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Math10 Q3 Module 2 Solvingproblemsinvolvingpermutations v2
Math10 Q3 Module 2 Solvingproblemsinvolvingpermutations v2
NOT
10
Mathematics 11
Quarter 3 - Module 1
Solving Problems Involving
Permutations
Lesson 1: Page
Solving Problems in Permutations using the
Fundamental Counting Principle – Day 1 1
What I Know 1
What’s In 3
What’s New 4
What Is It 7
What’s More 8
Guided/Controlled Assessment
Independent Practice
What I Can Do 15
Assessment 17
Guided Assessment
Independent Assessment
Additional Activities 24
Lesson 2:
Solving Problems in Permutations using the
Permutations Formula – Day 2 25
What I Know 25
What’s In 27
What’s New 28
Page
What Is It 30
What’s More 32
Guided/Controlled Assessment
Independent Practice
What I Can Do 39
Assessment 40
Guided Assessment
Independent Assessment
Additional Activities 46
Lesson 3:
Distinguishable and Circular Permutations – Day 3 47
What I Know 47
What’s In 49
What’s New 50
What Is It 54
What’s More 57
Guided/Controlled Practice
Independent Practice
What I Can Do 64
Assessment 65
Guided Assessment
Independent Assessment
Additional Activities 71
Summary 72
Assessment (Post-Test) 73
Answer Keys 75
References 79
What This Module is About
This module is about solving problems involving permutations.
This will require the knowledge and skill of the basic counting technique
called the Fundamental Counting Principle. As you go over the
discussion and exercises, you will understand and know how to solve
different problems using the permutations formula and distinct or
distinguishable permutations and circular permutations. With the
dissimilar activities or exercise being furnished of this module, may you
find this material challenging and engaging as it develops your critical-
thinking and problem-solving skills. Enjoy reading with learning and
solving every exercises and do not doubt to go back if you miss some
items.
This module was designed for your sons and daughters for them
to learn and finish schooling even though they are at home.
As a parent/guardian, I am asking your guidance and help to work out
the lessons and exercises together. I know you are busy working for
financial support but give some time to know your child if they read this
module and answer the different exercises or activities. If your child
approach you to help some of the problems that they don’t understand,
try to reach them out and have your full support to finish this material.
Let us help and work together for the future of success of our dear
students because I believe that by working together, we can make your
child’s experience positive and successful. And don’t forget, gently
encourage your child to do their best.
After going through this module, the learner shall be able to:
• Take your time reading the lessons carefully and understand every
lessons.
• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises
diligently.
Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises. Do not leave the problems
unanswered.
• Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with
it.
What I
know This is a pre-test assessment as to your level of
knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
Knowledge
What’s
In This part connects previous lesson with that
of the current one.
What’s
New An introduction of the new lesson through
various activities, before it will be presented
to you.
What is
It These are discussions of the activities as a
way to deepen your discovery and under-
standing of the concept.
What’s
More These are follow-up activities that are in-
tended for you to practice further in order to
master the competencies.
What I
Have Activities designed to process what you
Learned have learned from the lesson
What I
can do These are tasks that are designed to show-
case your skills and knowledge gained, and
applied into real-life concerns and situations.
What I Know
PRE-ASSESSMENT
Find out how much you already know about this module. Choose
the letter that you think is correct and write your answer on the space
provided before each number on the separate sheet. Take note of the
items that you were not able to answer correctly and look for the right
answer as you go through this module.
You may SKIP this lesson or its activities if you already master the skill
and get a score of 11 out of 15 items in the pre-test.
What I Know
Find out how much you already know about this lesson. Choose
the letter that you think is correct and write your answer on the space
provided before each number on the separate sheet. Take note of the
items that you were not able to answer correctly and look for the right
answer as you go through this module.
___2. Twelve students compete in a race. In how many ways first three prizes
be given?
A. 1 000 B. 1 220 C. 1 320 D. 1 420
___3. You have 10 pairs of pants, 6 shirts, and 3 jackets. How many
outfits can you have consisting of a shirt, a pair of pants, and a
jacket?
A. 60 B. 120 C. 180 D. 240
1
___4. How many four-digit numbers can be formed from the numbers
1, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 9 if repetition of digits is not allowed?
A. 350 B. 360 C. 370 D. 380
___7. How many different ways can the offices of president, vice
president, secretary, and treasurer be chosen from an
organization of 67 members?
A. 17 395 520 B. 18 395 520
C. 19 395 520 D. 20 395 520
___9. How many different ways are there to arrange your first three
classes if they are math, science, and language arts?
A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8
___10. You take a survey with five “yes” or “no” answers. How many
different ways could you complete the survey?
A. 12 B. 24 C. 28 D. 32
___12. Using the digits 1, 2, 3, and 5, how many 4 digit numbers can be
formed if the number must be divisible by 2 and repetition is not
allowed?
A. 6 B. 12 C. 24 D. 36
___13. There are four Gators in a holding cell at the jail. They will be
asked to arrange themselves from left to right in a police line-up.
How many different line-ups are possible?
A. 6 B. 12 C. 24 D. 36
2
___14. 10 students have appeared in a test in which the top three will
get a prize. How many possible ways are there to get the prize
winners?
A. 620 B. 720 C. 820 D. 920
___15. There are 6 people who will sit in a row but out of them Ronnie
will always be left of Annie and Rachel will always be right of
Annie. In how many such arrangement can be done?
A. 120 B. 160 C. 200 D. 220
11- You are doing great! You may proceed to the next
15 activity that can be found in What’s More after reviewing
the missed items.
6-10 You are doing well but you need to proceed to the next
activities/exercises of this lesson.
1-5 You need to study harder. Ask help from your teacher or
parent or friend. Study the next examples and answer the
next activities.
What’s In
1. In how many ways can four-letter word CODE be arrange its letters 3
at a time?
4 3 2
4 ×3 ×2=24
The total number of students is 12. All the students will have
equal chance to get 1st prize.
4
Number of ways to get the third prize = 10
For the first position, there are 7 possible choices. After that
candidate is chosen, there are 6 possible choices. Finally, there are 5
possible choices. We apply the Fundamental Counting Principle and
multiply:
7 × 6 × 5 = 210
1. A license plate begins with three letters. If the possible letters are A, B, C,
D and E, how many different permutations of these letters can be made if
no letter is used more than once?
2. In how many ways can 6 people arrange themselves in a row for picture
taking?
5
5. Using the digits 1, 2, 3, and 5, how many 4 digit numbers can be
formed if the number must be divisible by 2 and repetition is not
allowed?
10. Ten swimmers join a swimming competition. In how many ways can
they be arranged as first, second, and third placers?
6
What Is It
Fundamental Counting Principle Defined
For example:
A. A close friend invited Marie on her birthday party. Marie has 4 new
dresses (sleeveless, stripes, long-sleeved, and with ruffles) and 3
shoes (black, pink, and blue) in her closet reserved for such
occasions.
1. In how many ways can Marie select her outfit if any shoes can be
paired with any dress? List all the possibilities.
Solution:
In this example, you can also use the tree diagram in finding the
possible pairs of dress and shoes. But the number of possible dress-
shoes pairs can be obtained also by using the fundamental counting
principle (FCP).
Solution:
A person need to buy fountain pen, one ball pen and one pencil.
That is we have to do all the works.
What’s More
Activity 3: Guided/Controlled Practice
Solution:
6 ×5 × 4 × 3× 2× 1=720
Solution:
There are 26 choices for each letter and 10 choices for each digit.
Use the fundamental counting principle.
8
Number of passwords = 26 ×26 × 26 ×26 ×10 × 10=45697 600
Solution:
N=4 × 2× 4 × 3=96
Solution:
The total number N of different ways that the students can select
his 3 books is given by:
N=6 ×3 × 4=72
So, the number N of different ways that the students can select
his 3 books is 72.
Solution:
N=3× 2=6
Solution:
The total number N of different ways that this man can wear one
of his suits, one of his shirts and a pair of his shoes is:
N=3× 4 × 5=60
Therefore, the total number of different ways that this man can
wear one of his suits, one of his shirts and a pair of his shoes is 60.
Solution:
Any of the five digits of the number to be formed can be any of the
10 digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. Hence the 10 choices for each digit
of the number to be formed since repetition of the digits from 0 to 9 is
allowed. When repetition is allowed, the total number N of ID cards is
given by the total numbers of 5 digit numbers that can formed and is
given by:
Solution:
One (1) choice for the first digit. Four (4) choices for the last 3
digits that form the 4 digit number since repetition is allowed. Hence the
number N of numbers that we may form is given by:
N=1 × 4 × 4 × 4=64
Solution:
The first time the coin is tossed, 2 different outcomes are possible
(heads, tails). The second time the coin is tossed, another 2 different
outcomes are possible and the third time the coin is tossed, another 2
different outcomes are possible. Hence the total number of possible
outcomes is equal to:
N=2× 2× 2=8
Solution:
The first digit of the area code is 0, no choice which is in fact one
choice only. The second digit of the area code is 1, no choice or one
choice only. The first digit of the local code can be any digit except 0,
so 9 choices. The 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th digits of the local code can
be any digit, hence 10 choices each.
Solution:
12. Using the digits 1, 2, 3, and 5, how many 4 digit numbers can
be formed if the first digit must be 1 and repetition of the digits
is not allowed?
Solution:
One (1) choice for the first digit. 3 choices for the second digit of
the number to be formed since repetition is not allowed. 2 choices for
the third digit of the number to be formed. 1 choice for the fourth digit of
the number to be formed. Hence the number N of numbers that we may
form is given by:
N=1 ×3 × 2× 1=6
13. Two dice are rolled. What is the total number of all possible
outcomes?
Solution:
Six possible outcomes for the first die (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) and 6 other
possible outcomes for the second die. The total number of different
outcomes is:
N=6 ×6=36
14. A coin is tossed and a die is rolled. What is the total number off
all possible outcomes?
Solution:
Two possible outcomes for the coin (heads, tails) and 6 possible
outcomes (1,2,3,4,5,6) for the die. The total number of different
outcomes is:
N=2× 6=12
Solution:
N=4 × 4 × 4 × 1=64
1. A restaurant offers four sizes of pizza, two types of crust, and eight
toppings. How many possible combination of pizza with one topping
are there?
3. Rod has 4 shirts, 3 pairs of pants, and 2 pairs of shoes that all
coordinate. How many outfits can you put together?
5. How many 2 digit numbers can you make using the digits 1, 2, 3, and
4 without repeating the digits?
6. Anne loves to eat salad! How many salads can she put together if
she
can choose one from each of the following: two types of lettuce, 4
types of vegetables and 7 types of dressing?
7. Suppose most of your clothes are dirty and you are left with 2 pants
and 3 shirts. How many choices do you have or how many different
ways can you dress?
13
8. You go a restaurant to get some breakfast. The menu says
pancakes,
waffles, or home fries. And for drink, coffee, juice, hot chocolate,
and
tea. How many different choices of food and drink do you have?
9. You are buying a new car. There are two body style (sedan or
hatchback).There are 5 colors available (black, red, green, blue, and
white). And there are 3 models (GL, SS, and SL). How many total of
choices are there?
10. If five digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 are being given and a three digit code has
to
be made from it if the repetition of digits is allowed then how many
such codes can be formed.
11. A man has 5 different suits, 3 different shirts and 5 different pairs
of shoes. In how many ways can this man wear a suit, a shirt and
a pair of shoes?
12. There are eight finalist in the Miss Philippines contest. How many
different outcomes are possible if one person will be selected First
Runner-Up and another will be Miss Philippines?
14. Reymark, Marvin, John, Paul, Juren, and Johann are running a
race.
How many different orders of finish are possible?
15. Ronnie is planning a date with his girlfriend. He plans for them to
watch a movie, go out to dinner, and then attend a sporting event.
He is deciding between 5 movies, 8 restaurants, and 2 sporting
events. How many different dates can Ronnie plan?
11-15 You are doing great! You may proceed to the next
activity, the Assessment (Activity 8) after reviewing the
missed items.
6-10 You are doing well but you need to proceed to the next
activities/exercises of this lesson.
1-5 You need to study harder. Ask help from your teacher or
parent or friend. Study the next examples and answer the
next activities.
14
What I Can Do
Activity 6: I Can Do It!
Perform the activity as indicated. Show your solution to the other
sheets given.
1. There are four Gators in a holding cell at the jail. They will be asked
to arrange themselves from left to right in a police line-up. How many
different line-ups are possible?
15
3. You have 10 pairs of pants, 6 shirts, and 3 jackets. How many outfits
can you have consisting of a shirt, a pair of pants, and a jacket?
4. How many different ways are there to arrange your first three classes
if they are math, science, and language arts?
6. You take a survey with five “yes” or “no” answers. How many
different
ways could you complete the survey?
7. There are 6 people who will sit in a row but out of them Ronnie will
always be left of Annie and Rachel will always be right of Annie. In
how many such arrangement can be done?
9. 10 students have appeared in a test in which the top three will get a
prize. How many possible ways are there to get the prize winners?
Assessment
Activity 7: Guided Assessment
1. Ernie has 5 tops, 6 skirts and 4 caps from which to choose an outfit.
In how many ways can she select one top, one skirt and one cap?
Solution:
Ways=5 ×6 × 4=120
Solution:
There are:
10 = ice cream
12 = toppings
3 = waffle bowl
Solution:
N=4 × 2× 4 × 3=96
17
Solution:
The total number N of different ways that the students can select
his 3 books is given by:
N=6 ×3 × 4=72
So, the number N of different ways that the students can select
his 3 books is 72.
5. Tarryn has five different skirts, four different tops and three pairs of
shoes. Assuming that all the colours complement each other, how
many different outfits can she put together?
Solution:
Solution:
The total number N of different ways that this man can wear one
of his suits, one of his shirts and a pair of his shoes is:
N=3× 4 × 5=60
Therefore, the total number of different ways that this man can
wear one of his suits, one of his shirts and a pair of his shoes is 60.
7. The school cafeteria offers five sandwich choices, four desserts, and
three beverages. How many different meals consisting of one
sandwich, one dessert, and one beverage can be ordered?
18
Solution:
5 = sandwich
4 = desserts
3 = beverages
N=5 × 4 × 3=60
Solution:
One (1) choice for the first digit. Four (4) choices for the last 3
digits that form the 4 digit number since repetition is allowed. Hence the
number N of numbers that we may form is given by:
N=1 × 4 × 4 × 4=64
Solution:
The first time the coin is tossed, 2 different outcomes are possible
(heads, tails). The second time the coin is tossed, another 2 different
outcomes are possible and the third time the coin is tossed, another 2
different outcomes are possible. Hence the total number of possible
outcomes is equal to:
N=2× 2× 2=8
19
Solution:
The first digit of the area code is 0, no choice which is in fact one
choice only. The second digit of the area code is 1, no choice or one
choice only. The first digit of the local code can be any digit except 0,
so 9 choices. The 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th digits of the local code can
be any digit, hence 10 choices each.
Solution:
12. A school plays a series of 6 soccer matches. For each match there
are 3 possibilities: a win, a draw or a loss. How many possible
results
are there for the series?
Solution:
Step 1: Determine how many outcomes you have to choose from for
each event
20
Step 2: Determine the number of events
13. Two dice are rolled. What is the total number of all possible
outcomes?
Solution:
Six possible outcomes for the first die (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) and 6 other
possible outcomes for the second die. The total number of different
outcomes is:
N=6 ×6=36
14. A coin is tossed and a die is rolled. What is the total number off
all possible outcomes?
Solution:
Two possible outcomes for the coin (heads, tails) and 6 possible
outcomes (1,2,3,4,5,6) for the die. The total number of different
outcomes is:
N=2× 6=12
The total number of different outcomes is 12.
15. A gift basket is made up from one CD, one book, one box of
sweets,
one packet of nuts and one bottle of fruit juice. The person who
makes up the gift basket can choose from five different CD’s, eight
different books, three different boxes of sweets, four kinds of nuts
and six flavours of fruit juice. How many different gift baskets can
be
produced?
21
Solution:
5 = CD’s
8 = Books
3 = boxes of sweets
4 = nuts
6 = flavours of fruit juice
2. Kenny is going to purchase a new car. The car has 5 exterior color
choices, 2 interior color packages and 2 engine options. How many
different cars are possible?
6. Ron is ordering a birthday cake for a friend. There are 5 cake flavors
and 3 frosting flavors to choose from. How many different cakes can
Ron order?
22
8. A baseball manager is determining the batting order for the team.
The
team has 9 players, but the manager definitely wants the pitcher to
bat
last. How many batting orders are possible?
11. How many 3-letter code words can be formed if at least one of the
letters is to be chosen from the vowels a, e, i, o, and u?
12. How many license plates of 3 symbols (letters and digits) can be
made using at least 2 letters for each?
15. You are taking a survey on your experience at Taco Bell. For the
first
five questions you can answer Below Average, Average, or Above
Average for each question. The last three questions you can
respond
with either Agree or Disagree. How many total outcomes are there
for this survey?
11-15 You are doing great! You may proceed to lesson 2 after
reviewing the missed items.
6-10 You are doing well but you need to proceed to the next
activities/exercises of this lesson.
1-5 You need to study harder. Ask help from your teacher or
parent or friend. Study the next examples and answer the
next activities.
23
Additional Activities
Answer the following problems solving. Show your solution to the
separate sheet.
3. Liza, Michelle, Sally, and Bob are waiting in line to buy concert
tickets.
In how many different ways can they stand in line?
7. There are six finalists in the Mr. Rock Hill pageant. In how many
ways
may the judges choose a winner and the first runner-up?
9. You want to take a class at Bucks over the summer. You can only
take
a class on Monday or Friday. The classes offered those days are
Dance, Painting and Math. Determine the number of possibilities for
classes.
10. A golf club manufacturer makes irons with 7 different shaft lengths,
3 different grips, 5 different lies, and 2 different club head materials.
How many different combinations are offered?
24
Solving Problems
using the
Lesso
Permutations
n Formula
2
What I Need to Know
This lesson is written for you to solve problems in permutations of
which the number of permutations of n objects taken r at a time is:
n!
P ( n , r )= , n ≥r . And the permutations of n objects taken all the
( n−r ) !
time is: P ( n , n )=n !. To solve different level of problems, you are going
to use the permutations formula.
You may SKIP this lesson or its activities if you already master the skill
and get a score of 11 out of 15 items in the pre-test.
What I Know
Find out how much you already know about this lesson. Choose
the letter that you think is correct and write your answer on the space
provided before each number on the separate sheet. Take note of the
items that you were not able to answer correctly and look for the right
answer as you go through this module.
___1. There are 4 czech and 3 slovak books on the bookshelf. Czech
books should be placed on the left side of the bookshelf and
slovak books on the right side of the bookshelf. How many ways
are there to arrange the books?
A. 140 B. 142 C. 144 D. 148
___2. How many five-digit numbers can be formed from the numbers
1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, and 9 if repetition of digits is not allowed?
A. 6 000 B. 6 500 C. 6 662 D. 6 720
25
___3. A zip code contains 5 digits. How many different zip codes can
be made with the digits 0–9 if no digit is used more than once
and the first digit is not 0?
A. 27 216 B. 27 220 C. 28 216 D. 28 220
___4. In how many different ways can 11 people occupy the 11 seats in
a back row of a mini-theater?
A. 38 900 880 B. 38 916 880
C. 39 900 800 D. 39 916 800
___9. A licence plate begins with three letters. If the possible letters are
A, B, C, D and E, how many different permutations of these
letters can be made if no letter is used more than once?
A. 30 B. 40 C. 60 D. 70
___10. In how many ways can you place 9 different books on a shelf if
there is space enough for only 4 books?
A. 3 000 B. 3 024 C. 4 000 D. 4 024
26
___13. It is required to seat 4 men and 4 women in a row so that the
women occupy the even places. How many such arrangements
are possible?
A. 500 B. 550 C. 576 D. 600
Great job! You are done answering. And now, kindly check your
score! If your score is:
11-15 You are doing great! You may proceed to the next
activity that can be found in What’s More after
reviewing the missed items.
6-10 You are doing well but you need to proceed to the next
activities/exercises of this lesson.
1-5 You need to study harder. Ask help from your teacher
or parent or friend. Study the next examples and
answer the different activities.
What’s In
You were done in lesson 1, and now you are studying lesson 2 of
this module. I know you can simply understand this lesson because in
understanding permutations, you should have the skills and knowledge
in the basic counting principle called the fundamental counting principle
that you learned in lesson 1.
27
What’s New
Activity 10: Can You Show Me the Formula?
1. In how many ways can four-letter word CODE be arrange its letters 3
at a time?
4! 4 ! 4 ×3 × 2× 1
P( 4,3)= = = =4 × 3× 2=24
( 4−3 ) ? 1 ! 1
2. In how many ways can 4 flower vase wish to arrange 4 of them in a row for
the birthday party?
P( 4,4)=4 ×3 ×2 ×1=24
28
For convenience, we define 0 !=1
Thus, in example 2, P ( 4,4 )=4 !=24
7! 7 ! 7 ×6 × 5× 4 × 3 ×2 ×1
P(7,3)= = = =7 ×6 × 5=210
( 7−3 ) ! 4 ! 4 ×3 × 2× 1
1. A license plate begins with three letters. If the possible letters are J, K, L, M
and N, how many different permutations of these letters can be made if no
letter is used more than once?
2. In how many ways can 7 people arrange themselves in a row for picture
taking?
29
5. In how many different ways can 8 different-colored goats be
positioned in a carousel?
9. In how many ways can you place 9 different books on a shelf if there
is space enough for only 4 books?
10. Twelve runners join a racing competition. In how many ways can
they be arranged as first, second, and third placers?
What Is It
What is Permutation?
A permutation is an arrangement of all or part of a set of
objects, with regard to the order of the arrangement.
For example:
1. Suppose we have a set of three letters: A, B, and C. We might ask
how many ways we can arrange 2 letters from that set. Each
possible arrangement would be an example of a permutation. The
complete list of possible permutations would be: AB, AC, BA, BC,
CA, and CB.
30
When they refer to permutations, statisticians use a specific
terminology. They describe permutations as n distinct objects taken r at
a time. Translation: n refers to the number of objects from which the
permutation is formed; and r refers to the number of objects used to
form the permutation. Consider the example from the previous
paragraph. The permutation was formed from 3 letters (A, B, and C),
so n = 3; and the permutation consisted of 2 letters, so r = 2.
3! 3 ! 3× 2× 1
P(3,2)= = = =3 ×2=6
( 3−2 ) ! 1 ! 1
Thus, there 6 possible arrangement of the set of three letters (A, B, C).
2. How many 3 letter words with or without meaning can be formed out
of the letters of the word SWING when repetition of letters is not
allowed?
Solution:
5! 5 ! 5 × 4 ×3 ×2 ×1
P(5,3)= = = =5 × 4 ×3=60
( 5−3 ) ! 2 ! 2× 1
So, there 60 letters that can be formed of the word SWING with or
without meaning.
31
What’s More
Activity 12: Guided/Controlled Practice
Solution:
The number of ways three alphabets can be chosen from five will
be,
5! 5 × 4 ×3 ×2 ×1
P ( 5,3 )= = =60
( 5−3 ) ! 2× 2
2. 10 students have appeared in a test in which the top three will get a
prize. How many possible ways are there to get the prize winners?
Solution:
10 ! 10 ×9 × 8× 7 ×6 ×5 × 4 × 3× 2× 1
P ( 10,3 )= =
( 10−3 ) ! 7 × 6 ×5 × 4 ×3 ×2 ×1
¿ 10 ×9 × 8=720
3. In how many ways the word HOLIDAY can be rearrange such that
the
letter I will always come to the left of letter L?
Solution:
The number of ways the letters are arranged such that I will come
7!
left of L will be, as in half of the arrangements L will be right of I and
2
in other half it will be on left of I.
7 ! 7 ×6 × 5× 4 × 3 ×2 ×1 5 040
P= = = =2520
2 2 2
32
Thus, the number of letters in HOLIDAY if the letter I will always
come to the left of letter L is 2 520.
4. There are 6 people who will sit in a row but out of them Ronnie will
always be left of Annie and Rachel will always be right of Annie. In
how many ways such arrangement can be done?
Solution:
6 ! 6 ×5 × 4 × 3× 2× 1
P= = =6 ×5 × 4=120
3! 3 ×2 ×1
Solution:
Solution:
10! 10 ! 10 ×9 × 8× 7 ×6 ×5 × 4 × 3× 2× 1
P ( 10,4 ) ×26= × 26= × 26= ×26=10 × 9× 8 ×7 ×26=
( 10−4 ) ! 6! 6 ×5 × 4 ×3 ×2 ×1
33
7. How many different number-plates for cars can be made if each
number-plate contains four of the digits 0 to 9 followed by a letter A
to
Z, assuming that repetition is allowed?
Solution:
8. How many 3 letter words can we make with the letters on the word
LOVE?
Solution:
There are 4 letters in the word love and making 3 letter words is
similar to arranging these 3 letters and order is important since LOV
and VOL are different words because of the order of the same letters L,
O and V. Hence it is a permutation problem. The number of word given
by,
4! 4!
P ( 4,3 ) = = =4 ×3 × 2× 1=24.
( 4−3 ) ! 1
Solution:
5! 5 ! 5 ×4 ×3 ×2 ×1
P ( 5,3 )= = = =5 × 4 ×3=60
( 5−3 ) ! 2 ! 2×1
So, there are 60 ways can we make of 3 digit numbers using the
digits 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.
10. How many 6 letter words can we make using the letters in the word
LIBERTY without repetitions?
Solution:
7! 7!
P ( 7,6 )= = =7 ×6 × 5× 4 × 3 ×2 ×1=5 040.
( 7−6 ) ! 1!
Solution:
5! 5 ! 5 ×4 ×3 ×2 ×1
P ( 5,3 )= = = =5 × 4 ×3=60.
( 5−3 ) ! 2 ! 2×1
Solution:
6! 6 ! 6 ×5 × 4 ×3 ×2 ×1 720
P ( 6,4 ) = = = = =360
( 6−4 ) ! 2! 2×1 2
13. How many different ways can the offices of president, vice
president,
secretary, treasurer, and auditor be chosen from an organization of
50 members?
Solution:
50 ! 50 !
P ( 50,5 )= = =50× 49 × 48 ×47 × 46=254 251 200
( 50−5 ) ! 45 !
Solution:
Using the permutations formula which the n=28 and the r =5.
28! 28 !
P ( 28,5 )= = =28 × 27 ×26 ×25 ×24=11 793 600
( 28−5 ) ! 23 !
15. John has 10 marbles in his bags. In how many ways can he pick 6
marbles from the bag?
Solution:
10! 10 ! 10 ×9 × 8 ×7 ×6 × 5× 4 × 3 ×2 ×1
P ( 10,6 )= = = =10 ×9 × 8× 7 ×6 ×5=151 200
( 10−6 ) ! 4 ! 4 ×3 ×2 ×1
Thus, there are 151 200 possible ways can he pick 6 out of 10
marbles from the bag.
You are done studying the activity above, to check if you get this,
please answer the next activity.
1. Suppose that 7 people enter a swim meet. Assuming that there are
no
ties, in how many ways could the gold, silver, and bronze medals be
awarded?
2. A coach must choose how to line up his five starters from a team of
12 players. How many different ways can the coach choose the
starters?
8. A disc jockey has to choose three songs for the last few minutes of
his
evening show. If there are nine songs that he feels are appropriate for
that time slot, then how many ways can he choose and arrange to
play
three of those nine songs?
10. 12 students have appeared in the exam in which the top four will
get
a prize. How many possible ways are there to get the prize
winners?
11. How many 3 letter words can we make with the letters on the word
SOLVE?
12. How many ways can the letters of the word PARK be arranged?
37
Nice work! Since you answered this activity. Check your score!
If your score is:
11-15 You are doing great! You may proceed to the next
activity, the Assessment (Activity 17) after reviewing the
missed items.
6-10 You are doing well but you need to proceed to the next
activities/exercises of this lesson.
1-5 You need to study harder. Ask help from your teacher or
parent or friend. Study the next examples and answer the
next activities.
38
5. From among the 36 teachers in a college, one principal, one vice-
principal and the teacher-in charge are to be appointed. In how
many ways this can be done?
What I Can Do
Activity 15: Tell Me If I Can Do It?
1. Given 7 different flags, in how many ways can be arrange if two flags
use below the other?
3. How many positive integers of 5 digits may be made from the ciphers
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, if each cipher may be used just once?
4. There are 4 czech and 3 slovak books on the bookshelf. Czech books
should be placed on the left side of the bookshelf and slovak books on the
right side of the bookshelf. How many ways are there to arrange the
books?
6. Seven athletes are participating in a race. In how many ways can the
first three prizes be won?
7. How many 3 letter words with or without meaning can be formed out
of the letters of the word SOLUTION when repetition of words is
NOT allowed?
39
Assessment
Activity 16: Guided Assessment
Solution:
The number of ways three alphabets can be chosen from five will
be,
5! 5 × 4 ×3 ×2 ×1
P ( 5,3 )= = =60
( 5−3 ) ! 2× 2
Solution:
10 ! 10 ×9 × 8× 7 ×6 ×5 × 4 × 3× 2× 1
P ( 10,3 )= =
( 10−3 ) ! 7 × 6 ×5 × 4 ×3 ×2 ×1
¿ 10 ×9 × 8=720
40
3. Twenty bands have applied to march in the parade, but only seven
spots are available. How many permutations of seven bands are
possible for their order in the parade?
Solution:
20 ! 20!
P= = =20 ×19 ×18 ×17 ×16 × 15× 14=390 700800
( 20−7 ) ! 13!
Thus, there are 390 700 800 possible order in the parade.
4. There are 6 people who will sit in a row but out of them Ronnie will
always be left of Annie and Rachel will always be right of Annie. In
how many ways such arrangement can be done?
Solution:
6 ! 6 ×5 × 4 × 3× 2× 1
P= = =6 ×5 × 4=120
3! 3 ×2 ×1
41
Solution:
10! 10 ! 10 ×9 × 8× 7 ×6 ×5 × 4 × 3× 2× 1
P ( 10,4 ) ×26= × 26= × 26= ×26=10 × 9× 8 ×7 ×26=
( 10−4 ) ! 6! 6 ×5 × 4 ×3 ×2 ×1
Solution:
8. How many 3 letter words can we make with the letters on the word
LOVE?
Solution:
There are 4 letters in the word love and making 3 letter words is
similar to arranging these 3 letters and order is important since LOV
and VOL are different words because of the order of the same letters L,
O and V. Hence it is a permutation problem. The number of word given
by,
4! 4!
P ( 4,3 ) = = =4 ×3 × 2× 1=24.
( 4−3 ) ! 1
42
Solution:
5! 5 ! 5 ×4 ×3 ×2 ×1
P ( 5,3 )= = = =5 × 4 ×3=60
( 5−3 ) ! 2 ! 2×1
So, there are 60 ways can we make of 3 digit numbers using the
digits 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.
10. How many 6 letter words can we make using the letters in the word
LIBERTY without repetitions?
Solution:
7! 7!
P ( 7,6 )= = =7 ×6 × 5× 4 × 3 ×2 ×1=5 040.
( 7−6 ) ! 1!
Solution:
Solution:
6! 6 ! 6 ×5 × 4 ×3 ×2 ×1 720
P ( 6,4 ) = = = = =360
( 6−4 ) ! 2! 2×1 2
43
13. How many different ways can the offices of president, vice
president,
secretary, treasurer, and auditor be chosen from an organization of
50 members?
Solution:
50 ! 50 !
P ( 50,5 )= = =50× 49 × 48 ×47 × 46=254 251 200
( 50−5 ) ! 45 !
Solution:
Using the permutations formula which the n=28 and the r =5.
28! 28 !
P ( 28,5 )= = =28 × 27 ×26 ×25 ×24=11793 600
( 28−5 ) ! 23 !
15. John has 10 marbles in his bags. In how many ways can he pick 6
marbles from the bag?
Solution:
10! 10 ! 10 ×9 × 8 ×7 ×6 × 5× 4 × 3 ×2 ×1
P ( 10,6 )= = = =10 ×9 × 8× 7 ×6 ×5=151 200
( 10−6 ) ! 4 ! 4 ×3 ×2 ×1
1. The manager of a baseball team has named the 9 starters for a game.
He needs to determine the batting order. How many batting orders are
possible?
44
2. There are 33 cars in a car race. The first, second, and third-place
finishers win a prize. How many different arrangements of the first
three
positions are possible?
4. A shelf can hold 8 trophies. How many ways can the trophies be
arranged if there are 10 trophies?
7. There are 8 horses in a race. If all we are concerned with the first,
second and third place finisher (the trifecta), how many different
orders
of finish are possible?
9. In how many ways can 7 floats line up for the homecoming parade?
13. How many ways are there to place seven distinct pieces of art in a
row?
14. How many ways can a manager of a baseball team choose the lead-
off batter and second batter from a baseball team of nine players?
15. Maria has to visit 6 different places. In how many different ways can
she visit them?
45
Do you need more? Before you proceed to the next activity, kindly
check your score! If your score is:
11-15 You are doing great! You may proceed to the Lesson 3
after reviewing the missed items.
6-10 You are doing well but you need to proceed to the next
activities/exercises of this lesson.
1-5 You need to study harder. Ask help from your teacher or
parent or friend. Study the next examples and answer the
next activities.
Additional Activities
Answer the following problems below. Show your solutions.
2. How many 3 letter words can we make with the letters on the word
MATH?
4. A shelf can hold 9 books. How many ways can the trophies be
arranged
if there are 12 books?
5. How many different ways of management can there be to fill the
positions of principal and vice principal of a school knowing that there
are 11 eligible candidates?
6. Paul has 3 mobile phones in his desk. In how many different orders
can
the mobile phones be arranged?
46
Distinguishable and
Circular
Lesso
n Permutations
3
What I Need to Know
This lesson is created for you to solve problems in distinct or
distinguishable permutations and circular permutations. With the
problems given, you can either use reasoning to solve these types of
problems or you can use the distinguishable and the circular
permutations formula. Which the number of distinguishable
permutations, P, of n objects where p objects are alike, q objects are
n!
alike, r objects are alike, and so on, is P= while circular
p!q!r !…
permutations, P, of n objects is:P= ( n−1 ) ! .
You may SKIP this lesson or its activities if you already master
the skill and get a score of 11 out of 15 items in the pre-test.
What I Know
Find out how much you already know about this lesson. Choose
the letter that you think is correct and write your answer on the space
provided before each number on the separate sheet. Take note of the
items that you were not able to answer correctly and look for the right
answer as you go through this module.
___1. How many distinguishable permutations are possible with all the
letters of the word ELLIPSES?
A. 5 040 B. 5 060 C. 6 040 D. 6 060
___4. In how many ways can 10 persons sit at a round table for a group
discussions?
A. 362 150 B. 362 160 C. 362 800 D. 362 880
___5. Determine the number of ways such that 5 men and 5 women be
seated at a round table if no two women are seated together.
A. 362 150 B. 362 160 C. 362 800 D. 362 880
___10. How many distinguishable permutations are possible with all the
letters of the word OCCASION?
A. 10 080 B. 10 100 C. 10 110 D. 10 120
If you all answered the problems above. Then, check your score!
If your score is:
11-15 You are doing great! You may proceed to the next
activity that can be found in What’s More after reviewing
the missed items.
6-10 You are doing well but you need to proceed to the next
activities/exercises of this lesson.
1-5 You need to study harder. Ask help from your teacher or
parent or friend. Study the next examples and answer the
different activities.
What’s In
Answer Me:
Find out the answer to these questions while studying this lesson
and discover its application.
49
What’s New
Solution:
There are nine total letters in word, therefore, n=9
n1 =1T
n2 =4 E
n3 =2 N
n 4=2 S
Therefore, the number of distinguishable permutations equals:
n!
P=
n1 ! n 2 ! n 3 ! n 4 !
9! 9 ×8 ×7 × 6 ×5 × 4 ×3 ×2 ×1 9 ×8 × 7 ×6 ×5 15 120
P= = = =
1 ! 4 ! 2 ! 2 ! 1 × 4 ×3 × 2× 1× 2×1 ×2 ×1 2× 2 4
¿ 3 780
There are 10 letters of the word. Assuming that the letters are
distinct, there are
10 ×9 × 8× 7 ×6 × 5× 4 × 3 ×2 ×1 10 × 9 ×8 ×7 × 5× 4 100 800
P= = = =50 400
3 × 2× 1×3 × 2× 1× 2× 1 2 2
Solution: n=3
3!
P=
3
51
3 ×2 !
P=
3
P=2 !
If there are 3 seats around the circular table, we can assign one
of the persons to a fixed seat and determine the number of ways that
the other two can be arranged. This way, we avoid counting again an
arrangement that resulted from a mere rotation. Thus, the number of
circular permutations of 3 objects is ( 3−1 ) !∨2 ! And the circular
permutations of n objects is ( n−1 ) ! .
Observe that all the arrangements falling on the same column are
just the same because the 4 people are supposed to be seated around
a circular table. There are 24 arrangements in the list. Again, the
circular permutations, P, of 4 objects is:
24
P=
4
4!
P=
4
4 ×3 !
P=
4
P=3
52
Or simply,P= ( n−1 ) !
P= ( 4−1 ) !
P=3 !
P=6
5. Determine the number of ways of selecting one or more letters from the
letters DDDDDD?
What Is It
Distinguishable and Circular Permutations Defined
There are 4 letters of the word OHIO, therefore, n=4 and p=2O .
4!
P=
2!
4 ×3 ×2 ×1
P=
2× 1
24
P=
2
P=12
54
For Examples:
1. 10 toppings of pizza are placed on the plate. How many ways can
they be arranged?
Solution:
P= ( n−1 ) !
P= (10−1 ) !
P=9!
P=9× 8 ×7 × 6× 5 ×4 ×3 ×2 ×1
P=362 880
( n−1 ) !
P=
2
( 7−1 ) !
P=
2
6!
P=
2
6 ×5 × 4 × 3× 2× 1
P=
2
720
P=
2
P=360
Thus, there are 360 possible arrangements of 7 different charms
in a circular bracelet.
55
a. no restrictions
Solution:
P= ( n−1 ) !
P= (6−1 ) !
P=5 !
P=5 × 4 × 3× 2× 1
P=120
Solution:
P= ( n−1 ) !− ( n−2 ) ! ×2 !
P=5 !−4 ! ×2 !
P=120−4 ×3 ×2 ×1 ×2 ×1
P=120−48
P=72
What’s More
Activity 20: Guided/Controlled Practice
1. Ellie want to change her password which is ELLIE9 but with the
same
letters and number. In how many ways she can do that?
Solution:
6! 6 × 5× 4 × 3 ×2 ×1 6 ×5 × 4 ×3 ×2 ×1
P= = =
2 ! 2! 2 ×1 ×2 ×1 4
¿ 6 ×5 ×3 × 2× 1=180.
Solution:
¿ 30
57
Solution:
Solution:
Thus, there are 6 arrangement such that A and B must always sit
together.
Solution:
11! 11×10 × 9× 8 ×7 × 6× 5 ×4 ×3 ×2 ×1
P= =
4 !4!2! 4 ×3 ×2 ×1 × 4 ×3 ×2 ×1 ×2 ×1
Solution:
58
The answer is:
6! 6 × 5× 4 ×3 ×2 ×1 6 ×5 30
P= = = = =15.
4 ! 2! 4 × 3× 2× 1× 2× 1 2 2
Solution:
Assuming that all nickels are similar, all dimes are similar, and all
quarters are similar, we have permutations with similar elements.
Therefore, the answer is:
9! 9 × 8 ×7 ×6 × 5× 4 × 3 ×2 ×1 9× 8 ×7 ×5 2 520
P= = = =
4 ! 3 ! 2! 4 ×3 ×2 ×1 ×3 ×2 ×1 ×2 ×1 2 2
¿ 1 260
8. In how many different ways can five children hold hands to play “Ring
Around the Rosy”?
Solution:
The number of ways that five children hold hands to plat “Ring
Around the Rosy” is:
9. In how many ways can three people be made to sit at a round table?
Solution:
Thus, there are 2 ways that three people made to sit around the
table.
10. A stock broker wants to assign 20 new clients equally to 4 of its
salespeople. In how many different ways can this be done?
Solution:
This means that each sales person gets 5 clients. The problem
can be thought of as an ordered partitions problem. In that case, using
the formula we get,
59
20 !
P= =11732745 024.
5 ! 5 ! 5! 5 !
11. A shopping mall has a straight row of 5 flagpoles at its main entrance
plaza. It has 3 identical green flags and 2 identical yellow flags. How
many distinct arrangements of flags on the flagpoles are possible?
Solution:
5! 5 × 4 × 3× 2× 1 5 × 4 20
P= = = = =10.
3 ! 2! 3 ×2 ×1 ×2 ×1 2 2
Just to provide a little more insight into the solution, we list all 10
distinct permutations:
12. In how many ways can 4 people be seated around a circular table?
Solution:
13. At a dinner party, 6 men and 6 women sit at a round table. In how
many ways can they sit if there are no restrictions?
Solution:
60
P= ( n−1 ) !
¿ ( 12−1 ) !
¿ 11 !
¿ 39 916 800
Solution:
15. At a dinner party, 6 men and 6 women sit at a round table. In how
many ways can they sit if men and women is alternate?
Solution:
The number of ways that a men and women sit at a round table
alternately is:
Since you already finish studying the activity above, let us check
your understanding by solving the different problems below.
Activity 21: Independent Practice
8. In how many different ways can six children ride a “Merry Go Around”
with six horses?
10. How many five-digit numbers can be made using two 6’s and three
7’s?
11. In how many ways can 5 men and 5 women be seated at a round
table
if there is no restrictions?
13. There are 12 people in a dinner gathering. In how many ways can
the host (one of the 12) arrange his guests around a dining table if
they can sit on any of the chairs?
14. There are 12 people in a dinner gathering. In how many ways can
the host (one of the 12) arrange his guests around a dining table if 3
people insist on sitting beside each other?
15. There are 12 people in a dinner gathering. In how many ways can
the host (one of the 12) arrange his guests around a dining table if 2
people refuse to sit beside each other?
62
I hope you answered all of the item! To check your score!
If your score is:
11-15 You are doing great! You may proceed to the next
activity, the Assessment (Activity 8) after reviewing the
missed items.
6-10 You are doing well but you need to proceed to the next
activities/exercises of this lesson.
1-5 You need to study harder. Ask help from your teacher or
parent or friend. Study the next examples and answer the
next activities.
3. In how many ways can 10 persons sit at a round table for a group
discussions?
63
What I Can Do
5. Determine the number of ways of selecting one or more letters from the
letters ZZZZZZZ?
6. Determine the number of ways such that 5 men and 5 women be seated
at a round table if no two women are seated together.
7. Find the number of ways in which 6 people L, M, N, O, P, A can be
seated at a round table, such that L and M must always sit together.
64
Assessment
Activity 24: Guided Assessment
Solution:
Solution:
This means that each sales person gets 5 clients. The problem
can be thought of as an ordered partitions problem. In that case, using
the formula we get,
20 !
P= =11732745 024.
5 ! 5 ! 5! 5 !
Solution:
Assuming that all nickels are similar, all dimes are similar, and all
quarters are similar, we have permutations with similar elements.
Therefore, the answer is:
65
9! 9 × 8 ×7 ×6 × 5× 4 × 3 ×2 ×1 9× 8 ×7 ×5 2 520
P= = = =
4 ! 3 ! 2! 4 ×3 ×2 ×1 ×3 ×2 ×1 ×2 ×1 2 2
¿ 1 260
4. In how many ways can three people be made to sit at a round table?
Solution:
Thus, there are 2 ways that three people made to sit around the
table.
5. Ellie want to change her password which is ELLIE9 but with the
same
letters and number. In how many ways she can do that?
Solution:
6! 6 × 5× 4 × 3 ×2 ×1 6 ×5 × 4 ×3 ×2 ×1
P= = =
2 ! 2! 2 ×1 ×2 ×1 4
¿ 6 ×5 ×3 × 2× 1=180.
But the password need to be changed. So the number of ways
new password can be made ¿ 180−1=179.
Solution:
The number of ways that a men and women sit at a round table
alternately is:
66
Solution:
11! 11×10 × 9× 8 ×7 × 6× 5 ×4 ×3 ×2 ×1
P= =
4 !4!2! 4 ×3 ×2 ×1 × 4 ×3 ×2 ×1 ×2 ×1
Solution:
Thus, there are 6 arrangement such that A and B must always sit
together.
10. At a dinner party, 6 men and 6 women sit at a round table. In how
many ways can they sit if there are no restrictions?
Solution:
67
P= ( n−1 ) !
¿ ( 12−1 ) !
¿ 11 !
¿ 39 916 800
Solution:
12. In how many ways can 4 people be seated around a circular table?
Solution:
Solution:
5! 5× 4 × 3 ×2 ×1 5× 4 × 3 ×2 ×1
P= = = =5 ×3 ×2 ×1
2 ! ×2 ! 2 ×1 ×2 ×1 4
¿ 30
14. A shopping mall has a straight row of 5 flagpoles at its main entrance
plaza. It has 3 identical green flags and 2 identical yellow flags. How
many distinct arrangements of flags on the flagpoles are possible?
68
Solution:
5! 5 × 4 × 3× 2× 1 5 × 4 20
P= = = = =10.
3 ! 2! 3 ×2 ×1 ×2 ×1 2 2
Just to provide a little more insight into the solution, we list all 10
distinct permutations:
15. In how many different ways can five children hold hands to play
“Ring
Around the Rosy”?
Solution:
The number of ways that five children hold hands to plat “Ring
Around the Rosy” is:
1. How many ways can eight people sit around a round table?
69
4. Find the number of ways in which 5 people (Ian, Mark, Carlo, Lowie,
and Joel) can be seated at a round table, such that Carlo and Lowie
must not sit together.
5. In how many ways can 3 men and 3 ladies be seated at a round table
such that no two men are seated together?
8. In how many ways can five keys be put on the key ring?
9. How many six-digit numbers can be made using two 2’s and two 3’s?
11. How many different ways can 3 pennies, 2 nickels and 5 dimes be
arranged in a row?
12. In how many ways can 11 people be made to sit at a round table?
13. Find the number of different permutations of the letters of the word
BILLIONAIRE.
Do you need more activity? But before you proceed to the next
activity, kindly check your score! If your score is:
11-15 You are doing great! You may proceed to the Post-test
after reviewing the missed items.
6-10 You are doing well but you need to proceed to the next
activities/exercises of this lesson.
1-5 You need to study harder. Ask help from your teacher or
parent or friend. Study the next examples and answer the
next activities.
70
Additional Activities
Answer the following problems below. Show your solutions.
1. Jessie wants to plant 10 plants along the sidewalk in her front yard.
She has 3 rose bushes, 4 daffodils, and 3 lilies. In how many
distinguishable ways can the plants be arranged?
3. The signal mast of a ship can raise nine flags at one time (3 red, 2
blue, and 3 green). How many different signals can be
communicated
by the placement of these nine flags?
7. In how many ways can the six letters of the word “MAMMAL” be
arranged in a row?
71
SUMMARY/SYNTHESIS/GENERALIZATION
This module was about solving problems involving permutations
and its application in real-life situations. The every lesson under this
module was provided you with opportunities to solve differentiated
problems using the fundamental counting principle, the permutations
formula and the distinguishable and circular permutations formula. In
addition, you were given a chance to know how to solve problems
involving permutations that apply the skills and knowledge to formulate
conclusions and making decisions. Your understanding of this lesson
as long as the concepts of Mathematics that you already learned will
help you understand the next topic, combinations.
72
Assessment
Post-Test
Find out how much you already know about this module. Choose
the letter that you think is correct and write your answer on the space
provided before the number. . Take note of the items that you were
not able to answer correctly and look for the right answer as you go
through this module.
___3. How many different 3-digit numbers can be formed from the
digits 1,2,3,5,6,7 if repetition of digits is not allowed?
A. 120 B. 360 C.720 D.840
73
___7. Ms. Dela Cruz wants to produce different sets of test questions
for her essay test. If she plans to do this by putting together 3 out
of 5 questions she prepared, how many different sets of
questions could she construct?
A. 10 B. 20 C. 60 D. 80
___10. Lydia, together with her five friends want to arrange themselves
around a round table. How many ways can they do it?
A. 720 B. 120 C. 60 D. 30
___12. How many different 4-digit even numbers can be formed from
the digits 1, 3, 5, 6, 8, and 9 if no repetition of digits is allowed?
A. 1 680 B. 840 C. 420 D. 120
___14. In a room, there are 10 chairs in a row. In how many ways can
5
students be seated in consecutive chairs?
A. 120 B. 720 C. 25 600 D. 30 240
Answer Keys
Pre-Assessment
1. B 6. D 11. B
2. C 7. A 12. A
3. D 8. D 13. D
4. A 9. B 14. B
5. C 10. B 15. B
https://sidebysideconsulting.com/2017/11/16/5-counting-principles-
every-preschooler-needs-to-know/
https://www.superprof.co.uk/resources/academic/maths/probability/com
binatorics/permutations-word-problems.html
https://www.priklady.eu/en/mathematics/combinatorics/permutations.al
ej
https://math.info/Algebra/Distinguishable_Permutations/
https://www.sanfoundry.com/discrete-mathematics-questions-answers-
circular-permutations/
https://www.google.com/search?
q=solving+problems+in+circular+permutations+with+solutions&hl=en-
US&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi--
PLf9ebpAhUNPnAKHUN4DAIQ_AUoAnoECA0QBA&biw=1366&bih=6
13#imgrc=dJjrNL5OUVlxuM
https://www.onlinemathlearning.com/permutations-math.html
https://www.onlinemath4all.com/fundamental counting principle-
worksheets-with-answers.html
https://www.statisticshowto.com/Fundamental-Counting-Principle
https://www.thefreedictionary.com
https://www.classzone.com
Department of Education Mathematics 10 Learner’s Guide
Department of education Mathematics 10 Teacher’s Guide
https://www. Coursehero.com/file/53695187/Permutations-Practice-
Worksheet-1docx/
https://www.analyzemath.com
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