KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION (PART 2) CT017-3-1-IAI

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Question 1

Healthy food is full of vitamins as well as being full of protein.

Write a production rule in psuedo-code that matches this information.

<full of vitamins> AND <full of protein>

Question 2

If the night sky is clear in wintertime, it usually means that there will be frost lying in the morning.
Write a production rule in pseudo-code to represent the information above.

IF <the night sky is clear in wintertime>

THEN <there will be frost lying in the morning>

Question 3

Represent the following information as a set of attribute–value pairs in a factor table.

Cirrus clouds are examples of high-level clouds. They are wispy clouds that indicate that it will rain soon.
Altocumulus is a medium-level cloud that forms a thick layer, blocking out the sun although rain is
unlikely.
Nimbostratus is a low-level cloud that forms a flat, featureless layer and indicates that rain is likely.

Cloud Type Form

Cirrus High-level Wispy
Altocumulus Medium level A thick layer
Nimbostratus Low level A flat, featureless layer

Question 4

Represent the following knowledge using a semantic net.

All expert systems have expertise, symbolic reasoning, handle difficult problem domains and examine
their own reasoning.
Expert systems can be categorised into several application types of which interpretation, diagnosis,
design and monitoring are four such categories.

Examples of interpretation systems are Dendral and Puff.

Examples of diagnostic systems are Mycin, Prospector and Ace. An example of a design system is
Palladio. Examples of monitoring systems are Reactor and Anna.

have
Expert systems expertise
categories

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Interpreration
monitoring design diagnosis

Question 5

Represent the following knowledge using a semantic net.

All vehicles have certain common features. They all have wheels, an engine, a driver and need to have
vehicle excise duty paid. There are, of course, other common features.

Vehicles can be split into three categories, private cars and vans, public service vehicles and heavy goods
vehicles.
Private cars and vans have seats for up to eight passengers and have only four wheels. Examples of
private cars are the Ford Mondeo and the Vauxhall Astra. Public service vehicles have seats for nine
passengers or more and have a specially qualified driver. Examples of public service vehicles are
coaches and minibuses. A Ford Transit is an example of a minibus. Heavy goods vehicles have a load
capacity over three tons, have more than four wheels and have a driver with a HGV licence. An example
of a heavy goods vehicle is an articulated lorry .

Vehicle

Private cars ex Public service vehicles Heavy goods

have have have example

- 8 passengers ex -9 passengers. – 3 tons

-Ford or Vauxhall - Coaches or Minibus - articulated lorry

Example
Ford transit

Question 6

Represent the following knowledge using frames.

A microcomputer system has a Pentium II processor with a speed of 350 MHz. It has a memory size of 64
Mb and is fitted with a network card so that it can be connected to a network.

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It has a keyboard and mouse as input devices and a monitor, loudspeakers and printer as output
devices. It has a floppy disk drive, a hard disk drive and a CD-ROM drive as backing storage devices.

Printers come in two main types and are used to produce hard copy of computer output. Ink-jet printers
are slow, can produce colour and are cheap to buy but expensive to run.
Laser printers are fast, produce black and white or colour output and are expensive to buy but cheap to
run.

Microcomputer
Pentium II processor

350 MHz. 64Mb Network card. Input devices. Output devices Backing storage

CD-ROM

Keyboard. Mouse. Loudspeaker Printer. Floppy. Hard disk

Ink-jet Laser

Slow. Colour cheap expensive

Fast. Black and White

Question 7

Represent the following knowledge using frames.

Canada is a country consisting of ten provinces of which the westernmost is British Columbia. It occupies
the northern part of North America and has an area of almost 10 million square kilometres with a
population of 26 million. Languages used are English and French and the currency is the Canadian dollar.

British Columbia is a province of Canada with a land area of 950,000 square kilometres and a population
of 3.5 million. Its capital is Victoria but its largest city is Vancouver. Its natural resources are minerals,
timber and fisheries.

Minerals are obtained by deep mining or quarrying. They consist of ores that are used directly such as
sand and gravel or from which metals such as gold, copper or iron are extracted.
Show the links between your frames.

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Canada

British Columbia 10 square km 26 million population. English language Canadian

dollar

950,000 square km. 3.5 million population. Capital: Victoria Natural Resources

Minerals Timber Fisheries

Obtained Consist

Deep mining Quarrying. Oreo. Metal

Sand Gravel. Gold Iron copper

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