Adjustment of Periodic Counts Expansion factors, used to adjust periodic counts, are determined either from contin- uous count stations or from control count stations. Expansion Factors from Continuous Count Stations, Hourly. daily, and monthly expansion factors can be determined using data obtained at continuous count stations, Hourly expansion factors (HEFS) are determined by the formula total volume for 24-hr period HEF = ——______t_— volume for particular hour These factors are used to expand| counts of durations shorter than 24 hour to 24-hour volumes by multiplying the hourly volume for each hour during the count period by the HEF for that hour and finding the mean of these products.Daily expansion factors (DEFs) are computed as average total volume for week DEF = average volume for particular day ‘These factors are used to determine weekly volumes from counts of 24-hour duration by multiplying the 24-hour volume by the DEF. Monthly expansion factors (MEFs) are computed as AADT MEF = XD T for particular month ‘The ADT for a given year may be obtained from the ADT for a given month by multiplying this volume by the MEF. Tables 4.5, 4.6, and 4.7 give expansion factors for a particular primary road in Virginia. Such expansion factors should be determined for each class of road in the classification system established for an area, Table 4.5 _ Hourly Expansion Factors for a Rural Primary Road Hour Volume Hour Volume 6:00-7:00 a.m. 294 42.00 600-7:00pm. 743, 7:00-8:00 a.m. 426 29.00 7:00-8:00 p.m. 706 8:00-9:00 am. 560 22.05 $:00-9:00 pm. 606 9:00-10:00a.m. 657—«18.80 9:00-10:00 p.m. 489 10:00-11:00am. 722, 17.10 10,00-11:00 p.m. 396 s 667 «18.52 114:00-12:00 a.m. 360 6601871 1200-100 am. 241 739° (16.71 4:00-2:00 am. 150 1484 100 1477 90. 12.85 86 5:00-6:00 p.m. 892 1R.8S 137 Total daily volume = 12.350. Table 4.6 Daily Expansion Factors for a Ry Day of Week Sunday 7895 Monday 10714 Tuesday 9722 Wednesday 11413 ‘Thursday 10714 Friday 131125 Saturday 11530 Total weekly volumeExample 4.5 Calculating AADT Using Expansion Factors A traffic engineer urgently needs to determine the AADT on ¢ rural primary road that h s the Volume distribution characteristics s jown in Tables 4.5,4.6, and 4.7. She collected the data shown below on a Tuesday during the month of May. Determine the ADT of the road. Solution: 7:00-8:09 a.m, 400 535 650, 710 650, ‘¢ Estimate the 24-hr volume for Tuesday using the factors given in Table 4.5 (400 x 29.0 +S: X 22.05 + 650 x 18.80 + 710 x 17.10 + 650 x 1852) 5 = 11,959 ‘+ Adjust the 24-hr volume for Tuesday to an average volume for the week using the factors given in Table 46. Total 7-day volume = 11,959 x 7.727 11,959 x 7.727 Average 24-hr volume 7 3.201 * Since the data were collected in May, use the factor shown for May in ‘Table 4.7 to obtain the AADT. AADT = 13201 1.394 = 18,402 Table 4.7 Monthly Expansion Factors for a Rural Primary Road Month ADT January 1350 February 1200 March 1150 April 1600 May 1700 June 2500 July 4100 August 4550 September 3750 October 2500 November 2000 December 1750 Total yearly volume = 28.450. Mean average daily volume = 2370.Volume and Travel Time Using Moving-Vehicle Technique The data in Table 4.9 were obtained in a travel time study on a section of highway using the moving-vehicle technique. Determine the travel time and yolume in each direction at this section of the highway. Mean time it takes to travel eastward (7) = 2.85 min Mean time it takes to travel westbound (7,,) = 3.07 min Average number of vehicles traveling westward when test vehicle is traveling eastward (N,) = 79.50 Average number of vehicles traveling eastward when test vehicle is traveling westward (N,) = 82.25, Average number of vehicles that overtake test vehicle while it is traveling west- ward (O,,.) = 1.25Table 4.9 _Data from Travel Time Study Using the Moving-Vehicle Technique No. of No. of Vehicles Vehicles Run Travel Traveling Qvertook ——Overtuken Direction! Time in Opposite Test by Number (min) Direction Vehicle Test Vehicle Eastward 1 215 80 1 2 255 B 2 3 2.85 83 o 4 3.00 8 0 5 3.05 gL 1 6 2.70 2 3 1 282, 2 1 8 3.08 78 oo Average 2.85 79.50 1.00 Westward 1 2.95 B 2 ° 2 315 83 1 1 3 3.20 5) 1 1 4 2.83 85 1 0 3 330 80 2 1 6 3.00. 70 1 2 1 3.22 @ 2 1 8 291 8L a 1 Average DB 13 875nea aeSpace Requirements for a Parking Garage The owner of a parking garage located in a CBD has observed that 20% of those wishing to park are turned back every day during the open hours of 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. because of lack of parking spaces. An analysis of data collected at the garage indi- cates that 60% of those who park are commuters, with an average parking duration of 9 hr, and the remaining are shoppers, whose average parking duration is 2 hr. If 20% of those who cannot park are commuters and the rest are shoppers, and a total of 200 vehicles currently park daily in the garage, determine the number of additional spaces required to meet the excess demand. Assume parking efficiency is 0.90. Solution: ‘+ Calculate the space-hours of demand using Eq. w D= S(t) Commuters now ing served = 0,6 X 200 x 9 = 1080 space-hr Shoppers now being served = 0.4 x 200 X 2 = 160 space-hr 200 ‘Total number of vehicles turned away = 200 = 50 08 ‘Commuters not being served = 0.2 X 50 X 9 = 90 space-hr Shoppers not being served = 0.8 X 50 x 2 = 80 space-hr Total space-hours of demand = (1080 + 160 + 90 + 80) = 1410 Total space-hours served = 1080 + 160 = 1240 Number of space-hours required = 1410 — 1240 = 170 ‘+ Determine the number of parking spaces required from Eq. 4.13. S =f D4 = 110 space-hr * Use the length of time each space can be legally parked on (8 a.m. through 6 p.m. = 10 hr) to determine the number of additional spaces, 0.9 x 10 x N = 170 N = 1889 At least 19 additional spaces will be required, since a fraction of a space cannot be used,