Statistics and Probability: MODULE 2 Normal Distribution

Senior High School
Statistics and
Probability
MODULE 2 Normal Distribution
Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Statistics and Probability
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 2: Normal Distribution
First Edition, 2019
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government
agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such
work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition
the payment of royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from
their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim
ownership over them.
Published by the Department of Education Division of Cagayan de Oro

Schools Division Superintendent, Cherry Mae L. Limbaco
Development Team of the Module
Authors: Femechel B. Jariolne Jeramie C. Tijap

Monica B. Delima
Reviewers: Evangeline M. Pailmao Emily A. Tabamo

Rufe Felicilda
Layout and Design: Arian M. Edullantes
Management Team
Chairperson: Cherry Mae L. Limbaco, PhD, CESO V
Schools Division Superintendent
Co-Chairperson: Rowena H. Para-on, PhD

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Members
Lorebina C. Carrasco, OIC – CID Chief
Marlon Francis C. Serina, School Principal
Norma B. Delima, School Principal
Joel D. Potane, SEPS/LRMS Manager
Lanie O. Signo, Librarian II
Gemma Pajayon, PDO II
Printed in the Philippines by

Department of Education Division of Cagayan de Oro
Office Address: Zone 1, Upper BalulangCagayan de Oro City 9000
Telefax: (088) 880-7071, (088) 880-7072
E-mail Address: cagayandeoro.city@deped.gov.ph
Senior High School
Statistics and
Probability
Module 2
Normal Distribution
This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed by
educators from public schools. We encourage teachers and other education
stakeholders to email their feedback, comments, and recommendations to the
Department of Education at cagayandeoro.city@deped.gov.ph.
We value your feedback and recommendations.
Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Table of Contents
What This Module is About ................................................................................................................ i
What I Need to Know ......................................................................................................................... i
How to Learn from this Module ......................................................................................................... ii
Icons of this Module .......................................................................................................................... ii
What I Know (Pretest) ...................................................................................................................... .iii
Lesson 1:
Normal Distribution ........................................................................................................ 1
What I Need to Know .............................................................................................. 1
What’s In ………………………………………………………………………… 1
What’s New … ......................................................................................................... 3
What Is It ................................................................................................................. 3
What’s More ............................................................................................................ 4
What I Can Do ......................................................................................................... 5
Lesson 2:
Areas Under the Normal Curve ........................................................................... .6
What’s In ………………………………………………………………………… 6
What’s New … ......................................................................................................... 6
What Is It ................................................................................................................. 7
What’s More ............................................................................................................ 10
What I Can Do ......................................................................................................... 10
Lesson 3:
Shaded Region Under the Normal Curve ................................................... 11
What’s In …………………………………………………………………………11
What’s New … ......................................................................................................... 11
What Is It ................................................................................................................. 12
What’s More ............................................................................................................ 15
What I Can Do ......................................................................................................... 15
Lesson 4:
Understanding the Z- Scores ................................................................................ 16
What’s In ………………………………………………………………………… 16
What’s New … ......................................................................................................... 16
What Is It ................................................................................................................. 17
What’s More ............................................................................................................ 19
What I Can Do ......................................................................................................... 20
Lesson 5:
Percentiles Under the Normal Curve ............................................................. 21
What’s In ………………………………………………………………………… 21
What’s New … ......................................................................................................... 21
What Is It ................................................................................................................. 21
What’s More ............................................................................................................ 25
What I Can Do ......................................................................................................... 25
What I Have Learned ………………………………………………………….........……26
.
Assessment: (Post-Test) ……………………………………………………………………………...…….27
Key to Answers ............................................................................................................................... …29
References ...................................................................................................................................... …32
Module 2
Normal Distribution
What This Module Is About
Sets of random variables are not always discrete. At most, you will be calculating
probabilities of very large cases and end up with good predictions and decisions relative to the
population. At times like these, you encounter data that are of continuous type.
This module will consider distribution of this type known as the Normal Probability
Distribution or the Normal Curve. While the distribution takes on a wide range of data values,
meaning the existence of extreme numbers are evident, still this allows the data to be normally
distributed and appear to be less varied. That when plotted, is visualized to approximate the
shape of a bell.
Most statisticians found the normal curve easy to use since most of
statistical tests can be derived from the normal distributions.
More so, because it works very well even when the distributions are approximately normally
distributed so with those very wide deviations* from normality.
This module will take the lessons on:

Lesson 1 – Understanding the Normal Curve Distributions
Lesson 2 – Identifying Regions of Areas Under the Normal Curve
Lesson 3 – Determining Probabilities
Lesson 4 – Understanding the Z-Scores
Lesson 5 – Locating Percentiles Under the Normal Curve
What I Need To Know
Once you have gone through with this module, you are expected to have gained the ability to:
1. illustrate a normal random variable and its characteristics (M11/12SP – IIIc – 1);
2. construct a normal curve (M11/12SP – IIIc - 2);
3. identify regions under the normal curve (M11/12SP – IIIc - 3);
4. convert a normal random variable to a standard normal variable and vice versa
(M11/12SP – IIIc – 4); and
5. compute probabilities and percentiles using the standard normal table (M11/12SP –
IIId - 1).
i
How to Learn from This Module
In order to gain the skills mentioned above and meet what is expected of you,
you need to do the following:
• prepare yourself to acquire essential body of knowledge;
• desire to work independently and learn to accurately calculate and solve
mathematical problems religiously;
• patiently read all the contents discussed with comprehension; and follow all the
steps presented on the illustrations in answering the problems considered.
• familiarize the following words contained in studying normal distribution. The word/s
marked with * has been defined in this vocabulary.
Icons of this Module

What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that
Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.
What I know This is an assessment as to your level of

knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
Knowledge
What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that
of the current one.
What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

various activities, before it will be presented
to you
What is It These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and under-
standing of the concept.
What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in-

tended for you to practice further in order to
master the competencies.
What I Have Activities designed to process what you

Learned have learned from the lesson
What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show-

case your skills and knowledge gained, and
applied into real-life concerns and situations.
ii
What I Know
Directions: Read and analyze the statements below. Encircle the letter of the correct
answer.
1. Which of the following is the area under the normal curve?

A. 0 C. 2
B. 1 D. 3
2. Which of the following is the curve symmetrical to?
A. Mean C. Standard deviation
B. Variance D. Area
3. If the z-value is 0.42, what is the area?
A. 0.0800 C. 0.1628
B. 0.0279 D. 0.3129
4. Find the area if the value of z = -0.13.
A. 0.0248 C. 0.1398
B. 0.0517 D. 0.2467
5. If the area is 0.4977, what is the z-value?
A. 1.63 C. 2.01
B. 1.97 D. 2.83
6. Find the area between z=-1 and z=3.
A. 0.8300 C. 0.8400
B. 0.8350 D. 0.8450
7. Find the area between z= -1.5 and z=-1.3.
A. 0.0100 C. 0.0300
B. 0.0200 D. 0.0400
8. If the area is 0.8351, what are the two values of z.
A. z=0.24 and z=0.31 C. z=-0.13 and z=-1.3
B. z=1.6 and z=2.1 D. z=-2.5 and z=1
9. Find the area of the proportion in the probability notation P(1<z<3).
A. 0.1573 C. 0.1575
B. 0.1574 D. 0.1576
10. Solve for the proportion of the area of the probability notation P(z>1).
A. 0.1585 C.0.1587
B. 0.1586 D.0.1588
iii
11. Find the area of the proportion in the probability notation P(z>-2.5).
A. 0.9937 C.0.9936
B. 0.9934 D.0.9938
12. Given =180 and  = 15 in a college entrance examination, find the corresponding z-
value of the score by the following students if X = 150.
A. 2 C. 2.5
B. -2 D.-2.5
13. From the given in number 12, what is the z-value if X = 200?
A. 1.33 C.1.99
B. 1.66 D.2.22
14. What is the value of 70th percentile?

A. 0.13 C.0.52
B. 0.23 D.0.71
15. What is the value of 82nd percentile?

A. 0.92 C.0.53
B. 0.83 D.0.23
iv
Lesson
1 Normal Distribution
The normal distribution is the most important distributions in statistics. Many researchers
from different field use its idea in order to test their research hypotheses that will generate new
knowledge and transform this knowledge into new applications that improve the quality of
people’s lives (Albay 2019, p. 82). As Senior High School students, you are expected to learn
normal distribution and its characteristics and how to construct normal curve.
What I Need to Know
At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:

1. illustrate a normal random variable and its characteristics;
2. construct a normal curve;
3. describe the characteristics of normal random variable; and
4. discuss the importance of knowing ourselves better than the other.
What’s In
To understand the concept of the normal curve distribution, let’s start by

sketching the frequency polygon of each of the following frequency distributions.
The following frequency distributions show the score of students in a Mathematics quiz.
Table 1 Table 2 Table 3
Score, X Frequency, f Score, X Frequency, f Score, X Frequency, f
5 1 11 1 15 1
4 3 10 2 14 2
3 5 9 3 13 3
2 3 8 5 12 4
1 1 7 7 11 5
N 13 6 8 10 6
5 7 9 7
4 5 8 8
3 3 7 7
2 2 6 6
1 1 5 5
N 44 4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
N 64
1
Guide Questions:
1. Sketch a frequency polygon of each distribution.
2. For each distribution, compute for the three measures of central tendency (mean,
median and mode). What do you observe? Where did you find these measures on the
graph (left end, at the center or right end)?
3. If we will continue to increase the number of students, what do you think will the shape
of the graph be?
Answers:
1. The frequency polygon of each frequency distribution.
Graph 1 Graph 2 Graph 3
2. Computing for the mean, median and mode of each given distributions, we will realize
that the resulting values are equal. Since these measures are equal, they all lie at one
point. That is, at the center of the graph.
3. If we will continue to increase the number of students then in the long run, we can
approximate the graph to the shape of a bell.
In reality, if a distribution contains a very large number of cases with equal measures of
central tendency values, then the distribution is symmetrical* and the skewness* is 0. In
statistics, it is called normal distribution or normal curve (Rene, et al. 2015). In specific
sense, it is called a normal probability distribution whenever the frequencies are converted to
probabilities.
2
What’s New
Activity 1
Consider the following data pertaining to the points of the students in Mathematics test.
13 68 51 66 82 87 48
66 60 75 41 67 101 42
77 63 37 57 37 78 61
42 67 60 54 49 43 64
The data have an average of 59.15 and a standard deviation of 17.856.
Guide Questions:
1. Graph the data using probability histogram
2. list all your observations about of the graph.
What Is It
Now, to understand the nature of normal distributions, let us learn more about the properties
of a normal probability distribution. There are six properties of normal distributions and these are
the following:
1. The curve of the distribution is a bell-shaped.
2. The curve is symmetrical about the mean.
This means if we will cut the curve about the

mean, we will have balanced proportions of
the halves. Specifically, we say that one is a
reflection of the other. Meaning, the qualities
exhibited by one are the same qualities exhibited
by the other.
3. The mean, median and mode are of equal values and when sketched, they coincide at
the center of the graph.
This means that the mean, median and mode

of the given distribution are located at exactly
one point since their values are equal, and
they are located at the center the graph which
indicates the highest peak of the curve.
Mean = Median = Mode
3
4. The width of the curve is determined by the standard deviation of the distribution.
The curve considered at the left side defines a

standard normal curve. A standard normal
curve is a normal probability distribution that has
mean value equal to 0 and standard deviation
equal to 1.
width of the curve
This property explains that the standard normal curve is

used as a guide for distributions which has mean value not
equal to 0 and standard deviation
not equal to 1.
86 89 92 95 98 101 104
For instance, in a given distribution with mean equals 95 and standard deviation equals 3, the
width of the curve will be 3 numbers away from each other, which is determined from the given
standard deviation.
5. The curve extends indefinitely approaching the x-axis but never touching it. Thus, the
curve is asymptotic to the line.
6. The area of the region under the curve is 1. It represents the probability or percentage
or proportion associated with the specific sets of measurement values.
This means that for every specific

measurement value, there corresponds
exactly one probability / percentage /
proportion value which describes a
particular area of the region under the
normal curve.
What’s More
Directions: Look at the graph below and answer the following questions
Questions:
1. Give the following:
1.1 mean score _______
1.2 Median score ________
1.3 Modal score ________
2. What is the standard deviation?

_______________________________
4
What I Can Do
Activity 1
Sketch a normal curve for each distribution. Label the x-axis at one, two, and three standard
deviations from the mean.
1. mean = 30; standard deviation = 5
2. mean = 95; standard deviation = 12
5
Lesson
2 Areas Under the Normal Curve
What I Need to Know
1. identify regions under the normal curve;

2. find the area of z under the normal curve; and
3. discuss the importance of determining our property.
What’s In
This activity determines your understanding about what you had learned
about properties of normal distribution. Answer the following questions below?
Questions:
1. What is the mean of the distribution?
2. What is the median of the distribution?
3. What is the mode of the distribution?
4. What is the standard deviation of the distribution?
What’s New
Directions: Look at the following figures below and find the area of the
shaded region. Show your solution.
A. 10 cm B.
15 cm
6
Guide Questions:
1. How do you solve for the area of the shaded region in figure A?
2. How do you solve for the area of the shaded region in figure B?
3. Is method finding the shaded region in figure A and B the same? Why? Why not?
What Is It?
Finding the shaded area of the polygon is different from finding the area of the
shaded region in the normal distribution. For polygons, we use formulas and simple
calculations to find the shaded region however, in the normal distribution, we use the z-
table to locate the z-value.
A specific proportion of the area of the region under the curve can be calculated
manually using the formula
where
Y represents the height of the curve at a particular value of X

X represents any score in the distribution
σ represents the standard deviation of the population
μ represents the population mean
π = 3.1416
𝑒 = 2.7183
However, this formula is now rarely used because of the readily available z-Table which
displays all the area of the region under the curve given a z-value.
Steps in finding the area under the normal curve given a z-value
1. Express the given z-value into a three-digit number.

2. Using the z-Table, find the first 2 digits on the first column.
3. Find the third digit on the first row on the right.
4. Read the area for probability at the intersection of the row (first 2 digit
number) and column (third digit number). The value observed at the
intersection indicates the area of the given z-value.
7
Illustration
1. Find the area that corresponds to z=2.
Finding the area that corresponds to z = 2 is the same as finding the area
between z=0 and z= 2.
Steps Solution
a. Express the given z-value to a 3 digit

z = 2 becomes z = 2.00
number
b. In the table, find the first two digit number on (2.0)

the first Column
c. Find the third digit on the first Row (.00)
d. Read the probability at the intersection of The area at the intersection is 0.4772
row 2.0 and column .00
8
2. Find the area that corresponds to z=1.45.
Finding the area that corresponds to z = 1.45 is the same as finding the area
between z = 0 and z = 1.45.
Steps Solution
a. Express the given z-value to a z = 1.45

3 digit number (it is already expressed to a 3 digit
number, so just copy the given)
b. In the table, find the first two (1.4)

digit number on the first
Column
c. Find the third digit on the first (.05)

Row
d. Read the probability at the The area at the intersection is 0.4265.

intersection of row 1.4 and
column .05
What’s More
9
Activity 1
Find the area of the region under the curve that corresponds between the given z-
values. Then for each item below, SKETCH the standard normal curve and
SHADE IN the area you are being asked to find.
1. z = 0.63 3. 2.08
2. z = 1.32 4. z = 1.70
What I Can Do
Match the z-value given in column A to its corresponding area in column

B. Then, identify the hidden message by filling in the letters indicated in column
B to the corresponding number indicated in each blank below.
Column A Column B
1. z = 0.04 L. 0.3554
2. z = 1.06 V. 0.4817
3. z = 2.8 M. 0.4987
4. z = 2.09 T. 0.3531
5. z = 0.49 C. 0.4999
6. z = 3.02 S. 0.0517
7. z = – 0.03 I. 0.0160
8. z = – 1.05 A. 0.0120
9. z = – 2.22 E. 0.1879
10. z = – 3.78 O. 0.4974
11. z = – 0.13 H. 0.4868
Decode the message.
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 5 6 7 8 1 10 11
10
Lesson
Shaded Region Under the
3 Normal curve
What I Need to Know
1. identify regions under the normal curve;

2. find the shaded region under the normal curve given specific conditions; and
3. discuss the importance of determining our property.
What’s In
Let us review what you had learned in lesson 2 by doing this activity. Give the
correct area of z-score to trace the correct path. If area is missing fill in the
area.
Z=2.3 A=_____
___
0.0871
0.4901 0.4893
Z=0.02
Z=1.22 Z=1.67
0.3888 0.0080
0.0871
Z=1.67
A= ______
What’s New
Directions: Look at the following figures below and find the area of the
shaded region. Show your solution.
A.
A. 10 cm B.
4 cm
15 cm 11
Guide Questions:
1. How do you solve for the area of the shaded region in figure A?
2. How do you solve for the area of the shaded region in figure B?
3. Is method finding the shaded region in figure A and B the same? Why? Why not?
What Is It
Mathematicians are not fond of lengthy expressions. They use

denotations, notations, or symbols instead. So, in this lesson you are expected
to learn how to compute probabilities using the standard normal table. Let’s start
first with probability notations.
Probability notations are commonly used to express a lengthy idea into symbols
concerning the normal curve.
The following are the most common probability notations used in studying concepts on
the normal curve.
P(a < z < b) this notation represents the idea stating the probability that the z-value is between
a and b
P(z> a) this notation represents the idea stating the probability that the z-value is above a
P(z< a)this notation represents the idea stating the probability that the z-value is below a
where a and b are z-score values.
P(z = a) = 0 this notation represents the idea stating the probability that the z-value is equal to
a is 0. This notation indicates that a z-value is equal to exactly one point on the
curve. With that single point, a line can be drawn signifying the probability can be
below or above it. That is why, for a z-value to be exactly equal to a value its
probability is equal to 0.
Let us familiarize some of the terms involved in using notations.
Negative P(z < a) Positive P(z > a)

“less than z” “greater than z”
“to the left of z” “to the right of z”
“below z” “above z”
“lower than” “more than z”
“under z” “at least z”
12
Illustration.
1. Find the proportion of the area between z = 2 and z = 3.
Steps Solution
Draw a normal curve.

Locate the required z-values.
Shade the required region.
Locate from the z-Table the

z = 2 has a corresponding area of 0.4772
corresponding areas of the given z-
z = 3 has a corresponding area of 0.4987
values.
With the graph, decide on what
operation will be used to identify the With the given graph, the operation
proportion of the area of the region. to be used is subtraction.
Use probability notation to avoid P(2 < z <3) = 0.4987 – 0.4772 = 0.0215
lengthy expressions.
The required area between z = 2
Make a concluding statement.
and z = 3 is 0.0215.
2. Find the proportion of the area below z = 1.

Steps Solution

Locate the required z-value.
13
z = 1 has a corresponding area of
Locate from the z-Table the
0.3413.
corresponding areas of the given z-
This area signifies only from z = 0 to
value.
z=1
With the graph, decide on what With the given graph, the operation
operation will be used to identify the to be used is addition.
proportion of the area of the region. P(z < 1) = 0.5000+ 0.3413 = 0.8413
Use probability notation to avoid This is so because the area of the
lengthy expressions. region from z = 0 to its left is 0.5 since
it represents half of the normal curve.
With the property that the curve has
area equal to 1, therefore half of its
area signifies 0.5000 or 0.5.
The required area below z = 1 is

Make a concluding statement.
0.8413.
3. Find the proportion of the area that the z-value is exactly equal to 1.
Steps Solution

Locate the required z-values.
With the given graph, there is no

need to decide on what operation to
Locate from the z-Table the be used since as defined, if a z-value
corresponding areas of the given z- is equal to exactly one number then
values. its probability or the proportion of the
area of the region is automatically 0.
With the graph, decide on what

operation will be used to identify the
P(z = 1) = 0
proportion of the area of the region.
Use probability notation to avoid
lengthy expressions.
Make a concluding statement. The required area of z= 1 is 0.3413.
14
What’s More
Activity 1
Challenge Me!
1. Find the probability that z is between two values 0.43 and 0.72. Sketch the
normal curve/s neatly.
What I Can Do
Activity 1
Solve for the proportion of the area of the following probability notations. Then,
sketch the normal curve shading the required region of each given notation.
1. P(-2 < z <1)
2. P(z > 3)
3. P(z < -2)
4. P(z >-1.5)
5. P(z = -1)
15
Lesson
4 Understanding the Z- Scores
What I Need to Know
1. identify regions under the normal curve; and

2. convert a normal random variable to a standard normal variable and vice
versa.
What’s In
Let us review what you had learned in lesson 3 by doing this activity.
Activity: Sketch the regions bounded by z=0.67 and z=1.56 and find its area.
Show your solution in your paper.
Solution:
What’s New
Let us understand z-score by considering the problem below.
Mrs. Bastillada conducted a test survey about determining the current level of students’
learning on Geometry. After checking the test questionnaires, she was amazed that a student
attained 50 correct answers. What is the corresponding z-value of the student’s score if the
sample mean of the test results was 45 and standard deviation is 6?
Reflective Questions:
1. How will you find the probability of the data if data is too large?
____________________________________________________________________________
2. Can you make use of the normal curve to find for the probability of a large value? How?
____________________________________________________________________________
16
What Is It
Let us begin understanding the z-scores by acknowledging that for a given distribution, it
is more preferred to have a larger set of data in order to make good generalizations. However,
at times in a given distribution, raw scores may be composed of large values and large values
cannot be accommodated at the baseline of the normal curve. Thus, the raw scores have to be
transformed into z-scores in order to get meaningful decisions relative to the concepts of finding
the equivalent percentage and probability of the given measure of value from the mean.
For any population, the mean and the standard deviation are fixed. This gives the way to
understand that for every raw score X, there corresponds an exactly one z-score value, and vice
versa. Therefore, if we wish to find the percentage associated with X, we must find its matched
z-value using the z formula.
The z formula is given by:
The area of the region under the normal curve represents the probability or percentage
or proportion of a given measurement value. It is computed by subtracting the measurement X
to the sample Ẍ or population mean, then dividing the result by the standard deviation. The
resulting value gives the z-score. The z-score indicates the distance between a given
measurement X and the mean expressed in standard deviations. It locates either within a
sample or within a population. But for now, a readily available z-Table is made to obtain the
corresponding area given a z-score.
Steps in finding the z-score given the mean (µ) , standard deviation ( σ ) and the measurement
(X)
1. Use the formula for finding the z-score
2. Check the given values: mean (µ) , standard deviation (σ) and the
measurement (X)
3. Substitute the given values in the formula
4. Compute for the z-value
17
Illustration
Solve the following problem.
1. In Mrs. Shirley’s science class, a student gained a score of 46. What is the z-value of his
score if test result has population mean 45 with standard deviation of 2?
Steps Solution
a. Use the formula for finding the z-scores
of population data
b. Check the given values µ = 45, σ = 2, X = 46

c. Substitute the given values in the z = 46− 45
Formula 2
d. Compute the z- value z=12 = 0.5
Therefore, the z-value that corresponds
to the raw score of 46 is 0.5.
0.5
39 41 43 45 46 47 49 51
Mean
2. Leslie got a score of 68 in an examination she participated. What is the corresponding z-

value of her score if the result has mean = 75 and standard deviation= 5.
Steps Solution
a. Use the formula for finding the z-scores
of population data

c. Substitute the given values in the z = 68− 75
Formula 5
d. Compute the z- value z = -7 = -1.4
5
to the raw score of 68 is -1.4.
18
3. Mrs. Bastillada conducted a test survey about determining the current level of students’
learning on Geometry. After checking the test questionnaires, she was amazed that a
student attained 50 correct answers. What is the corresponding z-value of the student’s
score if the sample mean of the test results was 45 and standard deviation is 6?
Steps Solution
a. Use the formula for finding the z-
scores of population data

c. Substitute the given values in the z= 50 – 45
Formula 6
d. Compute the z- value z = 5 = 0.83
6
to the raw score of 50 is 0.83.
What's More
Let us deepen your understanding with this activity.
Activity 1
Answer the problem below.

1. The mean grade of Adrian in the final examination in Mathematics was 85 and the
standard deviation was 7. In Science, his mean grade was 89 and the standard deviation
was 13. He scored 90 in Mathematics and 94 in Science. In which subject was his
standing higher?
19
What I Can Do
Activity 1
1. You are applying for a job that requires a score on either a P Test or an A Test. The
company needs only one test result. You have acquired scores on both tests. You’ve
scored 98 on the P Test and 112 on the A Test. Which test results will you most likely to
submit? Is the information enough for you to convince yourself on submitting your
chosen test result? Explain why.
Activity 2
Given µ= 110 and σ = 10 in a college entrance examination, find the corresponding z-

value of the scores gained by the following students. Show all your solutions and
sketch its graph.
1. X=98
2. X=65
3. X=120
4. X=74
5. X=135
20
Lesson
Percentiles Under the Normal
5 Curve
What I Need to Know
1. define percentile;
2. compute probabilities and percentiles using the standard normal table; and
3. share the importance of making inference based on probabilities.
What’s In
Let us review what you had learned in lesson 4 by doing this activity.
Directions: Answer the problem below. Show your solution.
Suppose that blood sugar levels are normally distributed with a mean of 100
mg/dl (milligrams per deciliter) and a standard deviation of 10mg/dl. David has a
blood sugar level of 85 mg/dl. Calculate and interpret David's z-score.
What’s New
Let us start understanding percentile under the normal curve by considering

the situation below. Answer the questions briefly.
For instance, you were told by your teacher that your Mathematics grade for the quarter
is 92 and your grade is at the 88th percentile. This means 88% of your classmates scored lower
than 92 and 21% scored more than 92 in the subject.
Reflective Questions:
1. What is 88th percentile mean?
2. What is percentile for?
What Is It
A percentile is a measure used in statistics indicating the value below which a

given percentage of observations in a group of observations fall. It is a measure of relative
standing as it measures the relationship of a measurement of the rest of the data.
21
For instance, you were told by your teacher that your Mathematics grade for the
quarter is 92 and your grade is at the 88th percentile. This means 88% of your classmates
scored lower than 92 and 21% scored more than 92 in the subject. This explains that 88th
percentile is located at a point such that 88% of the total population lies below that point and
12% lies above.
At this point, we are given with the area or the proportion of the area of the region
under the normal curve. We wish to identify the corresponding z-value of the given area. With
this, we need the z-Table to find the z-value required corresponding to the given area and if not
found, we take the nearest value. The number that corresponds to the first column and first row
of the intersection attained from the locating the given area is the required z-value.
Example 1
1. Find the 86th percentile of the normal curve.
By definition, the P86 means locating an area before or below the point. We want to
know what the z-value is at this point.
Steps Solution
a. Draw the appropriate normal

curve.
86% is the same as 0.8600

b. Express the given percentage as
probability
0.8600 = 0.5000 + 0.3600

c. Split 0.8600 into 0.5000 and
0.3600
d. Shade 0.5000 on the sketched

normal curve
The area is not found in the table.

e. Refer to the table of areas under
It is between the values of 0.3599
the normal curve. Locate the
and 0.3621, with corresponding z-
area of 0.3600
value of 1.08 and 1.09, respectively.
f. Locate the nearest value of The nearest value of 0.3600 is

0.3600 from the values 0.3599 0.3599 which corresponds to the z-
and 0.3621 value of 1.08.
22
g. Locate 1.08 on the curve and
Therefore, the z-score by which the
draw a line through under the
relative comparison starts at 1.08.
curve
h. Shade the region to the left of

1.08.
The shaded region is the 86%

percentile of the distribution.
i. Describe the shaded region
Meaning, 86% of the distribution lies
below the z-value 1.08.
2. Find the 95th percentile of the normal curve.
Steps Solution

curve.
b. Express the given percentage

95% is the same as 0.9500
as probability
c. Split 0.9500 into 0.5000 and

0.9500 .5000 + 0.4500
. 4500
e. Shade 0.5000 on the sketched
normal curve
The area is not found in the
f. Refer to the table of areas table. It is between the values of
Under the normal curve. 0.4495 and 0.4505, with
Locate the area of 0.4500 corresponding z- value of 1.64
and 1.65 respectively.
Since both values display the
same amount of distance away
from 0.4500, we cannot just
f. Locate the nearest value of
easily pick a number from the
0.4500 from the values 0.4495
values 0.4495 and 0.4505 and
and 0.4505
find it the nearest of 0.4500.
Thus, we need to do the
interpolation.
23
g. Do the interpolation. 1.64 + 1.65
𝑧𝑛 =
2
In doing so, locate the = 1.645
corresponding z-values of 0.4495
and 0.4505. Then, find the average Therefore, the corresponding z-
of the two z-values. value of 0.4500 is 1.645.
h. Locate the z-value 1.645 and

draw a line through under the
Curve
i. Shade the region to the left of
1.645
The shaded region is the 95%
percentile of the distribution.
j. Describe the shaded region
Meaning, 95% of the distribution
lies below the z-value 1.645.
3. Find the 32nd percentile of the normal curve.
Steps Solution

curve.
b. Express the given percentage as 32% is the same as 0.3200

probability
c. Refer to the table of areas under The area is not found in the table. It is
the normal curve. between the values of 0.3186 and
Locate the area of 0.3200 0.3212, with corresponding z- value of
0.91 and 0.92 respectively.
d. Locate the nearest value of The nearest value of 0.3200 is 0.3212

0.3200 from the values 0.3186 which corresponds to the z-value of
and 0.3212 0.92.
e. Locate the z-value 0.92 and Therefore, the z-score by which the
draw a line through under the relative comparison starts at 0.92. 32%
Curve is located at the left side of the curve
since the value does not reach 50%
(half of the curve) or above. Thus, the
z-value 0.92 should be located at the
left side of the curve.
24
f. Shade the region to the left of
0.92
g. Describe the shaded region Since 0.92 must be located at the left
side of the curve, it must contain a
negative sign indicating to where it
should be located. Thus, the shaded
region is the 32% percentile of the
distribution. Meaning, 32% of the
distribution lies below the z-value -0.92.
What’s More
Activity 2
Activity 1
Answer the following:

1. What is the corresponding percentile and x- value that has a z-score = -2.3 with
mean = 100 and standard deviation = 10 ?
2. Clara decided to give slippers to the street children. The slipper sizes of the children are
normally distributed with a mean of 11.5 and standard deviation of 1.25. What is the
corresponding percentile and x-value for street kid that has a z-score of -3.1?
What I Can Do
Activity 1
Solve for the percentile of the following numbers. Then sketch its graph.
1. 30th
2. 52nd
3. 15th
4. 88th
25
What I Have Learned
These are thoughts that you had learned in this module:
➢
A standard normal curve is a normal probability distribution that has mean equal to 0
and standard deviation equal to 1.
➢
The normal probability distribution has the following properties:
1. The curve of the distribution is a bell-shaped.
2. The curve is symmetrical about the mean.
3. The mean, median and mode are of equal values and when sketched, they coincide
at the center of the graph.
4. The width of the curve is determined by the standard deviation of the distribution.
5. The curve extends indefinitely approaching the x-axis but never touching it. Thus,
the curve is asymptotic to the line.
6. The area of the region under the curve is 1. It represents the probability or
percentage or proportion associated with the specific sets of measurement values.
* Formula for computing the z-value.
where X = the raw score
µ= population mean
Ẍ = sample mean
= population standard deviation

s = sample standard deviation
26
Assessment
Directions: Read and analyze the statements below. Encircle the letter
of the correct answer.
1. Which of the following is the area under the normal curve?

A. 0 C. 2
B. 1 D. 3
2. The curve is symmetrical to which of the following?
A. mean C. Standard deviation
B. variance D. Area
3. If the z-value is 0.42, what is the area?
A. 0.0800 C. 0.1628
B. 0.0279 D. 0.3129
4. Find the area if the value of z = -0.13.
A. 0.0248 C. 0.1398
B. 0.0517 D. 0.2467
5. If the area is 0.4977, what is the z-value?
A. 1.63 C. 2.01
B. 1.97 D. 2.83
6. Find the area between z=-1 and z=3.
A. 0.8300 C. 0.8400
B. 0.8350 D. 0.8450
7. Find the area between z= -1.5 and z=-1.3.
A. 0.0100 C. 0.0300
B. 0.0200 D. 0.0400
8. If the area is 0.8351, what are the two values of z.
A. z=0.24 and z=0.31 C. z=-0.13 and z=-1.3
B. z=1.6 and z=2.1 D. z=-2.5 and z=1
9. Find the area of the proportion in the probability notation P(1<z<3).
A. 0.1573 C. 0.1575
B. 0.1524 D. 0.1576
27
10. Solve for the proportion of the area of the probability notation P(z>1).
A. 0.1585 C. 0.1587
B. 0.1586 D. 0.1588
11. Find the area of the proportion in the probability notation P(z>-2.5).
A. 0.9937 C. 0.9936
B. 0.9934 D. 0.9938
12. Given = 180 and = 15 in a college entrance examination, find the
corresponding z-value of the score by the following students if X = 150.
A. 2 C. 2.5
B. -2 D. -2.5
13. From the given in number 12, what is the z-value if X = 200?
A. 1.33 C. 1.99
B. 1.66 D. 2.22
14. What is the value of 70th percentile?

A. 0.13 C. 0.52
B. 0.23 D. 0.71
15. What is the value of 82nd percentile?

A. 0.92 C. 0.53
B. 0.83 D. 0.23
28
Key to Answers
What I Know (Pre-Test)
1.B 9. B
2.A 10. C
3.C 11. D
4.B 12. B
5.D 13. A
6.C 14. C
7.C 15. A
8.D
29
30
Assessment (Post test), page 32
1.B 9. B
2.A 10. C
3.C 11. D
4.B 12. B
5.D 13. A
6.C 14. C
7.D 15. A
8.B
31
References
Albay, Eduard M.,Statistics and Probability, 2nd ed.Makati City: DIWA Textbooks, 2019,
81-108.
Banigon, Ricardo Jr., Camilon, Maita, Manalo and Catalina.General Mathematics. 1st
ed. Manila, Philippines: Educational Resource Corporation.(2016)
Belecina, Rene R, Elisa S. Baccay, and Efren B. Mateo. Statistics and Probability.
Sampaloc, Manila, Rex Bookstore, 2016.
Canva. Accessed December 22, 2020. https://www.canva.com/education
Crisologo, L., Hao, L., Miro, E., Palomo, E., Ocampo, S., and Tresvalles, R.General
Mathematics Teacher’s Guide. Department of Education-Bureau of Learning
Resources, Ground Floor BonifacioBldg, DepEd Complex Meralco Avenue,
Pasig City, Philippines 1600. Lexicon Press Inc. (2016).blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph.
Definition of Frequency Polygon. Retrieved from:

https://cursos.campusvirtualsp.org .Date Retrieved: January 24, 2019
Definition of Probability Distribution. Retrieved from:

http://statisticsbyjim.com/basics/-probability-duistributions/.Date Retrieved:
January 24, 2019
Definition of Symmetrical. Retrieved from:

http://mathworld.wolfram.com/search?query=symmetrical+deviatiion&x =0&y=o .
Date Retrieved: January 24, 2019
Definition of Symmetrical. Retrieved from: https://www.tutorialspoint.com/-

mean_median_and_mode/- finding_mean_of_ symmetric_distribution.html.Date
Retrieved: January 24, 2019.
Education.ti.com. 2020. [online] Available at: <https://education.ti.com/-

/media/files/activities/aus-nz/mathematics/probability-and-chance/percentiles—
zscores/percentiles_and_z_scores_student.doc?rev=34f4affd-9731-456b-abc1-
bfea5956cbe3&la=en&hash=EF3B113F645729259BA099DB22F877FCB1B3AA
93> [Accessed 30 June 2020].
HyperStat Online Contents. Image of a Normal Curve. Retrieved from:

https://davidmlane.com. Date Retrieved: January 22, 2019
Normal Table. Retrieved from: http://www.growingknowing.com/-

GKStatsBookNormalTable1.html. Date Retrieved: January 24, 2019
32
Notification Bell. Image of a Bell. Retrieved from: https://pngkey.com. Date Retrieved:
January 22, 2019
Orines, F. General Mathematics. 2nd ed.Manila, Philippines: Phoenix Publishing House

Inc.(2016), Chapter 5 pp. 1 – 55
Oronce, O. General Mathematics. 1st ed. Manila, Philippines: Rex Publishing House
(2016), pp.226 - 335.
Zorilla, R., Esller, B., Partible, F.,Mendoza, V.,Cabrera, M. Statistics: Basic Concepts
and Applications. 2011 edition. Malabon City, Philippines: Mutya Publishing
House Inc. (2011), pp. 176-194.
33
For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education
Division of Cagayan de Oro City
Fr. William F. Masterson Ave Upper Balulang Cagayan de Oro
Telefax: (08822) 855-0048
E-mail Address: cagayandeoro.city@deped.gov.ph
34

Statistics and Probability: MODULE 2 Normal Distribution

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Statistics and Probability: MODULE 2 Normal Distribution

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Senior High School

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Published by the Department of Education Division of Cagayan de Oro

Development Team of the Module

Authors: Femechel B. Jariolne Jeramie C. Tijap

Reviewers: Evangeline M. Pailmao Emily A. Tabamo

Layout and Design: Arian M. Edullantes

Co-Chairperson: Rowena H. Para-on, PhD

Printed in the Philippines by

We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

What I Know (Pretest) ...................................................................................................................... .iii

This module will take the lessons on:

What I Need To Know

Icons of this Module

What I know This is an assessment as to your level of

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

What is It These are discussions of the activities as a

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in-

What I Have Activities designed to process what you

What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show-

1. Which of the following is the area under the normal curve?

14. What is the value of 70th percentile?

15. What is the value of 82nd percentile?

What I Need to Know

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:

To understand the concept of the normal curve distribution, let’s start by

Score, X Frequency, f Score, X Frequency, f Score, X Frequency, f

1. Sketch a frequency polygon of each distribution.

1. The frequency polygon of each frequency distribution.

Graph 1 Graph 2 Graph 3

2. list all your observations about of the graph.

2. The curve is symmetrical about the mean.

This means if we will cut the curve about the

This means that the mean, median and mode

The curve considered at the left side defines a

width of the curve

This property explains that the standard normal curve is

This means that for every specific

2. What is the standard deviation?

1. mean = 30; standard deviation = 5

2. mean = 95; standard deviation = 12

2 Areas Under the Normal Curve

What I Need to Know

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:

1. identify regions under the normal curve;

1. What is the mean of the distribution?

2. What is the median of the distribution?

3. What is the mode of the distribution?

4. What is the standard deviation of the distribution?

Y represents the height of the curve at a particular value of X

1. Express the given z-value into a three-digit number.

1. Find the area that corresponds to z=2.

a. Express the given z-value to a 3 digit

b. In the table, find the first two digit number on (2.0)

c. Find the third digit on the first Row (.00)

a. Express the given z-value to a z = 1.45

b. In the table, find the first two (1.4)

c. Find the third digit on the first (.05)

d. Read the probability at the The area at the intersection is 0.4265.

Match the z-value given in column A to its corresponding area in column

Decode the message.

What I Need to Know