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Chapter # 10 Simple Harmonic Motion & Waves

Short Questions
1. State Hooke’s Law. (LHR 2015)
Ans: According to Hooke’s Law, the force applied on the mass attach to spring is directly
proportional to the change in length ‘x’ of the spring.
F=−kx
2. Define restoring force.
Ans: A restoring force always pushes or pulls the object performing oscillatory motion
towards the mean position.
3. Define simple pendulum and write the formula of its time period. (LHR 2017)
Ans: A simple pendulum exhibits simple harmonic motion. It consists of a small bob of
mass ‘m’ suspended from a light string of length ‘l’ fixed at its upper end. The time period
of simple pendulum is:
l
T =2 π
√ g
4. Define Simple Harmonic Motion.
Ans: Simple harmonic motion occurs when the net force is directly proportional to the
displacement from the mean position and is always directed towards the mean position.
5. Write important characteristics of S.H.M. (LHR 2017,19)
Ans: Important features of SHM are summarized as:
 A body executing SHM always vibrates about a fixed position.
 Its acceleration is always directed towards the mean position.
 The magnitude of acceleration is always directly proportional to its displacement
from the mean position.
 Its velocity is maximum at the mean position and zero at the extreme positions.
6. With respect to simple pendulum, what is the difference between vibration and
amplitude? (LHR 2014)
Vibration Amplitude
(LHR 2017)
One complete round trip of a vibrating The maximum displacement of a vibrating
body about its mean position is called body on either side from its mean position
one vibration. is called its amplitude.

7. With respect to simple pendulum, differentiate between frequency and time period.
Time Period Frequency
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(LHR 2018) (LHR 2017)
The time taken by a vibrating body to The number of vibrations or cycles of a
complete one vibration is called time vibrating body in one second is called its
period. frequency. It is reciprocal of time period.
8. What is the Damped oscillation. (LHR 2020)
Ans: The oscillations of a system in the presence of some resistive force are damped
oscillation. Shock absorbers in automobiles are one practical application of damped
motion.
9. Define Wave. Write its types. (LHR 2018,20*)
Ans: A wave is a disturbance in the medium which causes the particles of the medium to
undergo vibratory motion about their mean position in equal intervals of time.
Two types of waves are: (i) Mechanical Waves (ii) Electromagnetic Waves
10.Differentiate between mechanical and electromagnetic waves.
Mechanical Waves Electromagnetic Waves
(LHR 2015,19)
Waves which require any medium for Waves which do not require any medium
their propagation are called mechanical for their propagation are called
waves. Its two types are longitudinal and electromagnetic waves.
transverse waves.
Example: Water waves, Sound Waves Example: Radio Waves, Light waves
11.What is meant by compression and rarefaction?
Ans: Compression: The regions where the loops of the spring are close together is
known as compression. (LHR 2019)
Rarefactions: The regions where the loops of the spring are spaced apart is known as
rarefactions.
12.Differentiate between longitudinal and transverse waves. (LHR 2014)
Longitudinal Waves Transverse Waves
(LHR 2017) (LHR 2016)
In longitudinal waves, the particles of the In case of transverse waves, the
medium move back and forth along the vibratory motion of particles of medium
direction of propagation of wave. is perpendicular to the direction of
propagation of waves.
Example: Sound Waves Example: Water waves

13.Derive the relation between speed, frequency and wavelength. (LHR 2019,20*)
OR Prove that v=fλ .
d
Ans: v=
t
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For one complete wave:

λ
v=
T
1
∴f =
T
v=fλ
14.What is meant by ripple tank? (LHR 2019,20)
Ans: Ripple tank is a device used to produce water waves and to demonstrate different
properties of water waves like reflection, refraction and diffraction.
15.Define reflection of waves.
Ans: When waves moving in one medium fall on the surface of another medium they
bounce back into the first medium such that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of
reflection.
16.Differentiate between refraction and diffraction of waves.
Refraction of waves Diffraction of waves
(LHR 2016,19) (LHR 2018)
When a wave from one medium enters The bending or spreading of waves around
into the second medium at some angle, the sharp edges or corners of obstacles or
its direction of travel changes. slits is called diffraction.

GOOD LUCK

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