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D4 7th Edition
D4 7th Edition
(@) For Schoo! 4 find the range the median, Gi the interquartile range. (©) For Schoo! B, find @ therange, Gi the mecian, i the interquartile range. (©) ‘Studer rom School B are generally heavier than student from School A Do you agree ‘oxrorp The boxandavhisker plots show dhe marks obtained by some stents in the History and Geography examinations The maxim mat for ‘oath examinations is 100 Geography History » © @ Forthe Geography examination, find the range Ai the median, (Gy the interquartilerange For the History examination, find @ the ange, Ai) the median, (Gi) the inexquastilorange [Nora said hat the Geography examination iseasier than the Hisory examination. Do you agree with Nora? Give two reasons for your Which examination has a wider spread of mvs? Give a reason for your answer9 64 adults wore asked to indicate the weekly number of hours they spent watching television. The cumulative frequency curve below shows the informatien cbvained, Cumulative Frequency Curve for the Weekly Number of Hours ] Adults Spent on Watching Television Feestgn | Jae jv | tear tet i » Be sk eo A TE eden” PP Eo} ‘ (2) For Prestige Country Clb, find 330 © the median age, 2/20 the nterquailerange, oh, faa: (0) For Luxury Coumiry Cub, find f medion age, a oe @ theiveruailerange, | ae (0) For the bocandsaiser plot for Linury a Country Club, the let whisker is much longer (0) Usethe gph to existe than the right whisker Explain what this @ themedian, mean. @ the interqurierange, ‘Which county club shows a greater spend of Gp the number of adults who spent moe = = thn 25" hours per week watching teevsion, (© Comment bviety om the dsbation of ages beiween the mem Prestige Count The boxand.whisker plot below shows the Club and Luxury County Club, number of hours that 2 group of 64 teenagers See eagle. 11. The following diagrams stow the box-and-whisker - 4 plot fortwo ses data, Xan. ~ Paetseetieeteeee fin eebie eettetehe | DD | Number of Hours ©) Find | @ themed, { 6 the erquarite ange | (©) Twonagers spent more time watching a 5 television in general Do you agroe? Give a reason to support your answer, (@) For each set of data, ne (@) Compare and comment on the spread of the @ themedian, ‘ime spent watching television of these two (the range, s10ups of people ‘he interquartile ange os gxroen(6) Which set of data has a more balanced 12, The box-andwhisker diggrams for three sts of spread? data, X, Yand Z, are shovn below. (6) Which set of data has a greater spread? (@) Which st of data has lower median? {€) Which one of the cumulative curves (A, 0 or © shee bclw best represents the set XP Cumulative Frequency Curves for Data tn Set X seins Fe Fequeneydsburons frie tee eof cat, i 2] sarhentietneediacesto pce | f Nisa ly ara i fl i g Es HE BED 2 (0 The htyans below (P,Q and show A. the fegeney touts for the thee xs cumulative frequency curves for data in Set X a Band Cin port Kuch each ofthe twce cues 10 ther reper Histograms oy you anes, : i i E Frequency Frequency = Frequency R Frequency me c (2) Describe a context foreach ofthe histograms P.QandWe will lean a nev satisical measure, standard deviation, 0 describe the clsebution ofa set of data Investigation ‘Are Averages Adequate for Comparing Distributions? Fig. 4.94) and) show the dot diagrams for hoe sets of data, Set and Set, bath with size n= 6, mode = 3, metian = 3 and mean = 3, Aithourh the three averages (move, median and mean) ae all ecpal to 3 for Set A an Set 8, the two distributions ae diferent eae cy Fig. 49 1. Draw another wo dot diagrams with dstbuvions such that =6, andl with the ‘made, median and mean all equal to 3 22. Are the three averages imode, median and mean) adequate for comparing S90 ‘ts of data! Explain, From the above investigation, we have leamt that hwo sets af lata can have the same: averages (mode, median ard mean, but the distributions can sil be diferent. ‘Theteore, there isa nee! for another method 1o measure the spread ofthe data or clstibaion, In Scetion 4.2, we have learnt how to find the interquartile range fr both discrete ‘and continuous data, The interquartile range is a measure of the spread ofthe dala shout the median. It tells us about the ange ofthe midale 506 of the dstibution. It {soften used when the median isthe appropriate measure of the average ofthe dta, ance have Tearat in Book 2 when we should use the median. oxrorp‘As mentioned in Section 4.2, we wil lea in this section 2 news measure of spread ‘whieh describes how the data are spread about the mean and which also takes into account all the values of the data st, I is often sed whem the mean isthe “appropriate measure of the average ofthe data ln Book 2, we have eae a formula fr cate Le, ar where is the requency of each data vale x ig the mean, Fafa set of daa, f= Lor each data vale x them 2s, where n= 3 is the sizeof the data Investigation ‘Obtaining a Formula fora New Measure of Spread “Table 4.3 shows the temperatutes, in degiee Celsius (C1 of two cities, City A andl ity 8 na particular day taker at hour intervals as 2 ou 5 26 = 2 a 6 au a | 2 2 Table 4.3 Part 1: Mean Temperatures {Find the mean temperature of City and of CyB. 2._-Ave the mean temperatures ofboth cites equal? 3. By looking at Table 4.3 closely, what can you say about the spread of the temperatures of City 4 as compared to the spread ofthe temperatures of City B In elation tothe respective mean temperatures? oxsoRp cope @DPart 2: Spread ofthe Temperatures 4. In order to find a better measure ofthe spread of the temperatures, copy and complete Table 4.4 for City A. The frst ow has been done for you 25 | 35-28 3 3 » som | Sun Table 4 5. Fig. 4.10 shows the graphs of the temperatures of both cites, Compare the fraphs and decide which set of data more spread out Temper of Cy Terpersure city g f : t ae 5 & ae i E | 4 i a poten peanettet — p- sp vod - + bie 4 is ‘abe foo] | fegbafi tn 1400 400 hoa Time f= ® Fg. 410 {6 Instead of graph, we need to obtain 2 formula for measuring spread. Consider the value of Ste-). You have obtained this value for City Ain Table 4.4. Use a similar method to obtain the value of ix) for Chy & Compare the values obtained for City A and City. Is this a good measure of spread? Why? 7. Now consider 3x7). Find the value of Six-z for City A and City & and ‘compare these values. Do you think itis a good measure of spread? WhyéWhat happens to Sie the temperatures are taken at 2-hour intervals instead of 4shour intervals, Le. what happens t0 Six—1 we have 12 data values instead of 6 data valuest Does this mean thatthe spread will increase shen there are move data valuest Aaand City 8. Do you think its a good 9. Find the value of 2° for ci nessure of pra Why? 10. The unt for temperature 1s °C However, the uit or 2 PF because seine are a) Hie we raed oe inne a EE to make the unit consistent Find the value of spread about the mean 11, Calculate the standard deviation 24" tor city 8. 12, Compare the standard deviation foe both cites. Which standard deviation i larger? What does it mean when the standard deviation i ager? ‘scalledhe standard deviation. measures how thetemperatures are Fiom the above investigation, we have learnt how the formula for the standard ‘deviation comes about: Standard Deviation = [2 oxrorn &~» Sermstaketsrnyhnbieel fie okey 132 bth eigen tle be ted de 6 ine the ere of sede. the ‘em se dvs OAD) i LESH, bu sts he oe hat he sant iipetoed utter Taicical aa tiyss Chopra QD+#3 Alternative Formula for Standard Deviation eRe e ‘Tere i an altemative formula for standae deviation ‘epstenshinge coms ‘dope ose Sd bin the "stn fmt orm, Le. Worked (Finding the Standard Deviation Using the Altemative Formula) Example The data for the temperature of Cy is shown belo Find the stand de ion using the alternative forma ‘0000 2 ‘0400 2 ‘0800 26 1200 3 1600 3 2000 » &~» Nosed exile th Ee on ui Bases Mean M6 © 28 sen deisin= [EEF O am ———_—_——‘The table below shows the number of grammatical erors made hy Shirley in eight Ss 4D Quaton Habe English essays submited this semester. Find the standard deviation ofthe number of ‘errors made. Show your working clearly. Use of Calculator to find Standard Deviation for Ungrouped Data In Worked! Example 9, we can also make use of the statsieal functions of| scientific calculators to find the tarvard deviation divectly. The data presented in Worked Example 9 isan example of ungrouped data, ‘We we the sme data points (emperatune of City Aas in Worked Example 9, a te Be hat nal pur Siete Before we start, we must always remem In he calculator memory. To do so, pres Follow the sep been to obtain the standard deviation tes ~w, 2. LElstan thischanges the cater otis! me ean eee 2. Divan) = 4. Enter the data one at a time Le seo} p=] ec ao an he ake ‘grape tas p supaLz]ier 2. [alan a a [Boon thescien pls so & EE] the screen dips be we of he sac donThe ages of 7 people ae 16, 21, 22,18, calculator, find the standard deviation of the # Standard Deviation for Grouped Data For grouped data, te formula for ing standard deviation esentaly he Sy oo Pee, is easier to use for the Standard Deviation = bya ov Similarly, the second formula, Le. computation ofthe standard deviation. where the mean, © Worked 1 0 (Finding the Standard Deviation for Grouped Data) 100 Secondary Four student, each from School A and Example Schoo 8, were asked or the amount of ime they spent ‘watching television each week. The results are given in the table below, z A ‘Number Wo—w] 00 = F< 900 2] iipeiascion jal “000 = += 00 ? Fs eee ee Ll ere wea Mean p_ | 9s] £ sad Doras] 4 (Find the values ofp, rand s Make no comparisons between the lfespans ff the light bulbs produced by Brightworks and! Lumina The bowand-whisker plots below show the lstributions of the stvting monthly salaries of foosh gradanies rom lwo universities, A and. j | Haleateso assess aoa aa” Stari Mehy Sry 0) © Find the interquartile range for both Gi) “On average, fresh graduates rom university A igeta higher starting slay than fresh graduates from university £". Do you age? Give a reason for your answer (il) Which university. has a bigger proportion (oF feesh graduates geting more san 3500 for wir starting salary? Give a reason for your exrorn {@}_ Use the gph to estimate the median mark c the passing. mare sul that 69% of the students will pass the examination. (©) Indicate clearly the upper and lower quatles ‘on the graph and fine the interquartile ange. ‘The boxand.vhisker plet gives the information ‘on the marks scored! by 4 students in the same ‘examination in Ferma High School. oO 8 TO ‘Marks (6) Find the median mark and the interquaatile range. Hence, comment briefly on the in the two perormance of the students schools10, the cumaatve frequency curve below represents the standing broad jump distance (em) of 80 Secondary Four boys ‘Cumulative Frequency Curve for the Standing Broad Jurp Distance ‘of Secondary Four Boys cists Cumulative Frequency 1 The masses of 200 eggs from Rainbows. Farm were measure and! the eesuts are illustrated by the cumulative fequency curve below Cumulative Froquency Curve {ir the Masses of Fy from Rainbow Farm 00. so. Distance (em) (@) Copy and complete the grouped frequency table ofthe standing broad jump distance of ‘each boy. The engs ate graded accor in grams Distance (em) 180 =< 200 20s ¥= 200 Bo n matrix, or 3 matrix of order m % a, colts toa mat with rte an colans Amari one roy suchas (3.49 0 )iscalled a row matrix 4 Armatric with one column, such as | 7 %6 Ar mma refers toa mati wth the same rumber of rows andl columns eg. { 3 2 ). is cated square mates, © (3 nero is called a column matrix IWevery element ina matis i 0, the matrix is ealled a zero matrix (ra all mate, is usually denot ey wf 1 [2 2 Ya . sicssn easing on(3}(3 8) melo 6} erie A Questions 1.3.71. Write down a 3 % 3 square matrix 2 Write down a | 2 2e10 matrix anda? 3 ze10 matt. 3s O)equal 10 Explain, Equal Matrices “Twomatices A and B are equal if and only if {@) both matrices have the same order, and (0) their corresponding elements are eq n(} 2) tena —0 trae =| : J ra sii ° 6-0 | ea? Epi ° bs ep 13) entre Om x»6 a4 od the values of gb, ean Solution: (2 4)-(.7) Equating the coresponuling elements, we have We a beaten 2) eed-4—0) and lend, From (1), From 2), +3 Subsite en 16-4 da) 16 (4) nto © SS.be80= Band de 16 ace AC HEON 26 © ds3 Md; Exercise 5A 1. Write down the order of each of the following “3 @]o2 56 1 o(r4-) 47 w | 3 0 43 s91 ws ° we) (13) (90 00 2. Whichot the following pairs of matics ae equal? {they are not equal, state the reason, thapters at 3. Tho table below shows:te numberof students ina lass an the type offuitsthat they ie best among, the fuits given i. they an only choose one type of fruit among the fats given @) Represent the data in the table by using a matic F 4) Whichisthetype of futthatistikedbestby an ‘equal numberof boys and girls? ) Find the sum ofthe elements inthe first row ‘fF, What does this sum represent {v) How do you use the elements of Fto find the umber of students who Uke durian best? What is the answer? AL Which ofthe following pits of matrices are equal? \they are net equal, state the reason. @e (S}e-e velabe( = oxrorn,5. Ste which ofthe lowing maces ave equal. ESET (3 The table below shows theft number of goals - a acts) (3) Ree ee $Heams ina tournaren:ach oft 4 cas plays c-(75) »-( t ) against one another only nace Tam [Tam [Tam ¢ [tam ( 2 3) meme 7 a4 Team & 3 o 4 2 u-(3 7 Team | 1 Joa + is Team D 7 2 5 0 i-(339) Represent the ea hn the table using. a maui 8. {id What isthe total numberof goals scored inthe 3 ud rach rT Can fe i 14 (i) What do te srs in pst Gv Find desu the cements nthe second 4 ‘a0 weds let pec we| 2 x(327) (Can yu expin wy the came in S ae 3 sorvlrial bourbon ase! (43) 73 6 Find the values ofthe unknowns in each ofthe following. #(22}(74) ass)fesn o(352}(522) ar is ) (4 2 © | sy 36 Fas oo Wo (2-3 ye4 Je(7 6) fehl 4) ns (35) 35k 2e-5 yok }Addition and = Gp Subtraction of 5 DB 2 i Addition of Matrices {Let us return tothe context ofthe matric for Table 5.1 in dhe lass discussion on page 137: | a is Suppose the boss of the stationery shops receives a new stock of 100 pens of each brand. How should he dstnbute them? Should he give an equal numberof pens of ‘each brand wo each ofthe to shops, or more pens tothe shop with less stork? Suppose he decid to dsiibute the pes accom to this mats er | Ne How do you add the nwo matics, Mand Noe the tna sork othe pens ‘ofeach brand in each shop wen-(s 28) (ne 2) sn ot 76 || 30 20 50 = { 1670 780 re se | 2. Can you add ta matices of diferent onder 8 (sens sae} 40 20 3. How about adding the following two maces? (345H253) Explain, bopIn general, iyo matices A and f have the same ovder, then A+B is obtained by adding the conesponding elements ofA and B, ’ 2 Jan { 5 Jas pew gee ney se ita, ‘The final sock forthe nun stationery shops forthe previous class discussion is now 6 87 uw) represented ty the at X= ai iy ‘88 84 126 ‘Ater one month, the boss finds that the stock of pens leit & given by {30 24 98 6t 67 17 1. How do you subtact matrix fern matrix X a give the quanity ofthe pens of cach brand that were sold? rite eH aad wows) (ea ous {8-30 87-24 19-__ a Eipteaennee Hence, when we subtract ene marx ftom anche, we get anew mates whese elements ate the diference ofthe corresponding elements oF the two matrices 2. Do you think you can fod the difeence of two matrices if their orders are dlifereat? In genera, iftwo matrices A and B have the same order then A ~B is obtain by subtracting the corresponding elements of B from A, 8 4 we pow gee roe fandBe| y = |,thena-B=] roy soz tu ab tea eb oxroRnWorked (Simple Adeition and Subtraction of Matrices! Brample (st}e(sF}e(e 5] “a3 D=| 6 2 |, evaluate exch ofthe following if os possible. Hit not possible, explain wy @AB WABC | CD =~ as) cant (6 C-Dis not possible because Cand D have diferent orders. wwe(Sthe(S e}e(2 sj-(2) were wrresn ons 2. The maths ofa Mathematis test and a Scionce test oe hee students are shown in matixP. The tral possible score for each testi 50 marks. Raj Ethan Farhan 4939) Mathematics ast | Science Inthe second test for Mathematics and for Science, Raj scores 46 marks for Mathematics and 42 muvks for Science, than scoms 40 marks for Mathematics and 38 matks for Science, and Farhan scores 31. miele for ‘Mathematics and 35 marks fr Selenee. (Express the marks forthe second test by using the matric @ with the same cnder as. Find the mavix P+, Gi) Explain what the numbers in the mat in represent 0 imeiExercise — s)-(-6)4(3) o oxrorn3. The marks of a Mathemates test and an Erlich test for three students are shown in mtr P The total possible score foreach tests $0 marks Nora Shirley Amirah pf 4 38 29) Mathamaties 3» a6) English Jn the second test for Mathematics and. for Engl, Nora scores 42 marks for Mathomaties and 33 marks for English, Shirley stoees 35 marks for Mathematics and 401 marks for English, ancl Amirah scores 38 marks for Mathematics and 37 marks for English, (i) Express the marks forthe seconel est by using ‘the matrix Q with the same orion a5 Find the matix P+ Q. ) Explain what the ruber inthe mati in represent =| 9 2 | tnd the value of each of the 4 following. O Ave Ben ip Be ow co Ww Armeo) wb Aree ja-(5 a] 5 ste CONE n 6 Thestocks for Chinese, Malay and Tail textbooks forSecondary 1,2,3,4 and Sina school bookshop fon 18 December and 1 January are shown i matric A and matrix B respectively. Sect Sec2 Sec’ Sec4 See 5 240 210 195 308 195 ) Chinese 98 120 116 102100 | Malay to 94 132 12 10 | Tamil ‘Sec 1 Sec 2 Sec 3 See 4 Sec § 4 1B 5 I at | Chinese a} 2 9 1713 | Malay m4 2 21 8 | Tami Between 1* December and 1* January, no new socks ofthese books arid at he bookshop. (i) Find the matrix AB Explain what dhe nurbers fo the matic in @) represent,