxygen and carbon dioxide 4189, C.oxygen and heat transfer in feedwater heater is monoxide most greatly affected by the ___- D. oxygen and nitrogen B. oxygen and ammonia 90. Under normal conditions, the rate of carbon A.Temperature differential ‘Which of the following decreases the between steam and total dissolved solids concentration feedwater in the water of an auxiliary boiler? B. Density of the feedwater C. pH of the feedwater A.hydrazine treatment of D.Speed of the main feed condensate pump B, chemical cleaning frequent compounding 91. The proceduresyrecommended for yottom blowing, auxiliary high ‘salinity ing High salinity can de reduce and water chemistry controlied in a oxygen steaming boller by adding caustic soda and phosphate and then B. D. adding calcium cart precipitate solids je pH A.using the continuous @ phosphate lowdown B. steaming at blow firing ate for 24 hours C. adding hydrazine to contr dissolved oxygen 2Boller Construction ‘BOILER WATER Pa] 40] a] 79] 3 TREATMENT 2< | ai» | sofa a4] 47] 3-4 [alc] aif c 2c | 48] 4[2 | a3[c | 82] d 3[_a | 49] s[¢ | 4al_2 | a3] b ald | 50] él | 45| a] ea] a 5[ a [si] 7a | 46] a] a5] c el _c | 52] 3[b | 47] 6 | 86] 7a | 53 [2 | aa o [aria al_a | 5a] 2 | 49[ a | 88] a ofa [55 | sol c | 89] c iol b | 56 2 | sil | 90] 6 aia [57 | safc | sil a2|_a | 58 ce] sal b | 92] c asl_a | 59 | sala | 93] b 1[_¢ | 60 2 | ss{-c | 94] a as|_a | 61 | 56] b | 95] 4 a6] _¢ | 62 dé |"s7] 6 | 96) a a7 4 | 63] ct se|_c | 97] a as|_¢ | 6a [53] a | 96)» 19] a 65) c | 60] ad [99] a 20| can s6| b | if a | s00] 6 2ifib. | 67] 2 | 62[ 4 68 < | eal _d =69 b | sala E70] | 65a “7a | 65] 6 72 c| 67 73 b | esl _c 74 | 6c 75 < | 70) 6 76| [ava 7 bal 72 78) i273) 73 Tale 80 756 Bl Boe 22 a 33 T7a|re 84 85; 87 88 89 30 31 382