SECOND EDITION SDP = ———— meLearning Objectives Pomme nnd To pals Nereis Cn 1 + Sagat ny tre + Personality types «+ Gerunds and inktves changes Word Sl: in meaning + Deserve peoples pesonaiies MENS by poste and New { Gemppepecnes one Segue mesg = 7 + Shorea echang * Gerunds ad ines: Perspectives” espmvence tec ea titer page? parla sth geronds and Petes * Das the manicyoutiten to» Ceres of mui +The present prec and the 2 * Explain the role of music in * Desenbing creative present perfect continuous: youre personales, fred or nied ations Musical + Ducitbe a cutive Word Stitt: + Noun clauses { Ducussthe benemsot made Wort Sil Moods sonenteeee | age 4 > iced id unichad sone Be ary «The pt parect continous + Grammar for Writing: noun Gaeer as cjecive and complements Tak sboutyourtincil gout» txpresing byersvemone ___» Fur plans and fined sce + apres buyers remove * Desatbng pending habs tclons ‘(Dace your speniing hubs | | Canty and reese Ti past unreal condtona Money + Dicuss eon for chantabie inverted fr sing Matters == 26 + The future continous ; vee The tire pert continous 4 + Dicuss approprate dese * Descbing fashion and sve» Quaniers { Conmenonaslon and syle Wera suite ‘lute waystochangeones MamtSHME == ’ Looking pee ) © Cuevas sever = Bats appearance fo ac a le nd ie Good ‘self-esteem = Using of 38 5 Wot referents pags + Grammar for Writing: Subject vero agreement th unten wth of Poli asksomeone not to do__* Wiystowltan an objection __» Poseaves with gernds seating CMs iopetencetourty eterna «+ Complain about pubic sevice i Community [iyeaae en Prono + Dicus soa responutity SU Sng negative pein to * Conjunctons with so 120, page 50 Eieicvay ian pablo fom easrne basher orc ier + 56, too, nether, or ot eter short eponses ivee fee eieny inhaas enor iene aa rin Te ere een Tc scmewt ot GSR ae. | ees perce Ge ee See ee ae . See : a eee woreweltoaecse (ET sRanar cl pemecies (aes (OF a suggestion '* Content words and function conte words: Skills /strategies: ee erect Spe yw oa tes een Geen tes ee Re ee 2a * Use You know to introduce information and be less abrupt + Begin answers with Mell to introduce an opinion * Listen for Supporting details f * Intonation patterns + biography of Ludwig van Beethoven Skills/strategies: * Make personal comparisons * Aativate language from a text * Paral! structure + Stress the main verb to tnigohion mom Sa a a ieehtecte Bee ae ee vommvatat> eee ean is os Eoeian scent eco se anole reece ley Meng to carity = Newmans philanthropy — + Agree informally with ' Sentence rhythm Skills /strategies: serait —— sroriee io SS = = eo eee ne Set, (eee * scocos Son coe eens ee we aa. Eee a (3. pa dena es ving, = =a ee ceed eae adkriowledge only partial ‘areement + Buamine cultural expectations + Identity supporting details * Apply ideas + Use Do you mind to express concem that an intended ‘ction may offend + Use Actually 10 object pottely * Use expressions such as Lhage ‘thats not a problem to soften ‘an objection + Say Not ata to inccate a willingness to comply LUstening Skis: * Listen to summarize * Listen for details * Catia thinking f + Unstressed syllables ‘Texts: + Axgraph depicting world population changes + Interviews: pet peeves about public conduct + An interview about “megociies" Skills/strategies: * Interpret data from a graph + Expres your ideas + Contim content * Understand from context * afer information Task: + Complain about a problem ‘Skit: * Formal eters: revieworn Tot wees Se TEL rong «xchange opinions about the + Ways animal re used ot The pmsve vice with modsls 6 teetment of animals trates + Discus the benefits of + Describing pets =x Animals certain pets ‘+ Describing character traits, '* Modals and modal-like + Compare animal characters a page 62 ‘Debate the value of animal ee ” comenation * Give shopping ace * Describing low pres and * Pose forms of gerund and 7 * Dacust your reactions to ads” hgh prices inves { Renuede someone to buya + Shopping expressions ; Advertisin; product + Ways to persuade == 13. Baer comer shopping Grama for Weltings past and abt forms of gerund and inves Consumers page 74 Describe family wends * Gxampes of bad behavior + Repeated comparatves and 8 an co ee 5 Compare generations benavoe Family + Describe care forthe elderly Word skal: == Trends “Mecsas hoony Lopes eee compete page 86 Superlatives, nd comparisons wth abe ak + Specuate about the * Ways to say “Idort now" Indect speech th modal. outctaheordnany + Wags te exes certanny { pertect modal nthe passive j «+ Preset a teary about 8 cr ‘oc fr speclsing about History’s pst event + Using adjectives with the the past. Y + Bacus how beevabe Soe Mysteries storys == page 98 + Evaluate the trustworthiness sep kpeee eA ory) ‘tne sours * Grammar for Writing: other reporting verbs explant beramacfleauel) + Ways to exes tor and * Order of moder 0 activites featesnes + Describe hobbies and other Word Skil: === Your Free leer Using callocatons forse adverts of manner Ti ‘© Compare your use of leisure activities * Imtensitiers, ime time + Moding with adverbs page 110 + Dass the rkaking peronalty Pronunciation table / Irregular verbs... Stative verbs / Verbs followed by a gerund / Expressions that can be followed by a gerund........- page AS Verbs followed directly by an infinitive / Verbs followed by an object before an infinitive page A4 Adjectives followed by an infinitive... page Ad vientree cal istening, Reid feared panties Met + Use Lue beatd to introduce a Listening Skits: Texts: Tasks statement of popular opinion + Listen to actvate vocabulary + The Chinese Zoe + Express an opinion + Usedacaneshing to provide + Express and support an opinion + Adscuson board about the ‘on animal treatment ‘one reason among sevealin + Draw conclusions hhumare veatment of sims Wteing sl: supporting an argument + Make comparsons + An article about animal Persuasion + Use believe tar not 7 conservation to introduce surprising <== Skills /strategtes: information + Sound reduction value ideas, Understand trom context + Citeal thinking + Soften awish oF astatement of Listening Skis: Texts: Task: intent wth | think Pd He Usten to activate vocabulary interviews: reactions to ods + Explain an article + Respond with aothiag + Suppor reasoning with deals + A presentation of eight you read ‘acu o indicate indecision» Apply ideas ‘advertising techniques ‘sh ‘or avoid commtinent os + Armogazine ote about Summarize and + Make a suggesion by sing ‘compulsive shopping paraphrase another something * Vowel sounds skls/strategies: persons ideas * Say Otcautse to make an * Understand trom context Stemative answer stonger Peter + Relate to personal experience * Use Lhate to say it but to introduce unvelgome information + Respond with Lsuppose to indeate paral agreement + Use fut to introduce 3 dissenting opinion LUstening stalls: LUsten to apply grammar Listen to activate vocabulary + Make personal comparisons + Usten to summarize + Listen for details + Compate and contrast, * Crit thinking ar ‘Stress placement ‘Texts: ‘ Abrothure about fling bichrates + Anewspoper article about ‘China's eldety population + Case studies aging parents Skills/strategles: = Identity cause and effect + Summorize ‘nim content + Draw conclusions hoe oe ar ae oa Tal ee ae ns eee ee Sree =e a ee cee athe Weng esses ees fea eatin nts TITS inj anagion ‘would to confirm one’s own '* Reduction and linking '* Draw conclusions: =a i eas ee ome a eo = =o See rear Paar pee en a ee a a Oe Ee eeticaee eee Bee - emia SEE ere ee a SNe me ene ae ey ers Are cata, | *eemeiagand tcf eer = conchiions leniy supporting details sevens page A4 mene page G1 vitNeots cis 5 a, New Perspectives EY Topic Preview. Look at the map of the world. Where do you think the artists from? eon daa aed aS Se eee eed ie @ n LA Express Your Ideas. 1. What is unusual about the way the map depicts the world? 2. What do you think the artist is trying to say with the illustration? Is the artist being serious or funny? 20 units@) sound Bites. read and isten toa conversation Between two colleagues working temporarily in another country. GILBERT: Oh, man! Am Iready to head home! ANNA: Are you kidding? | can't get enough of this place. GILBERT: Well it's been three weeks, and I think Ive had about enough. I'm tired of eating strange food. ‘ANNA: Wow! | feel just the opposite. I can't get over how much enjoy being here, I ove how different the food is. GILBERT: Well, not me. And frankly it’ a pain in the neck having to work so hard to understand what people are saying to me. ANNA: actually think it’ fun trying to figure out how to communicate. Stop complaining! You'll be home before you know it! GILBERT: Fine by me. There's no place like home, ED Think and Explain. read the conversation again, With a partner, explain the meaning of each of the following statements. 1. “Am I ready to head home!” 2. “can't get enough of this place.” 3. “think I've had about enough.” 4. “Lcan‘t get over how much I enjoy being here.” 5. “It's a pain in the neck having to work so hard.” 6. "Ther no place like home.” identify supporting Details. Read each statement and with a partner decide who you think said it—Anna or Gilbert. Support your opinion with information from the conversation. “tma litle uncomfortable with places that are new to me.” “tlove trying new things. “Ipreterto stick closer to homme.’ 1 compare and Contrast. Discuss the questions. 1. How would you describe Anna’s and Gilbert’s personalities? How are they different? 2. Who are you more like, Gilbert or Anna? STARTING POINT Activate Language from a Text. Check which ofthe following statements you think you would make about foreign travel. Then compare and discuss opinions with a partner. CO “Ican’t get enough of visiting new and interesting places.” gua ton't nguage now the lanSuggest ways to enjoy life more EY. @ Grammar Snapshot. Read the atce and notice the use of fast, stan, and semember, As yostorive acento abt oss? estan eee oe Da Yu foetal yon Bethe o hotdes? Hive you stopped going out th Herd bores osu Do Foss cera i Yolen Yoel estou Peers clon Sowa tai oer ore (reverytion. Ln staoced eave 1. Did you r Here are some tips for restoring a healthy perspective, First, remember to make time for the important people in your life. Stop over scheduling and spend quality time with friends and family. Second, learn to eet, talk, walk, and drive mote slowly. And don't forget to turn your cell phone off sometimes, People who really want to tak to you will call back. Thicd, learn to lve in the present and step worrying ‘about the future. And finaly, take it easy and begin enjoying the simple things in lite. Stop to ‘smell tne roses, EE Relate to Personal Experience. Discuss the questions. ccognize yourself or someone you know in the article? Give examples. 2. Did you find the tips helpful? Why or why not? 4 unirtGrammar, Gerunds and infinitives: changes in meaning ‘Some verbs are followed by either a gerund or an infinitive with no change in meaning, ‘or example: love, hat, can't stan, lik, preter; bonin, start, conte. Begin enjoying the simple things in life. OR Begin to enjoy the simple things in lite. ‘Some verbs change meaning, depending on whether they are followed by a gerund or an infinitive. ‘remember + infinitive = remember to do something Remember to make time forthe important people in youre aa aetee onal enal we toee REMEMBER eee ee ee ie SR REEEE EE sore rain ee tarwestr etnies. | ‘Iremember having more time for myself, ‘Learn to live in the present. | seagate eee sonst am cloned oy ood oer forget nti « ret to do someig seme ohowedby oe Te opt eh ot ao Some veo tao ryt clon De Serge eet my ete | forget + gerund = forget something that happened inthe past For a complete ist of verbs flowed | Taco mip snaas he omtans ate aon fer aceon ce Can you ever forget going to the beach? _and infinitives, see page AS in the ‘slop + infinitive = stop in order to do something ‘Stop to smell the roses, Can you stop to pick up some chocolates forthe party? Cote daar ‘Stop + gerund = stop an ongoing action + Gerunds and infinitves: ‘Stop over-scheduling and spend ualty ime with ends and family. [— Yeu need to stop worying so much a Eee EX Grammar Practice. Complete each sentence with a gerund or an infinitive. Explain the meaning of each sentence. 1. Hl never forget (travel) abroad for the first time. » CoRebeepslanbspbpatts| 2. When I feel stressed out, I remember (put) things in perspective 3. You need to stop (try) to do everything at once. 4. If L forget (send) a card for a friend's birthday, I try to remember (call) 5. We forgot (buy) flowers, so we stopped (pick up) some on the way to the party. 6. Tremember (celebrate) holidays with my family when I was young: Cana YOU CAN Suggest ways to enjoy life more IB Notepadding. with a partner, write alist of ‘suggestions for what someone can do to enjoy. life more. Use remember, forget, and stop. Stop worrying about the smal things. ID Use the Grammar. share your ideas with your class or group. Using the information on your notepad, create alist of suggestions that everyone agrees with.Describe people’s personalities EY @) conversation Snapshot. Read and Ben. Notice the conversation strategies A: Have you had a chance to meet the new manager? Liz? Actually, no. Have you? Not yet. I wonder what she's like Well, everyone says she's bad news. ‘You know, you can't believe everything you hear. She might turn ‘out to be a real sweetheart. © rhythm and intonation practice ‘a sweetheart someone who is likable oss, who ‘a tyrant somcone, especially a bo ny to get along with makes people work extremely bard ‘a team player someone who works well ‘with other people so the whole group is successful |} workaholie someone who is always working fand does not have time for anything ‘pain in the neck someone who complains a [brain someone who is intelligent and can ee ee fot and ave probleme that are difficult fr others | LU people person ‘wise guy 0 aie, per Tone who tikes being || antes . Oe annoying thi vith and works well with other people TEN ert mse @tistening. infer Point of View. Listen carefully to the conversations about rople's personalities. Infer which expresion from the Vocabulary the speaker would Use to describe the person, 1. The woman thinks that Shelly is naswcctcet— babedin a pain tho neck 2. The woman thinks that Peter is a-aworkahotic bya tyrant € a team player 3.Th ‘man thinks that Paul is a team player b.apeople person ¢ awise guy 6 unirtEX Word skills. Classifying by Positive and Negative Meaning. Fillin the diagram with the adjectives in the box. Decide which adjectives describe personalities positively, negatively, or both, Add other adjectives you know. annoying funny lovable outgoing, silly easygoing hardworking modest professional smart friendly helpful nervous reliable talkative fun impolite offensive serious unfair Positive Both Negative Ti Associate Words and Ideas. with a partner, write adjectives from the chart you think match ‘each of the personality types. More than one answer is possible. Explain your choices. 1. a sweetheart 2. a team player 3. abrain 4. a pain in the neck 5. a tyrant 6. awise guy 7. a people person 8. a workaholic le feb er \\ Describe people’s personalities ED Use the Vocabulary. Describe the personalities of people you (EZ2Ry) now. Give specific examples to explain. ‘8 bo2s Acoworer Spear sisters such a tyrant! She spouse a teacher kids dooll the housework!” _Scissmate a relative — ——= friend Hugoisareal people) [WB Use the Conversation Strategies. Role-play a conversation He's so outgoing and friendly. about a person you haven't met yet. Use the Conversation Snapshot asa guide. Start like this: Have you had a chance to meet ...?”GOAI Compare perspectives on life EX Reading Warm-up. Look at the glass of water. Do you see the glass as half fll or half empty? What does that say about your perspective on life? TAG Reading. read the article about optimism. How do optimists ‘and pessimists respond to problems differently? by Kali Munro, M.Ed. Psychotherapist Have you ever wondered why some people feel down and defeated when faced with difficult situations, while others feet challenged and hopeful? These diferent reactions are dve to how people interpret events—whether they think posite. fr an optimistic viewpoint, or negatively, from a pessimistic viewpoint. Optimists and Pessimists The difference between optimists and pessimists isnt a difference in life experiences but rather in how people perceive and respond to problems. For example, an optimist who Is. going through a hard time fees confident that life wil gt better, while 2 pessimist is more cynical and believes ie will alvays be difficult and painful. Pessimsts tend to expect the worst and see only problems. Optimists, confronted with te same stations, expect the best. While a pessimist may give up an optimist wil look on the bright side and instead of seeing a problem. wl se a solution. ‘The Pros and Cons There are pros and cons to both optimism and pessimism. A healthy ‘dose of optimism canbe uplifting and hopeful, while a heathy dose ‘of pessimism can be realistic and wise. Achieving a balance of being realistic and hopeful isnt always easy. Staying Optimistic While we can lean fim both optimists and pessimist. most of us need help being optimistic. Maintaining a hopeful, positive, yet realistic perspective in the face of hard times can be a real challenge-one many are facing right now in the world—but itis ‘essential to living peacefully and happily. Just as itis important to recognize what is unjust and unfair in our lives and the world itis important to see the beauty, love, generosity, and goodness aswel Information source: viva KaliMunra.com TF Relate to Personal Experience. Discuss the questions. 1. Do you agree with the author that “most of us need help being optimistic”? How do you think people can avoid negative thinking? Describe experiences from your own life. 2. In your opinion, are there times when optimism can be bad, or when pessimism can be good? Explain. EL identify supporting Details. With a partner, rate these people's optimisim on a scale of 1 t0 5 (1 being very optimistic and 5 being very pessimistic), Explain your answers, citing information from the article. vehad some bad wouldnt say that | think ian keep things |_| ty tolookon the find it cificult when | experiences but! think Tmeynicalbutits | inperspective. ry not | brightside. Ithinkits | | things gettough, theyve made me more important to be tothinknegatively but | bettertotrytosee I sometimes fel fealstc. K's not abways realistic. Letsfoceit— _mrealsticaboutthe | asolutioninstead of | completelyhopeless, possible to hope forthe lite is hard. things Icantt change. | seeing 2 problem. just dont expect ee e a i 7 12345 ayayaiais apaisiais 42345 8 UNITY« eae OD Compare perspectives on life EW Frame Your Ideas. Complete the survey. 1. You wake up in the middle of the night with 8. When a friend feels down, you... Bstomachache. Your fist thought is.» EB scssarvana ena jus one eaecurt. DD “I'm sure it's nothing, © toll him or her about your problems too. I take some medicine.” B® tell him or her how much worse it ®D “I think | should go to the doctor.” could be. 2. You apply for your “perfect” Job, but you 6. Your boss asks you out to lunch. You think soar eek: Nem sila + © rst be geting a raise” ©D Nevermind. 11 find something ese.” Bb “thats osmy rice ee ots te FD Oh, nol rm geting fea!” “lt figures. | never get the job | want.” 7. If someone unexpectedly knocks on your 3. When you are introduced to someone iene ew, YOu s+ « oO “1 wonder which friend is dropping by." © mmake trends easily with that person nek tae “waren up" to that person gradually. Se rnc te ntbe make that person prove to you that he or ering. she is likable. . joanne acne 4, News about crime or disasters makes you... Map your points, ane ovmeaiedl 10, Youre an optimist You vay see the gas hal fl. © want to do something to help 114 Youte a bit ofan optimist and a pessimist. Youre very realist ‘€D realize that sometimes bad things happen. D teel unsafe and depressed EB Draw Conclusions. witha partner, compare and explain your responses to the survey items, Does your score describe you and your perspective on life? Why or why not? EB Discussion. 1. In your opinion, in order to succeed, how important is your perspective on life? Do you think its better to be optimistic, pessimistic, ‘or somewhere in the middle? Explain. 2. Read the quotation by Winston Churchill. Do you agree with him? Why or why not? “The pessimist sees difficulty in every opportunity. The optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty: Winston Churchill, British Prime Minister (1874-1965)Share a life-changing experience EY® Listening. Listen for Main ideas. Listen Yo each person talking about life-changing experience. Then choose the best answer to complete each statement, 1, The most significant experience of the first speaker's life was when he a. became a father b. began working ¢ traveled to another country 4. got married “The second speaker's life changed when she got a full-time job bi. had a baby € got more free time 4. got married 3, ‘The third speaker's perspective on life changed when he 2. lost his home in a fire B, Lost his job LA @) Listening. Understand from Context. Read the statements. Then listen again to infer each speaker means. ‘When the first speaker says, “I was really able to.see other people's points of view,” he means that 2a. he could understand how other people feel about things '. he met people of different nationalities 2. When the first speaker says, “It was a real eye- ‘opener for me,” he means that a. the experience was a bit scary b. the experience taught him a lot 3. When the second speaker says, “It hit me that I was responsible for her,” she means that a, she realized she had to take care of her baby b, she regretted she had to take care of her baby Summarize. 10 uniTy rst, in your own words, summarize each person's life-chat Then discuss which person’s experience you identify with the most. Expl 4, When the second speaker says, “IIt] is definitely a life-altering experience,” she ‘means that 2. the experience is not rewarding '. the experience changes a person 5. When the third speaker says, “That put things perspective,” he means that a. he realized some things are not so important b. he had to work day in and day out 6 When the third speaker says, “You start to see the big picture,” he means that a. he understood what was really important in life he realized how much he had lost ing experience. why.NOW YOU CAN BYzIcE rience IEW Pair Work. Explore ideas about experiences that can change 2 person's perspective on life. Complete the list with your partner. “the birth of a ehile @ disaster BB Notepadding, Think about a life-changing experience you have had. Toke notes about t on your notepad. travel ‘What was the experience? When did it happen? Where? How did the experience change your perspective? How did you feel at the time? RAD Group Work, shore your ife-choniging experience with your cossmates. Explain | how this experience changed your perspective on life. “Last year my mother had a serous illness. itreally put ‘things in perspective for me. All the disagreements ‘we'd had inthe past seemed so unimportant.” EB Presentation. write a paragraph about a life-changing experience you have had. Use it to present your story to your dass or group. "Writing: Describe personality types Paragraph Structure: Review a | paragraph consists of sentences about one topic. The most = important sentence in a paragraph is the topic sentence. It is usually the fist sentence, and it introduces the topic of a paragraph. For example: Workaholics lead unbalanced lives. In academic writing, all the supporting sentences that follow a topic sentence—detals, examples, and other facts—must be related to the topic presented in the topic sentence, The last sentence of the paragraph is often a concluding was thinking about work. He seened sentence, A concluding sentence restates the topic never to think of anything else, sentence or summarizes the paragraph. A concluding In summary, ~ Workaholics lead unbalanced lives. They spend a1] their. energy on . work. They rarely take tine to relax | and Vet their minds rest. t brow | because ay father uas 2 workahoric, and he worked every day of the ] week. We hardly ever sau bin. Even when he was not at work + we knew he not knowing how to sit difficult ind balance in sentence often includes phrases such as In canclusion } $8¢ape from work make: ‘or in summary. | for a workaholic to | his or her tise. EX Prewriting. Brainstorming Ideas. write a topic sentence for each personality type. team players tyrants wise guys. Ai a 7 Now choose one of your topic sentences. Ona separate sheet Morkaholics lead unbalance lwes. of paper, generate ideas you could use to support the topic. sthvays think about work can't relax TD writing. on a separate sheet of paper write a paragraph about the personality type you chose in Prewriting. ‘Make sure all the supporting sentences relate to the topic, End with a concluding sentence. Self-Check, C. Does your paragraph have a topic sentence? © Do the supporting sentences in your paragraph all relate to the topic? 1 Do you have a concluding sentence? 120 unirtCa ee ‘grammar » vocabulary « Hsteing feading + speking « E3 @ tistening. tisten to the people talking about their reactions to events inthe news. Decide if each speaker is an optimist, a pessimist, or a realist. 1. John 2. Susan 3. Matt ED sow read the statements. Write the name of the person from the listening who is most likely to have said each statement. Listen again if necessary. 1. “You've got to be practical. There will be some problems in life that you can solve and some that you can’t. What's important is realizing when something is beyond your control. Then it's better just to move on.” 2. “Life is full of hard times. You just have to accept the fact that bad things happen and know that there's very little you can do about it.” 3. “It’s important to see a problem as both a challenge to be faced and as an opportunity for success. Difficult experiences can make a person stronger.” Complete each conversation with a personality type. 1. A: Looks like I have to work overtime again tonight. My supervisor just gave me three projects to complete by the end of the day. You're kidding He sounds like a real ! You know, without Sarah's help, I would never have completed that presentation in time, B: Tell me about it. She really helped me out with my sales campaign last month. She's such a 3. A: Tom is really a Eran into him in the park last weekend, and he was sitting on a bench and working on that report. B: Yeah, that’s Tom all right. He never stops! 4. As [dont think jill had a very good time at the party—she didn’t say a word the whole evening B: Well Jill doesnt feel comfortable in social situations. She's just not a 5. A: Have you heard the news? My daughter Audrey gota perfect score on her entrance exam to law school B: Congratulations! 1 always knew she would do well in school. She's such a 6. A: [im so tired of Ken. The other day I made a mistake at the computer lab at school, and he said something that really made me feel dumb. B: Don't let it get to you. Everybody knows he a «Just try to ignore him. TD ona separate sheet of paper write advice for each person. Use She choulst stop working 0 much | the verbs slap remember and farget with gerunds or infinkives, ae 1. Samantha has a demanding job and works long hours. When she finally gets home, she’s exhausted. She spends all weekend trying 0 catch up on housework and shopping 2. Michael spends most ofthe day at the computer, Some days he dacsnt even get outside except to walk to the bus stop. On the weekends he just watches alot of TV. 2 Philips a single father with three kids, and he travels alot for his company. He feels his kids are growing up so fast that he hardly ever sees them, 4. Marisa has been using her credit cards a lot lately, and she can’t keep up with the monthly. payments, And now she’s having a hard time keeping up with all hee bills. 13re daa a EY Topic Preview. Look at the reviews from the music website. ‘Ave you familiar with any of these artists? Information source: wanwallmusiccarn EE Express Your Ideas. 1. Which reviews did you find the most appé interest you the most? 2. Can you think of other artists for each s? Why? Which musical genres in the reviews 14 unit 2TAG) sound Bites. read and isten Yo a conversation between two friends comparing musical tastes. TANIA: Wow! You've got quite a CD collection! KEN: I guess so. Let's put something on, TANIA: Got any jazz? KEN: How about some Gato Barbieri? I've got Fenix. TANIA: Actually, his saxophone playing kind of gets on my nerves on that one. KEN: Really? I'm totally into him. Fenixis one of iy all-time favorites. Yeah, but it's pretty hard to dance to, Well, have you heard some of his later stuff? TANIA: No, what's it ike? KEN: It's got more of a Latin feel. itl definitely get the party started. TANIA: Oh yeah? Let's give it a listen. DD think and Explain. read the conversation again. With a partner, explain the meaning of each of the following statements or questions. 1. “You've got quite a CD collection.” - “Let's put something on.” - “Hi playing kind of gets on my nerves on that one. is saxophon 2 3. 4. “I'm totally into him.” 5. “Have you heard some of his later stuff?” 6. “Il de 2. nitely get the party started.” . “Let's give it a listen.” STARTING POINT ID Frame Your Ideas. What recordings are your all-time favorites? Complete the chart. Title of recording ere fans ‘Ym totally into Coldplay. ) BD Pair Work. Talk with a partner ‘about the music in your chart. That CD is fantastic!” A YS Gy pet ow ey TE Compare your musical tastes. but maybe ll give ita listen sometime.” 15GOAI Describe the music you listen to EY ©) conversation Snapshot. Read and sen. Notice the Conversation strategies, ‘So what have you been listening to lately? Mostly world music. Ever heard of Youssou N'Dour? I think so. He’s from Senegal, right? Thats right You know, I've actually never heard his music. What's he like? B: Well, he’s got a terrific voice and a unique sound. I'd be happy to lend you a CD if you'd like. All right, thanks. [1 et you know what I think © rhythm and intonation practice BI © vocabulary. Elements of Music. Listen and practice beat the rhythm of a piece of music sound the particular style or quality of an ‘That song has a great beat you can dance to. artist's or group's music lyrics the words of a song The band has created a new and exciting sound. Her catchy lyrics make you want to sing along. voice the quality of sound produced when melody the order of notes ina musical piece one sings His song has an. unforgettable melody She has a beautiful soprano voice. NN TA Oiistening. Listen to Activate Vocabulary. Listen tothe pieces of music. With Bartner, use the words from the Vocabulary to discuss what you like or don't like about the music. BD Grammar. the present perfect and the present perfect continuous: Words and phrases used finished and unfinished actions it the present perfect | for finished actions | Finished actions. ‘ready ever ‘never yet —) Use the present perfect, not the present perfect continuous, when an action is completed ‘once. twice, three times: How many. ? ‘at an unspecified time in the past. (Remember that actions completed at a specified time in ‘the past require the simple past tense.) ve already heard that CD. | heard it yesterday. How many tines have you seen Youssou N'Dour in concert? ————— ve seen him twice. AS a matter of fact, just saw him ast week. Words apd exoreasions often, | ee ee coon acon ‘The present pertect continuous is preferred to describe very recently completed actions 1 crete tora wine ea a cat ole ae LT een A le ‘They've been practicing. | see them putting their instruments away. oT a -_—— m Unfinished or continuing actions Use the present perfect OR the present perfect continuous to describe actions that began Inthe past, continue into the present, and may continue into the fut ‘ave you listened to any jazz lately? OR Have you been listening to any jazz lately? {ve listened to Beethoven since | was a child, OR I've been listening to Beethoven since | was a chi, 16 uniT2Gi Grammar Pra ¢e. Write £ ifthe action is finished. Write U if the action is unfinished or continuing. 1. He's played with their band for almost 5. Ladysmith Black Mambazo hasn’t been ten years. playing many concerts lately 2. Caetano Veloso has made dozens 6. Have you ever gone to a classical of recordings concert? 3. They've never heard of Alexandre 7. How many times have you heard Pires Carmina Burana? 4, We've been listening to that CD all day. 8. They've played Brahms's First Let’s play something different. Symphony twice this year. TZ Grammar Practice. Complete the biography of Vanessa-Mae with the simple past tense, the present perfect, or the present perfect continuous. Use the present perfect continuous ifthe action is unfinished or continuing, ieenrn ‘Vanessa-Mae music since she was a little gir. i. peter Bom in Singapore on October 27, 1978, she os her first piano lesson at the age of three. A year later, she : taking violin lessons, and when she was just ten years old, she her concert debut with the London Philharmonic Since then, Vanessa Mae numerous classical recordings, but it was in 1994 that she the field of pop music with The Violin Player. The album immediately rissa) tremely popular with pop and classical music fans. In more cen yeory she withather pop atts suchas Annie Leno, Janct jackson, and Prince. Vanessa-Mac_‘heraudiences for over a decade, and she continues to astonish them with her innovative sound. Describe the music you listen to ZB Notepadding. write some of the musical artists or bands you've been listening to lately. Artist or ‘What you lik Etoile 40 Dakar great tance bear Artist or band ‘What you like IED Use the Conversation Strategies. Talk about music you listen to. Use the Vocabulary from page 16 and the Conversation Snapshot as a guide. Start ike ths: °So what have you been listening to lately?” 7Explain the role of music in your life EY @) crammar Snapshot. read the commentaries and notice the noun clauses. W's my opinion that music isa kind Franky, | cant imagine what my of international languages way ''m a performer, and music isa part of le would be like without music. tor people to cornmanicate with who om. isa way for me to express W's what gets me through the whomever they meet, The fact that ‘what's in my heart. The th in day, Ustening to musics how t ‘enjoyment of music is universal whether or not | perform i not ral ‘get going in the morning. Later, ‘makes itan deal way to bring cultures | | ®choice—!have todo it, Whatever” work, fs how I stay Together. Music can open doors for ‘happens during the day —good ce productive. And in the evening, i's You everywhere you go h the wrt ad—comes out in my music ‘hat helps me unwind, ‘Santigt Maton, 27 Peery one ened ateereet entry Eh Make Personal Comparisons. Do any of the comments above ting true for you? Explain and discuss mn bogin with haf Gi Grammar, Noun clauses noun le apy a guetion wor A noun clause canbe a subject, a direct object, an indirect object, ree rat te wos be ero 2 subject complement. or the object at a preposition. aL cat abe ‘Whatever happens during the day comes out ny muse. ebjet Pegebie {don't know wy so crazy about his musi. ect object] Citieasted em whether (ornot) | FW ge wioever als hat he tse. indo bet oid py re song rvs ga Musee what helps me unwind (sect complement) renee ay the band Said 10 Mossi away fr peo o communicate with whomeve® they mest. oak oP — (cj fa preston) Deyorinow wich wat Incect speech pressed wang» ween lots Ta py te aed They ased whether /if we could recommend some good recordings i cians The wl explained thatthe concerto was quite dificult pla, Se soon a cre lets ‘A noun clause can aso be Introduced by whoever, whomever, of whatever, Wan ane nay be ote ‘meaning any person or anything. "ee woud be onotY ‘Whoever can combine hip-hop with pop i sie to be a hit “emotes Z The aucence aways loves whatever they play. aes Noun clauses often follow phases with impersonal it subjects. ge CAREFUL! Use hotmat not 1s my opinion thal muse kind of ilenational language. pected word oer noun lis rng, subject noun clauses are often preceded by phrases such beginning with eston words. 8 the fa the Ia, te. NOY They asked bir he ae The fac that enjoyment of music is universal fs quite intresting, Nahe oie tobe so beat very formal COUT Noun claus a adjective ‘ed noun complements 18 uNiT2A Grammar Practice. introduce each noun clause with that if, whether (ornot), ora question word. 1. It's his opinion classical music is boring | Buying old records is spend my Saturday afternoons. I 2 3. I'm having difficulty recalling, band played at the dance. 4 I like most is to take a hot bath while [listen to music. 5. Did they tell you the concert would start? Idon’t want to be late. 6. Ican't really tell you like some pieces of music. Maybe it’s because they remind me of songs my mother sang to me when I was a child, 7. Robert asked me Thad bought tickets yet. 8. She can’t imagine she would do without music, G1 Grammar Practice. Complete each statement with a noun clause that represents each question. 1. Tdon’t know (here del ear ve 2. Thave no idea ihe did George Bie comoce Comment 3. She told me Where othe Black Sheep tual evr) 4. I don’t know: (whch genre of msi ivory 5. I'm not sure iat kind af ics does she wc) Hain the role of music uur life TED Analyze the Grammar. Read the following quotations and undertine the noun clauses. Classify each noun clause by its grammatical function within the sentence (subject, dtect object, etc) “The audience knows when they're Then discuss the meaning of each quotation. Just listening to notes and when they're Restate each in your: truly listening to music.” ‘Sarah Chang. US.volinist isa gift and a burden I've he 1980- “since I can remember who I was. ‘Mina Simone. US. singer and pianist 1933-2003, IED Use the Grammar. iscuss the role of music in your lfe. Do you listen to music | at specific times during your day? What sorts of music do you listen to? ‘Use noun clauses to explain your ideas. 19Describe a creative person EY @) vocabulary. Describing Creative Personalities. Listen and practice Positive qualities fitted raving a natura abit to-do one or more tings extremely wo tmergetic very ace, ryseay an mata imaginative able to think of new and ietarost fasslanate showing asvong Hig for aomething ane boing very dedicated 10 it Negative qualities tceente behave nan ural wy or different from most peopie aces ‘iti revr state ond ar peace Mody auc andanty bacon annoyed or nhapey ‘ots! beiovn once tobe Bota mare Inport han te spa Reading Warm-up. Iris often said that gifted people have eccentric or difficult personalities. Do you agree? Ga Oreasing. Read the short biography. What effect did Beethoven's personality have on his life? Beethoven: Ot Passion for Bz 101770 In Bon, Germany, Ludwig van Beethoven started lying ta pao belr be was fu ear ld. By the te he waste, ths chi proiy had area compose is fest piece of music. When Bethoren vas ust seen he went o sty inna, sti, thn the center of European ctl te and hore abe most ant are pascorate mss and composes ofthe pad. Beethoven proved tobe atin pianist ad an imaginative camose ‘eethoven remembered for is rat genus buts fo his song and tic personaly In oe famous inden, Berthoven became so use witha water hat Re emp late ot food oer the man's ea. Das ths tp of behav, many in musical and arstocrate eae asmied Beetoven and music lovers were alaysBestover' grees supers, Ts fact did ot revert im ro sing hs temper wih oe ot anater a tn, However Recah of i len, Bethowen’s Kens ys cue is als a mod) temperament eehoven was als otros for is eccentric bet. He often waked rough testes of Vena mutering inset and saging his et, He complete nected bs personal appearance is cles would et tthe is ends woud come an tke thm aay ding the ght. When toy replaced the ld tes wth new nes, Beetoven neve noied Be diterence ‘thug Beetoven was respctes and aco by his asience, he was not enced wth pling thr. Betoven could play 20 unit2 "ActveBook dsc Reading Glossary and fon your euro ‘Comprehension Questions Music the plano so beauty that some Istoers cro however, when he saw his fans crying, Beethoven ‘only laughed and ssid they were fools. He was so ogotstcal that it people talked wile he was performing, he would stop and walk aay, Beethoven wrote two famous works, Moonlight Sonata and Fir Else for wo dterent women he loved. He was almost ahwaysin lve, oftn with 2 ‘woman who was aready marred or engaged. Although Beethoven asked Several women to mary him, they al ejected him. But the most rag aspect of Beethoven's ie was his gradual loss ‘of hearing, begining in his lala twenties unt he was completely eat. However even 3 his hearing grew worse, Beethoven continued tobe energetic an productive; hs creative activity remained intense, and auiences loved his music. n 1826, Beethoven held his last publc performance of his famous Ninth ‘Symphony. By this timo, the maestro was completely det. When he was tured around so he could see the raring applause that he ould not hear, Beethoven began t ry Beethoven died in Vienna in 1827 a age fty-seven. One cut ‘often people who lived in Vienna care to his funeral Information source: ww.classicalarchive.comTL) Activate Language from a Text. Read each fact about Beethoven. Then, with a partner, discuss which adjective from the Vocabulary best completes each statement. 1. Beethoven was already publishing music 5. Beethoven became frustrated when he began and earning a salary at the age of twelve to lose his hearing. While socializing with his He was very friends, he would often have sudden bursts of 2. Beethoven once told a prince, “There anger. He could be rather will be thousands of princes. ‘There is 6. Beethoven said that his music expressed what only one Beethoven.” He could be quite was inside of him and that he had no choice but to compose. He was a 3. Beethoven would work long hours compos composing and never seemed to tire. He 2. Beethoven's attention to feeling in his music was always when he began a new “style,” different in some ways performed for his audiences from Baroque music, which was popular at the 4. Beethoven had many close friends who time. His compositions were tried to help him with his problems. He 8. Beethoven's friends thought he could be continually pushed them away and refused at times. For example, when thei assistance. He was considered to be a he made coffee, he used to count out exactly person sixty beans for each cup. CERIO vescrive a creative person [ED Frame Your Ideas. Rate your own personality on a scale of 0 to 3. Compare your answers with a partne’s. Use the Vocabulary “Tm an extremely passionate person. think’ really important to love whot youdo. What about you?” eave O SRE oe ee cited C) cco C)—passonate C) imaginative C) cavcor ©) energetic Sooty ©) etisscas C) TDD Discussion. read the quotations from three famous musicians. Which one do you find the most interesting? After reading the quotations, how would you describe each musician's personality? | "Music is nothing separate from me. ‘Music will save the world.” Tee outdone anyone you can Mis me... You'd have (0 remove the music surgically” name—Mozart, Beethoven, Bach, Strauss. Irving Berlin, he wrote 1,001 tunes, Ttrote 5,500." Ray Charles, American soul singe Pablo Casals, Spanish clit James Brown, American RES songwriter and panist 1930-2008 ‘and conductor, 1876-1973 ‘singer and songwnte, 1933-2006 MB Project. write a brief biography of a creative person you know. Describe his or her personality, creativity, and achievements. Put all the biographies together for a web article about creative people. 2Discuss the benefits of music 0 Daistening. Listen for Main Ideas. Read the questions. Then listen To Part 1 of talk about an unusual use of music, Discuss the questions with a partner 1, What does Dr. Schmidt do? 2. What sorts of people does she work with? Explain how she works with these people. BF ©) Listening. Listen for Supporting Details. Read the "Guestions. Then listen to Part 2 ofthe talk and answer the questions. 1. What are the four benefits Dr. Schmidt talks about? ~ b « 4 What is one example of each? aces TG Apply Ideas. viscuss the questions. |. Can you think of any other s of music therapy? Can you think of anyone who might benefit from. music therapy? If so, how? 22. unit2BE) word skills. Using Participial Adjectives. ‘The present and past participle forms of many verbs function as adjectives. The past participle has a passive meaning, Most sentences using past participles ‘can be restated with a by phrase The patient is depressed. = The patient is depressed [by his life] I'm bored. = I'm bored [by this movie}. ‘The present participle does not have a passive meaning. Most sentences using present participles can be restated with an active verb. That book is depressing. = That book depresses [everyone]. I’s so boring, = It bores [me] | stimuiting — Stmutted texting toch | TB Word skills Practice. Circle an adjective to complete the sentence about music therapy. 1. Music can make patients feel (relaxed / relaxing). 2. Listening to music makes patients feel less (depressed / depressing). 3. Patients find some types of music to be very (soothed / soothing). 4. For patients in physical pain, the benefits of music can be (surprised / surprising). 5. Studies show that a student's ability to learn is (stimulated / stimulating) by music. 6. For patients with emotional problems, music can be very (comforted / comforting). 7. Many doctors report they are (pleased / pleasing) by the effect music has on their patients, 8. Many patients say that music therapy is (entertained / entertaining). EY Notepadding. what are some benefits music brings to people's a lives? With a partner, make alist Mis/2 cen be soothing. p, {| and discuss. Use partcipial laying music at wark can ralan adjectives. Benefits ED Group Work. share your ideas with your class or group. Comment on your classmates’ ideas. 23Writing: Describe yourself Parallel Structure In a pair or a series, be sure to use parallel structure. All the words, phrases, or clauses should be in the same form. Incorrect Correct He's a composer, singer, and a violinist. (article, no article, article) He's a composer, a singer, and a violinist. (article, article, article) OR He's a composer, singer, and viol (one article for all three) like dancing, painting, and to sing, (getund, gerund, infinitive) Tike dancing, painting, and singing, (gerund, gerund, gerund) OR Llike to dance, to paint, and to sing. (infinitive, infinitive, infinitive) OR Hike to dance, paint, and sing, (one ta forall three) ‘The picture was framed, examined, and they sold it, (passive, passive, active) The picture was framed, examined, and sold (passive, passive, passive) like people who have the same interests as I do, make me laugh, or who like outdoor sports. (clause, verb phrase, clause) like people who have the same interests as Ido, ‘who make me laugh, or who like outdoor sports (clause, clause, clause) OR Hike people who have the same interests as Ido, make me laugh, or like outdoor sports. (verb phrase, verbs phrase, verb phrase) Prue Prewriting. Clustering Ideas. Look at the idea cluster below. Ona separate sheet of paper create your own idea cluster. Draw a circle and write ME inside it. Then write any ideas that come to mind in circles around the main circle. Expand each nev idea, Include hobbies, accomplishments, places you have traveled, interests, goals, etc 24 unit? Thave always been a relaxed, passionate, and been ‘@ moody person. Ilove traveling, to meet new people, and learning about new places, I have been to many interesting places; for example, Ihave been on top of Mount Kilimanjaro, Ihave gone ice fishing with Eskimos in Alaska, and I rode on a camel in Morocco. These wore some of BD writing. ona separate sheet of paper, write a paragraph describing yourself, using the information from your cluster. Make sure to use parallel structure, Self-Check. © Did you use parallel structure with pairs or series of nouns, adjectives, and adverbs? O Did you use parallel structure with the clauses, phrases, and tenses? C. Does the topic sentence introduce the topic of the paragraph?Ca Be ActiveBook: | grammar = vocabulary - listening reading + speoking + pronunciation Oo ® Listening. Listen to the conversations about musical preferences. Determine if each person likes the artist or group. Check the appropriate box or boxes. Then listen again and write what the person likes (voice, melody, lyrics, beat, or sound). theman the woman what he or she likes 1. Andrea Bocelli Q a 2. Gato Barbieri o a 3. Ladysmith Black Mambazo o 4. Beyoncé oa a 5. Antonio Carlos Jobim o a EX complete the statements with an appropriate adjective from the box. eccentric egotistical energetic gifted moody __ passionate 1. Sarah isa very musician, She started playing the piano when she was three. 2, My neighbor has thirty cats. You could say he’s a bit 3. Franco is an extremely person. He only thinks of himself. 4. Dal lately. She gets angry at the smallest thing, Circle the correct form of the verb to complete the paragraph. Sandile Khemese (1. has played / played) the violin since he was a child in Johannesburg, South Africa. In 1989, Sandie (2. formed / has formed) the Soweto String Quartet with his brothers, Reuben and Thami, and their friend, Makhosini Mnguni. The group (3. played / has played) at President Nelson Mandela's inauguration in 1994, The Soweto String Quartet (4. won / has won) many music awards in South Africa, including Best New Artist. They (5. have recorded / have been recording) a number of successful CDs. In revent years, the Quartet (6. has been giving / gave) concerts all around the world. BX Underline the noun clause in each sentence. Write whether itis a subject.a direct object, a subject complement, or an object of a preposition 1. [believe that without music life wouldn't be as much fun, 2. Whatever's playing on the radio is fine with me. 3. That's why Jorge likes only pop music. 4. Do you know where some good music is playing? 5. They'll listen to whatever music is playing, 25GOALS )Ater Unt youwilbeabiew Ea Money Matters poe eee re Preview EN Topic Preview. Read these financial tips. Do you think you have a high financial IQ How to Raise Your Financial 1Q |. Save money. Scart saving while you are young. When you have ‘money in your pocket, the impulse to spend it can be very strong. When you get your paycheck, don't run to the mal. If you put away a small amount of money into a savings account each week and earn interest, your money will grow. 2. Live within your means. The secret to financial success is spending less than you earn. If you make a lot of money, but spend it all, you are not really rich or financially secure. If you lose your job, or get seriously ill, you will have nothing to fall back on. People who make less money than you but don't spend it all are actually much wealthier because they are able to handle any emergency that arises. Fortunately, today’s technology makes managing your money easier than ever. Financial-planning software can help you keep a budget by adding up your income and expenses and keeping track of your spending. 3. Don’t go into debt. Its a lot easier—and sometimes safer—to pay with a credit card than to carry around a lot of ‘ash in your pocket or purse. However, itis easy to get into trouble with credit cards if you use them as a substitute for money you don't have. If you charge so much that you can't keep up with your monthly bils, interest charges will quickly add Up. Going into debt because of credit card bills is the surest sign of a low financial 1Q. EA Express Your Ideas. Which tip do you think is the most important one to follow? Why? Can you think of any others? 26 UNITS© sound Bites. read and isten toa conversation between Two friends about saving money. DAVID: Hey, a new entertainment system! What did you do—strike it rich? JUDY: I wish! No, saved up for it. DAVID: There's no way | could do that. Too many bills. JUDY: I know what you mean. My credit card bills used to be totally out of hand. DAVID: Really? Then how did you manage to save up all that cash? JUDY: Well, just decided it was time to start living within my means. cut way back on my spending. DAVID: Wasn't that hard? JUDY: Kind of. But Im glad I did it. Dy think and Explain. with a partner discuss the questions and support your answers with information from Sound Bites. Stes 4. Do you think Judy makes a lot of money? 2. Do you think David is good 3. What was Judy's financial situation like in the past? 4. What did Judy do to change her finan 5. How would you describe Judy’s finan vith money? jal situation? al IQ? 6. Are you more like Judy or Davi r __ STARTING POINT D Frame Your Ideas. What's your financial IQ? Choose the statements that best apply to you. 1.| 1) Hive within my means. Hive beyond my means. 2.| (I keep track of my expenses. (CI don’t know where the money goes, 3.| (1 I regularly put something away into savings. 1A spend everything | have and never save. 4. atvays ty to pay my credit cad ils inl ieee on tect eel Mea 5.1 C1 1 always have enough money for what I need. 2 tean't make ends meet! Pair Work. Compare your answers with a partner's. Who do you think has the higher financial |Q? 27Talk about your financial goals EY ©) Grammar snapshot. Read the interview responses and notice how future plans are expressed What are your short-term and long-term financial goals? ind it relly helps me to try and picture where I want to be over the next few years. By next year, | hope to have gotten ‘good ob as a financial consultant. That's iy short-term goal. My lngeterm goal? I plan te have reached rel financial independence before | retire, ve decided to st along: term goal for myself—to Tai lone ann oat put aside enough money isos ae tobuy anew car. By this My college expenses are going to get me een time next year, ii have Into alot of debt. don't expect to have Tentacle) put away enough ssh begun making payments by the time 1 sate nein fora down payment. My ‘graduate, but Idohave alan. After! fish | re rihave saved short-term goa isto ‘School, my short-term goal i of job fencugh. After ve start vg within my where | can make same good money and Sean nica oti) means. Once I've started begin a payment plan on my loans. Then! | worth plan to settle Sticking toa monthly {igure that by the time Fm thirty, should | Jown and buy ‘budget, think ibe easy have paid back everthing lowe. rat Pe Creer EX Make Personal Comparisons. Discuss how similar you are to any of the people in the Grammar Snapshot. Do you share any of the goals they mentioned? ifnot, discuss some of your goals. Grammar, Future plans and finished future actions Future plans Express general future plans with expect, hope, intend, or plan and an infinitive, We hope to start puting some money away. 1 don’t plan tobe financially dependent for the rest of my lite. Use the perfect form of an infinitive to express that an action will before a specified time inthe future. By this time next yea, plan to have saved up enough cash to buy a new car. Her goals to have paid ot all her debt in five years. Finished future actions Use the future perfect to indicate an action that will be completed by a spocified time Inthe future. ‘By next year, | will have completed my studies, but | won't have gotten maried How much will you have saved by next month? Use the present perfect in an adverbial clause to distinguish between a completed future action ‘and one that will follow it ‘Once 've completed my stuces,' get marie. 'm going shopping wien Ive finished my report. BE CAREFUL! Don’t use the future perfect in the adverbial cause. NOT Tm going shopping when | wiithave-fnished my report might take place Cora < The tre continous The foto pertect 28 unitsTX Grammar Practice. Complete the paragraph about Ms. Kemper's future plans. Use expect, hope, intend, or plan and an infinitive form of the verb. Jessica Kemper business school this semester, and then she i comme) 1 job in the financial industry. However, Ms, Kemper has a lot of debt Bindi to repay. She’s borrowed some money from her parents and some from the bank, but she ‘everyone back as soon as she can. She a part-time job to Sai oe help make ends meet while she’s paying off her debt. Gi Grammar Practice. Complete the paregraph about Mr. Randall's future plans. Use expect, hope, intend, or plan and a perfect form of the infinitive. Paul Randall has been “drowning in debt,” so he’s decided to make some changes in his financial habits. By the end of this month, he a realistic budget that he can follow. As amatteroffac he one of his last credit cards by October ‘ay a) Inadalition, he. ptt Some money away in savings. If he can stick to his budget, he most of his debt within the year. (i by bc EZ Grammar Practice. On a separate sheet of paper, use the cues to write sentences with the future perfect. 1. By the end of this month / I / put 10 percent of my paycheck in the bank. 2. By the summer / I / save enough to go to Italy. PRONUNCIATION Persia 3. you / pay off your credit card balance by December? ‘Sentence ryehm 4. When / they / pay the bill in full? NOW YOU CAN Bevery EY Notepadding. Write your short term and long-term financial goals on your notepad. cacy ‘= be nancial indepencent ‘save enough to buy —. fut back on expenses create a bucgot| pay my debts inf ‘ve within my means IED Use the Grammar. Describe your future financial goals toa partner. | "By the time | graduate, | hope to have saved enough to buy a new ca 29Express buyer’s remorse a @ conversation Snapshot. Read and listen. Notice the conversation strategies. A: Hey, [heard you got an E-tec MP3 player. Lucky you! B: Well, to tell you the truth, I could kick myself. What do you mean? Thad no idea it would be so hard to operate. It took me hours to figure out how to download a song, ‘A: What a pain! B: You're telling me, Had I known, | would have gotten a different brand, @anytnm and intonation practice o © Vocabulary. Expressing Buyer's Remorse. Listen and practice. Ittakes up somuch Its sohard to Itjust sits around room. ‘operate. together. collecting dust. TAG) Listening. infer Reasons. Listen to the conversations in which people regret having Bought something, Complete each statement by inferring the reason for buyer's remorse. 1. He's sorry he bought it because it costs so much to maintain b. it takes up so much room 2. She's sorry she bought it because it's so hard to operate b. it's so hard to put together 3. She's sorry she bought it because it takes up so much room b. it just sits around collecting dust 4, He's sorry he bought it because 2. itjust sits around collecting dust. it's so hard to put together 5. She's sorry she bought it because 2a. it costs so much to maintain b. it's so hard to operate 30. unitsED Grammar. The past unreal conditional: inverted form Past unteal conditional canbe stated without. vert had and the subject. 1 had known it would take up 80 much room, > Had! known it woul take up 80 much room, | wouldn't have bought it | wouldn't nave bought ft | might have gotten another brand W{thad >I might have gotten another brand had I realized ‘alized it would be so har to operate I would be s0 hard to operate. we hadn't been so busy, we could have » Had we not been so busy, we could have. rest sana Prencuocn aria leyestt tod + tlle et ine MSL — | boaters, | would never have consifered tatters, | would never have considered conditional to deseribe seting them. getting ther. ‘val er untrue onedtions andresutts, | El Grammar Practice. Ona separate sheet of paper, rewrite the following past unreal conditional sentences, using the inverted form, 1. They would have lent her the money if she had asked. 2. If Thad been debt free, I would have considered buying that house. 3. If the Carsons hadn't been able to support their son, he would have had to find a part-time job. 4. Could you have gotten the car if they hadn't raised the price? TE integrated Practice. Make statements of buyer's remorse, using the inverted form of the past unteal conditional and the Vocabulary. Compare statements with a partner. 1... Lwould never have gotten that espresso maker. - we never would have bought such a lange sofa, - Icould have gotten an entertainment center with fewer pieces, we probably would have bought a more economical car. - I would have gotten a DVD player with simpler directions. ¢ ED Express buyer’s remorse : : yee Notepadding. on your notepad, What did you buy? | answer the questions about something 4 et buying, Tell your partner peremet yh ear Wh dia you buy ie | a } Do you stil have it? | Use the Conversation Strategies. { Role-play conversation abouttheitem | ‘on your notepad. Use the Conversation 0, where iat? Snapshot as a guide. Start lke this: “Hey, | heard you got...” IEnot, what did you do with it? | Would you ever buy a similar item again? Why-or why not? 31Describe your spending habits EY @tistening. Listen for Main Ideas. Read the statements Then listen to a radio call-in show and check Iiue or False. True False 1. Steve finds it hard to save money. a 2. Steve buys a lot on credit. a 3. a a teve spends less money than he makes. Stove has been on a budget for three months. oooo EX @iistening. Listen for Details. Nove listen again. What Yee the thre tips Lara Savino gives the caller? EX Draw Conclusions. Discuss the questions. 1. Why do you think Steve has a problem with money? 2. Which tip do you think is the most useful? Why? B )) Vocabulary. Describing Spending Habits. Listen and practice. a big spender someone who likes to spend generous willing to give more money, time, large amounts of money than is expected aspendthrift someone who spends money carelessly, especially when he or she doesi't havea lot of it cheap / stingy unwilling to spend or give money, even when one has a lot of it found thrifty / frugal using money carefully and a cheapskate / a tightwad someone who wisely does not like spending money and can be unpleasant about it BF Vocabulary Practice. Complete the sentences about people's spending habits. 1. Can you believe what Martin is! He refused to leave a tip for the waiter! 2. Our grandmother donates to many organizations. She's always been very with her money. 3. He’sso. that he wouldn’t even lend his own son money. 4 George must be wealthy. He's such He always insists on treating his friends to dinner. 5. Ifyou try to be more with your money, you'll have enough when you really need it 6. Unless you stop being such , you're going to get deeper in debt 32. unitsNOW YOU CAN Bera ding habits ir ED Frame Your Ideas. First circle the letter that best completes the statement for you. Then compare ‘your answers with a partner's. Find out ifyour spending habits are the same or different. A. spend more on a gift than you can afford. ‘A. buy the GD at the first store you find it in. B. spend as litte on a gift as you can. B. shop around unti you find the CD on sale. ©, don go s0 you don't have to buy a git. . orow it fom a fled. D. other: other: Por errs TV but you just don’t have the mone shgeleags ‘A. go out and buy a new jacket. B, have the jacket repaired. ‘A. use your creditcard and hope you get araise | | C. wear the jacket—it's no big deal. this yoan D. other: B. cut back on other expenses untll you've ‘saved enough ‘Count up your score. ‘C. wait until big-screen TVs come down in price. 3. You have lunch with your two best friends. was cheaper than theirs. When ‘A. offer to pay the entire bill. 'B. suggest spliting the bil equally. C. pay only what you owe. D. other: BD Group Work. Tell your classmates about your spending habits or your partner's. Use the Self-Test and the Vocabulary from page 32. WB summarize. ona separate sheet of paper, describe your spending habits. i make a good tiring, but I hare trouble sticking to a budget ntDiscuss reasons for charitable giving EX @) vocabulary. Charity and Investment. Listen and practice charity /'tfeerati/ 1 plural charities 1 (C] an ‘organization that gives money, goods, or help to people who are poor sick etc. 2 TU] charity ‘onganizations in general contribution /kantra'byufon/ 1 1 [C] something that you give or do in order to help something be successful 2 [C] an amount of money that you give in order to help pay for something investment /in'vestmont/ 1. 1 [C.U} the ‘money that people or organizations have put into a company, business, or bank, in order to got a profit or to make a business activity successful 2 {C,U] a large amount of time, ‘energy, emotion etc. that you spend on something, philanthropist /fi'lenOropist/ mn. [C] a rich person who gives money to help people who are poor or who need money to do useful things profit /‘prafit/ m, [CU] money that you gain by selling things or doing business Excerpted from Longman Advanced American Dictionary © 2007 EE Reading Warm-up. What are some reasons people donate money? What kinds of people or organizations get contributions? Why? TA © Reading. read the article, What reasons does Poul Newman give for donating to charity? Paul Newmans Acer and philanthropist Pa Newman bg sci 354 | nel pfs w The sad es | ey cn epoch ee and appeared in more than fifty films in ‘was a big success: In the first year, Newman | Newman and other generous donors have ‘his lifetime. He won an Oscar for best contributed approximately US$1,000,000 to | sponsored aver 100,000 children to attend ‘actor in 1986 for The Color of Money. In charitable organizations, these camps free of charge. When asked why 1993, Newman received a special Oscar for Ye ‘he gave so much to children with illnesses, Anolon seve ee pds rea] Nem Ovm onal wedthe | Ress hd egg of god cheesey his dual success as actor and philanthropist. | croducts. Every year, Newman donated t fortune in my life... Thase who are most In 157, newman ad ed AE Hone | WD othe pes fom esse cau MS lie hndcat hse founded Newman's Own, a not-for profit food | of Newman's Own products to [Products company. The company’s first product| thousands of educational and Paul Newman didn’t think that being Wastin gerey bor tcwran nd | Gata moons soe paeaiec esis Voth tc lots hewn ema | Pal evar oo 210 Ree sparen gar ey rel enae'| penal een eee tered aaa | eceeecie i cece or tf og rec gro scustyt | thn S385 ion ochis pycoeltat eka Msnates | mbeuseds\ che corte: iba litical Gece | ante wd ease mapa coe be didn't want 10 | One Ee jects wes the | rilanthrops,” said Newman. “I'm not. Cal teonto | Or tMewmans pce poets wer tte | Te stort happen otk Hae tewman | MGC Ging mea eokts | te mecdwb e age ca | Spey inset tse comps len | Me PAS back oso wt be hheplanned to | paricipate in many outdoor activites where | ‘kes ut pee “1 don’t look at it as philanthropy. see it as an investment in the community.” Information source: wawu.newmansann.com 34 unitsLL Express and Support an Opinion. Discuss the questions. 1. Why do you think Paul Newman's face has helped to sell his products? 2. Do you think that the work Newman is doing is making a difference? 3. In your opinion, do famous or wealthy people have a responsibility to “give back” or to share what they have with others? Ue Cel Ee NN D Discuss reasons for charitable EB Pair Work. Read the list of possible reasons some people donate money. In your opinion, which are good reasons? Explain, * to change society + to give new opportunities to people * to feel good about themselves + to satisfy religious beliefs * to get publicity or advertising * so other people will thank them = to say “thank you” for past help + so other people will admire them ¢ to share what they have with others other: Notepadding. On your notepad, check the people or organizations you might consider ‘making a contribution to. List your reasons for giving or not giving. People / Organizations | Reasons for giving or not giving Clahomeless person Da seriously il person Ca political candidate Dadisacier relief agency Da hospital Da school in a poor neighborhood Datheater or a museum Datocal chanty an international charity Da retigious instinution Dother Discussion, Talk about the people and ‘organizations you would or would not give money to. Use your notepad. Explain your reasons, Presentation. Choose one person, charity, or type of organization people donate money to. Write a paragraph explaining the reasons why people should donate to this cause. Use the Vocabulary from page 34 in your paragraph. Then present your ideas to your class or group. 35Writing: Explain your financial goals ‘Sequencing Events: Review When writing a paragraph, the sentences need to be logically organized. Time order words are used to clarify the order of events in someone’ life to present the steps in a process, orto give instructions. ‘Special time order words and expressions help make sequence clear: Tintend to be | independent by the time I am | sixty. How? Te begin with, I plan | {0 live within my means. I will | Cut corners whore I can and stick to my budget. Then, I hope to ‘open up my own business. Next, 1 intend to start putting some mon away. After that, I plan to mako some smart investments. In the end, by the time Iam sixty, twill have saved up enough to retire and buy a nice weekend house, Topics + My tong tem financial ES Prewriting. Listing Ideas. choose a topic. Then complete the chart. inaseey are ane order to buy Topic: Goal or step My plan Completion date. First Then, ‘Aor that, Finally, ED writing. write a paragraph, using your notes. Use time order words and expressions to organize the sequence of goals or steps in your paragraph. Remember to write a topic sentence. Self-Check. (Did you use time order words or expressions in the paragraph? (Does the sequence of events in the paragraph make sense? (Does the topic sentence introduce the topic of the paragraph? 36 unitsCa ActiveBook: ! EY @ tistening, tisten to:he conversations about money matters. Then decide which statement best summarizes each conversation. Listen again if necessary. Conversation 1. Conversation 2. Conversation 3. a. If he'd known it would just sit around collecting dust, he never would have bought it. b. He's too much of a spendthrift. He should be more frugal. & He's nota spendthrift. He's just feeling generous. 4. If he'd known it would be so hard to put together, he never would have bought it. EB complete the statements with words from the box grammar = vocabulary - listening reading + speoking + pronunciation 1. Steve Gold, an assistant to a big executive at World Corp, saved his charities company a lot of money by purchasing airplane tickets online from a discount travel website. His boss appreciated his being so contribution 2. Bill Gates, founder of the Microsoft Corporation, is not only one of the richest | 8"! ‘men in the world, but he's also one of the most The Gates _| generous Foundation donates a minimum of US $15 billion each year. investment 3. Dan Fielding expected that his in the ComTech philanthropist Corporation would result in a nice However, the voit business failed and Dan lost all of his money. ¥ stingy 4. One of the richest women in history, Hetty Green was also notoriously She once refused to light the candles on her birthday tightwad cake so she could return them to the store for a refund. Hetty is considered. tobe history’s greatest 5. Andrew Carnegie was a famous who gave away over 1US$350 million to « His largest was for 'US$S6 million dollars, which was used to build over 2,500 free public libraries around the world. Write a conditional sentence for each regret below. Begin with an inverted form ("Had I... 1. a regret about your financial situation 2. a regret about something you bought 3. a regret about a relationship 1 express your future plans and goals. Use the perfect form of an infinitive or the future perfect. Before the end of today, I plan By next month, will By the end of the year, I intend 1 2 3. By the end of this English course, I expect, a S. Within five ears, [hope 37VY Looking Good akc EY Topic Preview. these pictures depict concepts of ideal beauty at different times and in different places. Do you find any ofthese fashions attractive? Forcentuties in Japan, the geisha ‘defined beauty snd grace, In eighteenth-century Europe wellto-do sen ane women wore extravagant wigs nd lating, Paduong women of Myanmar begin lengthening thelr necks uth gold bands at the age of five ors In india, Pakistan the Mile East and Aico, ‘women paint theit faces ond hans with enn or special occasions. In New Zealand tis tractional for Maori men to decorate thet faces and bodies with tatoos. ED Express Your Ideas. |. What things do people do today to make themselves more attractive? Which techniques do you think most successful? In your opinion, why do tastes change over time from culture to culture? What do you think this expression means? Do you agree? Beaty is i the Mp of tee beholder neve poser ato otis 38 unitsSound Bites. Read and listen toa conversation between a couple about dressing up and dressing down, MARGO: Don't you think you might be a litle PAUL: How's this? overdressed? MARGO: Now that’s a little 00 casual. PAUL: What do you mean? PAUL: Margo! | wish you'd make up your mind, MARGO: Hello! The invitation sald casual MARGO: And what's with the baggy pants? PAUL: Oops. thought we were supposed to get PAUL: OK. If I change into a polo shirt and a pair dressed up. Be right back of slacks, will that work? MARGO: Perfect. DD Activate Language from a Text. Use the following words to tell the story of what happened inthe conversation, uunderdressed) overdressed formal casual STARTING POINT TD Apply Ideas. Lookat the pictures Are the people dressed appropriately for each event? With a partner, Use the words from Exercise todescribe how the people are dressed, Then compare your answers with other students IDB Relate to Personal Experience. Discuss the questions. ees Ce ceria parted cer 2, Have you ever been underdressed or 39 1. When was the last time you got dressed up? What did you wear?Discuss appropriate dress EY @)crammar snapshot. Read the article and notice the quantities. Dressing Up forWork =o. os Most professionals ‘of US. companies make around the world wear the standard business suit Formal business ate Coptional—allowing casval to work in company clothing every day, ofa. many There ia great deal of countries, there i an Interest in casual dress urwitten dress code code because of ts making it mandatory attraction te new fora man to wear @ } } employees. dark suit and tie and i However, gome critics for a woman to wear complain that casual dress a shirted suit. But in | } inthe office causes alot of several counties, problems. among them. Ye Some complain that business more companies are productivity, Exch manager cowual lads to less productvty. experimenting with casual Fon bumes athe reeds to decide if “business business dress during working thing the post? Casual” right for his of her company. A few ours experts in the fashion industty claim thatthe trend in Australia, during the hotter summer months, toward casual office dress is on the way out. But a umber of companies ate allowing employees to leave recent survey found that a majority of employees their suits at home. And in the United States, alittle say ther company cess code isa feast as eatual or over half ofall office workers are allowed to dress ‘mote casual than it was two yeas ago. TD Examine Cultural Expectations. Discuss the questions. 1. How do professionals dress for work in your country? Do people ever wear “business casual”? What kinds of clothing are mandatory? 2. Do you think the way a person dresses has an effect on how he or she works? In what way? Grammar. Quantifiers ‘Some quantifiers can only be used with singular count nouns. ‘one person ‘each manager ‘every employee NOTE: The quantifier amalority of can ‘also be used with singular count nouns Some quantifiers can only be wsed with plural count nouns. es be aad wh router ong eaoe two problems 2 couple of employees both companies atdui beeen segaarvett afew managers a number of businesses _ several women Noted erat ate dub odode many young people a majority of professors eres etc Some quantifiers can oly be wsed with nor-count nouns. _Kinaotty ofthe population peters a ite conformity much cole 2 reat deal of interest ‘el ores code less productty not as much ststcton ‘Some quantifiers can be used with both count and non-count nouns. 0 people so choco r 8005 some any employees some any cotormay, MMMM) alta ots of companies alt of lt of idualty a third ofthe companies a third ofthe money Dlenty of businesses Plenty of satiacton most manages most dssatistction Miedo eres all young people ai noraten 1 Soc eb recent more counties mor interest seenquneher hak 40. unitsTE Grammar Practice. circle the correct quantifier. Explain your answer. 1. (Most / Much) businesspeople today prefer to dress casually. 2. (Anumber of / A great deal of) companies would prefer not to change their dress codes. 3. (All / Every) manager has to decide what is best for the company and its employees. 4. (One / Several) company in New Zealand decided to try a “casual summer” because the summers are always so hot. 5. Research has shown that a business casual dress code has resulted in (less / a few) job dissatisfaction among professionals. 6. (Alittle / A few) companies are returning to a more formal dress code. TG Grammar Practice. Read the Grammar Snapshot again. On a separate sheet of paper, rewrite the article, using different quantifiers with similar meanings A marty of professionals arcunee the mori, Most prussonals Ya! bazinese attire to wore a around the world wear OO ee A COMpAY obticas.. fcoultaaes ue - : Geotncarmey cr, G ® Listening. Infer Information. Listen to the conversations about casual and mal dress. Determine how best to complete each statement. 1. He'd proferto a. dressup —b, dress down 2. She wants to a. dressup —b, dress down 3. He's pretty sure a tie is optional —_b, mandatory 4. She thinks a dress is ‘optional, mandatory Cana NOW YOU CAN Discuss appropriate dress TED Frame Your Ideas. How do youthink people in your | Events country would generally suggest dressing for these 7 2busnese moving events? Discuss appropriate Hace ceate mete - ‘and inappropriate dress for {ievenrg puny etc orreiarar th tach event. your cesrates = Tricies pay IED Use the Grammar. ina group, compare your classmates opinions, Use quantifiers to summarize your classmates’ ideas. SEDER | peer | DD Discussion. 1. Do you think it’s important to dress according to social conventions? Explain. 21 How does what people wear affect how others perceive them? ayComment on fashion and style oO @ conversation Snapshot. Read and listen. Notice the Conversation strategies ‘A: Check out that guy over there, hich guy? ‘A: The one on the cell phone. Can you believe what he’s wearing? What do you mean? ‘A: Don't you think that shiet’s a little flashy? : Well, the colors ARE pretty loud, but that's what's in style. @ahyrhm and intonation practice Di @) vocabulary. Describing Fashion and Style. ten and practice. attractive tashionable / stylish modem in style trendy /hot” _ternporariy popular ma eae in good taste inn attention-getting = Unattractive Old-fashioned / out of style no longer popular ae in poor taste attention-getting Sesries) offensive TIT ryt To “informal @iistening. Listen to Activate Vocabulary. Listen to the Conversations about fashion and style. Choose the adjective from the 2 Vocabulary that best summarizes each speaker's point of view. 1. They think the purses in the magazine are a. hot b. flashy « elegant 2. He thinks the jacket Carl is wearing is a. stylish b. flashy «striking 3. They think the girl's hairstyle is a striking, b. old-fashioned «shocking 4. He thinks the dress the salesperson is suggesting is a. elegant b. striking, « trendy '5. She thinks the blouse her friend’s holding is aoutofstyle bi tacky & chic 42° unitsDD vocabulary Ps . What do you and your partner think of these fashions and haiestyles? Use the adjectives from the Vocabulary to describe them in your own way. 1 Think and Explain. with a partner, read and match each quote with a person in the photos in Exercise D. Explain your answers. Which quote sounds the most like you? A “Clothing should express your individuality. Idon’t A “Tdraw the line at wild and crazy clothes. !just don't ike want to conform to how other people look or what toattract attention to myselt. m alot more comfortable they wear— prefer to stand out ina crowd.” in subdued colors and classic styles.” “What | wear may not be the most trendy— “iprterolook thet isn't justo fad that won't be in style for but ket that way. Ye rather be comfortable very long. (prefer clothes that are well made—they may than fashionable.” costa bit more but they last longer.” 1to.dress well. always choose designer labels—they're the best.” « SR nO Comment on fashion and style -— well made B “The wayyousessafecs how people pace yu ssinporont confortable IED Frame Your Ideas. Complete each statement about fashions in your own way. | wit and eracy Use these words and expressions. — — _f a T contr —! orale I prefer clothes that . . | stand out — paar attract attention | old-fashioned stylish I don’ like to sat acenton | Crane | cart slike it when women wear clothes tha owavarty | tacky fihing I dislike it when women wr clothes that | y fasty | wendy I dislike it when men wear clothes that shocking IED Use the Conversation Strategies. Explain why you find some fashions attractive and some unattractive, Refer tothe photos on this page or bring in others, Use the Vocabulary from page 42 and the Conversation Snapshot as a guide. Start with one of the following expressions: “Cheek out «+. an you believe «+ ” 43Evaluate ways to change one’s appearance oO oO: tening. Infer Information. Listen to Part 1 of a radio program about men's hairstyles. Then read the statements and listen again. Complete the statements, ‘according to the information in the program. ‘a goutee 1. In the eighteenth century, wigs were considered a chic b. tacky out of style 2. In the nineteenth century, wigs were considered a. in style old-fashioned. striking 3. Before the twentieth century, short hair would not have been considered a. stylish, b. out of style «& shocking, o ® Listening. Listen to Summarize. Now listen to Part 2. What generally happened to men’s hairstyles in the mid-twentieth century? Ga ®o Listening. Infer Information. Read the following statements and listen to Part 2 again. Complete the statements, according to the information in the program. 1. Men changed their hairstyles in the 1960s as a__ statement. a. fashion ' social and political . religious and moral ‘Twenty years ago, the bald look would have been considered eccentric b. stylish ¢. old-fashioned Young people who dye their hair want to bestylish —b, conform express their individuality EX Express and Support an Opinion. Do you agree with the hair stylist that “anything goes” today for men's hairstyles? Are there any hairstyles that you really don't like on a man? Do you think men's hairstyles have improved or gotten worse Inrecent times? tachhas tong hot 44 units« a OD Evaluate ways to change one’s appearance IED Frame Your Ideas, Discuss and complete the checklist with a partner, TBST Bu Cont Pantone Nm eya CPUs Co Which do you think are good ideas for women? How about for men? Which do you think are good for both? Check the appropriate box. skin lightening o oOo contact lenses o oa | skin tanning oo faleeyelashss OO O bodypiecing §=§s makeup og tattoos Oo oO hale coloring o oO facials oO o permanents (perms) [] Oo manicures Oo oO hairtransplants = railextensions = QE wigs Oo oO nailpolshing §=s hai removal oog cosmeticsumey OO other ooo ee BD Discussion. 1. Who do you think should spend more time making themselves attractive— men or women? Why? 2. Can people do too much to try to make themselves attractive? If so, what do you think is “too much”? 45Discuss appearance and self-esteem OQ QOword Skills. Using the Prefix Self-. Use a dictionary to find other words with the prefix self, self-confidence the belief that one has the ability todo things well Parents can build their children’s self-confidence by praising their accomplishments self-esteem the altitude of acceptance and approval of oneself High slfestcem can help a person suceed, and low selfresteem can be damaging. self-image the opinion one has about one’s own abilities, appearance, and character lark’s self-image improve afer he started his seo job self-pity the feeling of being sorry for oneself W's easy fo indulge in self-pity cohen you're faced ‘with problems ADJECTIVES self-centered interested only in oneself Children are naturally sefcentered, but they usually Tearn to be more interested in others as they grow up. self-confident sure of oneself; not shy or nervous in social situations Janet isa very self-confident young woman. She'll do well atthe university. self-conscious worried about what one looks like or what other people think of one’s appearance Everyone atthe meeting wes dressed casually, so I felt self-conscious in my suit self-critical tending to find fault with oneself Paul is too self-critical. He always focuses on his ‘mistakes rather than his accomplishments, EX Reading Warm-up. Do you think most people are self-conscious about how they look? @reading. read the article about female body image. What do you thinks expressed inthe song his? Warnes et he est fom the song "Not Pretty Enough.” writen and performed ‘by Kasey Chambers, an Australian ol ock singer and sont, The word tl us. fot about what i ket ‘be female ina society in which media sch as television, ‘movies and magazines define what it means tobe best. In cures whee success and happiness are equated with being thin and atractve “jus ike models or movie stars many young women ae lef feeling ether ivi oc fatand unacepted. ight not surprise you to read that 75 percent of women inthe United States think that hey at “to fa.” But many people do not alr how these eas about trady mage have afected teenagers and children You dont ‘ewe to look much farther than billboard sign, magaine advertisement, o popular television show ose how is and women are beng presented and to unerstand how it affects ther. [On your ActveBook nd onren ‘Reading Clssary 46 units ‘On average, US. children age eft o older spend lost even hou dy watching tees, paying video ames or reading magazines, Stas have reve these ‘oends + they had just one wish, gs ages eleven to seventeen say they would wish tobe thinner. + Between the ages often and fourteen the percentage of gts who are “happy with he way | am" drops from 60% 102. + Fs often year old ls are on diets + Between 5 and 10 milion tenage gis and young, women have an eating dsoder—entreme dieting — that can be dangerous to their heath «Teenage cosmetic surgeries more than doubled in the lst decade and are growing at an alarming rate. + To gts say they have wanted to lok ean acts. ‘About 30% have actually ted to. ‘Young people can benef frm realizing how much ‘hey ae being targeted asa consumer group and how media messages are used to ether ell them products or convey messages aboot body image, self esteem, sca values, and behavior. Information source: wwuriverdeen.netLE’ identify supporting Details. Complete each statement, according to “Who Defines Beauty?” Then support your answers, using information from the article. 1. The media can be damaging to young people's. a. self-image be high self-esteem €. self-pity 2. Ifgirls had more __, they would not want to look like fashion models, self-pity b. self-confidence —_& selfimage 3. Before the age of ten, most girls are 2. self-conscious b. self-confident —_¢ self-critical 4. After the age of ten, alot of teenage girls suffer from 1. too much self-confidence b. high self-esteem —_¢. low self-esteem TF Apply ideas. piscuss the questions. 1. Are girls and women in your country affected by images in the media? Are boys and men also affected? How? 2. What do you think young people can do to avoid being affected by the messages they get from advertising, TV, and the movies? What can they do to be more satisfied with the way they look and to develop their self-esteem? « ee Discuss appearance and self-esteem Frame Your Ideas. Take the survey. Then compare and explain your choices with a partner. How much do you agree with each statement about men and woreen in your country? SR eeeteeennereneree a Notepadding. Make alist of factors that affect self-esteem, Build sett-esteem Interfere with self-esteem Discussion. - 1. Do you think life is easier for people who are 2. Do you think people should just accept the way they look or try to change their appearances? 3. Inn ideal world, what should one’s self-esteem be 7 { | | | attractive? Why or why not? | | | based on? | JWriting: Compare two people’s tastes in fashion Compare and Contrast: Review Compare (show similarities) Contrast (show differences) like Like Sylvia, I wear jeans all the time. unlike Unlike her sister, Wendy wears great clothes. OR Wendy wears great clothes, unlike her sister. similarly | grew up paying little attention to fashion. Similarly, Mel was not very interested in clothes. OR I grew up paying little attention to fashion; similarly, Mel was not very interested in clothes. likewise My mother always liked elegant clothes. Likewise, her two sisters did too. OR My mother always liked elegant clothes; likewise, her two sisters did too. in contrast I've always liked body piercings and tattoos. In contrast, my boyfriend thinks they're ugly. OR I’ve always liked body piercings and tattoos; in contrast, my boyfriend thinks they're ugly. however Lily had to wear a uniform when she was in school However, I was able to wear anything I wanted. OR Lily had to wear a uniform when she was in school; however, I was able to wear anything I wanted. as well /not either Many people spend too much money on clothes. ‘They spend too much on shoes as well. ‘Our parents’ generation didn’t worry so much about fashion. Their own parents didn’t either. whereas / while Sam spends a lot of money on clothes, whereas Jeff shops in thrift stores. OR Sam spends a lot of money on clothes, while Jeff shops in thrift stores. EY prewriting. Organizing Ideas. Choose a topic and draw a diagram similar to the ‘one onthe tight. Label the circles withthe topics ‘you are comparing and write Both in the middle. List the differences in each circle and the similarities in the middle Th Writing. write two paragraphs comparing and contrasting ideas, referring to the notes in your diagram. In your Fst paragraph, write about the differences. In your second paragraph, write about the similarities. Use connecting words and include a topic sentence for each paragraph, Self-Check. kind of eccentric likes flashy pants, ocky shoes My brother (1 Did you correctly use connecting words for comparing? CJ Did you correctly use connecting words for contrasting? 1 Does each paragraph have a topic sentence? 48 unitsCa Sp ActiveBook: Oo @istening. Listen carefully to the conversations about tastes in fashion. Infer which adjective best describes what each person thinks. 1. The man thinks the suit is 2. stylish bout ofstyle «tacky 2. The woman thinks the dress is 2. chic b. old-fashioned flashy 3. The man thinks the tie is a. fashionable b. out ofstyle «shocking 4. The woman thinks the shoes are a. outofstyle —b. instyle «striking. EX complete each statement with an appropriate word or phrase 1. Asset of rules for how to dress in a particular situation is a dress 2. In the United States and Canada, many companies allow their employees to wear “bu ” on Fridays—they don’t have to wear suits, skirts, or ties. 3. Some companies allow employees to dress for some business meetings Where the focus is on getting fo know each other ina more casual setting. 4. When a fashion is style, people no longer wear that fashion. When a fashion is style, everyone wants to wear it Cross out the one quantifier that cannot be used in each sentence. 1. (Every / A few / Most) older people find today’s fashions pretty shocking. 2. Our company says that it will allow us to dress down (one / a couple of / a few) days a week. 3. (Most / Many / Every) young girls aren't worried about the way they look. 4. (Much / A majority of / A number of) researchers are concerned about the effect the media has on young boys as well 5. (Many / Most / Much) men wore their hair very short in the 1930s, 6. I'd say your sister could use (some / a little / a feww) fashion help. 7. There are (several / most / many) reasons why so many people have eating disorders, 8. Anew study says that (most / many / every) children who watch TV for more than six hours a day may have problems with self-esteem as teenagers. 1 wite2 paragraph explaining your opinion about one of these expressions. Give concrete examples from your if only skin-deep.” eauly is in the eye of the beholder.” 49,C4 Community dca ‘Complain about public conduct EY Topic Preview. Look at the graph and photos. Where do most people live in your country-—in rural or urban areas? Estimated and Projected 7 S pre World Urban and Rural Population the distribut to pop ‘Throughout human history, most people have lived in ‘el aees, In 1950,only 29% ofthe worlds population lied in towns and cite Novi the twenty-first century—for the ste in human history ‘more than half ofthe works population livsin urban areas. popilations began to migrate in Jf sreat numbers to urban areas. Inmany developed counties there hs also been 3 migration but from urban ares to the suburbs a se EX interpret Data from a Graph. with a partner, answer the questions, according to the information in the graph 1. Approximately how many people in the world will be living in urban areas in 2030? How about in rural areas? 2. In what year did the world’s urban population surpass the world’s rural population? TB Express Your Ideas. 1s there much migration in your country? What are some reasons people migrate? SO unitsi ©) sound Bites. read andiisten toa Conversation about city life, Hey, Kyle! So how's the big ity treating you? Funny you should ask. Not great. DON: What do you mean? KYLE: Well, on my way here,|'m crossing the street and this guy in an SUV turns the comer and almost runs me over. ‘Are you serious? Yeah, The driver was in such a big hurry he didn't even notice. | just can't keep up with the pace here. DON: Well, you do have to learn to stay on your toes in the city. KYLE: It really gets to me sometimes. Idon't think 'll ever get used to it. guess Im just a country boy at heart. Gy Think and Explain. Read the conversation again. With a partner, explain the meaning of each ofthe folowing statements or questions. 1. “So how's the big city treating you?” 2. “just can't keep up with the pace here.” 3. “You do have to learn to stay on your te 4, “Tt really gets to me sometimes.” 5. “I'm just a country boy at heart.” Cr ruta STARTING POINT IED Frame Your Ideas. What are some advantages and disadvantages of living in each type of place? Write them in the chart. the country the city the suburbs IBD Discussion. where would you prefer to live—in the country, the city, or the suburbs? Why? 51Politely ask someone not to do something EY @) conversation Snapshot. Read and listen. Notice the conversation strategies fe Do you mind my smoking here? Ke... Actually, smoking kind of bothers me. objection Thope that’s not a problem, | hope thats nota probiem, 2 : ]| 1neb0 you dont mina "hope is OK / a right B: That's very considerate of you. Thanks don't mean to for asking, ‘neonvenience you, A: Not at all. Tean step outside. Rhythm and intonation practice ED Grammar. Possessives with gerunds You can use a possessive Before a gerund when you want to indcat the performer at the action. The kis” snging was to lous Your constant agving geting on my nes Ik ike their talking Sing te move Yu shuts complain aout Sam's cating nine The thing that other me is her smoking. In informal spoken English, a noun or an objet pronoun i often used instead ofa possessive. {can understand Join being annoyed. (instead of “Stns being annoyed”) Lean’ accept them ignoring me. (asied of “thekgnerig me") Ty Grammar Practice. combine the two statements, using a possessive with a gerund. Example: They allow smoking. I'm not in favor of it et..in favor of their allowing smoking. He plays his MP3 player in the library. I don’t appreciate that 2. They smoke cigars in the car. My mother objects to it, 3. She's talking on her cell phone. We don’t mind it My brother litters. I'm really annoyed by it $2. unitsNegative prefixes | D1 © word skills. Using Negative Prefixes to Form Antonyms. oe 1. acceptable > unacceptable 4. proper > improper or 2. considerate + inconsiderate 5. respectful + disrespectful 3. polite + impolite 6. responsible irresponsible — ETE] aa aaa A Word skills Practice. Use a dictionary to find antonyms for the following words. [tment What other adjectives can you find with negative prefixes? 1. appropriate > 5. honest 2 courteous > 6. pleasant 3. excusable 7. rational 4. imaginable 8. mature Ef Activate Word Skills. Write your own examples of inappropriate behavior. Use the adjectives from Exercises D and E. Example: 4s inconsiderate fo play lous music. on a bus. % 2 3. 4 5. « anon » Politely ask someone not to do something ED Notepadding. Discuss situations in which you would probably ask for permission to do something. Make a list on your notepad. | smoking in a restaurant. | cong an tha Tn doctor's matting roam — -| | making. call on my cell phone to public —— { Your list: TB Use the Conversation Strategies. Role playa ‘conversation asking for permission to do something. ‘Your partner politely asks you not to doit. Use the Conversation Snapshot as a guide. Start like this: "Do you mind my..." 53Complain about public conduct EY © Grammar Snapshot. Read the interview responses and notice the paired conjunctions. What ticks you off? ol Se Chicago, Cae Hore’s comething that What ticks me off” Wel, e (a gets on my nerves: | leant understand wey hate wien people use people iter. Who do they | | You know what gets to Ser thee cel phones in public think is going to clean ie? Smoking. I's such Po places. They annoy other Up ater them? Either ‘an inconsiderate habit. people, not only on rains they should throw thei Secondhand egarette ‘and buses but also in garbage in a trash can or smoke is nether good theaters. They should hold on toi ti they find for you ner pleasant to have the courtesy to fone. I thinks great that be around. I's ke to see either turn thai poonee te realy bugs me when ‘people spt onthe street. Not only doit agusting, buts ateo people have to pay a fine smoking banned from unhygienc. I's impertant off orto leave them at for itering. Mayoe they mare pubic places. Don't | to think about ether home. trey makes me ‘Pink twee before doing ron-emokers have rights peoples foalings and ‘angry: | guess it's kind of Hagan 100? pbc health ny pet peeve EX Express Your Ideas. Do any of the behaviors described in the interview responses “tick you off"? With a partner, discuss and rate each of them as follows ‘extremely annoying somewhat annoying _—_nt annoying at all CTT “copemenen < I Grammar. Paired conjunctions ‘You can connect related ideas with paired conjunctions. BE CAREFUL! When not ony... but (also) joins two eee ‘lauses, notice the subject-verb position in the first ‘clause ofthe sentence. Either smoke ouside or don't smoke ata Cl poomes givlld ether be bend tor et at foe ‘Nt only id they forget to tur off their cel phones, but ; they aso tad loudly during the concert. neither... nor Nt only are they roy, but theyre rude | would allow neither sping nor litering on the sect. either eating nor chewing gum is acceptable in ass. Verb agreement with paired conjunctions ‘When joining two subjects, make sure the verb agrees Tot only CD players but also cell phones should be banned eo gener orem eee ther the mayor or local businesspeople need to decide. from trains Ether local businesspeople or the mayor needs to decide. 54 unitsEd Grammar Practice. ona separate sheet of paper, combine the sentences with the paired conjunction indicated, Use or, nor, or but (also). 1. My uncle isn’t willing to give up smoking. My grandparents aren’t willing to give up smoking. (neither) 2. People should speak up about what bothers them, They should just lear to live with other people’s habits. (ether) 3. Idon’t like it when people use cell phones in theaters, I don’t lke it when they use them con buses. {not only) 4. The smell of the smoke bothers me. The danger to my health bothers me. (not only) Gear Complain about public conduct Notepadding. Make a list of some of the things that really get on your nerves in public places. Then write sentences with paired conjunctions to express your opinion. Use some of the adjectives with negative prefixes. | IED Use the Grammar. One students an “on-the-street interviewer” and asks the other students ‘about what gets on their nerves, Use the sentences with paired conjunctions from your notepad in your responses. what really ticks me offis... I cant understand why... Ill tell you what really You want to know gets on my nerves... what really bugs me? DD discussion. 1. In your opinion, how should people behave in public places? Do you think it’s important to speak up when people behave inconsiderately in public? 2. Do you ever do things that annoy other people? Explain. 55GOAI Discuss social responsibility a vocabulary. Ways to Perform Community Service. Listen and practice. Ger InvotveD Wirn Your Communiry! EX Vocabulary Practice. would you ever consider doing any of the community service activities in the Vocabulary? With partner explain why you would or would not. @ istening, Listen to Summarize. Read the questions and Tisten to Part tof the story about Nicholas Green and his family Take notes on your notepad. Then summarize the first part of the story with your partner. Where mere the Greens from? ‘What were they doing in Italy? ‘What happened to Nicholas? What decision did his parents make? How did the Italian people zeact? Bo Daistening. Listen for Details, Read the questions and listen to Part 2. Discuss your answers with a partner. 1. What changes occurred in Italy after the Greens made their decision? What is “The Nicholas Effect”? 2. How many people received one of Nicholas’s organs? What effect did his gift have on their lives? 3. Asa result of this incident, what are the Greens doing today? 56 unitsGi critical thint your own ideas. 1g. Discuss the questions, using information from the listening passage and 1. Do you think you would have made the same decision the Greens did if you had been in their situation? Why or why not? 2. Why do you think people responded so strongly to this story? AORN ND Discuss social responsibili IED Frame Your Ideas. Consider each situation and discuss what you might do. Based on your answers, how strong do you think your “sense of community" is? Compare ideas with a partner. “Tbe hoppy to donate money tohelpa stranger People should help each other: There has been a terrible storm, and many homes have been destroyed. You're asked to let a family live with you until their home is fixed. What would you do if they were... 2. your relatives? . your colleague's family? b. your neighbors? 4. complete strangers? Someone needs a new liver to survive. Doctors say that they can use a piece of your liver to save that person’s life. What would you do if the person were. 2. afamily member? your classmate? your neighbor? 4. acomplete stranger? Developers plan to destroy a well-known historical monument so they can build a new office building. You're asked to donate your time to help save that monument. What would you do if the monument were a. in your neighborhood? in another city in your country? b. inanother art of the city? d. inanother country? ID Discussion. Have you or someone you know ever volunteered for some kind of community service? How important ist for a person to be active in his or her community? Explain, 587Identify urban problems EX Reading Warm-up. What problems do you think cities of 10 million or more people might share? TY ©) Reading. read the interview. Do you agree with Dr Perlman views? The Advent of the Megacity Following is an interview with Dr Janice Perlman, founder and president of Mega-Cities Project, nc. Her organization attempts to make cities worldwide more livable places by taking good ideas from one place and trying to make them work in another. Q. How do you deine “megady AA. Vie define megacites in ou work a5 Mexico City. ovgr18 milion (2005) cies that have reached popwatins of 10 millon ct more. The maja of these aren develop Migeation to the cys the route fr ape eae cole, oppor, and By cing to settle in the cy, hey have infect “voted with the fet" . do mepcties in te dertoped and a Why are these paces going be very ingot inthe next handed yeas? A. he 21st cena won't be seal tn bu of giant ies wil set the standard of how we be, how ou ewitcorent is preserved (or nat preserved), hw we de deveoping wera ed by cain simlaris? ‘AL. Tse lige cites have a at mare in comman with each ther than they do with usa vlogs inher oa courte. For example, every megacy stunges vith 2 widening gap betneen rch and poor Every first word” cy, such as Los Angeles, New Yerk London, or Tolga has within a “hid wor city of pen and depo, And every ti ol iy such a Caleta, Cat, ot Manca Cy, has witha ita st-noeld cy of igh cute, technology, fshon, and finance nad el megacies shar 3 providing jabs and economi making housing, education nd hel care ‘lable. They deal wth rine and ven, as wel a asic inrastucne such 35 wa 7 roxy tat The leaders ofthese ces recognize tat they have similar problem, and they would le to lear ref es, particalary about success lutions we ate gong to ceate fable ‘he nent centr, we wll eed ercugh 0 trough ecaboration and operation, Tat is why the Mega-ities Project works to share experiences that work tos boundaries of cule and geography. tobe deve Q. 1s theo central planing? A. Absolutly nt. We need decertrabzed Pecning that includes localizes. tn my ew ‘tempts to eae planned cies ice Basis ot Chandgah nto urban problems tit ris the spontanetyof els that gren agarcal ke Rio e Janeiro, Bombay, o even New York Ciy. Thebes example of utan planing Fve sen recently isin Curt, Bail which setup a brillant pubic wansportaon system in aniopation of popdation growth. The his ee Sena, Pas, o Barcelona al have eemenis of ring tated to bulings of sina eights fad achitectre, but they eve not cently planned. Tee i alot of desty within the desig, a people lave to goto those cies Megacties ae eal ery exc places. The ruth ce never met a megacty that | dl He ThewordsTen | Sua i tangent Urban Areas _|" Sie nots [ade oye ga ma [ma |v 2 Men Cy Mens ves | 02 | 3 Siero nes [es | « 4 news ess | tee | 26 | 9 5 Munbsidonbop, its 157 | 262 | 2 6 Shashi Cina wf |e 7 teshogdes nies | —r26 | a? [as S tots Calta, nae [at | a | a0 9 tomas Ane Anetinn | 19 | 139 | a7 10 Sect es me ts Le 58 UNITS [on your ActveBook disc Reading Glossary 3nd ‘Comprehension Questions Ext Reading Tnformation source: unsumegacilesmiojactargTG confirm Content. check the types of urban problems Dr. PetIman mentions or suggests in the interview. CG poverty pollution GQ unemployment inadequate public Clackofhousing Cl disease. ‘discrimination transportation O crowding O crime O corruption Understand from Context. Read each statement from the interview. Choose the sentence closest to what Dr. Periman means. Use information from the article to explain your answers. 1. “By coming to settle inthe city they have in effect ‘voted with ther feet.” ‘a. People are making it clear which kind of life they prefer. bi. People would rather live inthe country than live in the city ‘c. People don’t have as much opportunity in the city as they do in the country. 2. “Every ‘irt-world city... has within ita ‘third-world’ city of poverty and deprivation. And every third-world city ... has within ita firstworld city of high culture, technology, fashion, and finance.” 2. Some megacites have more poverty than others b. All megacities have both poverty and wealth. Some megacities have more wealth than others. 3. “The Mega-Cities Project works to share experiences that work across boundaries of culture and geography.” a, The Mega-Cities Project helps megacities communicate their success stories to the people who live in that cit b, The Mega-Cities Project helps megacities communicate their success stories to other cities in that country. The Mega-Cities Project helps megacities communicate their success stories to _megacities in other countries, 1 infer information. Discuss the questions. Support your opinion with information from the article. 1. Why does Dr. Perlman say she prefers cities that are not planned over planned cities? 2. Why do you think Dr. Perlman thinks megacities are exciting? Do you agree? 3. Do you live in a megacity, or have you ever visited one? What are the pros and cons of living in a megacity? 4. Do you think life in megacities will improve in the future or get worse? Why? Qian YOU CAN Identify urban probl oblems IED Frame Your Ideas. Check which urban O poverty © pollution problems you think exist in your area. Discuss m with a partner and provide examples. aes Kacomuption O crowding O hack of housing ID Discussion. Talk about the problems you've O fisease O discrimination identified. As a group, discuss at least five ways © inadequate public CD unemployment to make improvements in your town or city. transportation —— ES other: BED Project. choose several socal problems that exist in your town oF Gy. Write letters to a local newspaper suggesting possible solutions. 59Writing: Complain about a problem Formal Letters: Review Eo _ When writing to friend oF family member, an informal tone, ans when writing to the head of a company, a boss, or someone j ate June 26,2006 8 9108 | you don't know, standard formal language should be used, | | and regular spelling and punctuation rules apply. Formal Tose Bay ices letters are usually typewritten, not handwritten. The following hacen Pooh on | Philadetphia, ennsyivania 19102 ‘aitations ond closes se approptte or formal eters sit AF a te cet ronal aa LE iasseeinteemsnnmrec. | Dear Mr./Mrs./Ms./Dr./Professor [Leek Sincerely (yours), the past several months, I have noticed = ms, have noticed that in the rena theresa itnahon heen ns Dear Sir or Madam: Respectfully (yours), Duiling, Cats in the neighborhood tu aim | REE mtenaceetee” | | 's Pot only unpleasant to look at, but itis also | ‘To whom it may concern: a heath hazard Cordially, . y =e please man cure that when the | Letters of Complaint | Nar heing ep our nhc oe ‘When wating a formal etter of complaint first state the reason Donutful would be grealy appreciated. ‘why you are writing and the problem. Then inform | tshomever you are wring what you would ke himor 80-1. Respect, her to do about itor what you plan to do. | , = sonar | livia Krum | EY prewriting. Listing Ideas. Think of a problem eae | in your community that you would like to complain about. List the reasons why itis @ problem. BD Writing. onc separate sheet of paper use your notes to write a letter of complaint. State what YU intend to do or what you would like to see done. Remember to use the appropriate level of — formality. Problem: #rash on sisto of builaing Reasons: -unsleteint to look att ~hoaith haart G seit-check. G Did you use the proper salutation and closing? © Are the tone and language in the letter appropriate for the audience? C1 Did you use regular spelling and punctuation and avoid abbreviations? ED Peer Response. Exchange letters with a partner, Wite an appropriate response to your partner's letter, as if you were the person to whom it was addressed. 60 units2 ActiveBook: ! ‘grammar - vocabulsy - liening fending + ‘speaing » pronunciation EY @Mistening. Listen carefully to the conversations about cities. Check the adjectives lat are closest in meaning to what the people say about each place. Listen again if necessary. ee ? s &f eg ¥ = ow we Zé t.mrichin OO OO O00 OO OO 2 osAngeles OO OO O09 O09 OO 3. Singapore QQ B89 QB OQ 4. Paris OO O00 O00 O00 O00 EB Respond to each question in your own way. 1. “Do you mind if I call someone on my cell phone?” 2. “Would you mind not smoking in here?” 3, “What bugs you about living in your town?” 4,_“Who do you know that really gets on your nerves?” our ‘Make each sentence logical by attaching a negative prefix to one of the adjectives, Use a dictionary if necessary. 1. Painting graffiti on public buses and trains is__-§. When a salesperson is rude, I find it not really excusable. only respectful but also annoying. 2. I believe littering and spitting on the street are 6. should warn you that the air pollution, responsible behaviors, downtown is really pleasant. 3. Young people who play loud music without 7. I think politicians who are honest and consideration for the people around them are corrupt should be punished. exhibiting really proper behavior. 8. It doesn’t help when people are courteous I think it's very appropriate for people to to each other. scream into their cell phones in theaters. = EX combine the sentences with the paired conjunction indicated, Use or, nor, or but (also). 1. Restaurants shouldn't allow smoking. Theaters shouldn't allow smoking. (neither) 2. Smoking should be banned. It should be restricted. (either) 3. Littering doesn’t offend me. Spitting doesn’t offend me. (neither) 4. [think loud music is rude. I think loud people are rude. (not only) 61Animals LY Topic Preview. Find your birth year on the Chinese Zodiac What's your animal sign 62 unitsTA] sound Bites. read and tsten toa Wonversation between two friends at the 200, ALICIA: | can't believe I let you talk me into coming here. | really havea problem with zoos. BEN: Cimon. These guys have got it made. They're well- ‘cared for. They're healthy. They've got plenty of food. ALICIA: You could say the same thing about people in prisons. What about freedom? | hate seeing animals coped up in cages. BEN: You think animals are any happier in the wild? ‘Always hungry? Running from some bigger animal that's trying to eat them? ALICIA: I don't know. Maybe not, BEN: Just look at that tiger over there, Where else ould you see such a beautiful animal up close? ALICIA: You'te right about that. He is magnificent. Bi think and Explain. with a partner, discuss the questions and support your answers with information from Sound Bites. 1. What is Alicia's objection to 2008? 2. How is Ben's attitude different from Alicia's? 3. What does Ben mean when he says, “These guys have got it made"? 4. What do All ja and Ben agree on about STARTING POINT Associate Ideas. What adjectives do you associate with different animals? With a partner, choose five adjectives and discuss an animal you think each adjective describes frightening ‘ADJECTIVE ANIMAL unusual > fun |; friendly : calm irritating loving attractive unfriendly independent disgusting hardworking quiet 63Exchange opinions about the treatment of animals EY © Grammar snapshot. Reas the posts on a discussion board and notice the passive mods. co dsuchet © menber Does anyone else get as fed up a: mekouones do about the inhumane treatment of animals? In my opinion, animals should ‘never be killed just for sport or entertainment. Hunting, bullighting, and any other “sport” that involves the kiling of defenseless animals should be completely banned. What do you all think? Is kiling animals ever justified?) ees Reiko T © gues ‘As far as 'm concerned, the needs of people come first. For example, animals have to be used for medical research to make sure new medications are safe. It just can't be helped. Otherwise, new treatments might not be discovered. Laura Propoggio enmd:on120 | agree with Relko—people frst. But that doesn't moan animals should be treated inhumanly. Recently \was reading about corporate cattle farms, and Iwas shocked at how crowded and fithy the conditions are. 'm sure animals don't have to be raised like that Bl Evaluate Ideas. D0 you agree with any of the opi board? Why or why not? Tl Grammar. The passive voice with modals ‘Gan for present possibilty or ability ‘Alternatives can be found for medical research on animals. ‘Might (nof) and could for present or future possibility ‘New medicines might be discovered through animal testing. Cattle might not be mistreated if people knew bout the conditions. ‘Alot could be done to improve conditions. ‘Coulda’t and can’t for present impossibility Research couldn't be done today without animals. Sometimes testing on animals can’t be helped, ‘Should and shouldn't for advisability ‘Corporate chicken farms should be shut down, People shouldn't be prohibited from hunting. Have to and must for necessity ‘Some animals have to be Killed. Traditions lke bullfighting must be preserved. NOTE: Must is rarely used in informal English. 64 units is expressed on the discussion Co Modal nd moda tke cigressions smmory Yes / no questions ‘Gan other types of research be found? ‘Should factory farms be shut down? ‘Must animals be used for research? Do animals have to be used for research? Information questions How can animals be trained to help humans? What could be done to improve conditions? ‘Why must thelr wes be respected? ‘Why do ter lives have to be respected? rene ck at meee eet hah to ‘koresses prohibition, Bet muatnat bhooe *ave 10 be hile Yor inca Sy Trae ee iachTX Grammar Practice. write sentences using modals and the correct form of the passive voice. |. People / should / allow to hunt deer 2. Alternatives to animal research / might / discover, 3. Wild animals / shouldn't / keep as pets 4. Fox hunting / should / ban. 5. The treatment of animals / could / improve. Ti ©@ vocabulary. Ways Animals Are Used or Treated. Listen and practice. ) oe Tay ead Fo ae Theyemsinads prio Theyiekept Bee rs . Theyte led for ae , J ‘ay let ‘They'e raised for fighting, They trained to help people with disabilities They'e slaughtered for food. Hd integrated Practice. ona separate sheet of aware ru paper, write your opinion about each ofthe ways animals are used or treated. Use the passive voice with modals. + be kext in zoos #0 people can enjoy thom, Ue Ge) BeT ND Exchange opinions about the treatment of animals IB Use the Grammar. Exchange opinions with a partner about the ways Dsagresing animals are used or treated. Ask and answer questions, using passive modals. sae whet you mean, but Thats one way 0 ook at i, “Animals have to be used for medical Expressing an opinion research. We can't experiment on | ink /betove/ fot. humans, can we?” ite moray wr RS OK under some “Actually, don think animals eceeunaances should be treated thot way. ts wrene no mate what 1m in favor of I thinkits morally wrong.” im opposed to IBD Discussion. compare your classmates’ opinions on the treatment of animals. Does the majority of the class feel the same way? 65Discuss the benefits of certain pets a @ conversation Snapshot. Read and listen. Notice the Conversation strategies, A: I've been considering getting an iguana for a pet. : Are you out of your mind? I’ve heard they're filthy. A: Actual and make great pets In what way? ‘A: Well, for one thing, they're very intelligent. And believe it or not, [ find them beautiful. that’s a misconception. Iguanas are very clean. @nythm and intonation practice &, Bi © wocabulary. Describing Pets. Listen and practice adorable cute and charming, affectionate ‘exceptionally friendly and loving gentle / good-natured | easygoing: good with people and other pets low maintenance | easy to care for and inexpensive to keep Toyal / devoted attentive to its owner; reliable aggressive violent; sometimes dangerous costly expensive to buy and to take care of destructive harmful to furniture and other things filthy unclean; makes a mess high maintenance | time-consuming to take care of Gg @Diistening. yen to Activate Vocabulary. Listen to the conversations about pets. Then fen again and complete the chart. Use adjectives you know that best describe the advantages and disadvantages the people talk about. Discuss if you think the people will get the pet ‘Advantages Dern Conversation 1 Conversation 2 Conversation 3 Conversation 4 66 uNiT6Express and Support an Opinion. Discuss the questions. 1. Do you think that an animal can be a good companion? Why or why not? om 2. Do you know anyone who is very attached to his or her pet? Why do you think some people get so close to their animals? Canaan VeRO ND Discuss the benefits of certain pets IE Notepadding. which animals do you think make good pets or bad pets? With a partner, discuss and ‘make a lst on your notepad. Use the pictures or other animals you know. Write complete sentences, Using the Vocabulary from page 66. - Good pets: ‘Why? — Badpes Wh? IED Use the Conversation Strategies. Role-play a conversation about getting a pet. Use the Conversation Snapshot as a guide. Start like this: “I've been considering getting..."Compare animal characters EX @) vocabulary. Describing Character Traits. Listen and practice clever able to use one’s telligence to do something. gullible too ready to believe what other people say, and therefore easy to trick ‘mean willing to hurt others, especially with words selfish caring only about oneself and not likely to share with others sincere saying what one really feels or believes vain too proud of one’s looks, abilities, or position wise able to make good decisions and give good advice based on life experiences TD Vocabulary Practice. Complete each sentence with an adjective from the Vocabulary. Don’t be so When something sounds too good to be true, it usually is! He is so that he won't go out if his hair is a bit messy Carla is really open and You can always trust her to say what she means. My parrot is so that he’s learned how to say three new words this week. Our neighbor is really When kids play in front of her hous. she always yells at them, My grandfather knew how to help me with my problems. He was really It’s normal for young children to be They usually don’t want other children to play with their toys Gg Oistening. Draw Conclusions. Tisten tothe fable of “The Fox and the Crow." Choose character tats from the Vocabulary to describe each ‘animal, Then listen again and write the moral.or the lesson, ofthe story in your own words. ‘Adjectives for the fox ‘Adjectives for the crow ‘the moral of the story “The fox saw a crow ina tree.” 68 uNiT6Bo Oistoning. Draw Conclusions. Tow listen to the fable of “The Peacock’s Tail” Choose character tats from the Vocabulary to describe each animal ‘Then listen again and write the moral of the story in your own words. Adjectives for the peacock Adjectives for the sparrow ‘The moral of the story “A small brown spanow sat in a tree watching the peacoc hs Make Comparisons. Discuss the questions. 1. How are the crow and the peacock alike? What trait or traits do they share? 2. Have you ever known anyone who has the same traits as the peacock, the crow, the fox, or the sparrow? Explain, GERATIEDD compare animal characters IB Notepadding. what are your favorite animal stories from books, cartoons, TV programs, or movies? Choose three animal characters and describe the animals'charactr traits on your notepad. Animal characters Character traits 1 BD Associate Ideas. with a partner, compare and discuss the animal characters you chose. What moral or lesson about life do you think the characters try to teach? BB Discussion. why do you think writers often use animals instead of people in stories? Why do you think so many children’s stories are about animals? 69Debate the value of animal conservation EEX Reading Warm-up. What are some endangered animals you can think of? What are some threats to their survival? o @Oreading. Read the article. Do you agree with the point of view expressed? The eath is rich in bialversty with milions of efferent species of plants and animals, However, many species are