THE POSITION IN THE BED

NAME :

1. AYUNI SHINTA BELA

PO. 71.20.2.19.043

2. BELLA KURNIA NOFITRI

PO.71.20.2.19.044

3. NUROIDAH

PO. 71.20.2.19.068

KEMENTERIAN KESEHATAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA

POLITEKNIK KESEHATAN PALEMBANG

 PROGRAM STUDI KEPERAWATAN BATURAJA

PREFACE

Gratitude for the presence of God Almighty who has given His grace and gifts, so that the author
can complete this paper with the title "THE POSITION IN THE BED" various parties, for that
the writing team would like to thank all those who have helped the author complete this paper
which the authors cannot mention as one unity here.

The writing team has tried their best in the preparation of this paper, but the writing team
realizes that there are still many shortcomings and weaknesses both in material and writing
techniques, constructive suggestions are expected for the perfection of this paper. Finally, the
authors hope that this paper can be useful as a reference material for making reports or research
later.

Baturaja, march 2021

Writer team
 CONTENTS

COVER...........................................................................................i

PREPACE...............................................................................ii

CONTENTS..................................................................................iii

CHAPTER I PRELIMINARY.......................................................1

A. Background.......................................................................1
B. Problem formulation.........................................................1
C. Purpose of writing.............................................................1

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW.........................................2

A. Definision of bed making.................................................2

B. Basic prinsiple of bed making..........................................2
C. Purpose of bed making.....................................................2
D. Tools - the tools used........................................................2
E. Classification of bed making............................................3

CHAPTER III CONCLUSION......................................................7

A. Conclusion........................................................................7
B. Suggestion.........................................................................7

REFRENCE............................................................................8
 CHAPTER I

PRELIMINARY

A. Background

Many pathological conditions affect the alignment and mobility of the body. Congenital
or diurnal posture abnormalities can affect the efficiency of the skeletal muscular system, as well
as body alignment, balance, and appearance. Poster abnormalities can impede alignment,
mobility or both thereby limiting range of motion in some joints.

To prevent poster abnormalities, it can be done by adjusting the patient's position.In

addition, preparations such as assessing muscle strength, joint mobility of the patient, the
presence of paralysis or paresis, orthostastic hypotension, activity tolerance, level of
consciousness, level of comfort and the ability to follow instructions are also important.

Body mechanics is an effort of musculoskeletal coordination to maintain body balance.

The principle of body mechanics, basic movement in body mechanics is a necessity of body
mechanics and ambulation. To assess the patient's ability to use good body mechanics, use of
mobility aids, how to reach objects up or down and walking is by carrying out the nursing
process on the patient through assessment, diagnosis, intervention, and nursing actions. With the
nursing process for patients with ambulation disorders, it is aimed at maintaining ambulation
safety, increasing muscle strength and mobility, preventing complications from immobility and
increasing self-esteem and independence.
B. Problem

Based on the background description above, the problem formulations in the writing of
this paper are as follows.

1. What is the meaning of patient positioning.

2. What are the various body position adjustments according to the patient's needs

3. What is the procedure for implementing each patient positioning.

C. Purpose

1. To provide assistance to the patient to sit on the bed.

2. To adjust the position on the bed.
3. To help move the patient from the bed to the wheelchair
4. To help the patient walk.
 CHAPTER II

LITERATUR REVIEW

A. Definition of patient positioning

Adjusting and changing positions is to put the patient in a good position and change
regularly and systematically. This is an important aspect of nursing. Any posture Good or will
not interfere if done for a long time (Potter and Perry,2009).

What is Patient Positioning? Patient positioning involves maintaining correct patient

neutral body alignment by preventing hyperextension and extreme lateral rotation to prevent
complications of immobility and injury. Positioning the patient is an important aspect of a
nurse's practice and responsibilities.

Purpose of changing positions:

1. prevent muscle pain.

2. reduce pressure.

3. prevent damage to nerves and superficial blood vessels.

4. prevent muscle contractures.

5. Maintain muscle tone and reflexes.

6. Facilitate an action both medical and nursing.

B. The Types Of Positioning In The Patient

 1. Fowler Position

The fowler position is a half-sitting or sitting position, where the head of the bed is higher
or raised. This position is performed to maintain comfort and facilitate the patient's respiratory
function.

Purpose

 Reducing complications due to immobilization.

 Increase the sense of comfort
 Increases the thrust on the diaphragm resulting in increased chest expansion and
pulmonary ventilation
 Reduces the possibility of pressure on the body due to a sedentary position

Indication

 In patients with respiratory problems

 In immobilized patients

2. Sims position

The sim position is a tilted position to the right or tilted left. This position is done to
provide comfort and provide drugs per anus (suppositories). Body weight lies in the illium,
humerus and clavicle bones.

Purpose
  Improve drainage from the patient's mouth and prevent aspiration
 Reduces emphasis on the spinal cord and major trochanter of the lumbar muscles
 Enter the suppository drug
 Prevent decubitus

Indication

 Patients with examination and treatment of the perineal area

 The patient is unconscious
 Paralysis patient
 The patient is going to have a dienema
 To sleep in pregnant women.

3. Trendelenberg's position

In this position the patient lies in bed with the head lower than the legs. This position is
done to improve blood circulation to the brain.

Purpose

 Patients with surgery on the abdominal area.

 The patient is in shock.
 hypotensive patient.

Indication

 Patients with surgery on the abdominal area

 The patient is in shock
 Hypotensive patient

4. Dorsal Recumben Position

 In this position the patient lies on his back with both knees flexed (pulled or stretched)
on the bed. This position is done to treat and examine as well as in the delivery process.

Purpose

 Increases patient comfort, especially with back strain.

Indication

 Patients with examination of the pelvic, vagina and anus

 Patients with back strain.

5. Lithotomy Position

In this position the patient lies on his back by lifting both legs and pulling them over the
abdomen. This position is carried out to check the genitalia during childbirth, and insert a
contraceptive device.

Purpose

 Make it easy to examine the pelvic area, for example, vagina, taucher, rectal examination,
and cystoscopy
 Facilitate the implementation of the delivery process, hemorrhoid surgery, installation of
intra-uterine devices (IUD), and others.
Indication

 On genecological examination
 To make a diagnosis or provide treatment for diseases of the urethra, rectum, vagina and
bladder.

6. Genu pectrocal position

In this position the patient is on the back with the legs bent and the chest against the base
of the bed. This position is performed to examine the rectum and sigmoid area.

Purpose

 Make it easy to examine the rectum, sigmoid, and vaginal area.

Indication

 Hemorrhoid patients
 Examination and treatment of the rectum, sigmoid and vaginal area.

7. Orthopeneic position

The position of the patient sits with his head resting on a cross section parallel to the
chest, such as a table.

Purpose
  Facilitates lung expansion for patients with extreme breathing difficulties and cannot
sleep on their back or head only at moderate elevation.

Indication

 Patients with severe shortness of breath and sleeplessness on their backs.

8. Supination Position

Supine position with the patient leaning his back so that the base of the body equals good
standing alignment.

Purpose

 Increase patient comfort and facilitate healing, especially in patients with surgery or in
certain anesthetic processes.

Indication

 Patients with certain post anesthesia or surgery procedures

 The patient is very weak or in a coma.

9. Pronation position

The patient sleeps in a prone position. Lie with his face facing the pillow.
Purpose

 Provides maximum extension to the knee and hip joints

 Prevents hip and knee flexion and contractures.

Indication

 Patients undergoing oral and esophageal surgery

 Patient with examination of the buttocks or back.

10. Lateral Position

Oblique position in which the patient leans to the side with most of the body weight on
the hips and shoulders.

Purpose

 Maintain body alignment

 Reducing complications due to immobilization
 Increase the sense of comfort
 Reduces the likelihood of permanent pressure on the body due to a sedentary position.

Indication

 Patients who want to rest

 Patients who want to sleep
 Patients in the fowler or dorsal recumbent position in the long position
 Patients who experience weakness and after surgery.
 CHAPTER III

CONCLUSION

A.CONCLUSION

Based on the problems and the results of the above discussion ,it can be concluded as
follows:

1. Adjusting and changing positions is to put the patient in a good position and change regularly
and systematically. This is an important aspect of nursing. Any posture Good or will not
interfere if done for a long time (Potter and Perry,2009).

2. Various kinds of positioning according to patient needs, namely:

1) Fowler position
2) Sims position
3) Trendelenberg's position
4) Dorsal Recumben Position
5) Lithotomy Position
6) Genu pectrocal position
7) Orthopeneic position
8) Supination Position
9) Pronation position
10) Lateral Position

B.SUGGESTION

It is hoped that as aprospective health worker can understand correctly the procedures for
implementing the positioning of patients to clients and be able to carry out procedures for
implementing patient positioning arrangements for clients in nursing.
 REFERENCE

Darlina,Devi,dkk. 2014.Kebutuhan aktifitas dan mobilisasi. Fakultas Keperawatan

Universitas Syiah Kuala. Banda Aceh.

Hidayat, AlimulAziz, 2010.Keterampilan Dasar Praktik Klinik untuk Kebidanan.

Salemba Medika: Jakarta