Homework No.

5
Design of Experiments
Engineering Graduate School
Universidad de Cartagena
José Colina Márquez, PhD

Exercise No.1
An experiment was carried out for improving the yield of a chemical process. Four factors were chosen and a completely

a) Estimate the effects of the main factors and their interactions.

b) Build an ANOVA table and determine which factor and/or interaction are relevant to the yield.

Treatments Replicate
combination
SSTotal
I II
.(1) 90 93 91.5 2.25
a 74 78 76 4.00
b 81 85 83 4.00
ab 83 80 81.5 2.25
c 77 78 77.5 0.25
ac 81 80 80.5 0.25
bc 88 82 85 9.00
abc 73 70 71.5 2.25
d 98 95 96.5 2.25
ad 72 76 74 4.00
bd 87 83 85 4.00
abd 85 86 85.5 0.25
cd 99 90 94.5 20.25
acd 79 75 77 4.00
bcd 87 84 85.5 2.25
abcd 80 80 80 0.00
82.78125

Treatments
combination
Valor A B C AB

.(1) 183 -1 -1 -1 1
a 152 1 -1 -1 -1
b 166 -1 1 -1 -1
ab 163 1 1 -1 1
c 155 -1 -1 1 1
ac 161 1 -1 1 -1
bc 170 -1 1 1 -1
abc 143 1 1 1 1
d 193 -1 -1 -1 1
ad 148 1 -1 -1 -1
bd 170 -1 1 -1 -1
 abd 171 1 1 -1 1
cd 189 -1 -1 1 1
acd 154 1 -1 1 -1
bcd 171 -1 1 1 -1
abcd 160 1 1 1 1

EFFECTS SS SSError
A -9.063 2.567 116.621
B -1.313 0.054
C -2.688 0.226
AB 4.063 0.516
AC 0.688 0.015
BC -0.563 0.010

ABC -5.188 0.841

D 3.938 0.484
AD -2.188 0.150
BD -0.188 0.001
ABD 4.688 0.687
CD 1.688 0.089
ACD -0.938 0.027
BCD -0.938 0.027
ABCD 2.438 0.186
factors were chosen and a completely randomized experiment with replicates was run. The results are shown as follows:

ant to the yield.

SSTotal

2.25 Factor A 2
4.00 Factor B 2
4.00 Factor C 2
2.25 Factor D 2
0.25 n 2
0.25 N. 32
9.00
2.25
2.25
4.00
4.00
0.25
20.25
4.00
2.25
0.00
SST 122.50

AC BC ABC D AD BD ABD

1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1
-1 1 1 -1 -1 1 1
1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1
-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
-1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1
1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1
-1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1
1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1
1 1 -1 1 -1 -1 1
-1 1 1 1 1 -1 -1
1 -1 1 1 -1 1 -1
-1 -1 -1 1 1 1 1
-1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1
1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1
-1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Ho: τ1=τ2=τ3=τ4= 0
H1: at least one τ ≠ 0
Analysis of variance for yield of a chemical process

Variation Sum of Degrees of Mean

Fo Fc
source squares freedom square

A 2.567 1 2.57 0.35 4.49

B 0.054 1 0.05 0.01 4.49

C 0.226 1 0.23 0.03 4.49

AB 0.516 1 0.52 0.07 4.49

AC 0.015 1 0.01 0.00 4.49

BC 0.010 1 0.01 0.00 4.49

ABC 0.841 1 0.84 0.12 4.49

D 0.484 1 0.48 0.07 4.49
AD 0.150 1 0.15 0.02 4.49
BD 0.001 1 0.00 0.00 4.49
ABD 0.687 1 0.69 0.09 4.49
CD 0.089 1 0.09 0.01 4.49
ACD 0.027 1 0.03 0.00 4.49
BCD 0.027 1 0.03 0.00 4.49
ABCD 0.186 1 0.19 0.03 4.49
Error 116.621 16 7.29
Total 122.500 31
hown as follows:

CD ACD BCD ABCD A B C AB

1 -1 -1 1 -183 -183 -183 183

1 1 -1 -1 152 -152 -152 -152
1 -1 1 -1 -166 166 -166 -166
1 1 1 1 163 163 -163 163
-1 1 1 -1 -155 -155 155 155
-1 -1 1 1 161 -161 161 -161
-1 1 -1 1 -170 170 170 -170
-1 -1 -1 -1 143 143 143 143
-1 1 1 -1 -193 -193 -193 193
-1 -1 1 1 148 -148 -148 -148
-1 1 -1 1 -170 170 -170 -170
 -1 -1 -1 -1 171 171 -171 171
1 -1 -1 1 -189 -189 189 189
1 1 -1 -1 154 -154 154 -154
1 -1 1 -1 -171 171 171 -171
1 1 1 1 160 160 160 160
CONTRASTS -145 -21 -43 65

P-value

0.56
0.93
0.86
0.79
0.96 Given that the four factors and their interactions
0.97 presented a Fo <Fc, the null hypothesis that
establishes that the effects of the treatments are
0.74 equal cannot be rejected. And since these factors
and their interactions have a p-value> 0.05, it is
0.80 stated that they do not have a statistically
0.89 significant effect on the pyield of a chemical
process studied, with a confidence level of 95.0%.
0.99
0.76
0.91
0.95
0.95
0.88
AC BC ABC D AD BD ABD CD

183 183 -183 -183 183 183 -183 183

-152 152 152 -152 -152 152 152 152
166 -166 166 -166 166 -166 166 166
-163 -163 -163 -163 -163 -163 -163 163
-155 -155 155 -155 155 155 -155 -155
161 -161 -161 -161 -161 161 161 -161
-170 170 -170 -170 170 -170 170 -170
143 143 143 -143 -143 -143 -143 -143
193 193 -193 193 -193 -193 193 -193
-148 148 148 148 148 -148 -148 -148
170 -170 170 170 -170 170 -170 -170
-171 -171 -171 171 171 171 171 -171
-189 -189 189 189 -189 -189 189 189
154 -154 -154 154 154 -154 -154 154
-171 171 -171 171 -171 171 -171 171
160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160
11 -9 -83 63 -35 -3 75 27
ACD BCD ABCD

-183 -183 183

152 -152 -152
-166 166 -166
163 163 163
155 155 -155
-161 161 161
170 -170 170
-143 -143 -143
193 193 -193
-148 148 148
170 -170 170
-171 -171 -171
-189 -189 189
154 -154 -154
-171 171 -171
160 160 160
-15 -15 39
Exercise No.2
A bacteriologist is interested in the effects of two different culture media and two different times on the growth
randomizing the experimental runs. Analyze the viral growth data presented as follows and enunciate adequat
relevant to the yield

Culture medium
Time, h
1 2
21 22 25 26
23 28 24 25
12
20 26 29 27

37 39 31 34

18 38 38 29 33

35 36 30 35

A: Time, h 2
B: Culture
medium 2
Y: growth of a
particular
virus (n) 6
N 24 295.02083 4.6875
295.02083 4.6875
590.04167 9.37500

SSA 590.0417 SSE

Resume SSB 9.3750 SSAB

SST 793.6250
Ho: τ1=τ2=τ3=τ4= 0
H1: at least one τ ≠ 0
Analysis of variance for the growth of a particular virus

Variation Sum of Degrees of Mean

Fo
source squares freedom square
Treatments A:
590.041667 1 590.04167 121.28100
Time, h
Treatments B:
9.375000 1 9.37500 1.92700
Culture medium

Interaction 92.041667 1 92.04167 18.91884

Error 102.166667 21 4.86508

Total 793.625000 24
ent times on the growth of a particular virus. He carries out six replicates of a 2^2 factorial design,
and enunciate adequate conclusions. Build an ANOVA table and to determine which factors are

Culture medium
Time, h 1 2

12 23.333 26.000
24.667
18 37.167 32.000 34.583

30.250 29.000 29.625

SSTotal SSError

74.3906 58.1406 21.3906 13.1406 5.4444

43.8906 2.6406 31.6406 21.3906 0.1111
92.6406 13.1406 0.3906 6.8906 11.1111
54.3906 87.8906 1.8906 19.1406 0.0278
70.1406 70.1406 0.3906 11.3906 0.6944
28.8906 40.6406 0.1406 28.8906 4.6944
SST 793.6250

102.1667

92.0417
 Fc P-value Given that factor A (time) and the interactions between tim
have their Fo> Fc, the null hypothesis that establishes that
4.32479 0.00000 rejected. In this way, it can be stated that both the time and
two study factors have a significant effect on the growth of
4.32479 0.17964 the culture medium does not show a significant impact o
Furthermore, given that the time factor and the interaction
stated that they have a statistically significant effect on th
4.32479 0.00028 growth) with a confidence level of 95
Similarly, it is evident that time (12 and 18 h) is the one that
the growth of the virus studied.
 SSError

1.7778 1.0000 0.0000

21.7778 4.0000 1.0000
7.1111 9.0000 1.0000
3.3611 1.0000 4.0000
0.6944 9.0000 1.0000
1.3611 4.0000 9.0000
SSE 102.1667
) and the interactions between time and the culture medium
ll hypothesis that establishes that the treatments are equal is
be stated that both the time and the interactions between the
gnificant effect on the growth of the virus studied. However,
es not show a significant impact on the response variable.
he time factor and the interactions have a p-value <0.05, it is
atistically significant effect on the response variable (virus
wth) with a confidence level of 95.0%.
ime (12 and 18 h) is the one that has the greatest influence on
the growth of the virus studied.