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The gulf stream and global warming ielts reading answers pdf

|| William Curry is a serious, sober climatologist, not an art critic. But he spent a lot of time perusing the famous painting by Emanuel Gottlieb Leutz George Washington, crossing Delaware, which depicts a boat of colonial American soldiers who, the day after Christmas 1776, attack British and Hessian troops. Most people think these other guys in boat are
rowing, but they're actually pushing the ice away, says Curry, tapping his finger on the reproduction picture. Of course, the leading oars bashing the frozen river with its boot. I grew up in Philadelphia. The place in this picture is 30 minutes away by car. I can tell you, this just doesn't happen anymore. But it may be back soon. And ice scenes like those
immortalized by 16th-century Flemish artist Peter Bruegel the Elder may also return to Europe. His works, including the 1565 masterpiece Snow Hunters, make the now-moderate European landscapes more like Lapland. Such cold settings were common in the period, dating from about 1300 to 1850, because much of North America and Europe was in the
throes of a small ice age. And now there is more and more evidence that the cold may come back. A growing number of scientists believe that the conditions for another long cooling, or a small ice age, have matured. While no one predicts a brutal ice sheet like the one that covered the Northern Hemisphere with glaciers about 12,000 years ago, the next
cooling trend could drop the average temperature of 5 degrees Fahrenheit across much of the United States and 10 degrees in Northeast, Northern Europe and North Asia. That could happen in 10 years, said Terrence Joyce, who heads the Woods Hole Physical Oceanography Department. Once that happens, it can take hundreds of years to reverse. And
he is dismayed that Americans still don't take this threat seriously. Falling 5-10 degrees entails much more than just bumping into the thermostat and further. Economically and environmentally, such rapid and constant cooling can have devastating consequences. A 2002 report titled Sudden Climate Change: Inevitable Surprises, prepared by the National
Academy of Sciences, cost only agricultural losses of $100 billion to $250 billion, and predicted that environmental damage could be enormous and incalculable. A grim pattern: deforestation, increased housing costs, reduced fresh water, reduced crop yields and accelerated species extinction. The reason for such huge effects is simple. Rapid climate
change is saifing far more disruption than slow. People, animals, plants and the economy that depends on them as reporter: For example, the high water in the river will pose several problems until the water flows over the shore, after dams can be disturbed and massive flooding can occur. Many biological processes are undergoing shifts at certain
temperature and precipitation thresholds. Political changes, having manifested themselves in recent ice ages, can significantly increase the survival of the world's poor. In previous cooling periods, entire tribes simply picked up and moved south, but this option does not work in the modern, tense world of closed borders. To the extent that dramatic climate
change can lead to rapid and extensive changes in fate for those living beyond their land, the inability to migrate can eliminate one of the main social safety nets for problem people, the report said. But first of all. Isn't the land really heating up? Indeed, it is, says Joyce. In his cluttered office, full of soft light from a misty Cape Cod morning, he explains how
such warming can be the surprising culprit of the next mini-ice age. The irony is that over the past 30 years, huge rivers of fresh water - the equivalent of a 10-foot layer - mixed into the salty sea have appeared in the North Atlantic. No one is sure where the fresh streams come from, but the main suspect is the melting of Arctic ice caused by the accumulation
of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, which traps solar energy. The trend of fresh water is the main news in ocean scientific circles. Bob Dixon, a British oceanographer who sounded the alarm at a February conference in Honolulu, called the drop in salinity and temperature in the Labrador Sea - a body of water between northeastern Canada and Greenland
that adjoins the Atlantic - perhaps the biggest full of profound changes seen in the current instrumental oceanographic record. This trend could lead to a small ice age, undermining the northern penetration into the waters of the Gulf Stream. Typically, the Gulf Stream, laden with heat, soaked in the tropics, wriggles up the east coast of the United States and
Canada. When the stream flows north, the stream gives heat into the air. Because the prevailing North Atlantic winds blow to the east, a lot of heat wafting to Europe. That's why many scientists believe that winter temperatures on the continent are 36 degrees Fahrenheit warmer than in North America at the same latitude. Cold Boston, for example, is almost
at the same latitude as soft Rome. And some scientists say the heat also warms Americans and Canadians. It's a real mistake to think of it solely as a European phenomenon, says Joyce. By giving its heat into the air, now the colder water becomes denser and plunges into the North Atlantic for a mile or more in the process oceanographers call thermohaline
circulation. This massive column of cascading cold is the main power engine of the deep-sea current named the Great Ocean Pipeline that snakes across all the world's oceans. But as the North Atlantic fills with fresh water, water, becomes less dense, making the waters transferred to the north by the Gulf stream less able to sink. The new mass of relatively
fresh water is at the top of the ocean like a large thermal blanket, threatening thermohaline circulation. This, in turn, can make the Gulf Stream slow or turn south. At some point, the whole system might just shut down and do it quickly. There is growing evidence that we are getting closer to the transition point from which we can move to a new state. ielts
academic reading test image credit: 123rf.comEffect of global warming - sea level rises alarmingly. Global Warming and SeaWater FloodA Two major and significant problems of scientists as well as coastal communities are the Global Warming and SeaWater Flood caused by it. Flooding in seawater destroys a lot of wealth and cleanes up lives on a regular
basis for years. Whatever measures have been taken so far to contain or reduce global warming and reduce the likelihood of flooding have thus failed to make significant changes or impacts on the larger problem. The sea water level is rising sharply, it is believed that it is necessary to take immediate measures to curb the monster. If otherwise, the rampage
of global warming will intensify with time and destruction will continue, people will die, farmers will lose crops, habitat will be swept by salty sea water around the coastline. The effect will be huge and widespread across the planet. Worldwide, seawater levels are eight inches higher than in 1980. What scares the U.S. is that the rate of seawater rising is too
fast around the U.S. coast and the Gulf of Mexico. Another horrifying fact is that global warming accelerates seawater levels directly, thereby increasing the risk of flooding in the low areas surrounding the coast. Coastal areas vulnerable to flooding C Global warming is the main cause of seawater rise and increased sea current water. Communities around the
U.S. east coast and the Gulf Coast have been under stunning threat for the past 30 years or more, they have just managed to survive under terrible sea rage. According to scientists, human activities like burning coal and destroying natural rainforests by cutting down trees mercilessly, thereby opening the earth's surface and causing traps for heat-generating
gases, the more such gases absorbed by the Earth's surface global warming will be more alarming. Year after year, the increase in global temperature leads to an increase in sea and ocean water levels, an increase in temperature, which leads to an increase in the volume of water, which leads to flooding of coastal areas, in a minor cyclone or earthquake.
Sea water levels will rise alarmingly in the next century D This global warming has also caused a reduction in the reduction Ice, which leads to a further rise in temperature. Survey work found beyond The Land of Ice, glaciers, ice caps, and ice sheets are shrinking very quickly with rising global temperatures and thus causing sea and ocean water to expand in
volume and pose a threat to life and communities living near coastal areas. Researchers say seawater levels will rise alarmingly in the next century. However, the current rate of growth is quite alarming. We cannot compensate for the damage done so far, but we can try to protect our present and future by ensuring less global warming. The terrible report
prepared by scientists is that if the rise in global temperatures cannot be significantly controlled by 2050, we may have to face terrible situations, like permanent flooding, in different places on earth. Coastal erosion - The main land is extremely associated with the projected 6.6-foot increase in sea level by 2100 than was discovered in 1992 (in some parts of
the world). This data is quite frightening for those who know the possible result, as the sea water level is rising faster than expected. Another terrible news is that the huge losses in the volume of ice in Greenland and West Antarctica, will cause a terrible impact on the rise of sea water in the long run. The vast U.S. population, about 100 million people, lives in
coastal areas that are too vulnerable to flooding due to rising seawater. These coastal areas are part of coastal states such as Louisiana, Florida, Northern and Southern California. These areas are prone to flooding; there are also two other major problems, one coastal erosion and the other erosion under the mainland.6 The U.S. is threatened by huge
property losses due to floodF Often coastal storms cause a surge of seawater, and if there is strong wind heading toward the coast, it pushes water to the mainland, causing flooding and severe sea damage to homes and taking lives if not evacuated in time. Scientists have declared another terrible fact that numerous low-lying lands near the sea or ocean are
delayed to go under constant flooding gradually under seawater. In addition, the study says that raising another two feet of seawater levels would result in the U.S. more than $1 trillion, counting the total damage caused by it. Drinking water could also get salty if seawater growth enters further into coastal areas, leading to huge losses to agriculture as well.
No permanent solutions found to curb Global Warming'G action should be taken to reduce global warming and ensure security as much as possible. Next protection process, like protecting coastal areas in many ways. The old defensive way sandbags, large boulders, walls guarding buildings around the sea, may be temporary solutions, but will not be long
enough. Planting mangroves around the sea coast will curb erosion to some extent. But, according to scientists, there is no single solution that would be permanent. The global warning must be dealt with with extreme caution, the damage that has already been done cannot be reversed, but further damage must be prevented to ensure undesirable flooding of
land causing victims and damage to property. IELTS Academic Reading Test (Part 2) (You don't have to spend more than 20 minutes on this part, since the third part may take longer to complete)This part contains 14 questions bearing one mark each, so overall, you get 14 marks at maximum for all the correct answers. Issues 1-7 The first seven paragraphs
of the A-G reading pass. Select the best appropriate headlines for A-G paragraphs from the headline list below. List Headlines.i Global Warming - Seawater Floodii Erosion of the coastline - The main land is extremely hard-line planting mangroves around the sea coast will curb erosion to some extent the level of seawater will grow alarmingly in the next
centuryv U.S. at risk of huge loss of property from Because of flooding Coastal areas vulnerable to flood seas water level rises sharplyAnswers:1) Item I2) Item B vii3) Item C vi4) Item D iv5) Item E ii6) Item F v7) Item G iiiIELTS Tips : A hyphenated word is considered as one word, for example: - Short-term quarters 8-10 Complete each of the following
statements with a suitable word, choosing from a reading passage. 8) Seawater levels are an inch higher than 1980.9 years of ice in _________And West Antarctica,10), which will lead to an increase of two feet of seawater ____of, That will cause the U.S. to grow by more than 1 _____dollarAnswer 8: Worldwide 8 Answer 9: Huge Losses, GreenlandAnswer
10: Level, Trillion Questions 11-14White If the following statements, the data is in line, agree with the information given in the Reading Passage. Write in boxes 11-14 on the Answer Sheet you give. YES, if this statement fully agrees with the proposals in Reading Passage.NO if this statement does not correspond at all to any proposal reading Passage.NOT
GIVEN, if this proposal is not found at all in Reading Passage.11) 'Huge losses' in the volume of ice in Greenland and West Antarctica, will cause terrible False12) Planting pine trees around the sea coast will curb the tsunami Not considering 13) the rate of sea water rise too quickly around the U.S. coast and the Gulf of Mexico True14) numerous lowland
lands near the sea or ocean delayed to go under the constant flooding TrueAs I mentioned that you will face 3 Reading tests with increasing difficulty. Now note that there are 14 questions asked in this piece, so it makes sense not to regret more than one minute for answering one question. Counting the questions part-1 and part 2 that we see that in Part 1
and 14 questions in Part-2, which is 27 questions, means 27 marks. So, in the last part, i.e. in Part 3, there would be 13 questions with a total of 1 mark each. IELTS Academic Reading Part 2 is clearly not very difficult to answer; so intelligent candidates should try to get full scores in the reading test to take advantage of the higher-scoring range as a whole.
Originally published as 2017-08-06 14:01:39 Comments are closed. Closed. the gulf stream and global warming ielts reading answers mini ielts. the gulf stream and global warming ielts reading answers pdf. the gulf stream and global warming reading answers key mini ielts

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