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CNC Router Calculations

The document provides initial data and calculations to determine the acceleration rates and linear forces for a CNC router. It calculates values like acceleration time, axis masses, gear ratios, and assumes a cutting force. Using principles of work, energy, and linear motion equations, it then calculates the rapid movement forces and peak cutting forces for each axis. It determines the maximum linear force for each axis and uses formulas to calculate the peak motor torque requirements for the Z, Y, and X axes.

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morteza nouroozi
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364 views4 pages

CNC Router Calculations

The document provides initial data and calculations to determine the acceleration rates and linear forces for a CNC router. It calculates values like acceleration time, axis masses, gear ratios, and assumes a cutting force. Using principles of work, energy, and linear motion equations, it then calculates the rapid movement forces and peak cutting forces for each axis. It determines the maximum linear force for each axis and uses formulas to calculate the peak motor torque requirements for the Z, Y, and X axes.

Uploaded by

morteza nouroozi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

CNC Router Calculations

Initial Data
Machine Rapid Speed ( ) Acceleration Time ( )
20 m/min 0.5 sec
X Axis Mass Y Axis Mass
48.25 kg 15.66 kg
Z Axis Mass X/Y Axis Pinion Pitch Radius ( )
8.56 kg 15 mm
Gearing Ratio ( ) Gearing Efficiency ( )
5:1 90%
Z Axis Ball Screw Lead ( ) Ball Screw Efficiency ( )
10 mm 90%
Linear Guide Intrinsic Resistance ( ) Cutting Force (assumed) ( )
10 N per guide 200 N

Assumptions/Details
 Each linear guide exhibits 10 N of intrinsic resistance which, for simplicity, includes any
static/dynamic friction. The X axis has four linear guides, while the Y and Z axes have two guides
each.
 A cutting force of 200 N has been included as an assumed maximum force on each axis in all
directions of motion.
 The X axis is driven by two motors, while the Y and Z axes are driven by one motor each.

Acceleration Calculations
Acceleration Rate ( ) Acceleration Displacement ( )

Linear Force Calculations (Using the Principle of Work and Energy)


Principle of Work and Energy Work of Weight
∑
Where is the change in height from the initial to
Where final position of the component in motion. Here,
.

Work of a Constant Force

Where is the initial and is the final position of


the component in motion. Here, .

Due to collinear motion,


Z Axis Rapid “Upwards” Movement ( )

Z Axis Rapid “Downwards” Movement with Cutting Force ( )

Y Axis Rapid Movement ( )

Y Axis Rapid Movement with Cutting Force ( )

X Axis Rapid Movement ( )

X Axis Rapid Movement with Cutting Force ( )


Table of Linear Forces*
Z Axis Rapid “Upwards” Movement ( ) 109.7 N

Z Axis Rapid “Downwards” Movement with Cutting Force 130.3 N


( )

Y Axis Rapid Movement ( ) 30.5 N

Y Axis Rapid Movement with Cutting Force ( ) 230.5 N

X Axis Rapid Movement ( ) 72.3 N

X Axis Rapid Movement with Cutting Force ( ) 273.3 N

*Maximum linear force values are used to calculate axis peak motor torque requirements.

Z Axis Peak Motor Torque Requirements ( )


Ball Screw Formula:

Including 100% Factor of Safety:

Y Axis Peak Motor Torque Requirements ( )


Rack and Pinion Formula:

Including 100% Factor of Safety:


X Axis Peak Motor Torque Requirements ( )
Rack and pinion formula:

Dividing result across two X axis motors:

Including 100% Factor of Safety:

Table of Peak Motor Torque Requirements


X Axis 0.911 N.m
Y Axis 1.537 N.m
Z Axis 0.460 N.m

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