Ona it, cused wUKOAGL K.®.1Ta6n06, ITT: Pomarxoe A.A. HOcK08 ; Tipumeppt M 3aja4n 10 kypcy Tipoweccos M alimapaTos XHMHuecKon TeXHOJOTHH Hsaanve jecaToe, NepepaGoTanHoe HM JONOHeHHOe Mod pedaxyuett 4a.-xopp. AH CCCP 1, [, Pomankosa Tonyueno Munucmepcmeon sbicuueeo u cpedne2o cneyuaabnozo O6pas0canun CCCP @ Kauecmse yre6uoz0 nocobun daa cmydenmos xUMUKO-MexHonoeWUeCKUX cheyuanonocmett aoicumx yueduux sasedenutl Jenunepad - ,,XHMHA"” JlenunzpadcKoe oTdenenue 1987 “ont OPIABEHHE m2 YAK 66.02 (076.1) Peuensent: xp texm, nayx npo. B. H. Kucesnuros YIIK 66.02 (076.1) Manson K. ., Powanxos M1. ., Hockon A. A. Tipnsepis u sagaw no xypcy npoueceos m anuiapa- Tow XHMHYeCKOR TexnonorHn. Vue6itoe nocobue ANA sysos/Tlon pea. sa.-xopp. AH CCCP 1. T. Poxan- xowa. — 10-e usn., nepepa6. 4“ zon. — Ji: 1987. — 576 c., wa. Xuma, tncopeen, sectpsrpovantie, evans’ yaepennoe #ryGoxe Grange. Baatane naxaoh tous Upiwenciy eononmus pacternee ‘GopunyauneoGnoserwae Az peacrin mpnuapen n Nonpameetan” sana sonentnns's ensneeh—o"pecupes appr npaepos pect homey Stat @ moons. Sa” PAM APAH NPY" npuepon Be laa Gyguiom samnno-rexsonormmeckin ayo0% Tbe "Uae Ha ate: Busnnoro. ener tnt wage. 2801020000-049 050 (01-87 upTERLCT Honarenscteo «Xiu, 1981 19-87 Visastenscrso «Xusias,” 1987, peawesonue « secaTOMy WORBHINO ee ee a oe Oeronvue yenosrse odoonaceuun w exis wawcponin Tease 1. Ocnows npuxcagnol ruapanamen .... . . Qovosuue sanncenocta w paceeraue Sopa... « FIpustepa ss Kounpoansise sagan’ < Tanga 2. Hacocs. Bewruanropis, Kounpeccops . .. « Somme samvenocrn m paver Gopxyam useep ts : Kowtpoapune sass Tipancy patter cmp ue meronuveckue yKa3aNN asa 3, Tuspoyexauaecane werons passeseana. Faapoxunminna se menvore c1on. Hepeneuneanne » auaxoi cpene Ocnogiie sasucunioctn n pacweTuue dbopmyans Mpuiept ee Kor i Fiaaea 4. Tenaonepenava 8 xmmnieckoa annaparype . Conopase sasucnuacrn w pacsernue opsyais. =. . Ops Kowrpombue daiosn ° Tipumepir paceera tenadoésemiskos |. 2) | Ocaxcnenne Suavtponanwe . pill Lesrpabyraposaiwe © <> S : Phaposuiiaaixa aneuteiworo-€a0m Uepeuetnoaine © alt cpexe~ Ocansienne * geaeronanie, leerpndy ruponaine Bavewsennut eno Tlepeneunanne 8 axuaxoll Epene TpOAbABe SenaKH MEP pacKeTa GuTapelinoro wHKAOHa , | a ,Helep pacveTa neHorO TasopoMLsaTeam Aan OueTKH Fasa OF MAM | mep pacseta Sapadanuoro BaKyyu-puautpa. ys + ‘Tenaonposoanoct Tenaooraaua : : Tenaonepeaava © uonepxviocrax TeiiaooGueninkax | nt Tenaonepeaasa pir nenocpesersentiom conproenonciin noroxos | | | Opuentapovounuie snares xosbhuunenTOs TenzcoTmain & Teno: repeat, tte e teeters mMep ss 1 8828 8 BBs 5Taaea 5, Bumnapnoanne. Kpncranmmauna oa. « 27 TIPEDMCHOBHE K AECATOMY 13/{AHHIO Qcnoousic sesncuvocrm m pacrermie Gopuyau.. . 247 Mipwiep eres tts tec e lll! 285 Kourpoabume aagaun we 269 Tipraep pacvera Tpexkopsiyéuen ‘sianapnoh yerancoin | | m6 Taasa 6. Ocnoms wacconepensun, AGcopGuNE ... , 282 Qctioomie savenocm w pacrermue Gopayam . , Fipnwepir re vcr!" Peswermes ong sss: 2 Kompenunad saiow 2222220202202 E2 3d Taaea 7, Neperowka w pextmpnnawna oe. ee ee 319 Qevoomse sanncunoctn n pacserimie dopuyas. . . .. . a9 Kype IIpoueccss # annaparst xnMndecKoi TexosorHim taameTeR Ipmwepat nnn” Pacseruse Wopyyanss «s+ DILLLiLh BB pexyiliin BOoMeHEKeHEpHON NOATOTOBKE CTYZeHTOR HW NIpAeT BAAKKYIO Kompasiiine seman ow ELL i iil ur pon B OcsOeHIH MMH chenHaabHEX ancurTant, B coe HenpepEiD- ipmvep pacvera tapeausaroR’ pextwpiixawiowio® onoinia: +1121 8 HOM paspiitin Hayka O mpoweccax H annapatax, o6oSulas TeopeTH- Toes 8. Serpriponnme we WeckHe H SKcrepuMeHTasbiiBie MeTOaSI MCCHeLOBAHNA OCHOBHEX Pee eee npoueccok, ABAHeTCH TeHepaTOPOM HOBHIX Heit, YCKOPAIOULNX HAyIHO- Peron samnioeru m pacwernne dopwyaa cece es SB Texunueckiit mporpece -xKuMmveckok Texkoaoru. B Tocranonne- Omer cca DIDI Diiirtiessssspscciil i uw I[K KTICC 06 ockoskuix Hanpasnennax sKOHOMAYeCKOTO H CO- Sechiiiiiiiibiiiiiiiis uuanbioro passutun CCCP na 1986—1990 roms H Ha nepHon 20 Paaea 9. AREOPEIIA ee eee ee ee 408 2000 roaa ormevaeren HeoOxogHMOCTE npropirrerHoro pacuimpenua Onna ey W yrnyOaeKHn @yHZaMeHTaMbHBIX HecAeTOBANM, a TaKDKe TAKHX hops Serco seocnnsenn w panes Gopuym ve ee ee ee A WeTerpauiin HayKH, TEXHHKH H NPOHSBOACTBA, KoTOpLIe nosBo.tRIOT OGecresirTa OLicTpoe NpOXOAAeHHe HaysHBIX Wael OT saporRreNuA Ao WUpOKOTO NpHNeHeHHA Ha npaKTuKe, StH sanaH yenemHO pe- 423 matores BEicuel KONO Mp NORTOTOBKe KBaAWpHUMPOBAHMBIX Kowrpomsnue sagan” | 2)! Taaca 10. Cymea .. WWKeHepHEIX KaPOB B COOTHETCTBNH ¢ NlocaeTHHNH TlOcTaHOBRENHANH Tatu 1 Mpasntemscraa «Ocnosne Hanpasstera nepecrpomix BHCUIETO H CpesMero cnetMambHOTO OGpasoBanuA B cTpalier. B ocsoenun yseOnoh aucusnanas «fIpouecest x annaparsr xin Qouoowie sasuennccrn m pacseruse Gopsyay Tipmepis eens nme formes Kourpomié seaasn Pill S hii 1 Nipuiep pacsera cywmskn annawero éada mas’ cyuikn Xaopueroro Kanna — 456 Mipmep pacuera BambuoBok cyWumKH 2... s oe + 463 WecKOli TeXHOMOTHHY, ABAAKOULeliCH byHAAMeHTANDHOH AA XHMHKO- Taasa 11. Yuepennoe w rayboxce oxsaxsenn TexHosOTHIeCKOTO —O6pagoBaniiA, cYlMecTecHHOe sHavenNe HMeIOT on mee ¥ MACH ee 465 RpakrHveckne saHaTHA nO pacdeTHoHl aacTH Kypea. C sTOA ueABIO monte samienmocrn m pacerime Gopuyau . bees 105 wa Kabezpe npoucccos # annapatos JITH um. Jlencozera Guo pues aitiottesssneccrnl Pebliil an coaaHo Hactosilee yue6tIoe NocoGHe, KOTOpOe OT H3AAHHA K HSLAHKIO Omens te xompomuue seiow’ S222 IITiiiiiiiii: OGHOBAAeTcH. Kunra caymnT ecTecTselitim OMOANEHHeM K SBE ctuomy yseOunky A. I. Kacatkiia, nozrorosnexiomy Kxadeaport mpoueccos anniaparos MXTH um. J. H. Menzeneesa, u x pany compeMennsix MoHOTpadA mo orneAbIEIM pasxenam Kypca (B COOT- Bererain ¢ yraeprkienHiofi Musipysom CCCP nporpasmon). Kpone toro, Kaceapoft npoueccos # annapatos JITH wa. Jlew covera a paspitue Kypca Gout costanst Monorpadun «Iwapomexann- Hecke npotleccsi xinuveckKoH TexHosorMN», «TensOo6MeHKHe npo- ueccbt XHMHYeCKOF TexHO“IOTHH®, «Maccoo6enuBie npoueccE! (CuCTeMEL € teepioi dbasoli) Tlecavoe waganwe orausaeten ot npeasiaytero Tea, 470 B Hero Bueceist HOBLe pacteTHBte NPHMepHI OcHOBHLIX THNOB anmaparoB (rentoo6measnkos, MaccooGmenituix annaparos) ¢ npumewentien SBM. Bu6auorpagmaecen® enucok . . . Mpmaomente eee ee eee eee eee B10Tiporpamae: cocranaéis wa nerko aganTipyeNom Aan pasauamx cucte SBM sauxe (POPTPAH-IV). Tepepasorke nonsepraancs Take riaBbt 2—10. B HoBOM Ha_aHHM OCOboe BHHMAHKHe YACIeHO Bonpocam crannaprit sau. B mogroropke Hosoro usaaina Gonbuian paGota Guia Bu noauexa M. H. Kypouxnuoll. 3a ueninie cosets mo o6HoBmenitio MHhopManHOHHOTO MarepHata B OTJeMbHX TmaBaxX gTOrO yseCHOTO nocobis Bupaxkaio Gnarogapuocrs H. B. Oseponoii, A. A. Menweaesy M AYTHM nipenojaBatenaM HaUIeH KadespEr. Bupaxaio npiisnatersuocrs B. H. Kuceabunkosy 3a clenanusie aNCHaHA H BHIcKasaHiMe noxeTaHHA. i. , Poxansos OCHOBHDIE YCJIOBHBIE OBOSHAYEHHA W EXMHMUb! M3MEPEHHA beans | crsamne | seen ene & ; ‘ Branwoers wotepnane au velar Buicora Hh ™ eure Nonvinw ormoemtensian ae Rares, ommocireat tom Y ‘ou. c rovonu macconan: c acl Macca ‘monbHan 6, My ih seivont a vce tomem nk, epee sorepezan Koop 7 quost! fate fen a0 cnau)) ‘Mecrioro conpoTasaenun Koxp- c Mette Ny Br O6veu + wa? a OGremnoro pacumpenna Kosten B Kr eeMpoxoamenne Besse ae Tepuwerp 1 Tlaotwocr 8 apie cman fs ey Bee meyer ; : i ee eet TipowsBoautembwocth wacoca, Ben Q wile, ula zn } ae og : ae : we Texnepary pe 7,40 é Fe ence wom Th Re EE ery ° * ESC alg Tartan ‘xoshpaunent % Bri(u® K) comarca, ae inners cove ee : aerma wie R a ; ‘Suraxpmia yAenbuan wet Dowhicr BBOJHBIE METOMMYECKHE YKASAHHA Llenepoit yerationxo npaxrisieckitx sanaTHil no Kypey npoweccos H annapavos aBsneTca OOyseKHe cTyzeHTOB MeTOAHKe pacieta 1 NpoeKtiiponanua XuMMUecKOM annapatyph NYTeM paccmorpeHua PH MepOB pellleHHA KOHKpeTHLIX saa. Tip paciere annapatos MpHxoaNTea nmpHMeHaTh pasanunue Quanueckie BeAHIHLs, TOTBIOBATHCA JAKHAIMH O HHsHYECKAX CBO‘ CTBAX peuLeCTB (NAIOTHOCTH, BASKOCTD, TensonpoBoRHocTs HT. 11). Bee ari nennavii MoryT Gtirb MaMepens H BbIpademt 8 Tex NaH MH eamunnax. B CCCP c 1 ausapa 1980 r. npiusta aaa scex oGaactefi HayKH, TeXHNKH H Hapomuoro XossficrBa MexiyHaponwan cucrema emi Hitt (CH), octopmisn eantimawn KoTopof aBamOTeA: jAMHBI — MeTD (\), Maccst — KWJorpamm (Kr), apeMeHn — cexynaa (c), CHAM s7eKTDH weckoro Toka — axnep (A), Temmepatypbi —Keaveun (K), nant coera — Katizena (Kj), KOamMectBa Beulectsa — moab, Kpome Toro, cTaliaapToM mpexyeMOTpeHB Be AONOAMHTEADHBE eAMTTNAE: EAH kwua mAockoro yraa — panialt (paa) H eamunua Tesectioro yraa — crepaanax ( BercTbyiolie’ nactiocts KoMmonesT0D. 3. Jlasnenne p cron6a xuakoctn sucotoli h mpx maorHoeTH >XkHLIKOCTH paptinercn: p=pah. (1.6) ensulty h—w a. Brees p pupameno » Ma; p—3 xrfs Vexoaa ua toro ypasienis, noaynaen cneayiomne coortolieHia Mexay emnnHuaMH aBzenHA: 1 arm = 760 mae pr, ct. = path = 13 600-9,81-0,76 = 1,013-10¢ Ma = = 1,083-108 non, cr. = 1,033-104 xre/a? = 1,038 xrejew 1 nrc/cu? = 10! xreyt = 9,81-10¢ Ta = 735 anu pr. or. = 10! um non. er. 4. Ocntostioe ypapuenne ruapocraTHKH: P= Pot pet, an 48 p_— rwapocrarwvecKoe nassenue ua rayOune f (8 x) oF uovePRHocTH xcNAKO- hu, TT3; py —dabaenie Ha nobepxnocrs muzKocTR, Ta Cha napneana xnAKoCTH Ha naockyio crenky P (8 Hi P= (4+ pie) F, 7) ae py —sangenme a novepxyoers muaKoers, Tia; fe — rayénna norpyaenna Mpa necrn ern 00H YpoDIEN naKocm, 6 naoniccs aO=TE wht; F— nioaae novepxviocta creuku, Mt, g= 9,81 we? — yoxopentie C3000R oro nanensA. * B ypaoueums Knanclipone ana 1 xvom rase po RT regooas nocromuas = Be OIE 310 adeuom-¥) v0 Eee. npn To 0°C= 278,15 K m py = 700 wm pr. cr. 1015-108 Ta, 185, Eanminu uswepeumn aunamnveckoro Koxppunelta 583K0- om Hee Wars EE ottaeo wee (Wlnxree= SSS; Uhre = 2m Em may Cootnowenne MexIY OOO NpHNeHReMENMN eaHNUaMit Wome enna p: Lela 0 ten gig BSE. Kntiemaruseckui xoxppxunent paskoctu v (8 u/c) cansan c aie HawiecKiiM KoopDHUNENTOM BASKOCTH COOTHOWERKEM: as 6. Suavenua p AAA xNAKOCTeM NpH paamHYHEsX TeMnepaTypaK MOXHO ONpeeJHTs NO HOMOrpawMe, MpHBeReHKOl wa pyc. V (cM. TIpustoxcene). Tipn oteyrersun skenepyMenraabHBX aanKEX UManMNecKHi KosGbHUMeHT BASKOCTH MHOTHX oprattiNecKHx -uMKocTeH (npH 20°C) npuGamkenHo Momer Ours suUKeReH nO cHeayrouel sMNUPH- yeckott opuy.te: 1 CeW) =( An + Ep) appa — 29 (1.10) Me — aanmeceu KoxgmuueNT sRaKocTH mNAKOCTH Opt aTWocepHOM xeB+ ‘emit u 20°C, afl, p-—etomoere “musioenn athe; Nota wagce, Hr/kwaty; A — scao' omwonstennain afeacn a hodenyse ‘oprasmvecKoro Coe! tenia; —-uncnennoe Snavenne aroxnoR Konetautay p= noupaska Ws TpYane onxy” eronon x xapanrep ‘canon Mem “a ATOMHHe KONCTAHTSI NH MHCaeHHNe ataNeHNA nonpaBOK p np Benen B Ta6a. X (cm. Mpuaomwenne). Han onpeaeneuua no ypaouenio (1.10) yro6na HoMorpasma (pxe. I, ctp. 553), na Koropolt nenusinna Ig (Ig j) oGoanavena sepes y. Ecaw y — Beauunna hoaomutTenbuas, cieayeT NoAbsoBaTECA NpaBOH wkaNof, pH OTpuuATeNbHOM aHayeHHH y — aeBolt. Kaxknomy 3Ha- NeHIIO y COOTBeTCTBYeT sHaveHHe pW — AlHaMHuecKHH KosppHuneHD rakoctH 2KHAKOCTH npH 20 °C. 7. Han onperenenua aunawnvecKoro KosippruneHta BasKocTH A208 mpi paanianx Texmeparypax NOATIO HenOmEADBATS HOMO: rpammy, mpHBerentyio ua pic. V * Wacro anwaxnveckitt xosippauent ansKoeTa CoxpamlenHo waakipaior npocto H Dunamnsecknii koxppaunent asskocrH rasoBux cmeceli woxeT Guts DELUeAeH MO MpHGMEKeNHOA opmyae: Mow viMs voll aap Hew te 20 Moy, Mts Myy vy —Monianie nace eween rag08 w OTReAbHEAN KOWNOVEHTOR; ow, Sal War ne cooreercrayioume AWNaMITNCKHE KOMNIUENTIN BASKET, "oniimie aon KoMmOuenTOS 8 eMech. oa Jlrs Bunicnenns ley JAK TA308 MpHMEHAETeR TAKE CHeMyIONAR SMrupHuecKas opMyiia, MpopepeHan Ha pale TasoBux cMecel (Koxconsii raz, Texeparopmach ras m xp.) NpM aTwocheprom apne rn: sins V BF, + ita V HiT gg t 2 RSV MT ep, + ta Malin, + Baece poy — Auuanavecnnft xooduiylent BaSKocTH cMecR px TexmepaType #; "SYjymaumiecne nooenenty sxoety woMone Hon npH Telnepe SORE NOAM KONTOKENTOR; My, Mayon. — MORBINE MACCK vs Dgpyy oe — MDATANCCHHE TeumepaTyPH RowmOneHTOD, K. . (1.12) B ra6a. XI npupeneus snavenun MT) WR pasnuuHBx raa08. Hswenenve miamnueckoro Koxppiuitenta BasKocTH Ta30B ¢ TeMe Depatypof Beipaxaerca opmyaoh: wenn, BAS (EY, as (Qe Yo — amaurvscent noofbuuuent asaxcern npr O°C; T—rexnsparypa, Ki Qi Mecronman Caepaens [13, ". 1]=-on t26a. V" 8. Ina ewecit nopmanbitx (xeaccoumposanHBx) >%xnaKocTelt SHANEHHE poy MOOKET OBITS BEIIHEMEHO TO opMyr Neem = 1 goa + Mea + oo ay PRE fly Hay os — AaAMNCCKHE RosfYpeUEHT My Hae oo — MORDHBE ROM KOMTOHENTOS B CECH B coorpereraitit ¢ annutasoctsto Texysectell KOMMOHeHTOB AHKa- mnvecknit Kosppumnent BAaKOCTH eMecH HOPMAIBHEK >xnAKocTeR onpeneasetes ypannentien: 1 Hoy, Fo Fern st —oOreume aot KounoweuToe B cuecs. SKOCTH OTAEALRNE KoUTCWEHTOD; (Qaida) Te yy Foye Tunamivecksii Kosfypuunent sasKoctH pasSasaennbx cycnensHht Mo MoxeT Out paccuitan no hopmy.an: pH KouuenTpauHH TBepAOH haat meHee 10% (06.) He = Hm (0 + 2,59); (1.15) 15pH KoRUeHTpanHH TeepAOH dpasti x0 30% (06.) = om (1.153) Kom be OIE? Saeco tye — aatuannsecknl KesfibaunexT oABKOcTH AMCTOA KUAKOCTA @ — oOnewian” a0 TBepAol Gast B eVenenaa 9. Han waxoxxewit anHaMnYeckoro KoxpuuieHTa BAgKOCTH 2HHAKOCTH NO AUHAMHNECKOMY KosMhpHIENTY BAsKOCTHL ¥TaOHHOFO RewlectBa MoxxeT OLIT NPUMEHEHO NPABHAO aHHeHHOCTH OmHOSHATIEAX XUMHKO-TexHOMOrNYeCKHX PyHKuMit, ycranoBneHHoe K. &. Tasno- sum, Ha ocHosannn npasita aunefiocth nomysaen, file Fy =P uy fy, — TeMiteparypis mmaxocrs; @,, WG, — euneperypet staxoKuioro pM Kovopux eT amanuveckue Kowpputdieura sA2KOCTH paBubt cOOT DBereTaYIOWNIM ANNAMHNECKRN KOSH >UUNCHTAM BABKOCTL RWAKCETH Hy Hye Alin wiorux knaKoctell sabucumocrs meway Ig ww 1/7 nparu~ Neekin stHHefia: ~K = const, (19) lenmotpy, (1.160) fe 9 nb —auanomayaainise xovereime xvaKocnm; T—reuneparypa, K. Kax ezeayer ns nocaeniero ypasiiemia, 6yaer anela ft SaBncr- MocTs MersaY aorapHbuann siiammuecKHX KOSpIAIeNTOR. BASKO- er By miaKocreli An B (npn oxtnaxosoix revmeparypax): ee Tey, 7, — ley, 7, Tipu npu6moxennow pacsere annamnseckHx KosebuuHeHTOB Bas Koctit akuRKocTeit To npasuay JHNeMlHOCTH pesymbTaTH GyAYT TEM Nanenciee, yem Grwxe no cBOe dusHKO-KiMiGecKOH npupore ABE Conoctapanenbie xWAKOCTH (BOAKKIE pactsope cose — Boxa, upe AeAbiIe yrMesoxOpoAM — renrail HT. 1). 10. Ypasnenus pacxona OGsenusti pacxon aiKocrH Han rasa V (B Mfc): = const. (1.166) Vaal, (7) Macconuit pacxon axuaKocTH Ham rasa M (8 xr/e) M=Vo =a (1.18) Syecs | — nacane norepesnoro cesenis noTOKs, Mi; w— cpeaHaH cKopOeTE MoToKa, w/e; —naoruocrs -mMHAKOCTH HAM rasa, xr/et, Aan tpy6onposoxa Kpyraoro cexeunn ypasnenne (1.17) npu- wubtaer Bu V 0.78580, rae d— suyrpens anewerp rpy6u, , * Sto coomoweune sxenepuMentaabHo tino waitaeno A, [loprepon. 6 ze TaOamue 1 toro we Tras npn cerecraenon rare 24 TPaau apm sruospepion nai Ganakow K weny Aaaeunn @ seuransuos- — 5—30 iat nen yon ones eatocrn npn voce con exoo 1-0; Hemera baat seemed o528 sd nee ape Scone naneeaah Page: S910 00,8. erelew) 1540 T6497 108 fis 205 xeclo?) i-00 TIpw aaganiom pacxone Vu npiaroi cxopocti w anamerp tpy60- nposoaa onpeseaseren no ypastienio: Ve am To sromy ypasHeniio nocrpoea Homorpamma (pic. IV). Opnentuposounsie sttavennx cKopocrel, MpHiMMaemnx npit pace erax BHyTpHgABOReKHX Tpyonposoxos, npiBeneHbi B TaGa. 1.1 Ypapieue HepaspsrBxocrH (ci-towocTH) AMA HECKHMAeMOR AKHA- KoctHl, npotexatoutell no tpySonposoay nepenentioro cevenma: V ety ah ah... (1.20) I, Ocuosusie kpurepHu ruaponniamueckoro Noxo6Hs| MOTOKOB, Mporekatomnx no tpy6aM H KaHanaM. Kputepah Pefinoanaca, xapaxrepnsyiommf raapo- Auuawnveckii pexuM 1 aBARIOMUicA Nepol OTHOMEHHA cit HEpHUK WH BAYTPeHHero TpeHHs B NOTOKe: Re = uno, = a/v, ae w — epeanan cKopoer» noroxa. w/e: d — auawerp spy6onponaxa, o noeTS maLaKOCTH, Kr — AMuanMsecKHA KosppuuieNT BADKOCTH, Marc; ¥— omnewarHsccKHA Kosgebuniont nAgKoeTE, tle, Zax noroKos, npoxonautnx mo mpaMsi tpy6am, XapakrepHis crenyioune axavenu KpHtepus PeftHomsn¢ Tlaunapnce zexeune Re << 2300 Tepexoanan o6nacrs 23004 Re <4 10.000 Pasuroe typbyaewtioe revewne Re> 10000 Alaa notoKos, npoxoasmnx no us0rHyTSIM TpyGam (sMeeBHKaM), KpHtHueckoe stavente Reg BENE, eM B HpaMBX Tpy6ax, H saBHICNT or oromenna d/D, rae d— pytpennMit Auamerp Tpy6u! smcesnKa, D—awanerp surkos aueesixa, ra gapiicumocrs npexcrasnena wa pac. 1.1. JI OTOKOS HeKpyroro nlonepesHoro ceveHA B BupaxeHHe ana Re noncranseren 3xBiaaAeHTHLA AHaMeTP, paBkisi ywerBepel womy ruapasquseckomy paanycy. "7Pees Hot. Sannennaers Rey Basee> meas oF ormomenns /D" Tuapasauseckui paau- ye f npeactapaser coboit OTwomenHe m7ouaRH nO epextioro ceeuus noTOKa | | L_'-| | K OMbBaeMomy noTOKOM Taira GTS Gie Gir (eHoNeHHOMy) nepreacerpy De: a/D fom {Ml (1.22) Alas rpy6s Kpyraoro ceveHus, chaoui sanoAHEHHOH w&HAKOCTEIO: nati 0.) CregovarensHo, ANA MOTOKOB HeKpyraoro ceyeHHR BMeCTO JHA MeTpa MORHO NpHMeHaTS skRHBAZTeNTHIBAA ARAMeTP: tym Meo HM. 3) Kpurepuh Opyna, asamouuiica Mepoa oruowenua cus mitepuNt H T3KeCTH B NOTOKe: = . (1.25) ae g— yexopene esoGoanoro naseenn, wle2, K purepuh SAxcep a, apnaomutica mepok ornomenua cua Aapnenua H niMepunH B noTOKe! Ap Eun, (1.26) iae Ap — pasvocre ansnen (novepa saarewss, sarpavenoro ma npeoxozene Tugpasauseexoro conporasien), 12, Ypannenue Bepnyaan 249 HessaKoit (weambHol) HecaKuMa- eMoii aK AKOCTH: atteyHanp ys. (1.27) it Pe Feat St az Zlun asxolt (peaasuoil) wecxusaemofl muaKoctet m at thts ato ci 5 at gt og (1.27e) Sneco z— reowerpuvecia (ssicorussl) wanop, »; plipg) — meescaerpuvecui (exanmecnt) nanop, a “roan wll ap, Bg fanop, norepsnisi wa npeazorere conperamacil, Me 13, Sanncnwocrs steakay epeawell ckopoctbIo w H MaKeHMaABHOR (oceBo!) CKOPOCTEIO wwe B TPyGonponore: a) NH AaMuKapHom pemINe w= O,Swyaxe; 6) pu Typ6yaeuTHOM pexciMe OTHOWIEKHE t)tuang SABNCHT OD Benuunnet KpuTepHa Re = Wyane dp/t (pyc. 1.2). NpuGauaxenno npa ryp6yztettnon perxnme w = (0,8-+0,9) thane * Tipe Gomumux anauewunx Re orvouenve /teays MOMET OHS 1 BUN 0,9, 18 or epurepa Re Ut, SAMHcHMOETH OTTOUENIH yay gg a koctu w (B m/c) Hs maoro oT Reperia B aHe HAH BcTeHKE co- ” 9F cya mpl noctoauHom yposne — gs HKUAKOCTH B COCy Re: 10 10% 107 10" 10" 108 — Re wap V 2h, (1.28) 22 @ — noptipuuneur cKopocrs, Gespaawepunik; g — yeKopede cncboqvoro ns eu, wet H—-nucora yoasiix mwiKocts Hida MeUTpoM oTsepcTum, b Eau gapnenie a nonepxtoctn aKuaKoctH 8 cocyze (p>. Ta) W gapnentie 8 npocrpaucTee, Kyaa BuITeKaet crpys (p, [la), HeonnKa- Konts, To w hopmyay (1.28) awecto H wazo mogcrasnr» weanaiity H = H+2EP, me p—nnotuocty suarexatomel mnnkocra, Kr/ie, OGsemsiil packox xuaKoctH V (8 w/c), sTeKatomell yepes orveperHe natoutaast0 fy (B xt), pH HocTOMHHoM ypoRHe AKHAKOCTH Bcocyze H MPH py = p coctaBaner: 14. Cxopoct» weresertis 2k do > V = af, V2gH. (1.29) Syece a —Geapaauepicih xoxbpuuuest pacxona, npescrasaaiouuh cob ‘upowsmexenme xoxpbuituenta cxopocta pM KOmpuuwenTa CATH CTPYH a=oe. (1.30) 15. Bpena onopoxtenta t(s ¢) orxpsrToro cocyza, umeiomero NocrosunyIo msoWaxs NoneperHoro ceveHta f, Yepes orBepcTHe HaoUaAEIO fy MOKET GuiTb NOACHHTAHO NO ypaBHENMto: VAL “OVE? a3 rae H —wauaneanill ypoven xuaKocTH wax orpepeTHen, mM. 16. Mamepenne pacxoxa xnaKocTH HM rasa HopMasbHof aNa- parwoit (pre, 1.3). ‘OGsewnniih pacxox »uaKocTH Haw rasa V (B MK vot, V2 eat, Vow SE ay re a — woxbibemueuT packoza wopMassxoh awapparuu m raaakoM (xesepoxon2: Tou). rpysonpovore (ra6a. XV), k—nonpanouknih wvomirens, yurumsNNER epoxosstocts creKGK TpySonposaxa (cpetune snasenun & xa% TpyGonposoIO npmacgenis 9 ra6a. XVI; aun ruapanaiveext raaaxux. "py6onposanon & ~ 1) iy 7 885d) — noun, omepernn azapparsn, ws dy — suawerP orpepcTun, aauocrs ypoaieh muAKOETH B aupuaiioverpe, NpHcoeARieKHOM K AOPaHS, 3; fu —naotHocre. HRKOCTH B AULEMavoMeTpe, KI; | — NAOTHOCT mHAKOCTH (finn raaa), nporexaueh no TpyGonpasony, ri, 19Puc, 18s Crews uawepentin pacxona ¢ noone suapparms Puc. 14. Cxewa sasepenia cxopoesoro aamseiin € MOMOLILIO TpYGH Duro Mpanxtaa Tax KaK Kooppiunext pacxona aKapparmet @ sasncut or Re = ued/v, a suavenne Re sapanee wenapectuo, to npn uaMepenut pacxona V czeayer mpusrs mo taGn, XV epee siiavente c 2aa Janworo m. Save, vscsitcaun V, onperension siaveune Re, yTO% RIOT BeaMUniy cH, ECM HYDKHC, KOPPeKTHPYIOT pacuer. 17. Hsmepentie packona ‘nAKOCTH HAH ra3a C MOMOILDIO NHEBMO- uerpnecofi tpy6xu Maro — Fpanatan (pic. 1.4). ‘TpyGxy Tito — Fpatiaras yranapnnsaior Towle no och Tpy6o- npoxo2a Ht npH mOMOW MpHcoEmMHeHHOrO x Heit gH Maxomerpa naxonat vemtunny Ap = H (py —p) g= Apex. Sate paccunts- BaloT MaKenManbityio (OCeBy!0) —CKOPOCTS TIGTOKA Wyave = 2gH (Py — p)/p, onpenenmor semnanty Re = Wyanedp/y uno Tpaguxy (pie. 1.2) naxonst OTHOUICHHE W/yaxc, 1S KOTOPOTO BH ‘unensIOT cpeaHow cKopocth w. Pacxox s«naKoctu iam rasa onpenersiot mo dopmyate (1.17): Vaws, rat f-—nsowan» nonepesnoro cevenux tpyConposona, 18. Momsocys N (8 KBr), norpeGnnewaa xenratenem wacoca (uam pextnaarépa), paccuntuBaeten no opmyae: Vso _ Vogt 10007) 7000 * (1.88) Snecs V— ofvewuuih pacxox xnaKoeTH wan rasa, w/e; Ap — nooumenne ‘Rapsetinm, cOoGuaeMoe iiacocoe (BeNTHARTOPOM) MepEKSAEIEAOMY MOTOR H PABHOE onwowy ‘napanauveckouy conpotnsitenne cer, Tla; Hy — wanop, cosnasaeMsih * Ceniso asusaerea 1a cuerewa TpyGonposozoe H annaparoa, Yepes KoTopye acos (sentuaarop) npoxatiisaer aatocT» (P33). ILanmeue, NOAYHEHHOe -SKOCTEIO or atoca, noAMGeTAD packoxyeres Ka Npeoxaienne 06ex THAPABANYECKIN COnpO: 20 wacocoM, a p —naorHoer® wnuKocTa, n/n’ g== 9,81 mle? — yenopene c0o- Goxnoro’ nazet; 1 OOutnil K. M.A. WACOCHOR BeNTi-EALUONHOA) YcraNONKH — et. Gopmyay aA), Tip nepexasuaannn xuakocrel Hacocamt ypasuextie (1.33) cnpapeanteo mp ao6uix Ap, a ja rasos anus npn Ap < 0,981 X x 0! Ta, naw 0,1 Krc/ew! (Betrrnaarops). Ecnt ana rasos Ap > 5 0,981- 10 Ta ‘(rasoaysKu, KoMnpeccopsl), To pacxoa sHeprun nOACUiTEBAETCR HO TepMOAHHaMHsECKHM popMyaaM — cM. TH. 2. Tipn pacuere no ypasuexnio (1.33) momioctn, notpe6amenoi Hacocom HAH BeTHaRTOpOM, BeAHHHY Ap, pasuyo noaoMy THA- pasmmieckomy conporinaenio ceTH, nloxcuNTNBAIOT KaK CyNMy ‘caeayioMNx caaraeMbix: p= Bex + APep + Pu. o-+ OPvox + BPxom (134) ne Apex —sarpara 1aszei0in Ha cO3xOHNE eKOPCETH OTOKA Na BAKONE 19 ceTH (exopécte » nporrpaucroe acacuaun paBwa 1Y%00): Apyp— noTepA Aasacim HA peoraneie Conporuniesus "pests; Oy, g — NOTepH nasrenin Ka npeototenne ectusx conporundentt Mpooy = Pligon —~ SaTpaTa AMAENNM wa HONE aHARO- K Bpaou = ba Py — pasioors aantennil ® mpoerpanerse. warweTana (P) 8 npoctpanerbe weactivamnn (2) 19. Satpara aasnenns Ha cosnatine cKOpocTH moTOKa: Apex = 69/2 (1.38) fe w —exopocts noTons 8 rpySe, We; p— naoTHoeTs KuAKoCTH (rasa), xe/’, 20. Tlovepa aasnenna Ha tpeHite 8 npaMisx tpyGax H KaHanax. A.Hsotepmusecknf notox (puc. ton 1.6). Temnepatypa nporexatomeli no rpyGe mnaKocTH (rasa) noctonutta. Pacuetnan bopmy.ta: La Seep ae, (1.36) Hau 8 Kphtepuansuoh Gopme (18 naxHOH wepoxosatocTH cTeHKH py) Eu mc Re, (137 B stax dopmyaax 4 — xoshpuunent tpewms, Sespasmepmusi (ero snavenue 2 oben cays stanein OF pexiars Teteuun n epoxoeaTocta creuKt TBYOM Ay & — sxnneatesrinai suauerp, o(uan Tpytw xpyraoro.ceven dg =). Le fina py, a, w ~ exopocte notonn, wer p =v nsorucere nteoern WN T558, wiht "Bam Spagfw')s Rem egos Fae Udy. Suauenne Kosfpuunenta tpeaua 4 onpenenaiot mo aaHubiM pic. 1.5 * 1.6 man mo WoKecnegytomnM dbopmyziam, 1, Jlamunaproe mevenue (Re < 2300). Kosdpuunent 4 we sapn- CHT OT WepOXOBATOCTH CTeHKH TpYObI, a 3aBNCHT ToMBKO oT Rey AAs TPYG Kpyra0ro cevennA A= 64/Rey (1.38) * Ha pucy 1.5 nyuxrupow noxasaua rpannua Tax HasnesewoR amrononension oGnacri, uxoTopol! Kansppituien tpey Ne asnitewr or KpuTeplia Re WoM:e3e~ ‘acted ToaLKD BemNSHIHOR oTHOUeHNA dale, 2111. Typ6yaenmaoe mevenue (Re ¥> 2300). 1. Tuapasauyecku TaaaKne Tpy6ui (cTeKaniibie, Memubie, coninoBLe = 0,316/Re™, (1.40) Popuyaa (1.40) aeficrsnrensita npn Re < 100 000. WApaBtHNecKH WepoxoBatiKe TpyGe (crambuBIe, ayTy:HHIe), BespaamepHofi reoetpnuecko xapaxtepuctnxoll rHapapai- NeckH WepoxoBaTéx Tpy6 Kpome orKomeHHA L/d, aBnaetca oTHoCH TembHAA ulepoxonatocts, 7. e. OTHOWIeHHe cpemitell BBICOTLI BUIeTyNOB (Gyropxon) ¢ ta creuxax TpyOu K ee SKBHBaneHTHOMY aNaveTpy dy: eel (aly Tpmietineren Tawxe H oOpatian seamuitita (dle). Opntentaponoune cpeasine stavenns wepoxoaaTocrn creitoK Tpy6 ¢ (8 MM) npusexents B ta6n. XII. Popmyaa gan pacuera Kospxpuunenta tens 4 8 wepoxosarsx TpyOax 1 e (18a yoo pro te [srt ety] (142) TpHMeHHMa H nA aBToNOZeABHO! oGnacTH, ecaH BrOpoe caraeMoe B aagpariaix exoGKak npupasians yn B. Hexsorepmuveckni notox. Tip Hensorepuueckom Texelun, Kora npoTeKatoman no Tpy6e ugnocre. arpesaerer wai oXaamaseren. (feuneparypa” crete ‘py6u otanuaetca or Teuneparypu iAKOCTH), eneayer npaBele 4acrh dopuya (1.38) 4 (1.40) ysuoiars wa GespasmepHnle nonpasowsie Roxpannewtrw x [4.1] funn dawmnapnoro peta rer) x= (SEL), ay Fae Rejus Prag, Grin — xpitepun Peftwoabaca, Mpauatas u Cpacroba (cw. erp. 161), susneatchise aan cpeuel TennepaTypat rxiaKOCTH; Prox — xDHTepHA Tipesizens, DuwucAeHMa ax mNaKOcTH upw TeMlNepaType creURW ‘TpYCH. ‘Tak Kax aaa rasop attavenue Kpwrepua Pr c sMeweusest Teste paTYPEL MpaKTHeckH ocTAeTeA TOCTOAKHLIM, TO nONpaBOUHEAT KOR Gutiwent x no dopatyae (1.44) ana razoe pases enue. C nosumentem Temnepatype y KaNesBHLIX *KUAKOCTeH sHaueHHA xputepua Pr ynewtuatores (puc. XIII), ostomy nonpavouttsit Kosppuunent (Prey/Pry)" pH oxmaxkacHUN xKMAKOCTH (fer< bx) Sombie eqns, a MPH Harpese aHAKOCTH (lor E> by) MEHLIE exe nau. 21, Tloteps aasneuua wa spenne 8 usoraytolt tpy6e (suecsnKe) Apex Gonbure, Hem B npaMol TPy6e Apap: Pon = Soaps (1.49) 4 Bespasmepnatii nonpasowiti Kosdxpannent ip > 1 sarmncnsiot no dopmyae: 4 voltae, 46) rae d— nuyrpesuuh swawerp rpy6it; D — avamerp urea sweenuxa (cm. pc. 1.1) 22, Tloveps napnenin Ha npeonomeHne MecTHbx conpornEaeHiti (Konetia, anabparnel, sanopime npcnocoGzenms, sitesanttne pac- iumpenna HAM cyKeHHA HT. 1.). Tlorepa nanaekna 8 Kaxj0M MectHOM conpoTHBTeHNN sBsAeTCA cysMoil 2Byx moTeps: Ha TpellKe H aonomNTeMBHOM noTepH, BULBBaH- noi Havetenens HanpaBaenna Wa naowaan monepedttoro ceueHinA notoka. Tax KaK mpy pacteTe conpotnamenna tpeHKs Ap, ynTH saiot sci anny Tpyonposoaa L (skalovan NecrHe compoTHBAe- iia), 10 Apy.¢ 8 ypasiettnn (1.34) mpenctasaner cobo cymmy sTHx AOTOAKNTEADMEX oTep> AaBseHNA. Pacver noveps nabjelita Ha MecTHBie conpoTHEneHia ocyte- crpaserea no dopmyae: wp 4pm. e= Dye aan rye E — nesfppuuieur wectuoro conporunaemn, Gespaavepssil (ero auasenu BAR wenoteptex wecrHNx conporunnedul npueneine 8 vax. XIII) uoraa npnaetaeter apyroii enoco6 pacieta, no KoTopomy n0- Tepa naBreiia B MecTHOM conpoTHaqeHNn npupaBinBaetes Tizpa. BAHYECKOMY COMPOTHEACHHIO MPAMON TpyGM SKBHBANEHTHOA AMHEL 1 BP in BO 4 40m, ecb Ly = nd —oxeusanenrian anHie npswol spy6st, uneouel TaKoe me ranpanunecice conporyanemes tar satnoe Bective Soupounnseanes 0 koe {unter (Gepanwep snout noise apmnoncn enpanumnkas, Sep, aan seiminn opwaasnore. m= 1002120, ‘198 nenTUANpaNonONHO*O = = M0420). 23, Ecan cers mpenctasnaet coGoi tpyGonposo, nocroaHioro onepesHoro cewettus, TO cKopocrs *kiAKOCTH (Taga) NOCTOAKHA MO Aaune TpyGonpoBora NoHOe rHmpABaMYecKoe conpoTHBAEHe ceTH ‘Apo 8 coorsercrann ¢ ypasiennem (1.34) Gyaer paBHo dem SP (14 AL + 2) + othoon + O1— Pd (49) Han pn Bropox cnocoGe pacsera noTep Ha Mectittie conpoTHazeHtin: bem Be [1p AEE + ghgon + (eave (180) 24, Tuapanznaeckoe conpotmanenne nysKos tpy6 mpi monepes- HOM OMUIBAIINH HX nOTOKOM, 8TaGauua 12 ee ee er Kopaopane nyskn: Eu = 06 + 4.5m) (42) Rete, ashy Mlaxwatine nysau: npu 3 40 A= 16/Rep, (1.59) re Rep = tr dst = Aup (on), Pacier riapagmsleckoro conpoT#szenns opollizembix Hacaton Gonee cnowen — cM. opmyi H rpapixn, npneenenme 6 [6.1 # 6.3). 27. Tnapasauiecsoe conpomisnenie tapenb¥aTsix KOmOHHLX annaparos. Conpotseneune GapGoramuofl rapenkn Ap paccwntuBaroT Kax cymmy tpex cnaraewsix: Ap = APosx + Apa + Pow (1.60) * Tipmmcuserea raxxe opoya = SmiRe?, exe m—sucxo pros TpyO B MaNpanzeMN anxCHIR NoTOKA.Pac, 1.7, Cxewa eommanonol repens. Srece Apeyx — compornaaeune cyxom yaperixi Apy™ conpotunese, Bustle ‘aeNOe CHaaNtH MORE XHOCTHOTO HOTAKEHI; Adem — conporumnenne ragORIAKOTAOTO 10m" ua Tapeaxe, Comperuanesine eyxoR rape stn: dre =o, ony Te tg —exopeero ra» upo br —mrornocte. rasa, ar/be E—Rosppmgiew conpoTuBtenns, pasa Ana xonmasnosux Tapeaok . «6 +. + vee 45-50 em oanaKa wm» oxepctns Tapenen, wey ‘aa cnrsatux tapenox: ‘co esoGomum covenitew ommepersfl 7. : 1,92 ers > yh ee Jas peweryarsix nponaabuux taperox. . > 1415. Conporipienne, suistisaemoe cHmaMH nonepxHoctHoro nats- Kens Apo = 40/4, (1.62) Bnech 9 —novepxnocrioe warmkeune, Hit; cd —sxnuearcuraih ananerp fomweperua, x. fag KoanasKossix TaperOK d, = fT (fF — naomane cvoConioro feeuenus npopess, [1—nepnuerp upopesn), aan exrvarux 1 aupyatix mposats- tx TapedOK dy paven AMaNeTpy oTeepcrHa, a AA peuleTWATUX MPOSSALMX Ta eax — yawoeswok wnpine agen, Conpotuanenme rasoxnaKoctHoro con (npH Tex ckopoctax rasa, KoTopble MpHMeHsIOTeH 5 TapenbuaTHIX MaccoOGMeNBIX Ko/OKHaX — ew. 1. 6 7): a) ita Koama4Konoh Tapeaxe Spon = Shon (1 +5 + 44) (1.63) xe g — yexopenne enoGonyoro manenia, wet k — otwocuTensian nactuoers £a30- MuKOCTUOTO eon (neuni) [pH pacierax MpuUNaIOT npwGmKeHHO k= 0,5]; Py: — muioTuoeTs. anaKoeTH, RE/NG) I paccrosnue OF BEpxueTo xpas mpopesel AO causxoro nopora, x (pie. 1.7); €— socora mpopesi; mM; AA — suicora ypoBiR 2AWIKOCTH HOR GRUBANML HOPOCOH, MS 6) Ha currsatoli tapenxe pn = LSehonc (ta + Oh), (1.64) 36 I — score eannuoro nopora, m (eK. pe. 7.18), Beanunua Ah onpenenserca no dopmyne Hcresenita Yepes B0n0- cane © yueToM naoTHocTH Mens: (1.65) a Von mone pacxon maxoctn, ale; [I —nepamerp canna, mj 8 = 05 APHMEPBI Tipumep 1.1. Oruocurensistfi yaensunih sec nespru 0,89. Onpene- siitrs naotiocts Hepri_n CH Wp cnetewe MKTCC. Peweuune, 1) CH. Cornacio ypasnenmo (1.2), A = plps= = ys, ostomy = Bq = 0,89-1000 = 890 xr 2) MKTCC: 47 = Ay = 0,89-1000 = 890 re Tlo ypannenitio (1.1) = vig = 690/9,81 = 90,0 xrenct/t, Mipumep 1.2. Onpexennte a CH nxotiocts anokcnaa asota mpi Paap = 10 Krefeu! in t= 20°C. Arwocpeptioe aanenne 760 MM pr. CT. (1,03 krefem; 101,3 «Tla). Pewenue. To ypasnenno (1.5) M_273p __ 48-273-11,08 OBE Tp We we. 1,0g ~ 705 eT Mipuep 1.8. Onpexenuts naorHocts Bosayxa npn Bakyywe (r, €. paspexkenin) 440 a pr. cr. (58,6 xfla) m temneparype —40°C. Arwochepoe aasnente 5 jaitom caysae npllnaTy pasunim 750 uot pr. cr. (99,97 KTTa), Pewenne, Momvian Macca toanyxa (79% asora n 21% KHe- Jopona no obvey): ‘M = 0,70-28 + 0,21-32 — 28,8 xrpunons. To opuyze (1.5) M_273p __28,8-273 (750 — 440 Ba To, PA 235- 760 Tipumep 1.4, Tlo tpy6am onnioxogooro Koy xorpyOuaroro Tenino obMeHHiKa (Sieao TpyS n= 100, Hapyaassf nnamerp tpy6 20 ma, ommuna crenxn 2 so1) mpoxonNT Bosayx npH cpenteli TeMneparype 60°C n ganmennn (no wanouerpy) 2 Krcjew* co ckopocrio 9 ule. Bapomerpntieckoe nansteniie 740 wi pt. er. Onperemnts: a) maccostih packoa Bosyxa; 6) oGuewneih pacxon nosgyxa np pabownx ycao- BHAX; 0) oGveMuttH packoa BoazyXa NPM HopMasbHLIX yenoDHAX, Plewenne. [notHocts poanyxa mpi KopMambiisx yCnOBNAX Po = 1,293 rj? (xa6a. V). PaGowee xassenne (a6comorHoe): P= Poay + Puan = 7A0-138,8 + 98 100-2 = 294 800 Ta, 615 rit, han p 40 + TB6-2 = 2210 ww pr.cr. Coommouenna mersay eanunuann nawepenna cu. taGa, LVI. Tlnotuocts nosayxa mpi paGowmx yenonnax: wT y 794 800.273 2 =O Da = 1298 Toray TS + Bay — 18 Hrlaes sap + PraswT 210.973 Spal = 0—pa ara gay = 318 mr ‘Macconuii pacxon sosayxa no ypapwtetuto (1.18): M = Vp whp = wn-0,7854p = 9-100-0,785-0,0168.3,18 = 0,57 urfes Ocvemutafi pacxon woaayxa np pasowx yenosusx: V = Mip =0,57/8,18 = 0,18 use. Ocvensiiti pacxoa sosayxa, mpisereunsili x HopsanbitisM yero: pus: Vy = Mipy = 0,57/1,298 = 0,44 wc, wan o=% Hipnmep 1.5. B orkpisrom pesepsyape Haxonntes aHaKocTs ¢ oT BocHTexbiiol maoTHOCTSIO 1,23, MatioMeTp, npucoemunenuBl B ie- Koropoll TouKe K creHKe pexepsyapa, HMOKASHBACT AABTeHHe Paso = = 0,31 krejem*, Ha Kakoit wucore tax aaHHol ouKOR HaxomMTca YpOBeH -iAKOCTH B peaepByape? . Pemenne. Buicota yposia xuakocta B pesepayape Han TouKOF NpucoeanueNA ManoMerpa Onpeneraeren ypasitenuen (1.7); ha Pam, ia lo yeaonno: p—py— 0,31 xrefew? = 0,31-108.9,81 Na, Taoritocrs axnaKoe 0 1,28-1000 = 1200 xejes 0,31-1049,81 Orewona 6 Mpumep 1.6. Baxyymmerp ita Gapomerpuieckom xonzeneatope noxasbisaet Bakyym, Papiuiil 60 cm pr. cr. Bapomerpnieckoe nae- ene 748 mm pr. ct, Onpegeaurt: a) a6comorHoe RaBTeHRe B KOH- RewcaTope B flan B Krofea; 6) Ha KaKyi Bucory H noanuMaeTcR Boa 8 Gapouerpuseckoil tpy6e (pic. 1.8). Pemenwe. AGcomotuoe aasmenne B Kone Rencatoper P= TAB — 600 = 148 wa pr. er. = 148-133,3 = 19700 Tay . 19700 a “Payor = 0,201 xeejen Bucoty croaGa oa 8 Gapomerpayeckoh tpy- Ge naitaem us ypasnemns: Poap =P + Hoe. Orxyaa a= 600. 133,3, pe 10009,81 = 816m, 8 (6 mpmeny 1.6), Pre. 5 (6 mpmepy 1.7) Tpumep 1.7. K any 10%. aM TopHsouTa.sbHOrO Tpy- Gonposoza npncoeanien U- OGpasitiit crekasninil an Qwanometp, sanomHeunth ptyrbio. Pastiocrb yponitei pryst Bp aubwaicomerpe h=26 wo. Kaxosa pas- HocTb AaBnewnit 8 STHX TowKax, ec 110 tpyGonpowoay npoxoaKt 2) Bona; 6) Bosayx npx 20°C H armocpepitom naBaennn? Pewexwne. Ms yeaosna paseveria zapaeuni xa yposne a— eaena in cnpasa (pic. 1.9) Pit inp Pe + aoe + hoe naxoamm, samenss f, epes (fy — A): Pi Po = HP —P Bs Tae 9 —nzomocrss mwagocru 6 tpyGonposore (iB mpneoemnunTenwEsx Tpye aX); Py — MAOTHOETS MONAKOETA B ANGMANOMETpE. Tlo ycaonmo sanaun h = 0,026 m, py = 13.600 Kr/s’, a) Lira som: = 1000 rept, 1 — bs = 0,026 (18 600 — 1000) 9,81 = 3220 Ta, 6) Has poanyxa: : Pi Ps = 0,026 (13 600 — 1,2) 9,81 = 0,026: 13600-9,81 = 3470 Tia. Hs nocaeauero pasenersa caeayer, ¥70 api naMepenun pasiocr AaBAeii 8 Tag0BHX NoTOKAX rMINKOCTINAMH sndypepenana.norLN MaHoMerpawn tionpaBKoll Ha MOTHOCTE rasa MORHO npete6ped, ‘Tak Kak mtoTHOcTe rasa (pH AABACKUAX, GmUaKHX K aTMoopepiloMy) OveH Masta 110 cpaBKeNHiO ¢ naoTHOCTLIO »NAKOCTH, Hpumtep 1.8. Kon0Kox moxporo ra soxpannumma (rasrommnepa) Jas aa0ra AnaMetpow 6 M BecHT © AoNomUTe NS bint Gannacrou 2900 Kre (pu. 1.10). TIpenesperas notepefi 8 sece norpy- 2xeHHO# B Bony NaeTH KoOKONA, oMpe- AeqMTs Ws6HTONHO® AABMeHHe rasa B Hanomeniow rasoxpannamute. Pewenwe. Faowab ropusow TaaBHofi MpoeKui KOTOKoma: 0,785.62 = 28,2 wt, Pre, 1.19 (4 mpwepy 1.8)Tasnenue 8 rasoxpannauuye: 2000-9,81, Pc0 = Ty = 1010 Ma, wa 0,01 xrefen?. Hipumep 1.9. Onpegemurs xunemaruveckii KosixbuntenT an3Ko- em aoxcuaa yrepoaa np f= 30°C 1 page = 5,28 Krejewt Pewenwe. HpeieGperan sanncumoctei aunaunueckoro Koxh- uunewta aasKocrH oT aaBelita, Haxomum mo rpabuKy (puc. VI) Jia anoxeusta yraepona npn 30°C: p= 0,015 ef = 0,018-10-" Mac. Onpenensem niaotiocts aMoKcKaa yruepona: 44.27305,28 EE BOS 1,08 Kunenarnuecki xospuuuent saskocti: Vom tp — 0,015-10°8/9,05 m= 1,68-10-* nt, Hpunep 1.10. Hpeanonaras oreyreraite skcnepusenranuitux xa- HOIX, BHIGHOMITE MPHOUAKCHHO ANHAMIYECK MAL KOSypHUNEHT BRaKOCTH nutposiensoza (C,HsNO,) np 20°C Pewexue, Bocnonssyeuca swipnseckof aapnicumoersio (1.10), Monbitan wacea ntpoGentsona 123 xr/Kmonb; rtorHoct 1200 Kr/s® (ra6x. IV). Burwcasen cysmy atoutix xouctant 3} An (ra6a. X)i Y An = 6.50,245.2,7 4 1.87 4 2.0,7 ATLL Buwunenaew cysay etpyktypubix nonpagox 3p ao nyaxran 1, 3, 4m 16 tan. Xi 9,05 r/m. By p= SH 15,5) + 1 (21,0) 4 (17,0) + 1 (16,4) = 100. Torna k= SY Ant Y pall. —100,9—310,2. Hance ellen) = Kopp —2.9 = 8102 IS — 2,9 — 0.126 To Homorpamme (pic. I) taxonim p = 2,15 cf] = 2,15-10-* Ta-c, swro copnanaet ¢ 5xchepuwentaabanimn AanHBME (pic. V). Hipumep 1.11, Onpenetute zmiamnseckil Koxpbiuuent BrsKOCTH ‘Tonownix razop, uueioulHx coctas: CO, — 16%, 0, — 5%, Na— 79% (a0 o6vewy). Temmepatypa ras0s 400°C, aaBnenme page = 1 Kre/ew?, Peime nme. [Ho womorpamne (pac. VI) axon antannsecktte Kosppinuentts: saskocti OTAeMbALX KonTonienToB meen. TIpxt 400 °Ct ico, = 0.085, Ho, = 0,089 Hy, = 0,0835 sifla-e, Pacser aunamnueckoro Koxppiunenta eaaKocT# cmec crenaem ‘no dopmyze (1.11): 0,16-44 | 0,05-32_ | _0,79.28 Mose Hose ras + oan + ~o,aaes = 99% j | Monbiiaa wacca cMecut Mes, = 0,16-44 + 0,05-82 + 0,79.28 = 30,8 xr/mmom. Aunamusecuih Koxpiunent sasKocrH cMecn: Hoye = 90,8/902 = 0,036 1Ta-c = 0034-10" Tla-e, Tpumep 1.12. Onpetenurs ninexarivecnit xoxpbuunent an3- KocTH aHAKOCTH, uMeiowell cocras: 70% (woa.) Kucmopoae 1 30% (woz.) azora mpi 84 K ut page = 1 xrc/ex? (~0,1 MMe) Pemenne, Cxnras, sto XWIKHe KHCTOPOA H az0T npHHaane- kat x KJlacey HOpMasbMLIX akuAKOCTEA, AUNHaNttvecKHi KoapxpuuUENT BaBKocTi eaecu mbtuitcauM no Popmy.re (1.14). Tp 84 K are akieaKOTO RucTopona p = 22,6-10-* Tao, a ans xiAKOTO a30Ta fly = 11,8X x 10 Tae. Torna Hg =i la + #a Ita = O67 eg (22,6: 10-4) + 0,3 1g (11,8: 10-8) = 6,2608, orkyza How = 18,6-10-* Tla-c. Maccopsie Oa KOMMOWeHTOR & exectt: - 0.1.32 5 08-28 an Tlaotxocrs *naKoro KHCAOpona p, = 1180 Kr/M, xHAKOTO asoTa 780 kr/w*, Thaotnocte emect no ypanienio (1:3): 1030 xr jn. Kuuewatuseckii Koadrpuunent saakocr exec Yeo = Heaent = 18,6: 10°8/1030 = 018-10 xe, Mpwep 1.13. Basucants xniamuseckii xosikpuntent Baaxocre cyecnenanit Gerisuaiuia ® poze, ecait B ait sarpysKeKo Ha 10 Mf wom Tt Gensuauna, Teunepatypa cycnewsnu 20°C, ornocurenbuan namoTHocTe TeepAOH ast 1,2. Pemenne, Odvew Tepito das: 6 __ 1000 . Y= = Teron = 0888 w O6vemnan Konuentpauua Teepgoi dasu B cycnensHH: e 8.685 OTT meta Tp 20°C auuaxmuecknit xoxdxpannent Ifa c, nam Tcl (rasa. V1). Funannsecxe cru cyenentsun no Gopmysre (1.15): He =H + 2,59) = 1 (1+ Ho popnyse (1.152): JABKOCTH BOM paBel Kosfpuuent BR3KO- 1519 ofl = 1,19+10" Marc. par 7128 oll = 1,28-10°3 Ma-e, Rete ye 2 Mancow K. @. w 50, 3Tipumep 1.14. Hsseetno, wr0 auniaunyeennit Kosi , aHeNT cm xtopGevsoa npH 20°C panen 0,9 cl, a npn 60 °C 0,6 cll. Haan, -syHCb MpaBi.AOM AnHeliwocTH, ANaMMYecKni KOSpDY : Koctit kaop6ens0na np 70°C. SORE ROOD EN CHT ane Ha cee e. B Kavecroe Staxouwiol sxuaKocrH posbMeM Boay. TestnepatypEt sTacionHoll aKUAKOCTH, MPH KOTOPEIX ee RHHA- Muvecksrt Koafspuunenrr vnakoctu Papen 0,9 10,6 elle Aas sone snnasicsecknit Koxppunuert onsKkoetH 0,9 cf coorser- croyer reuneparype 25 °C, a 0,6 cl] — texmeparype 45°C (ra6a. VI). Crenosarensito, Koucrata ypasienun (1.16) wale 50=20 80 Keo So, B= ahs Tlanee vaxoniia Tevmepatypy sons, mpi Koropofi ee antantie- cxnit Kostpuument BssKocta paper hh auuaMuvecKomy KosdxpHunent PaskocT# xaopGewsoaa mpu 70°C, us ypasuelma. ° omkyna Oy, = 58,4 °C, Tp sroh texmepatype naxomnu 2 = 58, Aas BORK Hs = 0,48 cI]. Cretonarenbuo, annamnseckitit Kosppunnent BasKo- cru Aaopsensora npu 70°C paven 0,48 cf. CaM AAA cpaBHeNus OGpatmMcn nemocpercrdenHo (puc. V), ro Hafizem p = 0,46 cI] = OG 10S Ta ° Howorpasine Apumep 1.15. Tunanuseckni Kostpnnent exsKoern wexoropolt seUAKOCTH cocTaBaAe Tipn $= MC 2... 0,854 Tae a b= BC TILL 2 oleae 2 f= BC ae > a r= BT LT ll ey Onpenea con PeHERIT ANNAMIeCKIT KOBDpUNHERT DsaKOENH STOR H:AKO- Petenwe. Bocnomsyeen npasnaos aueduocrs, Baan B KasleerBe craHnaptnod aMAKOCTH FauNepIH, 3abieHMocts amtnann. te Neckoro KozpbuuleHTa BasKOCTHE | Kuuumepuna oT TeMmepatypy prs f(®) nana ua puc. 1.11 (xpuban Ab), To sroli Kpuaoi maxonin 3 TeMmepatypa rauuepuna © J Mov teem 0854 Te... wee genes ogee BS 2 PS 3 emt lS o> Bao 3s Lill ee Tlocrpons sasucnmocts teunepa- TyPHL oKUUAKOCTU f OT TeMMeparypus 1 apnmepy 1.15), Tanuepiuia © npy oauHAKOBEIX sHaNeHAX BAsKOCTH, MOYRem npA- myio BI. lance waxonim, Kak NOKA3AHO MYHKTHOM, TO HeKoMIA Anvaaiveckui KosfipunuenT BaaKocTA %HAKOCTH pH t = 16°C, PaBHE TUNANMECKOMY KOSpbuNNeHTY BASKOCTH TaNMepBHA pH © S11, cocrasaser 3,46 Ta-c. Tipumep 1.16. TentooGmensux sroroaies 3 cranbisix rpy6 anamerpow 76 x 3 wat *, Tlo Tpy6am npoxoanr ra nog atmoctepuLin Jawrenien, Tpebyerca waittH neoGxominetit anamerp Tpy6 Mpu pabore cre %e Ta3OM, HO MOA AABTENHEM Pros = 5 KIC/CN?, ec TpebyeTeR CKOPOCTh FAIA COXPAHUTL mpexite Mp Tom 2%*e MaccoBoM pacKore asa w Tom ae wncTe TPY6. Pemenwe. Tox aannenses pyrg = 5 xre/ex® (~0,5 MMay AaoTHOCTh rasa 8 coorsercrBuu ¢ dopMyao! (1.5) Gyner B 6 pas Goabue, Yen pH aruocheptow naBnenHn. Tax KaK MaccoBssi pacxon rasa ¥p = ufo AOmKeH Shit coxpanten HeusenMsN, TO tym, -0,785d 9, = torn, -0,785d%p,, Moxcrasaaa wy = ws, = My, 2 = 6p, d, = 0,07 m, noay- wwaem: 0,077 = 6d3, orkyna ay == V UTE = 00286 m = 29 m0 Npumep 1.17. Onpexenurs pexum reves xuAKOCTH B MexktpyG- Hom Mpoctpatictse Tensi00Gaenkiika Tuna «rpy6a 8 TpyGe> (puc. 1.12) Mp CHeayiouwwx yeaoBHAX: BHYTPEHHAA Tpy6a TenToOOMeNnitKa meer anametp 25 X 2 mot, tapymuan 51 x 2,5 mo; maccooutt pacxoa wusKocrs 3730 xr/a, nroTHocTs aKuAKocTH 1150 KI/N®, ane amusecknit xoxppunient sasKocrH 1,210" Ta-c. Pewenuc. Ckopocte xuakocrit 43 ypasnenns packona: v 3730 owt ui “TT50-3600-0,785(0, 096 = O,0mERY = 9177 wie. Sxousancuruwi auamerp KombueBoro ceventus rio hopuyae (1.24): 4 _ AnD ay ty = tp = RO — Dd = 0,046 — 0,025 = 0.021 rae D —sayspennint avaserp sopyxvod tpy6ts, ad —napyaueil mnanerp Balyrpennel 7pYC, Auwasuveckui xoxpbuntent BasKocri KuaKocTH w= 1,2 X x 10° Tla-c. Kpurepult Peiiwonsaca: * Tlepuoe eno oGoauavser Pyxnus guamerp tpy6u, Bropoe — rommnuy Crenx Pc, 1.42 (4 mpunepy 1.17). 2Caerosarenbio, pexua typ6yzetriui. Mpnmep 1.18, “Haiith xpntuuecxy cxopocts 8 npaMof tpy6e mnanerpom 51 X 2,5 nmi a) alas Boaayxa npn 20 °C Page = 0,1 Milas 6) aaa nedranoro Macna, wneiowero p = 35 ulla-e n oruociTeab ny!o xoTHOcTs 0,963. Pemenne. Kpuruyeexas exopocrs 6yzer iuerh Mecto mpi Re,» = 2300; cnenopatenbio, 43 ypanienun (1.21) gy = np = a) Than soonyxa: yg, = 2300-04018. 10-2 0 OT rae 0,018 — rmpanneext xoxbuuvewr BaaKOCKH,Bosayxa npw 20°C (no pue. VD, bop" 75 w/e, aila-c; 1,2 xr/a® — naorsocts Bosayxa mpm 20°C # Page = 0,1 MMla nc whee: 13 ean xa tp Poo 6) Has nepranoro waena: gp = 2095-10-95 ye, 0095-5 Mpunep 1.19. Ha tpyGonponoze e anyrpenunw anamerpos 200 st neeren nnasitish nepexon ia anauerp 100 wu (pie. 113) To tpy6o. npovoay nosaetes 1700 w/a (npn dopanuitsix yenosiiax) Merasa np 30°C. Orxparrisit 8 atmochepy U-o6paausilt vonsnof wanowerp, yctanonieHHbti #2 uMpoxol acta TpyGonpovora nepen cy>KerneM, HoKashinaer usGuiTONHIOe abAeHMe —® —TpyGonpouode, —paeHoe 40 wm nog. er. Kakowo 6ynet noKasaime TaKoro ake MaHloMeTpa Ha Y3Koit vacrit TpyGonposona? Conporunxeniawn npencépeas. ATWO ‘Apeptioe jawtenne 760 mm pr. cr. Pewenne. Cantas mpndmrkenio naornocrs meratia a yva erKe TpYGoNPOBONA MeRKAY TOUKAMH npHcoeAMHERNA MaHoMeTpOB noctonitioit (ro nposepum B Kottue Pacsera), cocTABAReM ypaBHenne Bepuysiat: ar wecausiaemof asuakocrn: uy ah a fe eg +e? orkyaa waxonHMe Pram Onpenensen exopoctn meraita s cevenax fn 11, npnuuwas, vT0 aawtene 8 TpyGonposone mpuGansH~ TeXdKO paoiaeTes atmocipepHOMy: 1700-303 = “SEDO STS. OTRO a 18s7 wee To ypannentio (1.20) 200 T00 senor di mins (SEY a6 ws Pcs 1418 (4 mpumepy 1.18), Buraneaaew naorioers meraitat MTs 16-278 64s un P= aT ~ Ba-30s 0,645 ure Haxom paauoers xasaenntt: pin = SDE, = OE IBMIOGS A as, wan 1354/9,81 = 138 mM Bog. cT., orkyaa Pa = P,— 138 = 40 — 138 = —98 vor Boa. cT., rt. c. qanienne 8 couenun 1/ 6yzer wenbune, vex 8 J, Ha 138 Mat 803. CT.» H waniowerp 8 cewenian [7 Gyner moKasuBars BaKyyM, —pasuisit 98 mm nos. cr. (961 Ta). AGcomoriioe napaenne ® cegennt 10830 4 40 = 10370 ww sox cr. = 1,097 wrefx? = 0,1017 Blas B cesenmn I 10330 —98 — 10232 wa sox, ct, = 1,023 xre/en* == 0,1003 Aa. TIpmanmas npn auranenennn ckopoctel m naoTHocrH weraita noctontieTso naB.ieka B TpyGONPOBOIE, ass AONYCTHAN NOTpeWHOCTD, ke mpensiuaiouy'o 4,037 — 1,028 AOS 100 = 1.4% Mpumep 1.20. Ha pnc. 1.14 ns06pamen Tax wasbeaemil cocya Mapuorta, npexcrasatiounit co6or saxpsrruii pesepByap, 19 KOTO poro KHAKOCTL Mower BuTeKAT Hepes TpyOKY A. TpyOKa B BBepxy Srepsra B armocepy. [pu BureKaitnn iio tpyOKe A auaKocTH 3 pesepoyapa B ero Bepxueli act OBpasyeren BaKYYM, mpnem vepes TpyGxy 5 sacacuipaercs atmocpepHsil Bosayx. Bearenersne storo b pesepayape tia yposue H uax tpyGkoh A aasnenue Bceraa Oyaer DabHo arMocheprowy, HESABHcHNO OF KOMAYeCTBa >KNAKOCTH B pe- Sepoyape, H ncrevene %kRaKoCTH CyaeT NpOHEXOANTE. HO NOCTORIHEM hanopom 0 Tex mop, ToKa yporelts ee ne onyeruren wnKe MH. To yxasanmun na pie. 1.14 paawepam (© maw) onpezeants ckopocrs Texe- Mma Bogs H BpeMa, 34 KOTOpOe ypo- Bente ee cinanres of a¥ambitoro (1400 mm) 20 Beananner H = 300 wm. Koabdnunent exopocra @ = 0,82. Kosppnnuert — cakatna —erpyi e=l Pemenne. Mo dopmyze (1.28) mpm py =p wo 2gHl = 0,82V FAO, 1,98 w/e. (« panepy 20,Ostem sonst, Kotopsi pirreuer Hs cocyza NH cHHMeNHA ypoBA or 1400 10 300 si, Goctaaser: * V = 0,785.0,8% (1,4—0,3) 559 a8, Bpema nereverna. + 0,558, “GTHG-0,OBEF-T, Ge = 959 0! 9.5 wm, Mpumep 1.21. Lnanuapaeckni 6ax ananerpom 1 Mm nanonnen Bowof Ha Bricoty 2m. Orneperie 24a HeTeveHHA B qHe Heer aNaMeTp 3 cu. Onpeneants npeua, HCOGXONHMOe AM OnOpowHenHA Baka, Pewexne. Bocnomsayencs opuyaoi (1.31): VA t= Tae | — mnouiars cevenun cocyaa, %; fg — azowaa oTvepcua, wt; WH — wavense tan mucora ypobu, wt cr — woxpcpuuiegr packaw (aaW OFvepetan & wesaKpyrnes: sunan KpAsalH Nom upaumte 2 061) Hoerasaaa sanannere nemuuiust » dpopyyay, Haxonnt pn 200.785. VE 0,61:0,785.0,08 Ear SPC 20mm, Mpumep 1.22. To ropusoxransuony raxpanmmyeckn raanKomy TpyGonpopony ¢ akYrpexitint AuameTpoM 152 MM NpoteKaer nona npit Teumeparype 20°C co cpentel cxopocrbio 1,3 w/c. B tpyGonposoxe Ycratooteva Hopwanuuan anabparma, aKaMerp otbepeTiin KOTOpOA Paver 83,5 wa. Onpexemits nokasaune prytuor siwanonerpa Anadparwis (cm. puc, 1.3). Pemexwe. Pacxon Bonu: V = uf = 1,9-0,785-0,152* = 0,0258 w/e, Kpureput Pelinonsaca: Rem 2k 2B ¥ — anenatneecen Konpbuumenr Broxcern wom mp 20°C (ra6a. XXXIX), Onpexensen Komppiunert pacxosa muabparsis @, Kotopiti 33° Bucur or wemusmust Kpwrepna Re m or sitaueunn m= (ald)? = (83,5/152)* 0,3. To taGa. XV axon ce 2 0,686. Hexons na qopuyas (1.32) npniuas k= 1, noayaaen: VE vo 00246 Vw ine “o.78b-0,0nag V/ 2.0,01 15000 = 1000 cin V % <2 0,030.0,785-0,0595 / 2.9,s1 3900 100, = 0482, oreyxa Hl = 0,188 = 198 wn pumep 1.23. Tlokasaime noxaoro anpvanioverpa 1py6xnt Thro — Mania (ew. pric. 1.4), yeranoamention no oem ropisoir 3 tanbuoro sosayxonposona, cocrasaset 13 mx. Onpexeant» packoa Posy Xa, ean tesmepatypa ero 40 °C, mramerp tpyGonposona 159% x 6 uv, a nepex TPy6KoH MMeeTes MpAMOM y4acToK aMuHOR 7 M. Flawnenue nosnyxa atmocepnoe. 7 Pemeune. [nornocts posayxa npm 40 ‘Ci p= 1,298 (273/813) = 1,13 xr/x®, Maxcuntaabiaa (oceaaa) cKopoct Bosnyxa onpegewierca HS BL parkennia: euane © V FPeado = V EIST TITS = 15,07 wre, Seok cKopoctn coorsercrByeT sitavenue Kputepua Pefinonbuca ZLmwa npaworo yaactka craSusisanun noToKa 20 Tpy6KN Tito — Tipanaraa goaKua Our He Meniee 40 anamerpos: 40-0,147 = 5,9 v Bro yenonue cobsOLeHo, Tak Kak HMeeTCA NPAMOM yuacToK Tpy6o- nposoaa npotamennocrbio 7 m Tlo pac. 1.2 119 Re = 132 000 orno- ImleHite cPeXHef CKOPOCTHE K MAKCUMAMBHOA w/waxe A 0,85. Cpenias eKopocta: w= 0,85-15,07 = 12,8 w/e. Pacxog Bosayxat V =0,785.0,147%. 12,8 = 0,217 wife = 780 w/a Tipnaep 1.24, Ibnonse rast its newwoh yeraxosks, pacnono- xxeuttioh B Jlewmirpaxe, orBoxsTea sepes asimosyto TpyOy BiscoTofl 19. Cocras rasop: | CO, — 12,7%, O;— 4.9%, Nz — 77.5%, H,O — 4,9% (no oGnemy). Haowans monepessoro cevenis xuiMosort ‘pyOui pabiia NToMaAK MOMepesMoro ceveHAR FOpHsONTAABHOTO TasO- xola. Cpeaiaa Temmepatypa Tasos B rasoxoae u auMonoit tpy6e 250°C. Halirn cxopocrh rasop, ecm cymoia Komppinuentos conpo- TuBreHAn rasoxoxa H auMOBOR TpyGsiz Ley Dall 4 ye ste 4 tall 4 ye 273, rae hy hy — noopobumueses tpennim, Ly — muna rasoxoaes dp — seBunasentiah sate andi a et Pe—cywwa woopfmunewtos wecrinsx conpotusrenh. Pewenne, TMuoruicers rasa npn vopwaabusix yenosnax: Mt 1 ‘, 00 BEET BET HOI 4. 32-0,049 ~ 28:0,775 + 18-0, 010) om 1,328 arn, Hacraocrs rasa npn 250 °C: 273 1828 apg apy = 04698 m/s 39B serix yeaosuax cpeaiiaa tewneparypa soogyxa 8 Jlenneirpane 17,5 °C (na6n: XL). Mnornocts nosayxa npn stoi rewneparyper 273 Pe 8 Sa To ypasueumo Bepuyaan (npn naockocrn orcuera, nponereutiolt Wa yposke rasoxona): = 1,216 arise, Paap + = Daye + POP pall + Boao, Ae Poaye — S€POMETPHNeCKEE RARMEMNE HB. ypODHE TopwoouTeaBHCro Fes0xCRES Peayr ~ Sapowerpwecce manaeune y Repsuer KpOH LUNOBOH TpySks @ — exe, pocis cosa; H — sucora auuonol toy; Apnen— cynapiie HOTepH XiEze%ae (eyrapnoe coupotiiive Tenoxond h SuncwOh apy. B eso sacri ypaouewin Bepuyaan paccmarpusaeres cevenne, Mposeneviioe vepes’ wavaro Tanoxoxa, 0 ipanoll —epes bepxink Kah xuMouoh Tpy6u Baponerpieckoe jas.teunie a yposie ropusowranesoro ras0- xona: Pony: = Poagt + Pg Tloncrasasent sto anaveune © ypasuenue Bepuyamn » noaysaen ‘Puon = (Pa — Png. Conporusteune rasoxona n aumovon tpy6ut: oson = (Att 4 AH 4 yg) ft _ 9g bast Cregosaternno, 27,3 2 = (o, — ong. Tloneravase sneaennue siasena: 273-258. 4 216—0,689 981.18 Oreiona Haxonmm cKopocrs rasa u rasoxone H mumoBoi Tpy6e B neTHHX yoroBHAX: w=3.2ue. AuarorMYHO Mower Gut noRcHHTaHa cKopocTD rasa 8 snMEHX yenoonax (1a Jlewnunpana cpentan texnepatypa —7,7 °C). B sive nx yenoniinx w = 3,5 wie. Hpumep 1.25. Onpexeanrs notepo aapnenna tia tpenne 8 amee- Bike (puc. 1.15), no kotopoMy npoxonnt Bona co cxopoctiwo | Mie Sweesnk cnenai 3 GuiBuleh B ynoTpeGxeunn cranbHol tpyOu a. Metpom 43 X 2,5 wm. JIvamerp onrka aweesnka 1 a. Uneao onr~ xoe 10. Cpenwsn tewnieparypa poms 30 °C. Pewee. Torepwo xannenna Ha Tpeume HaxonM mo dopmy-re (1.36) aaa npamoli tpy6ei, @ Satem Beoanm slonpaBounuai Kosdepi- 0 Pues 1.15 (4 monweny 1.25). uneur naa smeesuka mo opmyzte (1.46). Tipex- BapHtembHo onpenenaem pexnam Teuenun. In HaMuecknit KosxpiIUIeNT BABKOCTH Bob MPH 30°C pasen 0,8 slla-c (ra6a. V1). Kpurepnit Peiiwonpaca: ap __1-0,038-1000 Re= 7. =r xa uenpuorauytoi craxpiofl tpy6u c weshauimenssioh Kopposiell | ¢ o2 ow (6a. XII), Torna orwomesne dye = 36/0, ot rpapuxy (pre. 1.5) mp Re = 47500 » dle = 190 naxognm & = 0,0316. Tipn6mmxento aanna sweesnka pasa: La xDr =3,14-1-10 = 31,4 Tloteps wanopa wa apeogowenue Tpexna 8 npawok rpyGe: oot B14 1000-45 100 rp L pay = hE om 0.0816 Tlo gopuy:te (1.46) Haxonnn nonpasouuesh Kosgppmuutenr: 0,038 1. vert Cregonatenbiio, min sMeesnKa: 40m = 13 100: 1,194 = 14.800 Tle Mpumep 1.26. 30 t/x uutpoGentso2a apx 20°C nepeKasnsatoten nacoco H3 GaKa ¢ aTMocbepubin AaBAeHHeM B peaKTop, Me NOR neprxnbaerea us6siTouHOe aaBTenne 0,01 Mla (pie. 1.16). Tpy6o- Mpozog sutlomkex us crasibHBIX TpyG AMaMeTpoM 89 x 4 MMC He atiaunrembHof xopposnell. Imus ncero tpyGonponoaa, Bkaiovas mectubie conpornareana, 45 m. Ha tpy6onposone ycranopsenui: anapparwa (dj =51,3 mut), ABE SAABIDKKH H NeTEIPE OTBONA NON YETOM 90° © paanycom narn6a 160 wa. Ber cora noxbena xnaKocTHt 15M. Hai TH MouHocTs, MOTpeGaseMyio Ka- cocom, mpitiins OGutHit K. m,n. eTO pasunin 0,65. Pemeane, Maccontii pac: xox HiTpoGeHs0ma: -M = 30.000/9600 = 8,94 xr/e. Obvemmii pacxon: £8,34/1200 = 0,00695 me, thy? — njordocts. wurpo- Gexsoxa (taba. IV). et Ot = 1+ 3,58 510 Mat oR. cr, Puc, 1410 (4 npumepy 1.20) 41Cxopoers uutpoensonas 0,00695 : = eR = 185 we Kpurepnfi Peftuospaca: = 40 __1,35-0,081- 1200 Ren SP 62500, Pe — AaNueccKnh KospuuuenT ssaKoeTy muMpoBensana (pic. V). Onpeaeasen Koaiyputmest pens. Tlo 1262, X11 mepoxonarocrb ctambupix Tpy6 ¢ nesiiawireasnof Kopposieli e = 0,2 sma. To pic. 1.5 nas dle = 0,081/0,0002 = 405 u Re = 62 500 uaxonua 2 = 0,0257. Kosp)muuents! secriix conporionemnii, aaarae u3 Ta6n. XIII, enoaua B Ta6mnuKy: ee ag conperwenennn = ee Se xox nanoers vo 6aca» reyConponos p36 oe pen 05, Buagparssa [mi — 61,3/81)¢ = 0,4) 8.25 Sanna (t= 0.5) 2-0,5= 10 Orvon (rp 9 = 90 u Ryd = 160r81 m2): AB=1-0,15 = 0,15 40,15 = 06 10,35 Ocuee mapananieckoe conporuszenne tpyGonponoxa (ceTH) 10 ypapnienno (1.49): Tae? a= FE (14 2E 4 20) thea + Aran BOONE (1 4 2.0057 45 +1035) + 1200.9,81-15 4 +.0,1-9,81-10' = 215 000 Ta. Tlorpe6.asemas nacocom momstocrl, no ypanresito (1.33): y= YAP 0,00095.215 00 Touom ~~ 1000 = 2,9 «Br, Mpumep 1.27. Boszyx ¢ tewnieparypofi 50°C nonaerca seurian- TOPOM B yCraHOBKY, re NMeetes 136brTONNICe AaBaeHIe 35 NM BOA. cr. ‘Tpydonposo, Buntoanen us crambusIx rpy6 yNaMerpom 102 X 6 xm € HesHaumrensHoit Kopposiel. JLaunia acero tpySonponoga, exmosaH mecrabie conpotuezenia, 70M. Ha tpy6onponore yeranonmentt anagparna (dy = 49,3 Mio), ABE SaNBMAKU H versIpe oTBORa OR yrnow 90° ¢ paanycom usri6a 300 wx. Snextposwurarens Bernas: Topa norpeGaser Momuocra 1,35 KBr; K. 1. a, saeKrpoasurarena a n, = 0,95. Tloxasanne soxstioro andwanoverpa, mprtcoeneRHoro K anadparme, 400 wat, Onpexenut K. Hl. 2. BeMTHARTopa. Pemenne. [laornocrs nosayxa mpi 50°C: = py (Ta/T) = 1,298 (278/328) = 1,09 ar, Kosdpunnenr pacxoga auabparusr onpesensen no ta6a, XV. Tipu m = (49,3/90)" = 0,3 npwnnMaem cpextiee sitayene a = 0,64. Pacxon noaayxa flo opwyate (1.32) np k = 1 (ra6a, XVI): V = cho V Ball Wu = byl = 0,64-0,785-0,0499" V E-FBI-OA (OBS — 1,00)71, 0) = 108 we. Cxopocrs sosayxa 8 rpyGonposoret v 0,103, = = 16,2 mee. Kpurepuit Petuonpaca, onpexcasemst mo xnawerpy tpySonpo- 09-1,09 O.9195.10* Abmaunuecknit xoxdypuinuenr nsskocri sosayxa jt = 0,0196 x x 10° Tla-c onperenen no pric. VI Tposepsem npaxstoe sxavenie a, To ra6a. XV ana m = 0,3 uw Re = 81000 Haxoamm a = 0,637, sro npaktueckit cosnanaet € npwusTpis sHaveHnen. 81 000. Onpenennen xoxdpanaenr tperma. To ta6a. XIT epeanan wepo- xopatoctb craabitax TpyG ¢ HesHaynTerbtiof Kopposuell € = 0,2 Ma. Tio pue, 1.5 21a dle = 90/0,2 = 480 m Re = 81 000 waxogun A = we 0,025. Koappiuuienrst Mecrinix conpornpxenuit, nasrie ws Ta6a. XII, caogim n tabauUKy xox vonxyxau ryGonpovox tpy6ae axpyraeumnan xpos) Biatperaa (r= 6,5 Seams Cn Od 200100 58) 10 Oe RN Fo Ot % ose i392 0 Obmee ragpanmnseckoe conpormnnenne Tpysonposona (cer): apa OE (14 Ae ent) + arson = LOH. 18 (y 4 002570 “25.941 = 0M, 25.0 29) %.35.961 ~ 18017 (& mpnmcpy 1.28). K. na, senrasropar ¥ ap 0,103.6080 Mors = T9G0n ST = TO00058-135 0,48, Fipamep 1,28, dKunkoers, uneto- maa nnoruocts 1900 sr/a® i aaa MusecKii Kosfypitanext naakoctH 2 wllave, us Gaka ¢ mocrosnnia ypopie / caotexom nocrynaer B Peaxrop 2 (pic. 1.17). Onpene- AMT, KaKOe MaKcHMansttoe KoaMecTRO xxiAKOCTH (MPH MoALOCTHIO OTKpsITOM Kpaxe) Moxer noctynats u2 Gaka & peaxtop, Yposeny 2ANAKOCTH B Oake HaXoaHtTes Ha '6 M BbiUIe BBOIA ZKAAKOCTH B PeakTop. TpyGonponox ssinoaues Hs aaoMuAMenEIx TPy ¢ BMyTPERMUN ana: ueTpom 50 mat. OGuwar sruHa Tpyonponoja, pKaovaR MecTHBIe conporimsena, 16,4 m, Ha tpyGonponoxe uneiorca tp KoweHa W kpan. B 6axe n peakrope aanacuite atwocpepzoe ewenne. Hannwem ypannenne Bepuyanu gna ycranopna- Weroes noroKa xuAKOCTH, BBA Nepnoe ceveHTe NO YpoBHIO MHAKOCTH B Cake, a Bropoe — no Koy TpyGonponoAa Ha BUxORe noTOKA B peaxtopt Pt at +g Tak KaK py = Py H wy < wy, 10 wo none Eh thee 2e OTHOCHTEABHON UlepOxXOBATOCTEIO ereHOK, KAKA Osa _MpH onssrax, Tax “Kaw akenepnwenranpinie — 45;—s—g5 —g—a, mawasie ykaaaspaiorea na oany snigne-35 npamyio (pne, 1.19), to woxHo cuurars, ro orwocHTénsian wepoxosarocrs crenok ed B onbTax c Nerprsio it ¢ Bool; Oxia MpHMepno osstHaKoBoll. Sry ortocuTeabHy!o WePOXOBATOCTS MOxHO HaittH, ecam Ha Tp: ux (pue. 1.5 mam 1.6) hanects skenepnventanbitie naRHeie i Ta6a. 1.3 1 1.4, npegcrasie ux 8 pune 2 = f (Re) nan Ewt = f (Re). Hpumep 1.31. Tas sxénepawenransnoro usyyenus B aaGopatop- Mux Yos1oDUAX HeKoTOporo MpoMsnogerseRHoro Mpoxécca NsToTOD- JeHla reoerpnieckan Moen MpoMsiuutentoro annapata 8 NacluTabe 1:10. B mponspogersenmom annapare paGovee neulecrso — ropa: ‘wit Boaayx (100 °C, armocgepioe xapaenne), asnmyauificn co cKO. poctsio 3 we. B saGoparopHol moxean npennoaaraeres npuwenits B KawectBe paovero wemlectea BoSRYX aTuocepHoro AABAeHHA ¢ TEN epatypoti 22 °C. Boswonaio an mpi stax yonosnsx noayuirs nonkoe rHxpomiia- Auiveckoe nozoGne MpowbiudenKOrO aninapara n MojeIl, HKaKOoa AOTKHA Guts cKOpocrs BOIAYXA B MOLeAN? Pewenne, Lna co6aogenns rigpoansamneckoro noxo6us HeoGxommMo pH noxoGHix TpARNYHBIX yenoBEAX paBeHCTBO KPH Tepken Peittionsaca x Opyaa (xpnrepii Siisepa v zaHtiom caywae He nbaseten onperensioww) B MoxenH H B HpoHsBOACTEeHHOM anna pare, T.e, poamKHo GuTb: yalgar2 a a Fr, o B smix ypasnennax mugeke sl» ortocuren x mpowsiuinenuomy annapaty, iiigeke Qe — x Morea, 0Hweem: m= 3 mies = 0.1L pt = 1,288 (278/878) = 0,945 xrsnty eg = 1,299 (273/295) = 1,19 ards y= 040215 alec} pp = 0,0185 uta 2, Tloscranasa sti saves 8 ypasnenne (a), Haxonun 3 0,945,0,0215 — wy-0, 14> 1,19/0,0185, orkyaa 3.0,985.0,0185 = OT-0,0815- 1,19 Toacranonxka » ypannenue (6) 1a 34h = wH/0,11)), = 20,5 w/o. orkyga m= V OS = 0,945 use. Tloaysewubie pesyabrarit nokastupaior, sro coGaiomenue nomHoro Tuaponinawnseckoro noA0GHs, T. e. OAHOBpeMeHHOTO NOTOGHH cit pei u eu TwDKeCTH, B MoeAH HB APoMUUIAeHHOM annapaTe Hpi ganatiieex yenoRuAx HevosmoxxHo. Upiyetes orpauynrscs mpiGan- >keHHUM MoxemUPpoBaHTHeM Npolecea, Kak 9T0 B GomsumucTDe caysae8 Ha MpaktHKe ¥ fleMaeres, 7. €. OTpaliuutTRCA coBnIOeHHeM TOMBKO oaHoro yenosus (ai6o Re lem, Go Fr = idem) 8 aapucumoctn Gr Toro, KaKoe H3 STHX YCTOBH ABARETCA Gonee cyulecTBeHHLM. Eco, Nanpuep, B HaWeM caysae Gombinee SHaNeNHe HMeIOT CHIN TpeHHA, tr. e. Kputepuii Re, ro ckopocts Bosayxa & MojleMH JomKHA GHTb panta 20,5 w/c. Buscuu™, np Kakux yexonuax BosMoxXHo Nonyveltite oAKoBpe- Meoro NoXOOUN cin Tpensl H CHAT TAXECTH B MOREMH Ht B MpOMEstL aentiom antiapare. Hs yenosua Re = idem, 1. ¢. wyhsvy = woly/vy, re v — Kune MarudecKHi Koxppiument BASKOCTH. cmeAyeT, 470 t/t, = vsle/(vald) Ms yenosua Fr = idem, 7. €. wi/(gh) = wi/(gl), waxonmu: ely 06a yenouns (Re = idem n Fr «= idem) Gyayr co6mtonenus, ecaan valal veh Vly Tlocaeanee pasencrno aupaxkaer rpeGyeMoe yenoaxe omHospes MeHHioro MoLOOHs clu TpeHUR MCHA THxeCTH. Tipumep 1.32. Hafirn auametp tpyGonposoza aaa tpaucnoprnpo- Baitist Boaopoaa pH Maccovom pacxoze ero 120 Kr/s. Hanna Tpy6o- nponora 1000 mw. Jlonycxaenoe agente gannenin Ap = 110 mat pox. cr. (1080 Ta) Cizoriocts Boxopoaa 0,0825. Kr/x°. Koxppinnett tpens 2 = 0,03. 0 Cally, tee ie Pewed we. B aaunawx waricrpanbinx rasonpoBoxax xanne- ae pacxoayerca ritaneist OOpasom Ha TpeoaosteHie pens, NosToNy npupasuupaem sanatuyio norepio aabnenna Ap = Apr. Tak Kak cKopOcts oroKa — seausTima HeyspectHan, TO BuIpASHM ce yepes oGsemtsit pacxon V mt nexowsifi aManerp tpy6onpososa, a sarem noxerasim 8 ypasnienne (1.36): v OCT Torna Vip a TO 78a * Peuian 910 ypabtenne orvioctiensio snawterpa, noay¥aex: p= me C = V/Gyigrgs B vamew cayaae i / 03 e Vet = 048. Ceicynauntli oGtemmutl pacxoa Boxopoaa: 120 » Vm gpa aaa = 005 whe Tak Kak Ap = 110-9,81 = 1080 [a, to °/ TORSO AOF-1000 am 0.48 Y/ LET IE TO 0 y, Tipumep 1.33. Onpeaenits nauiaauuoe annette rasa, goctaros Hoe aia nepelaus ero ro TpyGonponoay Ha pacerosuite 100 Kat, np ereaylouux yenosiax: packon rasa 5000 Kr/4, maotHocTs rasa 0,65 xer/s® (npit Hopsiansnux yenoBnax), cpeauna Teweparypa rasa 18°C, Huamerp TpyGonposoaa 0,3 4, Kosppiunent tpextia i 0,0253. Jaszemie rasa up stixode Hs TpyGompovora xom%KuI0 Guts Pace = 1,5 xre/ew? (~0,15 Mla). Pewexwe. Kak p mpeauayaen npnwepe, curaent, eto Rapsente 8 TpyGonposoxe pacxoayercs miu wa _npeoronenite penis. B caydae AaabHux rasonposonos opmyay (1.36) axa onpe- AeNeNHA MoTepH AaBLeHUS Ha TpeHMe cnexyer NpUNEHATL, HexoMA Na -andypepemumampioro BKipaxenis, Tax KAK NAOTHOCTE H cKOpOCTb Fasano Amuse TpyGonposoza mexmtoren *: a wp tp = 4 SO a, * Snax wimiye nocranzew rovomy, 470 € soapacranmen anus tpyGonpovoza avrenue 8 we nanzer, " anus TeyGonpovoxe 51Tae Nepemennble nACTHOCTS P H cKOPocrs w — dyHKuNM aaBnEHNS Taga, Magaiowero 10 mepe nponsiakexna ero 10 TpyGonposoay. Onniaxo npoussesente wp, 7. e. macconan cKopocts noToKa, ocraeTcs nO aanHe TpyGonposona ‘NocromHiiN. Buipaana p uw vepes coorgercrayiome xapaKrepucTHKH raga Tipu HOPMaABHBIX yenOBNAX oT eae on, P= Par H nogeraBHMt Hx B ypaBuenNe 21m noTepH naBnedKsI i. _opTe wiptT® aa TT Tipunusan tewneparypy T nocroautoi no axnue Tpy6onposona, cvenelt Bce Moctosmne Beaman * B OOuNH Kosdpuunentt ap = = Lote, c= ‘2aT 5 Torna nip = Cab, Hurerpupys 90 ypapwexne B coorsercreyioumx npemenax ‘ont — Prac fa, ony ex 1 he, —Aan) = HO Fag Pay 2b B yenopuax sagan eKopocrs rasa npn 0°C u 760 mw pr. crs coctananer: 15000 <0 65.5000.0,785.0,8 30 mie. Caexonarensno, 9,0253-0,65,30°-101 100.291 = 0,3: 273, Tloxcrasum samanune u Halizentine semuyntst 8 MoayNeHHoe ypapwertue: ping — (14,7-10' = 2-266-10'- 10° Orciona waxonins, To navamibiioe AapAeniie raga B CeTH AOAMKHO Geir: Prag = 71-108 Ta, wu 7,3 ercfea?, c = 266-108, Hpumep 1.54. Onpereanrs sxonomuecknt nanetironneriumit aa Menp TpyGonposoga Aas tpancnoptuposkn 6000 m'/a (canran npn 0 °C W760 MM pr. et.) merana na pacctonue 4 xx. Kom. a. Hae TeTateaa c sc1eKtpoqanraresiem 0,5. Crousocts sxeKtpostiepri 4 Kom, * Koogipuauenr penua A ABxaeTeR noctommuun no suuKue 1pyGonpozaaa ‘Tax xe, KaK MC KpuTepult Re, RocKaabRY wp = egy — const 82 22 1 KBr-4, Crommocts amoprisauim tpyGonposoaa 24 py6, 8 rox wa | Madu m1 anamerpa. Crommocrh pemowra (sxcnayarauuu) TPygonporona 1,8 py. ® roa wa I a Aawnol it Iw aawerpa. emenwe. [psmes opnerruposouto, aro Kosbpuiunent Tpe- ng % = 0,03 n aro notepH Ha MecTuBe conporHEseHts cocramamoT 10% or noreps a tpenue, Crenaem paciet Jia yeosnoi rewnepatypsi 30°C, npumnmas (€ nocaeaytoweit nposepxol), 470 ageutte gaBneHua B TpyGoupoBoTe HeBeaHKO H CPeaHee slaBseHNE NPUGMOKEHHO MORHO CHHTATH paBitbiNt atwoopeptiomy. OGzemmnii pacxoa metana: 00:3 y Y= —spn9-arE — HES we Torna v 185 _ 236 fe, Trea = Oe a TipexeSperan sarparofi gases na cosjauite eKopoer, moay- waew no opuyae (1.34) ama ropnsonransioro rasonpoBona mpi Pron AD = NPap + Paso Lil Apap Ape IetiLetp _ 1,1-0,03:4000:2,368.0,64 235 Pe EE age Tae norHoct’ Merana B coorsercrein ¢ npinarsm aonymenen nogcunraem pacxoaye- Ayo warHerarenem wouioers pu Ap <0,1 Kre/ew® no. opuyae (1.33): Wap _ 1.85285 0,87 "= To60m = “00-9,5a" =~ *B 1 xBr-ron cronr 0,04-24-330 = 316 py6., npuitmnan 330 paGowx aneil_ 8 rony. Takum O6pasom, rozobam cronMocr smexrposneprum B sasncH- Mocrit or aHamerpa TpyGonpoBO.La MOMeT GLITS BuIpareHa dopmyaoit 3 = 0,87-316/d® == 275/d° py6. roa. TlogoGusim >xe o6pazom BuIpasiM TonoByIo crommocrs amopTHaa- uuu TpyGompoBoxa A= 2ALd = 2,4.4000d — 9600d py6. rox. 4M peXonra (aKenayaranim) ero: P == 1,8Ld = 72004 py6. rox.Cymapnas roaoran cromvocrs Kak dynkuiin aasterpa Bupa sires ypapiiensient: SA +P = (275/a°) + 16 800d py6.jroa, Alas oruckamin smunywa Gepex nporsvoanyto » npnpasmnaes ee yao: ZO tas Pm —s.2750- + 16800 m0, Bropaa mpoussonuaa nonoxurenbita Hs nocnezwero ypapnenis axon: d = 0,08 m, Stow Gyner SKOHOMHUeCKH RaNBEoRHeliumil iaveTp rasonporoaa Tiposepum seauuiny Ap w rpyGonposoxe aiamerpox 0,66 xi Ap = 235/d° = 235/0,60% = 1890 Ta, au 0,0199 xrejen*, Te. menpwne O,] kre/en®, KaK 1 GeO mpittinto BuMTe. Tipumep 1.35. Mpu tennoso% pacuere renaoo6wewmnKa aaa ta TpeBa HeKoToporo pactwopa Oust BbiGpAH No KaTanory weripexxo AoBo!t KOrKYXorpyOuaTEKh TenAOOOMeRKUK (pc. 1.20), B KoTOpOM Pacteop npoxonHit no TpYSHOMy Npoctpanicrsy co ckopocTbI0 0,3 ule. Onpeneauts ruapasaneckoe conpotusaexue tpyGiore npoctpancrBa, Xapakrepucrnxa TenaoomennuKa: oGuiee sco tpy6 40, rpy6ut crambiiie anaverpom 38X2 mmc neamaurrembioli Kopposieli, Bue core tpy6Htoro npoctpaxcrsa 2M, uryueps Aaa pactbopa HMeIoT auanerp 159X4,5 mw. Cpemiss 'reunepatypa pacrsopa 47,5 °C, Auranuectonh osppuntent wyaKocra 0,83 aTla-e, naomioens 1100 r/vt. Pewenue. Kpurepui Pefimonsace 2a pacrsopat EE DSO HOO 13500, TORI B srom npnwepe tpeGyercs onpeaeairs norepio zapmenin aaa Heusovepanueckoro Typ6yzeHTHoro MloroKa. Ho mockomsKy 3necb Mir IMEEM HarpeBaiomitiies NoToK KanenbHOll yMAKOCTH, TO NpHEAM XxeNNO paccuiITHBAeM ruapaBaNYecKOe conporieaeNKe Kak Aa noToka HMSoTepAMYecKOTO, enax pH 9TOM oum6xy B cTopony npeysemuienua norepi Efe panaerinn % 2 netopony ssnaca, da pactera t j t Re= puaensem qopmyay (1-54). Onpereasen: norepio jassienis: 1a npeonone- ne tpenna » tpy6ax. Tlo raGa. XII aaa cranpibtx Tpy6 ¢ neana- anteaeHoit Kopposuel uiepoxosarocts ¢ = a + 7 = 0,2 aw. Tipit stom dle = 34/0,2 = 170. To pie.” 1.5 aaa Re = 13500 u die = 170 wa ' xomnat % = 0,03: 2m ' et Poa ->4 Pe. 1.20 (& mpwmery 1.95). Ckopocruoe nasnenne B TpyOax: Pon = PHP 1100-0,98/2 = 49,5 Ta, Tloreps aasenus a upeogoaenne Tpexus 2 cpy6axt Apzp =A (nd) Apex = 0,035 (4-2/0,034) 49,5 == 407 Ta — ‘eae xonos n0 rpy6nowy mpoerpenersy. men Onpexenstem norep aasaenna na npeogoaenne mectusix conpo- Tanxerni ‘TenaooGMennuka (pue. 1.20) no cneryiomen ta6auaKes Ba conpormeae J. Be Bxonwas u suxomiaa kavepa 1,5 Brox tpy6u a ayxog us wx Mlosopor ua 180" 13 oRioh 2,5 cen B apyry¥o Cxopoers pacrsopa » umywepax: iy, 0 f,) = 0,3 (0 : 4.0,0948/0,158 0,346 mye, Ckopoctioe aansenue » unyuepax: pig = py? = 1100-0,945%/9 = 66 Ta, Cxopoors 8 unyuepe Goabute exopoeri 8 tpy6ax, nostowy noTepH AABNEHUA ANH BXOMOH H SBIXOAOH KaMep HAXosMM no cKopocTHt B UTyWepax, a MOTEpH pH BXOLE H BAIXOAe 3 TpyG HU np NoBoporax 443 onHOH ceKuUH 8 Apyryio — no eKopoctH B TpyGax: Apu. ¢ = 9-65 + (B+ 7,5) 49,5 = 966 Na Oomee raapanauveckoe conporasenne tpy6uore npocrpancrea TenmoobwenHKa: Ap = 407 + 966 = 1373 Ma 40 aus vox, er. Hpymep 1.36. [lo wexerpy6noy npoctpancray Koxyxorpy64aroro TenaooMenmKa (pre. 1.21) napaaaembio caw TpYO ipoxoLT anuaun co ckopoctbio 0,5 w/c. Tenaoobxersnx cocrodt it3 19 crass. HEX TPYG mrawerpos 26%2,5 wa, naksoit 2,7 u, Buyspenmt avamerp Konsyxa 200 wat, Cpeauas tepoxonatocrs rpy6 e = 0,2 wat. Aunautt B Tenoobuenitike oxaaxiaetes vouoh ot 100 x0 40°C. Onpexennns norepio Aasaenits Ha penne aan anna: 8) cauraa Norow sorepmuseckust; 6) 18 MellsoTepwinNecKora —NoTOKa Mp epeaueli remmepatype crenkn tpy6 25 °C. Pewenne. a) Dan usorepwnueckoro noroka norepio xanae- Hu Ka Tpenue paccwursiwaem no opuyae (1.36) pn epeaueli tex Neparype axnauna, pasioli (100 ++ 40)/2 — 70%Pest .21 (x mpmwepy 180), © Sxennanentaeti gnamerp Mexrpy6uoro npo- expatictea TenoobweniiKa! Dana 2008 = 19.268 1 Dn ~ +19: ae D — onyrpennnfl wanerp noma, wo; d — mapyne aR avawerp TVG, wae n— aeRO py. dy = 39,2 am, Onpeneazem suavenne xputepis Pelinombaca: tedp___045:0,0992-1040 aT" Re= = 14600, Srece 1040 rk? — nxoruoers amnannay 1,410 Mace Annanmveckii KOXppuuNeNT exSKOCTH aneanHa pa 70°C (pic. V), Koodemutenr tpens onpereasiet no puc. 1.5. Jan Re = 14 600 u dle = 39,2/0,2 = 196 axon % = 0,034. Tloreps aaszenns Ka Tpetinie: ‘hp = BE, 270. __0,094-2,7-0,58- 1040 P= OE 6) Ecan morox Hensorepayecknfi (rewmepatypa creak oran- aetea or TeMmepatypit *KiiAKOCTH), TO sHaYeHNe App Ais HsoTEp- MiWeckOrO MOTOKA HEOBXOAUNO YMHOKNUTE Ha OMpaBoUtt KOsdypIt~ WleHT, KoropEif onpetennem, KaK H AMA THApabARYecRM raaAKHX tpy6, no ypapHenio (1.44); = 304 Ma, PrexiPta)!®, ne Prog — xpirtepat Mpanarag xan. npotexaiomel wunkoctm npx rTexneparype Creukut TpyOO!, Pry — KDMTEDHR FIpaugtan AN nporexaoutel 2RAKOCTH pH penne Temneparype. Suavexna xpntepita [pananaa aaR ainania HaxonHM To HoMO- rpaume (pue. XIN): aah fy = 25°C Pr =47, ana ty = 70°C Pr = 16,5, Tlorepa napaetna Ha TpeHHe ana HensoTepmnyeckoro (oxaaxKIa jouerocs) Typ6ystenTHOTO MoToKa aMuaHHa: Apap = 904 (47/16,5)" = 430 Ta, STO sHaWHTeMSHO BHU, YeM JWMX NOTOKA 1soTepMHYecKOrO, Hpnmep 1.37. Lis onpegerenua xoxhprunetta mpoxarbuoro ne- peveumains Ey p wacazo¥Hofl KonoKMe za ras0BOi ast OuAH NposexeHH ONEIT MO NOAYYeHiNO BEIXOAHOM KpHBOM OTKAMKA Ha HMnYABCHE (\MrHOReHHAIH) BEON HEAKATOPA B Tas0BOHH NOTOK Ha Bxone 8 KononHY, Butcora cmon wacaqkn 6 m. Ckopoctb rasa 8 KO- aoride (pneTHBHas) 0,8 we. TlonywenHEte pesy.tstaTEt mpnBencHet B ta6n, 1.5 4 Ha pre, 1.22, Hair seanuny E,. 86 TaGanua 18 0 o | s rom | 2 oso : of 8 er) 0 Bas 2 oto | 3 SS | leans 3 “oom | 8 Bist | Bue ate = npows or Nowenra spoxn siznRaTopa, c C= MonMeHTpaUNS HHRe soph wa" buone, Pemenne, Haxonin cpeitice Bpema mpeSuisanita 8 oaonne vactun (crpyex) oltre Se w= fca| Jen Buwicasem unterpaau no dopmyste tpaneuniir Foden fodrwar( Sto Ft Jeera fecrw (#344Ba) 10,008 + 29,8 = 29,08 re = 1 (0,0096 + 179,7) = 179,7 ro«ugKocrH? Lnawerp Gaka 800 MM. 1.22. B uanopih Gax ¢ naouanbio onepestoro cevexua 3 Mt npnrekaer voga, B awe 6aka wmeerem enyckioe orveperite. [ipa YcraHonMBMecR TeveHUN pacxoa Yepes oTbepeTue paBeH NpHTOKY H yposext Bonm ycranasnubaetes wa Buicore 1 w. Eon npexpatitrs NpHTOK Boats, YpoveHs ee GyzeT nowKarLcR WH uepes 100 ¢ Oak onopoxantes. Onpereaurs mpirox soni B aK. -23. Tlo ropusontansHomy tpyGonposogy ¢ BiytpenunM aita- Merpom 200 mat nporekaer MHHepabHoe Macno oTHocHTeNbHOM n”CT- Hoctt 0,9, B xpyGonposoze ycranioanesia anadparwa (pie. 1.3) © ocrpannt Kpasnit (Kospbuunent pacxone 0,61). Lnamerp orsep- Crna mtadpparmis 76 ws Prytaeti anpwauowerp, npicoeanuenish K asabparme, noxasipaer pastocrs yposnefi 102 uw. Onperenurs ckopoeth Macna B tpyGonpoBore 1 ero pacxox oo sepa Pac, 1,25 (2 xowrpomnok aa fee 29. 1.24, Ha rpySonposoze anamerpo 160%5 mm yera- WoBIeH pacxorouep expy6a Beurypuo (pnc. 1.26), sayr- ewnitti awamerp y3Koi wac- ™ Koropo pasen 60 Tlo py6onposoay npoxoant staH Tox atMocdep HEM nab seunex np 25°C. Toxa- saute BoRAHOTO niK>aHoMerpa tpy6st Bextypt H — 32 mm. Onpe- ReniiTh maccovsifi pacxon staHa, npoxoxsuiero to TpySonpoBoay (© x0/y), npunas xoxdspmgieut pacxona 0,97. 1.25. Onpexemits torepio napneuus wa rpexite pu nporeKa- Bui Boaw no narynnoli tpy6e Atawerpom 19X2 mat, amnwoh 10 a. Copocts Bossi 2 wie. Teseparypa 55 °C. Tpnuars wepoxosaroers mpyOe @ = 0,005 ww. 1,26. Onpexenurs norepio xasneniia Ha tpentie B cBuuncsoM aveesne, Mo KoropoMy nporeKaer 60%-Haa cepan xucTOTa ¢o cxopocrnio 0,7 w/c np cpeguei rexneparype 55°C. TIputiarn ma- Keiuatbityio ‘epoxoBatocrs cBuxuoBEIx Tpy6 Mo Taba. XII. Buy- Tpennitl auaserp Tpy6w smeeDuxa 50 ma, auaMerp BiTKa sMeeEHKa 800 sot, ‘enero surkos 20. Jimny smeedika onpexeauTs npn 2KeHHO NO aileRy BHTKOB UW HX aMaMeTpY. 1.27. To cransomy tpyOonposoay Buyrpermus xuaerpox 200 wa, a2nHoii 1000 w nepesaercs Boxopoa B Komuyectse 120 Kr/s, Cheauee xapatenite 8 cern 1530 moe pr. ct. Tewmeparypa rasa 27 °C. Onpexeamry norepio nasnenus wa Tpene. 1.28, Halt notepio aassenns a tpenne mix napa 8 cransuoM Haponpozoxe aanvoit 50 4, auamerpom 108%4 vat. Jlannenne napa Paso = 6 Krelew? (~0,6 Mila), exopocrs napa 25 wie. 1.29. Kak nwenures norepa xannens a spenne B rasonposore, fo KoTOpoMy mMpoxoauT as0r, ecti pi MocTOREHHOM MaccoBoM pac. xone agora: a) ybennwits aasneune (a6camtomuce) noravaemoro asora cI no 10 Kre/en® pit HevaMenHofi revnepatype; 6) nossicHt® Tommeparypy asora or 0 ao 80 °C npn seuaNenbiowt xannent 1.30. Ho sononposoanoli tpy6e npoxoaum 10 w/a Boats. CKonbKo Bors B 1-4 nponyctHt tpy6a yasoensioro ;uaMerpa pi Toh ake Morepe Hanopa Ra rpexiie? Kospgmunent Tpeuns cutrars no- cromuanint. Teenie typéyacntnoe. 1.31, To npsmomy ropusoxrantiiomy tpyGonpopoay aamtoit 150 a: HeoGxoaKMo noxasats 10 w/e oxngkocts. HonyeKaewan noreps ua- mopa 10m. Onpegenirr rpeGyemsil ananterp Tpy6onposoga,..mpminr- han Kosppuuient tpeuna 2” — 0,03, 1.82. Kax uayewites noreps aaenenua ua tpenue, ecru ps HeusbenHoM pacxoxe KWAKOCTH YMeHDUMITS aNaMetp TpyGonpoBona aPuc, 1.27 (e eonrpossmod sanare 1.58). 1.25 (« xowrpomuol sazave 1.44), bapoe? Sanaay peuliit B RByx BapHatirax: a) catas, uro ofa pe- xa (crapsait Hosssfi) HaxonnTea B OGslacTH zaMmNaploro Texentia; 6) cman, ato o6a pexuna RaxXonaTeA B aBTOMOZebHOf OGacTH. 1.33, )Kuakocr» ornocnreasHo naoroctn 0,9 noctynaet caito- TexoM n3 HatopHioro GaKa, B KoTOpoM NoARepaKiBaeTCA aTwoOpEpHoe Aapnene, B PeKTHDRAUHORRYIO KoxOMNy (pic, 1.27). JaBnenue B Komonne 0,4 Krefeu? (~40 KMa) no maiomerpy (Pyeq). Ha Kaxoil BBICOTE X AOMMEH HAXOINTECH YOBeHth wNAKOCTH B Harloplom 6aKe han MecTOM BBORA B KOMOHHY, "TOOK ckOpOcTi wUAKoCTI B Tpye Gvina 2 wc. Hanop, repaemiti na rpenue m Mectiue conporuane- nus, 2.5 st. TIpumenmts ypapnenne Bepnyaan 1.34, 86% pacroop rauuepuiia cnycKaeres 3 Hanopnoro 6aKa 1 8 annapar 2 no TpyGe qvawerpow 29%2 mm (pic. 128). Pasnocrs yposieit pacrsopa 10 x. Osuas anna tpyGonposoza 110 x. Onupe- JeauT Pacxog pacrBopa, ecam orviociTenbiian nzoTHoeTL ero 1,23, a AuHawmatecka Roxpypiusient as3xocr##97 wMla-c. MectHiiwm conparits- slennsmn npeweOpeds. Pexun TevekHs Mpitasts AammHapHuan (¢ noene- Ayioweli nposepKoll). Yposekts pactBopa B Gake cutTaTs HocromHHEIM. 1.35. 20 te xaop6ensoaa mpi 45°C nepexaanpatores Hacocost 4s peaxtopa J» Hanopubiii Gak 2 (puc. 1.29). B peakrope nag via Kocrbio noguiepaxupaercs —paspementie 200 ns pr. ct. (26,66 x[a), 8 HamopHiom Saxe atwocpepioe nasntenue. Tpy6onpo- BOR BAINOAHEN HS Cramsihix TpyO C He- anaynTeabuoit koppositeh tHaMeTpoM 76. x X 4 ror, Outed aanio 26,6». Ha tpyGonponore ycranonaenm 2 xpawa, auabparna (dy = 48 sx) u 5 orpo20B non yraos 90° (Rod = 3). Xnop6enson ne- pexauupaerea na palcory H = 15 8 (K KowrpemwoR sanaue 1.25), eka Heit moumocro, nonpefanenyio wacocom, npn of x. n. Racockoli yeranoaxn 0,7. 1,36. KoxyxorpySuarhih TensooOewsnx (pue. 1.21) cocrovr na 187 cranpHbtx Tpy6 c HesaunTeaLHOh Kopposmieli (e == 0,2 mm) AMawerpou 18X2 uni, xamHofi 1,9 x. Koxyx sainomen 3 Tpy6it 426x12 um. To mextpy6uony ‘npoctpanicray napanaensuo oem ‘PYG npoxoant 3000 w/a asora (cuHtTas pH HOpMaHMX yonoDnsx) Hod atwocpepinin aanreHem mpH cpeatieli renneparype —10 °C. Awamerp wxoasoro Ww abixoHoro uryiepa 250 wm, Onpexeantb ra: Apawrnveckoe conporiaenne mexrpyOHoro npoctpaucrea, 1.37. B renaoo6mennixe tana «rpy6a B tpybe> (pic. 1.12), CocronuieM HS ABYX KOMUENTpHYECKHX TPYG (sHyTPenHeH anamerpoM 44,5X3.5 M00 1 ilapyxHoH nHamerpow 89X5 mo), oxaxiaeTes oF 70 20 30°C toayon » Koanyecrse 1900 xr/a, Tostyoa npoxoant no Kombuesomy npoctpaitersy Mexay HapyrxHoi i EuyTpeHHe! TpyCoh, Mo suytpesuell tpy6e nporeKaer oxawatoian Bona, Harpepaio- maacs or 14 no 21°C. Onpeneaut» notepio nabnenns Ha Tpenne Ha 1 qanms rpy6u ats Toayora it Aas Bors, NpunKMan, TO CranyMe TPYOs! uMeIOoT HesHauITeTLNyO Kopposmo. Cpeguan Temueparypa crea onyrpenneit rpy6s1 25 °C. 1,38, Tipneectu opyary (1.89) x xprrepuaasuomy anay, 1,89. Kaxoft aomKen pire saat reomerpuvecknii wacniTas wo ReaM, CCAM B NPOMBILLTENKOM amtapare paGouan 2X*iLAKOCTS — Heprh, ab MoneaN — bona, KineMarHuecKHA KoxdppmuneHT BAaKOCTH KOTO: poli ® 50 pas menbine, wea y Hegru? Kaxyto cxopocrt Hao nats Bore B mone, ECAH cKopoets Hemprit B npowurmrentoM antiapate 1 w/c? Moxeampytorca oxwospemenHo cuast tpeimia m cnast TaKecrt. 1.40. Onpexeanrs momocts, pacxoayemyio mpi nepeKayke Ha- coca 4,6 '/4 xonoanabHoro paccona (25% pacrBop CaCl) 3 xo- AomAbHO yeranoBKit & KoNeHCaTOp, pactowtoxeNtio Hax extn $itxannonnoh konomnofi. Brrcora nonsea 16 M, AnaMmuecKiIh Koo Gpnunewr paskocrn paccona 9,5 wMla-c, naoricers 1200 Kria’, ana erp tpyGonposora 32X2,5 ane, o6ukan gama 80 mM. Craronne TPYOsI MMeoT HesHauNTeRLAyIO Kopposino. Ha anti ycraHonteHH 6 orsogon nox yrnom 90° (Reid = 4) 0 4 opamoro¥Rine newtnan, OGuutit x, m. a. Hacoca c seKrpoanirarerest 0,5. 1.41, Tlo ropusonramsuony tpyGonpopory nepexasunaeten winx woets. Bo ckomsKo pas Bospacrer pacKoa sueprun Ha nepeKauKy, ecan vepes Tpy6y Syzer npoxoaurs yaBoeMHOe KomNNeCTBO 2Ki.aKO- cri? Koadxpmunenr tpenus carats doctomumu, Apgon = 0. 1.42. Ilo cranbuomy tpy6onposony Buyrpenmum anamerpoM 75 sm Tpebyeres nepeKawneare 25 w/a auAKOCTH naoTHOCTEIO 1200 Kr/M, € aunaMmueckny KoodyiuneHTOM BssKocTH 1,7 MMla-c. Konexnas Towa 1pyGonpovosa Beiine HavamBHOI 1a 24M. Jana tpyGonpo- gona 112 v. Ha new ycranosaenty 2 npanorounbtx BextHAA 5 ps Moyroabiux oTpoae® ¢ paanycoM Hara 300 wet. TpyGs mMewor Hesnauuresény1o kopposuio. Hafiru norpeSaneuyio mouitocrs, ecait OGuuNit K. M.A. MacocHoH yeranoBicn 0,6. 0Pes 1.90 (« gourposunal saqane 1.49), 1.43. Bona px 10°C nogaetea ua peKH Hacocom B OTKpUITEIH peseppyap (pu. 1.30). Bepxuaa Towa na 50% Bue ie ypoBns Box B pexe. TpyGonposox cTadbutoi ¢ HesnauHTeabHOh Kopposnelt, Buyrpennmit ananerp ero 80 ws, pacuer- nam anuna (coBeroennan aaina ntoe 9K BuBasleHTHaA THA MecTHBIX conporiane- nit) 165. Hacoc noxaer 575 s?/stt Kaxoos pacxoayeman sacocoM MomuocTD, ecm K. 1. 3, HlacocHof yeraiwownn 0,55? 1.44. To “npawowy sosayxonposoay npsMoyronbrioro cevenus 400% 600 ake, cxenaHHOMy 113 KPOBeNDiOH cram, Kan0 noRaBaTb 14 400 Kerja Bosayxa np 27°C i armochepuow gasrenun. JLanua Bosayxonpooaa 60 . Haiti TpeGyemyio MouuocTs sneKTpoRBHTae tens, cea ero x. n. A. 0,95, a K. nm. a. BexTHASTOpa 0,4. 1.45. To tpyGonpowoiy © Bnytpenumm anaxerpom’ 100 a no- naeren AMOKCHA yraepora Nox AaBTeNKeN 2 Krc/eM* (Kto Maniomerpy) pw cpeanie temnepatype 75 °C ¢ waccosoit cxopocrbio 30 xr/(x?-c). UWepoxosarocts tpyOs ¢ = 0,7 am. Onpexeairs rugpananaeexoe conpotueaenne ropusontaxpHoro Tpy6omposoxa mph anuKe ero 90 MH npn taaMsiM yerupex Kose NOX yrmom 90° Hm seaBKKKM, Onperenins taKxe momtocts, notpeGxsemyio rasoaysKoh mn nepe- MemeHHA mHORCHAa yrnepona, ecmit ee K. i. a. coctasnaer 50 %. 1.46, 40%-nuh stuaonuiit coupr enycKaeteR 9 6aKa no Tpy6e anaserpow 33,5X2,8 wm. Ha tpy6e muciorea Kpan u 2 Kosena non yraou 90°. Odiitan Anttxa TpySonposoaa 49m. Onpeseauth cKopoct enupra 8 tpyGonponose (npH pasioctH suicoT 7.2 N). Kosppmunent TEMA APKHATS npHGaWAxCHHO panuim 0,025. Hain ckopocte cmapra, aposepmy sHaveuNe Kosxbuunenta Tpenua. Texnepatypa cemupra’ 35°C. 1.47. Tlo tpyGonposoay auawerpost 26,8% 2,5 wat ctexaet utrpo- Gensoa ¢ rewnepatypoft 44 °C, Havanbuas TO4ka TpyGonpoBoza Bulle Kovemofi 1a 200 wat. Janna ropxsonraabKOl vacrn tpy6onpoBona 242 u. Yuecty ToxbKo conporpaenue Tpenns. Haiitn maccosuit PACKoM tTpoGenso7a HK MpOEepHTD NPHUATHIM PerKHM ero NBILKEHHA, 1.48, Bannapar, paGoraiomii on aas.teitien page = 0,2 MMla, Hayo nloqapaT» ilacocoM Boay 3 OTKPBITOrO pesepByapa 0 tpy6o- upopoay Biytpennnss avamerpow 70 sac. Bepxuss towKa tpyGonpo- Boaa Bbule YpoptIA Bom B peseppyape ua 5 w. Pacuetnaa anwna TpYGonpoRoAa (cobcTREHAN AANA noc sKENBAAeNTHAA ANNA mecrubix conpotupaenuii) 350 mM. Kosihpiuuent tpenun 2 — 0,03. Hain sapncumocts mewty pacxoaom BOR, npoTeKaroiuell no TpyCio~ HpOBOAY, H noTepelt AABAeNHNA Ha NpeoROAEHNE BCeX conporuBACINit spyGonpovosa (iiaittH ypaznenne XapaxtepucTiikH ceTu) a Pac, 1.91 (4 KouTposnuod annus 1.58), Boodyx 1.49. Llenrpodexusiht nacoc sweet ce J fueron aylouyio nacnoptnyro xapaxtepnctury: Pactor noat, wy 12 18D Coanapacwuih'wanep, «383632 BB Ckoxbko Boalt SyneT nogasaTb sToT Ha- coc, ent nocTanith ero paSotats na ceth Konrponbnol satay 1.48? (Halt paSoayio Toury). :50. Bentunatop noaaer osayx, saca- cua ero us atwocpeper. Tonava Bentins- ropa 12500 wx. ‘Kakoe accosoe Koauyectso sosayxa noaaer BeHTHASTOp sHMOM (f = —15 °C) n.reToM (f = 30°C)? 1.51. OnpeseavTs aantenite, pasBunaemoe ventuantopom, KOTO puilh noxaet Bosiyx 3 atwocbeps npx Tennepatype 18°C B npo- crpancreo ¢ naGorrownem 2anreiHen 43 amv nog. ct. Tozepi AaBaenus B TpyGonporoxe 275 Ma, cKopocts Bosayxa B Hem 11,5 w/c. 1,52, Kaxoe a6comorioe napnenxe (8 xrejew!) oxen Hwers BosayX, nogapaemsih B NoHTeAto (pc. 1.31) ara noxveMe cepliolt RHUCTOTIL OTHOCHTeRbHON naoTHOcTH 1,78 na Becoty 21m? Tuxpas- sIuseckuM norepsMx npenedpeus. 1.53. Cxopocts ctpyit Ha Bbixoje u3 aixbysopa ropHsonTansHoro Bonoctpyiinioro Hacoca (cM. puc. 2.10) 2,35 w/c. Bona asixonur 13 Auckby30pa_ nox aTMocdepibim nawsennest. Hvamerp BuxoxKOrO orBepetun audpyaopa 62 mn, aHanetp otseperHa conna (ceuenne 1) 30 vat, TIpenedperan notepams, onpexenth Teopetuueckyio BB cory H. wa KoTopyio MoXeT GuiTe nO,NATa OTKauHBAeMaA EOLA HS orpsitoro peseppyapa. 1,54. Onpezeniits ruapasniseckoe conpotuamenie cxon eyxoh HacaKH astcoTolt 3 M, cocTosmell 13 KepamuveckHx Komen 15X15 X X 2 mu. Yepes HacaiKy npocacsiBaetes eosayx npH 20°C x atwtoc- epuom mane co ckopoctoio 0,4 mle (ckopocts dbukritaian). Taaea2 HACOCbI. BEHTHJISITOPbI. KOMMPECCOPbI OCHOBHBIE 3ABHCHMOCTH H PACHETHBIE ®OPMY:TBL 1. Toaneti nanop, paseueaemiit nacocom (puc. 2.1), onpese- Aaerea ypansensen PP @.1 = PPE + Het hay en uxentunmin ypasnenuio (1.49), 8 Manaoe K. 6. «0 6Ba, 2. cena yer ous wen rpm Sac ff — nommuhnanop,_pesmnaen acest” werpan cre epercemnseu moth pe Pt dances Npcrpancr Tia: p“ anonnoctshepekatuboevet nanos: The athe: Hp reowerpuneenns bless Hoke aan a ye Hane, serps Srewsh a coarie extocra a Min aeons ene tpemin WB ccs compen eh a bechnaueh “ norerave ol oun a SRPMS fenepeme cman ns Stor xe non Kanop H mower GuiTs paccsutaH 1 no apyromy ypas- weno: Du Pre ac ++ ESE, em a 7 Re py — zauseitue B uarneTereabion tpy6o- pose wa muxone >euAKOcTH ia Hacoed, Ta; Poo — RaBAeHue BO BCACHIBAIONEM TpyeaRpO Bolle wa sxoxe aiuMKorTH B aco, TTA; Hy Pepruxaauioe paceroanne semay —ToAKaM HOMEpENNR REAEHHR Py Pye. Mi ity — CkOPOCTI, MHAKOCTH B HaieraTeaLNOM "pySonpoone, we: aye — exOpocte aKHAKOCTH BO BCACUBBIOULeN TpyConpowate, Mle Ecan cxopoctit @, 1 Wye GAHSKH H pacetonEHe Hy Mano, To aH Wee pacer fo ypasnenne (2.2) ynpouaerca: He PaaPoe (2.28) Gopmyasi (2.1) H (2.2) nonysatores 3 ypasnenns Bepnyzan, Coctannenioro ata cooteercrayionuix ceuennit noroKa. Popay.na (2.2) Npunewserca pw nenbirannn geiierayiourx wacocos, a dopmyna C.1) — npw npoexrupozanny Hacocnsx ycraxoRoK. 2. Momuocts NV (8 KBr), norpeGasewan genratenem Hacoca: Qogt nr 3) Brees Q— obtennan nponsuoantensnocts (noxava) weccea *, w/c; p — pact. Rocth Nepekauubaenoh mUAKOCTH, KIM"; go 9,81 m/c? — ycxopeume cBo6oxHoro EO fey ala? art vt et ay c TMM @4) soracon ua sonomune soppy bTavexs waory yon HaBAHBaeTCA HECKONbKO Gombe momHocTH Ny Mas MoHocTE: ms vers Seat onpecnaes Myer = BN. * B ywetinixas no macocmun me is mevTuaRropmM YeTOHODKAM ctmeNI pax lnocri (32), Moxasaewonnacocow (wenritnTopoy), Obwino eboanean pe Ge 66 Hansenne siaesrurenio- ro napa fg Bor cr 0,09 0,12 0,24 0.43 0,75 125 Kia 0,88 18 2:36 4,22 7.56 12.26 Ta6anua 21 10,33 101.3 02-317 4,827.14 82 B11 47,3. 70,04 Koséipnynewr sanaca mouocTh B Gepetca 8 saBHcHMocTH oT emnaniat NV (ra6a. 2.1). 3. Teoperiveckan pulcora BCacuBalltn nopusKeHoro Hacoca Hye (® w) onpenenseres Buipamennest (pe. 2.2): Hye IbHOl =naotHocrH 0, M3 . Gopika _p autuapar, AabaeHie ® KOTOPOM Pays = 3,2 Krcfew (0,32 MIla). Hasnenue 8 cOopnnke atwocpeproe. Teomerpuuecxas suicota noxbewa 19,5 m. oalas noteps Hanopa Bo BcacsIBaioutel aumut 1,7 M, B HarHetaterbnolt — 8,6 m. Kakyto vactory spamenia HagO RaTS HACOCY H KaKOM MOULHOCTH 9eKTPONBHTATeNb YCTAROBHT, ecan IIpinats Kosdxpuunent nonayn Hacoca 0,85 1 xospinunenns z aestioro neliersna: Hacoca 0,8, nepexaun H alektponaHrarens no 0, Pemense. Hs dopmyam (2.6) Haxonnmt 60 nF nm B namem caysaet 490 : 0201 x 0717 s/c; F = 0,785.0, 16% = 0,0201 1% 0 = =o z 0,00717-60 . = 128 o6jun. = "9,85:0,0001-0,2 = 18 06! Hanop, passueaemisi nacocou, onperensem no gopmyne (2.1): 3,2.9,81 108 = 64,2" = EST + 195+ 103 # Mouocts, norpeGaseuyio sueKtpoxnratenem Hacoca, paccsH- rupaen no dopmyne (2.3) = 5,82 KBs ae 0,72 — o6tunit x. A. macoeHol yeraHoBKH tag = 0,8-0,95-0,95 or. B coornercrenm ¢ gas TaG2. 2.1 neoGxoxmo ycranoBiTs (c sanacom Ha neperpysk) sieKTpoxsnraten® moinsocrsio 5,82:1,17 = 6,8 xBT.Tipumep 2.5. LenrpoGeasttii” nacoc, nenarouii 1200 o6/mu, MoKasan mpi nembrranin cmeayrouwie aannue: Q awe... 0 10.8 21,2 298 494 iw. 238 258 Be OL ITS NoxBr 22516 787 10,1 113 130 Tepexasupaaca pacroop oruocurensof naorkoctn 1,12. Onpe- Realtth K. N. 4, Hacoca ATA KarssOH npoltaBoautTemSHoCrH H noeTpolrTE Tagsecnyio apgRrepacrany acoca +l A. HaCoca onperersien 113 ypasuena: Wm Meet ooo * emenne. K, orkyaa To rofl gopmyze Busucment caexyoue Havens K. 1. a, Hacoca: Q awe ss... 0 108 212 298 40.4 SI. 0 0,89 0,587 0,649 0,687 0,55 Xapaxrepictuka Hacoca npeactapnena na puc. 2.7. Tpumep 2.6. TpeGyercn noaaparh 115 s/a pacrsopa ortocurent- nofi naotHocrit 1,12 3 Gaka @ annapar na aurcoty 10,8 M, camran OF ypoBus KHAKOCTH 8 Gaxe, JLaBTeHue BANNApate py, = O,d KFcjea™ (~40 x(a), “aapmenne 8 Cake atmociepiice. Tpydonporon meer auanerp 140X4,5 ma, ero pacseruaa anna (coberseuuan nina fimoc SkBusarenTHaR jLuHa MecTHULX conpoTBzenntit ) 140 xt. MoxHo Jil NDANCHHTS UeNTpOGeXHB Hacoc Mpesuyulero npuMepa, ccm pwusir KoxdpHueRT TpekH# B TpyGonposoxe % pain 0,032 Pemenue. Onpexernew neoOxoguseil itanop, KoTopuill 20a eH ABATE Hacoe Ckopoers xxuaKocrs 115, = 3900-0; 7B5-O, TTT ~ 237 wie Cxepoernoit nanop: at an hee Bp = BRT 288 a, Nlorepa nanopa wa tpe- hne it Mecrane ‘conporite: nena: A+ ba) ACHE hae ease. 0,03-140 ourar 786 16 a, Paes 2.7 ( upmaepan 2.5 ¥ 2.0). Ta6anna 23 1200 6's Q antic 212 298 404 Them 284 21 173 n= 1260 6s Qe, awtle Ba 313 425 ftw 28,0 244 is, Tpe6yemmit nonawi Hanop Hacoca Bunienien 0 dopmyme (2.1): rn 28100009.81 4 19,8.4.9,16-4 0,285 =25.8 m 1120-5,81 TpeGyewas npoussoaurremocT acoca: 115-1000 Me = HEI 92 ante. Ospamasce & puc. 2.7, Miu BAM, TO TOUR A ¢ KoopanHaTaxn Q= 3 wije, H= 23.8' nest Bumie KpHBOR xapaKrepicTiKH wlacoca, 1, eneloDarenbHo, ganuBif Hacoc pu m, = 1200 o6/sauH we eMoner oGecnenuth tpeGyemyio npoussoauterbuocts (npn H 23,8 M Hacoc MoxeT nogaBaTb TOMbKO 26 am/c). OguaKo, ecm mecentany Wouters SAGITNY OpeUMmua, 70 HACee ORBMCATEN. api roguum, Tlonpsyacb coornomennem (2,8) Qi My 2 Som mG) MoxHo nonoGpats HeoOXOAUMyO KoByIO YacToTy BpaMteins Ns. Ecaut, vanpunep, 8387} rg = 1260 o6/ann m nepecautate jane nue npunepa 2.5 no dopwynaw (2.8) wa Sty HoBylo Nacroty Bpauite- ing, Bo syaine encapentre peoymoratl (rat 2.8) Burieptp no anusit Ta6a. 2.3 Kpusyo xapaxrepuetaKu nacoca pit ny =~ 1260 o6/muxi (pie, 2.8), it yenaust, 879 MH sto; sacrore Bpautenua stacoc eworer oGecnesiTs TpeGyenue moray (32 mM*/c) a nanop 23,8 ™) Moutvoctb, norpeGasemylo Hacocom np HoBOR sacTore Bpamne- HHA, onpeneaaem no dopmyae Qoatt “Foo? cautas npu6anaxKenHo, 9TO K. 1. A. Hacoca n Ne uaMennaes *, 31a- enue ero Gepem fo AaHHBM MpuMepa 2.5, B KOTOPOM Gut HaitAeHO, sto in Q= 30-40 awi/e x. n.d. Hacoca 1 0,64. Mouwtocta, orpeGaneas 1acocoM npn ny = 1260 o6/un: 32-1120-9,81-25,8, N= —Toq0-1o00-0,64 = 13s! KBr. Mpumep 2.7. Onpeaenntb Koxppuanent nogaym mectepenyaroro nacoca (pitc. 29), Aenaioutero 440 o6/aum. nero ayouen wa me- Mawes vont aoc Ton m9 fepnae Mae= My (22), suena pony... =