MK39 Design Report

MK39 missile
SRM design report

(name)

(time)
MK39 Design Report

Contents
 MK39 Design Report

I. Introduction of MK39 missile

“百舌鸟”AGM-45A 反雷达导弹是美国军队的第一种投入实战的空地反辐
射导弹。该导弹的预研工作于 1958 年在海军武器中心启动，研制项目于 1962
年正式启动，1964 年 1 月完成基本研制工作，同年 10 月装备部队。该导弹被用
于摧毁敌方地对空导弹、高炮防空系统雷达，是一种超声速、全天候压制敌方
防御系统的武器。“百舌鸟”AGM-45A 导弹基型弹体长 3.05 米，直径 203 毫
米，重 177 公斤，射程 12 公里。战斗部为破片杀伤战斗部，长 0.747 米，直径
203 毫米，重 66.7 公斤，装药 23-25 公斤。破片总数 20000 块，破片飞散速度
7947 米/秒，对无装甲目标的有效破坏半径 5-10 米，对人员的有效杀伤半径 50-
60 米 。 “ 百 舌 鸟 ” AGM-45A 使 用 的 是 MK39 发 动 机 ， 有 Mod
0、3、4、5、6、7 几种型号。MK39 Mod 6 是根据美国海军 NOO174-68-C-0645
合同设计和发展的。

Figure 1 MK39 Mod6 scheme

II. Design Task

Table 1 parameters of MK39 missile

indices values
95
Total impulse
KN⋅s
Thrust (average) 33 KN

Duration 3~4 s

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 MK39 Design Report

Outer Diameter (REF) 203mm

Length (REF) 1321mm

Throat diameter (REF) 59mm

Chamber pressure
7 MPa
(REF)

III. Overall design

3.1 Choice of propellant

 Chemical composition

This motor uses HTPB complex propellant as shown in Table 2.

Table 2 propellant composition

enthalpy of
molecular mass fraction
composition formation
formula （%）
（ KJ /mol ）
HTPB C 4 H 6 . 052 O0 .052 −315 .7 14
NH 4 ClO 4
AP —— 55

Aluminum powder Al —— 18

HT−7
C 4 H 7 .24 O8 .41 N 7 .88 487 . 38 13

（Note：The absent data in the table are the components in CEA software library）

 Thermodynamic calculation results

Main results calculated by CEA are shown in Table 3.
Table 3 thermodynamic calculation results

Performance parameters values

Specific impulse
I s （ m/s ）

Characteristic speed c∗（ m/s ）

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 MK39 Design Report

Thrust coefficient C F
3
Propellant density ρ （ Kg /m ）

Specific heat ratio k

Area ratio of nozzle ε = Ae / At

Combustor Temperature Tc(K)

III.2 Choice of the material of combustor case

Choose the material of the combustor case, and find the relative parameters of

 b and  c .

III.3 Diameter and the L/rc ratio

Total impulse I  95kN  s

Use star shape propellant, so consider residual using f=1.03

fI mp
mp  VP 
IS p
Mass and volume of propellant

F
At 
Throat area CF Pc

Throat diameter dt=

Assuming a proper value of J (usually from 0.3~0.5), calculate AP
At
AP 
J
dmc
=0
According to the principle of minimum mass ( dr c ), solve the following

equation to obtain the optimum case radius rc

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 MK39 Design Report

2 2 2
(8 . 28 πr ¿
)(
¿ ¿
)
c − A p πr c − A p =4 πr c A p V p

Lc  L p
In preliminary calculation, assume . Then the best L/rc ratio is

Lc Vp
  
rc ( rc  Ap )rc
 2

And the length of the combustor is Lc  rc  

  

III.4 Chamber pressure optimization

When the total impulse is constant, there is a best pressure referring to the max
value of the ratio of total impulse and total mass.
So we can calculate a series values of the mass of combustor case mc and the
propellant mp corresponding to a series values of chamber pressures Pc. Then plot the

curves of mc  Pc and mP  PC as well as (mP  mC ) PC to find the best value of Pc

referring the min value of mP  mC .

The total mass of the combustor case can be calculated by

kb Pc 2 rc2V p
mc  mc1  mc 2  ( 2  2.76 rc3  Ap rc )
 b / c  rc  AP

kb is a safety coefficient and usually is 1.2~1.5.

rc is the optimum value obtained previously.

2k Pe kk1
IS  RT0 [1  ( ) ]
k 1 Pc
Because

The mass of the propellant has a relationship with the actual chamber pressure
fI fI
mp  
Is 2k Pe kk1
RT0 [1  ( ) ]
k 1 Pc

Given different values of Pc, the corresponding values of mc and mp can be

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 MK39 Design Report

calculated and drawn in Figure 2.

Figure 2 Optimization of chamber pressure

According to the maximum strength theory, the wall thickness can be derived by
kb Pc rc
c 
b

III.5 Area ratio of nozzle εA

According to the principle of maximum ratio of impulse to mass, there is an

optimum value of εA to realize minimum mass of SRM when the following equation
stands

 dmi 
  0
 dPe  I

where mi is the total mass of SRM and Pe is the exit pressure of the nozzle.
Generally, εA has obvious effects on the mass of propellant mp and nozzle mn
when the total impulse is fixed. So we have

 d (mP  mn ) 
  0
 dPe I

We can solve the equation as follows:

1 Calculate nozzle mass with different εA

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 MK39 Design Report

Assume the divergent section is conical with half angle α=18°, the mass of
nozzle can be predicted by the following equation:
At
mn,d  ( A  1)( dc  dc   ds  ds )
sin 

Where  dc and  dc are the thickness and density of the nozzle shell,  ds and  ds are

the thickness and density of the thermal insulation layer of nozzle.

According to experience,  dc and  ds are chosen to be 5 mm.

2 Calculate propellant mass with different εA

The propellant mass has a relationship with the specific impulse with the engine,
and the thrust coefficient CF has great impact on the specific impulse.
I I
mP   *
I s c C F

The thrust coefficient CF can be calculated by

 k 1

2k   Pe  k  P P 
C F = 1   A  e  a 
k  1   Pc    Pc Pc 
 

k 1
 2  2( k 1)
= k  
 k 1 

Where Pa is the atmosphere pressure.

3 Find the optimum εA using diagram method.
Sum the mass propellant and nozzle against εA, plot the figure of (mp+mn) vs εA
and find the optimum values of εA.

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 MK39 Design Report

Figure 3 optimization of εA

he final overall parameters of this SRM can be determined in Table 4.

T

Table 4 SRM parameters

HTPB
Propellant
complex
Chamber case material

Chamber case thickness

Chamber pressure Pc (average)

Chamber radius rc
¿
Length to radius ratio λ

Length of the combustor Lc

Throat diameter dt

Flow area Ap

Exit diameter of nozzle

IV. Scheme of combustor case

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 MK39 Design Report

Select 30CrMnSiA as the material for combustor case. Compared with composite
material, metal is more suitable for small tactical missile. The main parameters for
this material is shown in Table 5.
Table 5 performance of 30CrMnSiA
Ultimate strength
1079
σb (MPa)
Yield limit
883
σs (MPa)
Elongation δ 10%
Shrinkage ψ 40%
Impact toughness αk (MJ/m2) 0.49
Density (kg/m3) 7750
The average chamber pressure is about 7MPa. Consider the internal ballistic
curve, we assume the maximum pressure in combustor Pmax=10MPa to ensure
working safety.

IV.1 thickness of cylinder

The minimum thickness of cylinder segment can be calculated by ultimate

strength theory:
Pmax Dc
 min  
2     Pmax

or
Pmax D
 min  
2   

where D and Dc are middle diameter and outer diameter. Consider the thickness is
much smaller than the diameter, here assume D=Dc.
[σ] is allowed stress of case material. Consider the safety coefficient of 1.5, we
assume [σ]=720 MPa.
ξ is used to consider the welding seam, usually choose ξ=1.0.
According to the two results above and taking the enough value of safety
coefficient into account, we round the cylinder thickness to be δ = .

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 MK39 Design Report

IV.2 thickness of head

An ellipsoid head is chosen and assume m=2. The minimum thickness can be
calculated by
Pmax D  m
 min  
4   

or
Pmax D  m
 min  
4     mPmax

According to the two results above and taking the enough value of safety
coefficient into account, we round the head thickness to be δ = .

IV.3 thickness of thermal insulation

To ensure the safe working of SRM, thermal insulation layer is necessary in the
combustor. For small tactical missile, the thickness of thermal insulation layer is
usually 2-3mm.

V. Scheme of propellant

VI. Scheme of nozzle

VII. Implementation of technical indicators