PC-REII312.

Requirements for this paper/Benodighede vir hierdie vraestel: Resources/Hulpmiddels:

Answer Scripts/ Multi-choice cards (A4)/

Antwoordskrifte: X Multikeusekaarte (A4)
Attendance Slips (Fill-in Paper)/ Graph Paper/
Presensiestrokies (Invulvraestel): GrafiekPapier
Scrap Paper/ Calculators/
Rofwerkpapier Sakrekenaars X
Multi-choice cards (A5)/ Laptop (Power not provided)/
Multikeusekaarte (A5) Skootrekenaar (Krag word nie voorsien nie)

Type of Assessment/ Duration/ 3 Hrs 00 Min

Tipe Assessering:
Exam Opportunity:1 Tydsduur:

Paper Number/ Maximum Marks/ 151

1
Vraestel Nommer: Maksimum Punte:

Module Code/ Module Description/

REII312 NETWORK FUNDAMENTALS
Modulekode: Module Beskrywing:

Examiner(s)/ Herman Blackie-PC; Date/ 2019/06/14

Eksaminator(e): Datum:

Time/
Tyd: 14:00
Internal/Interne
Albert Helberg-PC;
Moderator(s): Qualification/
Kwalifikasie: B.Eng
External Moderator(s)/ Reolyn Heymann
Eksterne Moderator(s):

Submission of answer scripts/Inhandiging van antwoordskrifte: ORDINARY

Question 1 / Vraag 1

Name and describe the four fundamental characteristics of an effective data communications
system. / Noem en beskryf die vier fundamentele eienskappe van ‘n effektiewe data-kommunikasie
sisteem.

(8)

Question 2 / Vraag 2

Name and describe each layer of the TCP/IP protocol suite. As part of your description, make
mention of the packets and address names at each layer. / Noem en beskryf elke vlak van die TCP/IP
protokol suite. As deel van jou beskrywing, verwys na die pakkie en adres name wat van toepassing
is op elke vlak.

(15)

Question 3 / Vraag 3

Briefly describe the main causes of signal impairments in a transmission medium. Make use of a
sketch as part of your answer. / Beskryf kortliks die hoof oorsake van sein degradering in ‘n
transmissie medium. Maak gebruik van ‘n skets as deel van jou antwoord.

(9)

Question 4 / Vraag 4

Given the following line coding schemes. Derive the respective bit stream. / Gegee die volgende lyn
kodering skemas. Lei die gepaste bus stroom af.

a) NRZ-L

REII 312: Paper No./Vraestel Nr. 1 | Exam 1st opp/Eksamen 1e gel | /Full-time/Voltyds 1/5
 b) Differential Manchester

(6)

Question 5 / Vraag 5

Determine the average baud rate for each of the following line codes. Assume that the data rate is
54 Mbps and a case factor of 0.5. / Bereken die gemiddelde baud tempo vir elkeen van die volgende
lynkodes. Aanvaar dat die data tempo 54 Mbps is en 'n “case factor” van 0.5.

a) NRZ-L
b) Differential Manchester
c) 2B1Q

(6)

Question 6 / Vraag 6

Consider an FHSS system with a channel bandwidth, 𝐵 = 4𝑘𝐻𝑧 and a spreaded bandwidth 𝐵'' =
320𝑘𝐻𝑧. / Beskou ‘n FHSS sisteem met ‘n kanaal bandwydte, 𝐵 = 4𝑘𝐻𝑧, en ‘n gespreide bandwydte,
𝐵'' = 320𝑘𝐻𝑧.

a) How many hopping sequences are used in the system? / Hoeveel hop sekwensies word in
die sisteem gebruik? (2)
b) What is the minimum number of bits needed to represent the pseudorandom number
sequences in the frequency table? / Wat is die minimum aantal bisse wat benodig is om die
pseudo-ewekansige nommer sekwensie in die frekwensie table voor te stel? (2)

(4)

Question 7 / Vraag 7

The dataword 1101 is transmitted, and a Hamming (7,4) code is used to enable forward error
correction. / Die datawoord 1101 word versend, en ‘n Hamming (7,4) kode word gebruik vir
foutkorreksie.

Make use of the generator and parity matrix, or the parity equation method. / Maak gebruik van die
generator en pariteit matriks, of die pariteitsvergelykings metode.

p1 p2 d1 p3 d2 d3 d4

REII 312: Paper No./Vraestel Nr. 1 | Exam 1st opp/Eksamen 1e gel | /Full-time/Voltyds 2/5
 a) Calculate the codeword that will be transmitted. / Bereken die kodewoord wat versend sal
word. (4)
b) After transmission over a noisy channel, the receiver node receives the following: 1011101.
Calculate the syndrome. / Na versending oor ’n kanaal met geraas, ontvang die ontvanger
node die volgende: 1011101. Bereken die sindroom. (4)
c) Which bit in the received codeword is corrupt? / Watter bis in die kodewoord is foutief? (2)

1 1 0 1
⎡1 0 1 1⎤
⎢1 0 0 0⎥⎥ 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
⎢
𝐺 ≔ ⎢0 1 1 1⎥ ; 𝐻 ≔ 60 1 1 0 0 1 17
⎢0 1 0 0⎥ 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
⎢0 0 1 0 ⎥
⎣0 0 0 1⎦

In terms of Hamming distance: / In terme van Hamming afstand:

d) What is Hamming distance? / Wat is Hamming afstand? (2)

e) What is it used for and why? / Waarvoor en waarom word dit gebruik? (2)
f) What is the expression for the relationship between minimum Hamming distance and error
detection capability? Declare all symbols used. / Wat is die uitdrukking vir die verwantskap
tussen minimum Hamming afstand en foutopsporingvermoë? Verklaar alle simbole
gebruik. (2)
g) What is the expression for the relationship between minimum Hamming distance and error
correction capability? Declare all symbols used. / Wat is die uitdrukking vir die verwantskap
tussen minimum Hamming afstand en foutkorreksie vermoë? Verklaar alle simbole gebruik.
(2)

(18)

Question 8 / Vraag 8

Alice wants to send Bob a secret message. Make use of a Caesar additive shift cipher with a key of
12. Show all the steps followed. / Alice wil vir Bob ‘n geheime boodskap stuur. Maak van ‘n “Caesar”
bytellende skuif-syfer met ‘n sleutel van 12 gebruik. Wys alle stappe.

You may ignore the encoding of the spaces between the words. / U mag die enkodering van die
spasies tussen woorde ignorer.

Message / Boodskap:

CAN WE HAVE LUNCH TOMORROW

(10)

REII 312: Paper No./Vraestel Nr. 1 | Exam 1st opp/Eksamen 1e gel | /Full-time/Voltyds 3/5
Question 9 / Vraag 9

Explain what the differences are between packet switched and virtual-circuit switched networks. /
Verduidelik wat die verskille tussen pakkie-geskakelde en virtuele-stroombaan-geskakelde netwerke

(10)

Question 10 / Vraag 10

In terms of the ARP protocol: / In terme van die ARP protokol:

a) What is the meaning of the acronym ARP? / Waarvoor staan die akroniem ARP? (1)
b) What is the function of ARP? / Wat is die funksie van ARP? (2)
c) Give three prominent differences between an ARP-request and ARP-reply packet. / Noem
drie belangrike verskille tussen 'n ARP-request en ARP-reply pakkie. (6)

(9)

Question 11 / Vraag 11

Describe the operation of CSMA/CA using an appropriate flow diagram and written explanations. /
Beskryf die werking van CSMA/CA aan die hand van 'n gepaste vloeidiagram en geskrewe
beskrywings.

(20)

Question 12 / Vraag 12

You have captured a IEEE 802.11 frame with Wireshark. The frame contains, amongst other
information, the following information presented in the table below: / U het 'n IEEE 802.11 raam
opgeneem met Wireshark. Die raam bevat onder andere die volgende informasie soos aangedui in
die onderstaande tabel:

What do you infer from this, with regards to the frame? / Wat lei u hieruit af aangaande die raam?

To DS From DS Address 1 Address 2 Address 3 Address 4

0 0 00:1F:3C:15:67:DC 00:1F:3C:16:60:AB 00:1B:30:2F:60:D9 N/A

(8)

Question 13 / Vraag 13

Explain the difference between UDP and TCP by contrasting their properties. / Verduidelik wat die
verskil tuseen “UDP” en “TCP” is deur hulle eienskappe met mekaar te kontrasteer.

(10)

REII 312: Paper No./Vraestel Nr. 1 | Exam 1st opp/Eksamen 1e gel | /Full-time/Voltyds 4/5
Question 14 / Vraag 14

Explain the working and implementation of the Leaky Bucket algorithm at the hand of a sketch. /
Verduidelik die werking en implementering van die “Leaky Bucket” algoritme aan die hand van ‘n
skets.

(9)

Question 15 / Vraag 15

Consider the topology diagram of the network given in figure 1. A small company has 2 office sites
located at Pretoria and Johannesburg. You have been given the 192.168.200.0/23 address space
to use in your design. / Beskou die topologie diagram van die netwerk gegee in figuur 1. 'n Klein
maatskappy het 'n kantoor in Pretoria en 'n kantoor in Johannesburg. U word die 192.168.200.0/23
adres spasie gegee om te gebruik in u ontwerp.

The network requirements are as follows: / Die netwerk behoefte is soos volg:

• R&D LAN: 164 ports / poorte

• Marketing & PR LAN: 31 ports / poorte
• WAN link: Between PTA and JHB routers. / Tussen PTA en JHB roeteerders.
• Abovementioned host requirements does not include the address requirements for the router
interfaces in each network segment. / Bogenoemde gebruiker vereistes sluit nie die adres
vereistes vir die roeteerder koppelvlakke in die betrokke netwerk segment in nie.

R&D

S0/0/0 S0/0/0
FA0/0
FA0/0
Marketing & PR

PTA JHB

Figure / Figuur 1: Question 15 / Vraag 15

Design an IPv4 addressing scheme using VLSM that will accommodate the above mentioned
requirements in the smallest possible number of subnets. Use the table below as a starting point for
your design. / Ontwerp 'n IPv4 adressering skema met “VLSM” wat die bogenoemde netwerk
vereistes in die kleinste moontlike aantal “subnets” sal inpas. Gebruik onderstaande tabel as
vertrekpunt vir u ontwerp.

Subnet Network address & Subnet Subnet mask First host Last host Broadcast
Name mask (prefix notation) (dotted notation) address address address

(9)

EINDE VAN VRAESTEL /END OF PAPER

TOTAL/TOTAAL: 151

REII 312: Paper No./Vraestel Nr. 1 | Exam 1st opp/Eksamen 1e gel | /Full-time/Voltyds 5/5