Conditional clauses introduces by

when, unless... I wish... If only...

The conditional can be introduced by conjuctions other than if. A
dependent clause can begin with:

• when, to talk about conditions that are certain to happen.

When we finish our exams, we’ll go on trip to the seaside.

(it is certain that we will finish them)

• unless, to propose a negative condition, same as if...not.

They won’t show your exm results, unless you ask to see them.
(also: ..... If you don’t ask...)

Unless is followed by the verb in the affirmative form.

• provide (that), to highlight the idea of restriction or limitation. It is often used referring
to permissions.

You can have a sleepover at your friend’s, provided his parents

are at home.

• but for (we are translating as “Were it not for”.....)

But for your help, we wouldn’t never make it.

(also: if it weren’t for your help....)

• in case / just in case

In case we are late, don’t wait for us.

(also: Should we be late... / in case we should be late...)
To express wishes or dreams that are hard to fulfil, other that the
forms I would really like/ love to, the verb wish can be used
with the following srtuctures:

• wishes referring to present situation.

wish + past simple / past continuous or wish + could + base form of verb

I wish I were / was a maths genius.

I wish my son could play the violin.

We wish it wasn’t raining. (but it is raining)

wish + would + base form of verb is used only if we want someone else to do
something different.

I wish you would listen to me.

His parents wish he would stop smoking.

 • regrets, wishes referring to past situation now unchangable.

wish + past perfect

He wishes he had never met her.

I wish I hadn’t bought this computer. It’s causing me a

lot of trouble.
 The conjuction if only is used the following construction:

• to express desire, but also disappointment or regret for a present fact.

If only + past simple or would / could + base form of the verb

If only I could have glass of water.

If only she didn’t / wouldn’t cry.

• to express regrets regarding a past situation

If only + past perfect

If only I hadn’t said those words. (also: I wish I hadn’t said those words.)
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!!! 