ADITYA HIGH SCHOOL

Chemistry - (2010-11)
1 Mark Questions
1. ATOMIC STRUCTURE
1. What is Planck's Quantum equation? and what is the value of Planck's constant? (Or) Write the
Planck’s equation?
Planck's Quantum equation is E = hν
Where E is Energy of radiation.
ν is the frequency of radiation.
h is the Planck's constant.
The value of Planck's constant is h = 6.625 × 10–27 erg.sec. (or) h = 6.625 × 10–34 J.sec.
2. What is a stationary orbit?
Electrons are moving with high velocity around the nucleus in specified paths called "orbits" (or) "shells". The
energy of the electron in a particular orbit is constant. Hence these orbits are called "stationary orbits".
3. What are degenerate orbitals?
Orbitals having the same energy are called "degenerate orbitals".
4. Who proposed the principal Quantum number?
Neils Bohr proposed the principal Quantum number.
5. What are the limits of azimuthal Quantum number for a given 'n'?
The limits of Azimuthal Quantum number for given n are 0 and (n – 1).
6. What are upper and lower limits of m for l = 4?
For l = 4, the upper limit is +4 and, the lower limit is –4.
7. How many 'm' values are possible for l = 3
The magnetic Quantum number m has (2l + 1) values. If l = 3 ; m has (2 × 3 + 1) = 7 values. seven values are
possible for l = 3 They are –3, –2, –1, 0, +1, +2, +3
8. What is the shape of '1s' orbital?
Shape of '1s' orbital is symmetrically spherical.
9. What is nodal plane?
Nodal Plane: The region or space around the nucleus where the probability of finding the electron is zero is called
"nodal plane" or "nodal region".
10. Write the designations of any two d-orbitals?
d-orbital has five degenerate orbitals. They are designated as dxy ,dyz ,dzx ,dx2-y2 ,dz2
11. How are the three p-orbitals designated?
The three p-orbitals are designated as px, py, pz.
12. What is the unit of electron affinity?
The units of electron affinity are electron volts.
13. What is Zeeman effect?
The atomic spectral lines, in the presence of applied magnetic field, split into several lines.
This phenomenon
is called zeeman effect.
14. State Aufbau principle?
Aufbaus’s principle states that electron occupies the orbital having the least energy.
15. State Pauli’s exclusion principle?
Pauli’s exclusion principle states that no two electrons will have all the four quantum numbers same.

2. CHEMICAL BOND
1. Draw the shape of water molecule (H2O)?
1) Water molecule has 'V'-shape.
2) Oxygen has two lone pair electrons in H2O molecule.
2. Name the two molecules having pyramidal shape? (Or)
Write the names of two atoms having pyramidal shape?
i) Ammonia (NH3)
ii) Phosphorus trichloride (PCl3)
 iii) Phosphine (PH3)
3. What is the shape of ammonia molecule(NH3)? Draw it and explain.
1) NH3 molecule has a pyramidal structure.
2) Three Hydrogens in one plane and nitrogen is above the plane.
3) Nitrogen has one lone pair of electrons in ammonia.
4. Give three examples of molecules having a double bond?
Molecules having a double bond are
i) Ethylene (C2H4)
ii) Oxygen (O2)
iii) Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
5. Give two examples of molecules having a triple bond?
i) acetylene (C2H2)
ii) Nitrogen (N2)
iii) Calcium Carbide (CaC2)
iv) Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN)
6. Name two molecules having p-p overlapping?
(1) Bromine (Br2)
(2) Chlorine (Cl2)
(3) Fluorine (F2)
(4) Oxygen (O2)
7. Which orbitals can form pi (π) bond?
'p' and 'd' orbitals can form pi-bonds.
8. What is the shape of carbon dioxide molecule?
The shape of carbon-di-oxide molecule is linear.
9. Show the electron dot structure of H2 molecule?
The electron dot structure of H2 molecule is
10. What are multiple covalent bonds? Give examples?
"Molecules having double and triple covalent bonds are" called as "multiple covalent bonds".
Eg: 1) Nitrogen molecule (N≡N)
2) Oxygen molecule (O=O)
3) Hydrogen cyanide molecule (H–C≡N)

3. PERIODIC CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS

1. Which group elements can be used as strong reducing agents?
Group - IA and Group - IIA elements can be used as strong reducing agents.
2. On which atomic property is the Mendeleef's periodic table based?
Mendeleef's periodic table is based on atomic weights of the elements.
3. What is oxidation?
Addition of oxygen atom to a compound (or) Removal of hydrogen from
a compound is called oxidation.
4. Explain the relationship between ionisation energy and size of the molecule?
In a period, as the atomic size decreases, hence he ionisation energy increases. In a group, as the atomic size
increases, hence the ionisation energy decreases.
5. What are inner transition elements?
The elements belonging to f-block are called "inner-transition elements
6. Write the general electronic configuration of inert gases?
The general electronic configuration of inert gases is "ns2 np6"
7. Define atomic radius?
The distance between the centre of the nucleus and the outer most orbital of an atom" is defined as atomic radius.
8. Which group of elements have the highest electropositive character?
Group - IA and Group-IIA elements are having the highest electropositive character.
9. State Mendeleef's periodic law?
The physical and chemical properties of the elements are the periodic functions of their atomic weights
10. Define electropositive character?
 The ability of a bonded atom in a molecule to attract the bonded pair of electrons
towards itself is called ''electropositive character

4. ALKALINE EARTH METALS

1. Why ionization values decrease from Be to Ra in IIA group of elements.
Atomic size increases from Be to Ra and there by the distance between the nucleus and valency electron increases.
2. What is the general electronic configuration of alkaline earth metals?
ns2
3. Name the radioactive element among IIA group.
Radium
4* Why KCl or NaCl added to MgCl2 during Mg extraction?
In order to decrease the melting point of MgCl2 and also to increase the conductivity of Electrolyte.
5. How many water molecules present in Epsom Salt.
Seven water molecules.
6. Which substance is used to convert BeCl2 into BeH2.
LiAlH4 (Lithium aluminum hydride).
7. State the metals present in Dolomite?
Calcium and Magnesium.
8. Write the chemical formulae of Magnesite and Carnolite.
Magnesite → MgCO3, Carnalite MgCl2KCl 6H2O

5. SOLUTIONS
1. What is meant by standard solution?
When the concentration of solution is known it is called standard solution.
2. Give one example for each of polar and non-polar solvents? (March-1999)
Polar solvent: Water, non-polar solvent: Kerosene.
3. Define volume percentage?
The volume of solute present in 100 ml of solution is called "volume percentage" V%.
4. Define weight percentage?
The weight of solute present in 100 grams of solution is called weight percentage.
5. What is meant by ionization?
The process of a molecule giving rise to ions is called "Ionization".
6. Define Solubility?
Solubility is defined as the minimum amount of solue by weight in grams dissolved in 100
grams of solvent at
constant temperature.
7. Define Concentration?
Concentration is defined as the amount of solute present in unit volume of solution.It can
be expressed in different
ways.
8. Define molarity?
Molarity is defined as the number of moles (or gram moles) of a solute present in one litre of
solution. It is
represented by the symbol “M”.

6. ACIDS BASES AND SALTS

1. Arrange the following acids in the increasing order of volatility. HCl, H2SO4, CH3COOH? (June-2010)
CH3COOH > HCl > H2SO4
2. Define pH? (June-05, 01, March-05, 99)
The negative logarithm of Hydrogen ion concentration is called pH.
3. Distinguish between H+ and [H+]?
H+ represent hydrogen ion or a proton. Where as [H+] represents the concentration of Hydrogen ions.
4. Write down the balanced equation showing the preparation of zinc hydroxide from zinc oxide? (June-2002)
ZnO + H2O → Zn(OH)2
5. What is heat of neutralisation for a strong acid and strong base? (March-2003)
13.7 K.Cal/mole.
6. What is the nature of a solution whose pH value is 1.
Strong acid.
7. What is the ionic product of water? What is its value at 25 C? 0

The product of concentration of H+ and OH– ions in one mole of water is known as ionic product of water. It is
denoted by the symbol KW. KW = [H+] [OH–] At 25°C KW value is 1.0 × 10–14 mole2/litre2
8. Define heat of neutralization?
The amount of heat liberated when one mole of acid reacts with one mole of base is called
heat of neutralization.
Ex: NaOH + HCl  NaCl + H2O + 13.7 K.Cal/mole
9.Calculate the pH of 0.002M HCl.?
[H+] = 0.002M = 2 × 10–3M
pH = –log[H+] = –log (2 × 10–3)
pH = –[log2+ log10–3] = –[0.3010 + (–3) log10]
= –{0.3010–3} = 2.699

7. CHEMISTRY OF CARBON COMPOUNDS

1. Show the hydrolysis of Aluminium carbide in the form chemical equation.

2* What is polymerisation?
The process in which a large number of smaller molecules combine to from a giant
molecule (polymers) is called polymerisation.
3* What is Catenation?
Catenation is a phenomenon in which atoms of same element join together to form long
chains. Carbon exhibits maximum catenation because of strong carbon-Carbon bonds and tetravalence.
4. What is allotropy?
The Occurrence of same element in two or more different forms is known as allotropy.
5. What are the uses of Acetylene?
6. What is isomerism?
Compounds having same molecular formula but different structures are called isomers and the phenomenon is
called
isomerism.

8. CARBOHYDRATES AND PROTEINS

1. What is Sulphitation? (June 03)
The process of removing the remaining traces of lime by passing SO2 gas through juice is called sulphitation.
2. What is defecation?
The process of addition of lime to precipitate the impurities as well as to neutralise the juice is called defecation.
3. What is Carbonation?
The process of removing excess of lime from the juice by passing CO2 gas is called defecation.
4. What is rectified spirit?
96% alcohol is called rectified spirit.
5. Name the sweetest sugar?
Fructose
6. Which substance is added to prepared denatured spirit?
 Pyridine
7. How many Amino acids are present in Hemoglobin?
574
8. Define calorific value?
The amount of energy made available by the consumption of one gram of a substance is
known as its calorific value.
9. What is bagasse? How is it useful?
The spent cane is called bagasse. It is useful as a fuel in the production of electricity or in
the manufacture of paper
and hardboards.
10. What is press mud?
The precipitates of defecation, carbonation and sulphitation are called Press mud. It is used
as manure.

9. OILS AND FATS

1. What is the hydrogenation of oils?
The process of converting vegetable oils into solid fats in the presence of nickel catalyst and
also by the passage of
H2 gas is called hydrogenation of oils.
2. What is the use of hydrogenation of oils?
Hydrogenation of oils improves preservation, taste and odour of many oils.
3. What is saponification?
Soaps can be directly obtained from oils or fats by hydrolysis in the presence of a base.
This process is called
saponification of oils.
4. Why do shaving soaps give slow drying lather?
Shaving soaps contain considerable proportion of potassium and excess of stearc acid
giving slow drying lather.

10. CHEMISTRY AND INDUSTRY

1. What is the use of adding cullet to the raw materials of glass?
Cullet helps in lowering the melting temperature of raw materials.
2. What are primary nutrients?
Nitrogen, Phosphorous and potassium are the primary nutrients.
3. What is the use of Micronutrients?
Micronutrients are useful for healthy growth of plant its deficiency causes unhealthy
growth.
4. What is annealing?
Glass is passed through a high temperature zone to low temperature zone in a long narrow
chamber by a conveyer belt where it cools slowly giving transparent glass. This process is
called annealing.
(Or)
Rapid cooling of glass in a long chamber to make it transparent as well as hard is known as
annealing.
5. What is cracking?
Cracking is decomposition of bigger hydrocarbon molecules into simple hydrocarbons at
high temperature and pressure using FUNCTIONAL NAME EXAMPLE
catalysts. GROUP
-C - OH ALCOHOL CH3OH
Beryl - Be3 Al2 (SiO3)6 -C- CHO ALDEHYDE CH3CHO
Dolomite - CaCO3.MgCO3 C = O KETONE CH3COCH3
Carnalite - MgCl2.KCl.6H2O -C - COOH ACID CH3COOH
Barytes - BaSO4 -C- O - C ETHER CH3OCH3
- C - NH2 AMINE C3H7NH2
-C – COOR ESTER CH3COOC2H5
Magnesite - MgCO3
Epsom Salt - MgSO4.7H2O

No of C Alkanes CnH2n+2 Alkenes CnH2n Alkynes CnH2n-2

1 Methane CH4 - - - -
NOTE: These questions meant for
2 Ethane C2H6 Ethene C2H4 Ethyne C2H2 students who rush in the last minute.
Still preferred to read before hand.
3 Propane C3H8 Propene C3H6 Propyne C3H4 - Carefully go through all the questions
and try to remember them.
4 Butane C4H10 Butene C4H8 Butyne C4H6 -Please don’t use these papers for
malpractice.
5 Pentane C5H12 Pentene C5H10 Pentyne C5H8 - Surely you will get good marks if you
don’t waste your time and study.
6 Hexane C6H14 Hexene C6H12 Hexyne C6H10
ALWAYS BE AT YOUR BEST