CoE/ARB Workshop

On
“Transition from Analog to Digital (Digital Terrestrial Television:
Trends, Implementation & Opportunities)
Tunisia – Tunis , 12 – 15 March 2012

Session 2:
Network planning aspects:
New generation of DTV: DVB-T, DVB-
T2 and DVB-T2 Lite

mats.ek@progira.com
1
Contents of DVB-T2 Presentations
1. Session 2: Technical Aspects of DVB-T and DVB-T2
2. Session 4: Coverage aspects: Fixed Portable and Mobile Coverage
3. Session 6: Single Frequency networks
4. Session 11: Implementation of DVB-T2

2
Contents of this Presentation

1. DVB-Commercial requirements of DVB-T2

2. System properties for DVB-T2
3. Improvements in DVB-T2
4. Network planning with T2- Some modes and
parameters
5. DVB-T2 Lite- how does it fit in?
6. Comparison DVB-T, DVB-T2 vs ISDB-T!
7. Future of DVB-T2 /Summary

Main Reference is:

EBU Tech 3348
Frequency and
network aspects of
DVB-T2
3
 Requirements

Some DVB-T2 Commercial Requirements

•T2 transmissions must be able to use existing domestic receive antenna

installations and must be able to re-use existing transmitter
infrastructures. This requirement ruled out the consideration of MIMO
techniques which would involve both new receive and transmit antennas.

•T2 should primarily target services to fixed and portable receivers

•T2 should provide a minimum of 30% capacity increase over DVB-T

working within the same planning constraints and conditions as DVB-T

•T2 should provide for improved single-frequency-network (SFN)

performance compared with DVB-T.

4
 Requirements

Some DVB-T2 Commercial Requirements

•T2 should have a mechanism for providing service-specific

robustness; i.e. it should be possible to give different levels of
robustness to some services compared to others. For example,
within a single 8MHz channel, it should be possible to target
some services for roof-top reception and target other services
for reception on portables.

•T2 should provide for bandwidth and frequency flexibility.

•There should be a mechanism defined, if possible, to reduce

the peak-to-average-power ratio of the transmitted signal in
order to reduce transmission costs.

5
 System properties

The DVB-T2 standard

• Driver: Need for more capacity for HDTV services
• DVB approved the DVB-T2 specification in June 2008
– specifies the physical layer of the air interface (like DVB-T)
– does not address receiver requirements
– Video coding and multiplexing not included but will for digital TV/HDTV
services be MPEG-4 AVC (H.264) over MPEG-2 TS
• ETSI standard September 2009
• DVB/ETSI standards/documents related to DVB-T2
– Main DVB-T2 standard, Ref: ETSI EN 302 755 v.1.2.1 (draft v.1.3.1)
– DVB-T2 Modulator Interface (T2-MI), Ref: ETSI TS 102 773
– Implementation Guidelines, Ref: ETSI TR 102 831
– Transmitter identification in SFNs (TX-SIG), Ref: ETSI TS 102 992
– ETSI standards freely downloadable from ETSI:
http://pda.etsi.org/pda/queryform.asp

6
 System properties
DVB-T2 is based upon DVB-T
• OFDM based (thousands of orthogonal carriers)

• Same basic OFDM parameters as DVB-T

– FFT size
– Guard interval allows multipath and SFNs
– Pilot patterns- Receiver channel estimation

• But also many new values, other additions and improvements

• A lot of the signal processing in the receiver is similar to DVB-T

 Chips/receivers can be developed faster thanks to reuse of knowledge
and experience from DVB-T

• From an HW point of view simple to have both DVB-T2 and DVB-T on the
same chip (DVB-T comes for “free”)

 T2 receivers also support DVB-T and today very small difference in price
between T/T2 receivers and DVB-T only receivers
7
 System properties

DVB-T och DVB-T2 use OFDM

Representation of OFDM in
the time-frequency plane

dB 10
OFDM spectrum
0

power spectrum density

-10

-20

-30
2 k mode
-40

-50 8 k mode
Delta= Guard interval
Ts= useful symbol length -60
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

frequency relative to centre frequencyc f MHz

8
 System properties

DVB-T2 Improvements
• 8 Scattered Pilot Patterns
• LPDC error Correction Rates ½, 2/3, ¾ 4/5 and 5/6
• Time interleaving to improve impulse noise robustness
• Extended bandwidth option
• Peak to average power reduction
• Time Frequency interleaving
As answer to the commercial requirements

9
 System properties

Comparison DVB-T and DVB-T2

-Summarized

Source: www.dvb.org

10
 System properties
Bandwidths and frequency bands
• The DVB-T2 specification as such does not specify any
frequency band

• The system is primarily optimised for:

– UHF band IV/V (470-862 MHz),
– But also VHF band III (174-230 MHz),
– L-band (1.5 GHz)
– even higher frequencies are expected to work well

• Specified channel bandwidths (channel raster):

o 8 MHz (typically UHF band IV/V)
o 7 MHz (typically VHF band III)
o 1.7 MHz (same as DAB): typically VHF band III and L-band)
o 6 MHz (e.g. South America, USA and Japan, Philippines etc. )
o 5 MHz (L-band 3 x 1.7 MHz frequency block as in MA02 DAB plan)
o Also a 10 MHz mode for non-consumer use

11
 System properties
DVB-T2 Extended Bandwidth

Extended
BW
Gives
about 400 -
600 kbit/s
extra data
capacity

Theoretical DVB-T2 signal (without filtering) spectrum for guard interval

fraction 1/8 (for 8 MHz channels and with extended carrier mode for 8k, 16k
and 32k)
12
 System properties
DVB-T2 Extended BW
32 k Extended and Normal BW

Detail of theoretical DVB-T2 spectrum for guard-interval fraction 1/8 (for

8 MHz channels)
• At VHF – Problem to meet spectrum mask for DVB-T
• Insignificant change of Adjacent channel Protection Ratio PR (DVB-T2
to DVB-T
13
 System properties
DVB-T2 Extended BW

SPECTRUM MASK FOR DVB-T according to GE06 agreement UHF

 Use of extended Bandwidth for DVB-T2 is not a problem at UHF

14
 System properties

Symbol time (FFT size) and guard interval

• With DVB-T2 the symbol time can be increased by a factor of
– two (16K FFT) and
– four (32K FFT) compared to DVB-T
• Reduces the overhead due to guard interval for a given size of
guard interval (size of SFN)  increased capacity

GI 8K-symbol 25% overhead in DVB-T with maximum guard interval

~6% overhead
GI 32K-symbol
in DVB-T2
• Increases guard interval length and possible size of SFN for a given
percentage GI fraction
• DVB-T2 may also use the same symbol periods as DVB-T (8K, 4K, 2K) and
also a shorter FFT size (1K)
 allows for flexibility for different frequency bands, RF bandwidths, network
types and reception
15
 System properties
DVB-T2 Guard intervals

GI-Fraction
FFT-
size TU [ms] 1/128 1/32 1/16 19/256 1/8 19/128 1/4
GI [us]

32K 3,584 28 112 224 266 448 532 NA

16K 1,792 14 56 112 133 224 266 448
8K 0,896 7 28 56 66,5 112 133 224
4K 0,448 NA 14 28 33,2 56 67 112
2K 0,224 NA 7 14 16,6 28 33 56
1K 0,112 NA NA 7 8,3 14 17 28

Length of Guard interval for DVB-T2 in an 8 MHz channel raster

RED – Option exist in DVB-T

16
 System properties
Flexibility in pilot pattern
• Pilots are needed for receiver channel estimation
• DVB-T has a fixed pattern of scattered pilot cells
• DVB-T2 has 8 different patterns to choose from, depending on
network type and reception conditions (Rooftop, portable or mobile)
• Minimizes pilot overhead

17
 System properties

Flexibility in pilot pattern

• Combination of pilot patterns and modes allowed
Guard interval
FFT size
1/128 1/32 1/16 19/256 1/8 19/128 1/4
PP2 PP2
PP4 PP2 PP2
32K PP7 PP8 PP8 NA
PP6 PP8 PP8
PP4 PP4

PP2 PP2
PP7 PP2 PP2
PP8 PP8 PP1
16K PP7 PP4 PP3 PP3
PP4 PP4 PP8
PP6 PP8 PP8
PP5 PP5

PP8 PP8 PP2 PP2

PP7 PP1
8K PP7 PP4 PP4 PP3 PP3
PP4 PP8
PP5 PP5 PP8 PP8
PP7 PP4 PP2
4K, 2K NA NA NA PP1
PP4 PP5 PP3
PP4 PP2
1K NA NA NA NA PP1
PP5 PP3

18
 System properties
Flexibility in pilot pattern
Capacity loss for different pilot patterns

PP1 PP2 PP3 PP4 PP5 PP6 PP7 PP8 Interpretation

DX 3 6 6 12 12 24 24 6 Separation of
pilot-bearing carriers
DY 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 16 Length of sequence
in symbols
1/DXDY 8,33 % 8,33 % 4,17 % 4,17 % 2,08 % 2,08 % 1,04 % 1,04 % Scattered pilots
overhead

Need to consider when choosing Pilot Pattern (PP):

• Reception mode (fixed, portable or mobile)
• Doppler performance
• Capacity
• FFT size and Guard Interval
• C/N required of selected DT2 mode
• Receiver implementation (PP8 not always implemented in receivers)

19
 System properties
Choice of Pilot Pattern (PP)
• Rooftop reception:
• Rooftop reception with a directional outdoor antenna
• low Doppler environment with few significant reflections
• PP7 has low overhead but less robust to Doppler can be adopted to
maximise capacity.
• Mobile reception:
• High Doppler frequency need to be considered to provide robust reception,
• PP 2, 4 or 6 should be considered.
• Portable reception:
• Doppler need to be considered but low frequency
• Number of options PP3, 4 and 5 and could be considered depending on
required C/N
• If SFN: PP2 may provide a good compromise
• Large area SFNs:
• Need for longer Guard interval
• Pilot pattern
• Trade off between Doppler and Guard Interval length
• PP2 may provide a good compromise.
20
 System properties

Modulation

• T2 has a 256-QAM mode

– Carries 8 bits per data cell(6
bits/data cell for 64-QAM)
– Allows for 33% larger capacity
– The T2 standard also includes
• 64-QAM
• 16-QAM
• QPSK
– … inherited from DVB-T

21
 System properties

Mobile and portable reception

Example of mobile measurements--250 metre in suburban area !

Level
-52
dBm
-54 Measurement
every 5 cm
-56

-58
The Mobile
-60 reception
-62
environment is
very demanding!
-64

-66

2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 Samples

22
 0 dB echo – ”kills” some carriers
10

0
Single path
-10 (0 dB)

RX -20

-30

TX1
-40

-50

TX2 -60

Can occur in -70

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000
SFNs or when Hz
there are
reflections

23
 System properties
Improved robustness
• DVB-T does not include time interleaving and is therefore sensitive
to impulsive interference and time varying channels

• DVB-T2 has support for deep time interleaving and longer symbol
period (32K FFT), which together radically improve the robustness
against impulsive interference
• Time interleaving also allows for much better performance in time
varying channels

• The type of FEC (LDPC) and modulation (rotated constellation) that

T2 has also allows for much better RF performance in difficult radio
environments

24
 System properties

“Rotated constellation”
• Additional modulation stage with so-called
“Rotated Constellation” allows for more
robust reception in extreme radio
environments
• E.g. lots of echoes, part of the signal totally
faded or interfered
• Each constellation point gets unique
projection on both u1 and u2 axes
• Interleaving separates u1 and u2 values
over the air  increased diversity

Constellation Rotation angle (in

Improvement in C/N is about 1-2 dB
degree) depending on Code rate and modulation and
QPSK 29.0 depending on transmission channel
16QAM 16.8
64 QAM 8.6
256QAM 3.6 25
 System properties

Forward Error Correction (FEC)

• DVB-T has a convolutional code + Reed-Solomon
• DVB-T2 has an LDPC code + BCH code
– Same as in DVB-S2 (satellite) and DVB-C2 (cable)
– 6 code rates: 1/2, 3/5, 2/3, 3/4, 4/5, 5/6
– Flexibility to make desired trade-off between capacity and robustness
– Allows for about 30% more capacity for a given robustness
– FEC block size (Nldpc): 64800 bits or 16200 bits

Nbch= Kldpc

Kbch Nbch-Kbch Nldpc-Kldpc

BBFRAME BCHFEC LDPCFEC

(Nldpc bits)

26
 System properties

Time - freqency Interleaving

• Interleaving is of fundamental importance for the RF
performance on non-AWGN channels i.e. for mobile and
portable reception

• DVB-T2 has several interleavers

– Bit interleaver within a FEC block
– Cell interleaver within a FEC block
– Time interleaving within a PLP (e.g. one TV program)
– Frequency interleaving within an OFDM symbol

• The result is that bit errors caused by the channel are equally
distributed among the FEC blocks, and also within FEC blocks
 maximizes error correction ability of the LDPC/BCH code

27
 System properties

Interleaving in DVB-T and DVB-T2

Kmax = 1 704 if 2K
Kmin=0 Kmax = 6 816 if 8K
DVB-T
FEC
FEC .....
FEC .....
.....
FEC .....
..... Single erased OFDM-symbol
.....
.....
.....
.....  Bit errors
.....
.....
.....
.....
.....
.....
FEC .....
.....
.....
.....
.....
TPS pilots and continual pilots between Kmin and Kmax are not indicated
boosted pilot
data
Kmax = 1 704 if 2K
Kmin=0 Kmax = 6 816 if 8K

DVB-T2
.....
.....
.....
.....
.....
.....
..... Single erased OFDM-symbol
Time FEC
.....
.....
.....  Can be corrected!
.....
.....
.....
.....
.....
.....
.....
.....
.....
.....
TPS pilots and continual pilots between Kmin and Kmax are not indicated
boosted pilot
data 28
 System properties
Performance for modulation and FEC
close to theoretical limits
Capacity Performance

• Capacity limits for a 10,00

channel with white 9,00

noise (AWGN) 8,00

– With LDPC 7,00

Effective bits per Cell

coding T2 can 6,00
come close to
the theoretical 5,00

limit 4,00

3,00

• Typically a 30% gain 2,00

in capacity 1,00
compared to DVB-T
for a given required 0,00
0,0 5,0 10,0 15,0 20,0 25,0 30,0
C/N C/N

DVB-T2 QPSK DVB-T2 16-QAM DVB-T2 64-QAM

DVB-T2 256-QAM Shannon Limit BICM Limit

29
 System properties
Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR)
• An OFDM signal is “noise-like” and has large dynamic power
variations (high PAPR)

• Amplifiers have however a maximum peak power level

– Output signals that would normally require a power level above
the maximum level will be clipped!
– This causes intermodulation (in-band distortion + out-of-band
radiation)

• A very significant “back-off” (>10 dB!) is therefore required in

transmitters in order to reduce intermodulation
– Amplification is reduced in order not to cause clipping of the
amplified signal
– Full potential of the transmitter cannot be exploited

30
 PAPR reduction
• Idea: Add a peak compensating waveform that reduces the
peaks
– Transmitted_signal = Original_signal + peak compensating
waveform
• With DVB-T2 there are two different methods available to
reduce the PAPR
– Tone Reservation (TR)
– Active Constellation Extension (ACE)
• Both methods generate a peak-compensating signal, but in
different ways
– TR: 1% of carriers are dedicated for this
– ACE: Border constellation points are “extended” away
• Advantages: Less complex transmitters and/or less
intermodulation in transmitted signal, but some reduction in
data rate (TR) or C/N performance (ACE)

31
 Transmitter diversity – MISO/Alamouti
• T2 includes a possibility (option) that the transmitters in an SFN transmit
different signals (type A or type B), but with the same information, via so-
called MISO-Alamouti coding
• With MISO/Alaomouti coding type A and type B signals add constructively so
the frequency selective fading may be avoided
• Without this functionality the channel may look like a strong-echo channel 
makes reception more difficult
• This improves coverage in areas where both transmitters can be received
with similar strength. However...
– ... MISO requires double pilot overhead
– ... does not provide any gain with type A + type A or type B + type B combination

h1 h2
So , S1 -S1* S0*

TX2
TX1 RX
Type B
Type A

32
 Capacity increase in DVB-T2
• DVB-T2 allows for typically about 50% higher capacity for fixed
reception than DVB-T (for a given coverage)
– Exact increase depends on precise configuration of T2 parameters
• Example:
– DVB-T today in Sweden: 22 Mbit/s on UHF (8 MHz bandwidth)
– DVB-T2 can provide about 33 Mbit/s (+50%) on UHF with the same
basic coverage as DVB-T
• Capacity on VHF somewhat lower
– VHF bandwidth is 7 MHz
– VHF has larger SFN areas  requires a larger guard interval
– However, VHF has a better link budget  may be possible to
increase code rate/capacity (Finland SFN Code Rate 5/6)
– Normal Bandwidth is used at VHF (normally)

33
 Capacity in DVB-T2
60

50

40
Bitrate (Mbit/s)

Maximum
30
Recommended

20

10

0
1/2 3/5 2/3 3/4 4/5 5/6 1/2 3/5 2/3 3/4 4/5 5/6 1/2 3/5 2/3 3/4 4/5 5/6 1/2 3/5 2/3 3/4 4/5 5/6
4-QAM 16-QAM 64-QAM 256-QAM
Constellation and code-rate

Maximum bitrate and bitrate for recommended configuration

with 8 MHz bandwidth and 32K PP7
34
DVB-T/T2 Parameters - GiraPlan interface

Large number of
options in DVB-T2!

35
C/N QEF Valid for DVB-T2 PP2 32k Normal BW GI 1/8 DVB-T/T2 C/N values
Required C/N for
Gaussian 0 dB echo
DVB-T BER=2 10-4 after Viterbi
Code C/N C/N (quasi error-free after Reed-
Constellation Raw Values C/N Rice channel @
Rate Gauss Rayleigh Without implementation
AWGN) 90% GI Solomon)
margin of about 3 dB
Modulation Code Gaussian Ricean Rayleigh
QPSK 1/2 1.0 3.0 3.2 4.0 4.7
Rate channel channel channel
QPSK 3/5 2.2 4.2 4.4 5.5 6.3 (F1) (P1)
QPSK 2/3 3.1 5.1 5.4 6.9 7.9 QPSK 1/2 3.1 3.6 5.4
QPSK 3/4 4.1 6.1 6.4 8.2 9.3
QPSK 4/5 4.7 6.7 7.0 9.1 10.4
QPSK 2/3 4.9 5.7 8.4
QPSK 5/6 5.2 7.2 7.6 9.9 11.5
QPSK 3/4 5.9 6.8 10.7
16-QAM 1/2 6.2 8.2 8.4 9.7 10.4

16-QAM 3/5 7.6 9.6 9.8 11.3 12.2 QPSK 5/6 6.9 8.0 13.1
16-QAM 2/3 8.9 10.9 11.1 12.8 13.8
QPSK 7/8 7.7 8.7 16.3
16-QAM 3/4 10.0 12.0 12.4 14.5 15.8

16-QAM 4/5 10.8 12.8 13.2 15.8 17.3 16-QAM 1/2 8.8 9.6 11.2
16-QAM 5/6 11.3 13.3 13.8 16.5 18.4
16-QAM 2/3 11.1 11.6 14.2
64-QAM 1/2 10.5 12.5 12.8 14.6 15.5
64-QAM 3/5 12.3 14.4 14.7 16.4 17.5 16-QAM 3/4 12.5 13.0 16.7
64-QAM 2/3 13.6 15.7 16.0 17.8 19.2
64-QAM 3/4 15.1 17.2 17.5 19.9 21.5
16-QAM 5/6 13.5 14.4 19.3
64-QAM 4/5 16.1 18.2 18.8 21.5 23.5 16-QAM 7/8 13.9 15.0 22.8
64-QAM 5/6 16.7 18.9 19.3 22.5 25

256-QAM 1/2 14.4 16.5 16.9 19.0 20.1 64-QAM 1/2 14.4 14.7 16.0
256-QAM 3/5 16.7 18.9 19.1 21.2 22.6
64-QAM 2/3 16.5 17.1 19.3
256-QAM 2/3 18.1 20.3 20.6 22.8 24.6
256-QAM 3/4 20.0 22.4 22.7 25.3 27.5 64-QAM 3/4 18.0 18.6 21.7
256-QAM 4/5 21.3 23.8 24.2 27.3 30.3
64-QAM 5/6 19.3 20.0 25.3
256-QAM 5/6 22.0 24.6 25.0 28.8 33.1
64-QAM 7/8 20.1 21.0 27.9
-About 4-6 dB better than DVB-T
-In particular at difficult Reception environment 36
 Implementation Scenarios

Examples: Fixed Rooftop Reception

Fixed rooftop Fixed rooftop Fixed rooftop
Fixed rooftop
reception reception (maximum reception
Implementation reception
MFN coverage area Limited area SFN
Large area SFN
(UK mode) extension) (GE06 Allotment)

Scenario 1 2 3a 3b
Bandwidth 8 MHz 8 MHz 8 MHz 8 MHz
FFT mode 32K 32K 32K 32K
Carrier mode Extended Extended Extended Extended
Scattered Pilot
PP7 PP2 PP4 PP2
Pattern
1/128 1/8 1/16 1/8
Guard interval (448 µs)
(28 µs) (224 µs) (448 µs)
Modulation 256 QAM 16QAM 256 QAM 256 QAM
Code rate 2/3 2/3 2/3 2/3
C/N 18.9 dB 11.0 dB 19.6 dB 20.0 dB
Data rate 40.2 Mbit/s 16.7 Mbit/s 37 Mbit/s 33.4 Mbit/s
Source EBU Tech 3348
37
Examples Portable and Mobile Reception
portable
portable portable portable and mobile
portable reception mobile
reception reception mobile reception
Implemen- reception (maximum reception
(maximum (optimum reception (common usage of MUX by
tation (maximum coverage Band III
date rate, spectrum Band III different services)l
date rate) area (alternative)
alternative) usage)
extension)
Scenario 4a 4b 5 6 7a 7b 8
high data low data
rate rate
Bandwidth 8 MHz 8 MHz 8 MHz 8 MHz 1,7 MHz 1,7 MHz 8 MHz
FFT mode 16K 32K 16K 16K 4K 4K 8K

Carrier mode Extended Extended Extended Extended Normal Normal Extended

Scattered
Pilot PP3 PP4 PP3 PP1 PP2 PP1 PP2
Pattern

Guard 1/8 1/16 1/8 1/4 1/8 1/4 1/4

interval (224 µs) (224 µs) (224 µs) (448 µs) (278 µs) (555 µs) (224 µs)
Modulation 64 QAM 64 QAM 16 QAM 64 QAM 16 QAM 16 QAM 64 QAM 16 QAM
Code rate 2/3 2/3 1/2 2/3 1/2 1/2 2/3 1/2
C/N 17.1 dB 17.1 dB 9.0 dB 17.5 dB 9.4 dB 9.4 dB 17.5 dB 9.4 dB
22,4 Mbit/s 11,2 Mbit/s
Data rate 26,2 Mbit/s 27,7 Mbit/s 13,1 Mbit/s 22,6 Mbit/s 2,5 Mbit/s 2,2 Mbit/s
(max) (max)
Source: EBU Tech 3348: Overview of the Portable and
Mobile Implementation Scenarios 38
DVB-T2 SFN

39
DVB-T2 SFN

40
 Physical Layer Pipes (PLPs)
• Input bit streams to DVB-T are always MPEG-2 Transport Streams
• Input streams to DVB-T2 are also always MPEG-2 Transport Streams
– But may also be Generic Streams (arbitrary bit streams)
• Every input stream is carried by the corresponding Physical Layer Pipe
(PLP) in DVB-T2
• The streams carried in the PLPs may have a variable bit rate
• 1-255 input streams/PLP:s (one or more services per PLP)
• Statistical multiplexing over several PLPs is possible
• Every PLP can get its own robustness (code rate + modulation) but not
FFTsize
• PLPs may be sent in a busty way  allows for power saving in mobile
devices (“time slicing”)
• Signalling data which is common for several PLPs may be sent in a
dedicated PLP (“Common PLP”)

41
 Advantages with multiple PLPs
• Possibility to reach different kinds of
receivers and reception conditions
with a single RF signal
– HDTV to roof-top directional antennas in
PLPs with ”normal” robustness PLPs
– Mobile receivers with robust PLPs

• Possibility to prioritize robustness for

selected ”high-priority” services 
prioritized services (e.g. public
service) will ”last longer” in bad
reception conditions

• Capacity and coverage can be further

improved by Time Frequency Slicing
(TFS), which uses multiple PLPs
– Each PLP is frequency hopping over
several RF channels  increased
frequency diversity

• …BUT different FFT size not allowed

42
 Flexible frame structure for DVB-T2
• DVB-T has a fixed frame structure without special symbols
• DVB-T2 has a very flexible frame structure
Dummy cells

L1 auxiliary
P1 Common PLPs data PLPs, type 1 data PLPs, type 2
sign. streams

Complete T2-frame

Typically 200-250 ms

Time
OFDM symbols
P2 P2 D D D D
P1 1 K 1 2 3 L
PLP PLP
PLP PLP
Cell index PLP PLP M1+1 PLP M1+1
M1+M2 M1+1
M1+M2 PLP
1 M
1 M1+M2

Complete T2-frame

L1-pre signaling TYPE 1 data PLP’s (1…M1) Common PLP’s Dummy cells

L1-post signaling TYPE 2 data PLP’s (M1+1… M1+M2) Auxiliary streams

43
 Future Extension Frames (FEFs)
• A mechanism that allows a future system to be sent as “Future
Extension frames” in T2 time slots
• No restrictions in the allowed content of the FEF
• FEF may use DVB-T2 Lite (mobile, specified subset of DVB-T2)
• Will e.g. allow future transmission of the DVB Next Generation
Handheld (DVB-NGH) standard currently developed by DVB

• The FEF mechanism does not exist in DVB-T

• Allows flexible capacity allocation to fixed and mobile services

by adjusting the size of T2 frame and FEF

T2-Lite T2-Lite
or or
DVB-NGH DVB-NGH
frame frame

T2 FEF T2 T2 FEF T2
P1 P1 P1 P1 P1 P1

44
 DVB-T2 lite

Mobile reception
• The commercial focus on DVB-T2 is primarily on
stationary reception (and HDTV) , but DVB-T2 is also
designed to work well in mobile/handheld conditions
– deep time interleaving
– supports power saving by time slicing
– enables the introduction of “T2-Lite” or DVB-NGH services via Future
Extension Frames (FEF)
– T2-Lite is part of the DVB-T2 standard (from v.1.3.1)
– DVB-NGH is based on DVB-T2

45
 DVB-T2 lite
DVB-T2 lite – some details
• Reduced complexity  smaller silicon size (-50%) and lower power
consumption

DVB-T2-Lite specification include:

• A maximum bitrate of 4 Mbits/sec for each service

• Limitations on the FFT size to exclude the 1K and 32K carrier modes
• Prohibition of the use of rotated constellations in 256-QAM
• Possibility for only short FEC frames (Nldpc = 16200)
• Limitation of the size of the time interleaver memory (approximately
half the size of normal DVB-T2).
• two new LDPC error control code rates, 1/3 and 2/5 more options for
mobile reception
• Through use of FEF allowing different FFT size and Guard interval in
transmissions
• T2 lite signal ignored by normal DVB-T2 receiver

46
 DVB-T2 Lite – Mobile DVB-T2 lite

• Subset of DVB-T2 Basic + new options

• Not better than T2- Basic! (but new options)
• Mix of FFT sizes in different PLPs
• Competitor/Replacement for DVB-H (and possibly DAB using 1.7 MHz
option)
Effective Modulation
LDPC
LDPC Rate
Code
Kldpc/16 QPSK 16-QAM 64-QAM 256-QAM
identifier
200
1/3 1/3    
2/5 2/5    
1/2 4/9    
3/5 3/5    
2/3 2/3    NA

3/4 11/15    NA

NOTE:  means that this combination may be used with or without constellation rotation
 means that constellation rotation shall not be used for this combination
NA means that this combination shall not be used

Table I.4: Combinations of modulation, code rate for which

rotated constellations may be used for data with T2-mobile profile
47
 The DVB-T2 network

Transmission chain for DVB-T2 with

Modulator interface ETSI Specification
This will make it possible to create identical signal and
allow time synchronisation of transmitters in the SFN.

At each In short the MI specification makes it possible to split the

transmitter T2 modulator allowing that the identical bit streams can
Centrally positioned site be transferred to all the transmitters in the SFN.

Interface D
Interface A Interface B “TS”
Interface C
“TS” “T2-MI” “DVB-T2”
Input SS4: SS5:
programme SS3: T2 MPEG
SS1:
signals T2 Demodulator Decoder
Video/
SS2: Modulator
audio
Basic T2-
coders and
Gateway
statistical
multiplexer SS3: SS4: SS5: Decoded
T2 T2 MPEG output
Centralised coding,
multiplexing and Modulator Demodulator Decoder programme
Input distribution signals
programme
signals SS1: …
Video/
audio
Distribution SS4: SS5:
coders and
network T2 MPEG
statistical RF
Demodulator Decoder
multiplexer channel
Optional multiple
coding & multiplexing T2 receiver
48
 DVB-T2 vs ISDB-T
DVB-T/T2 vs ISDB-T
Parameter ISDB-T (Japan) ISDB-T (Brazil) DVB-T DVB-T2
Standard ARIB STD-B31 ABNT NBR15601 EN 300 744 EN 302 755

Date first May 2001 November 2007 March 1997 September 2009
published
Modulation COFDM COFDM COFDM COFDM

Modes QPSK, 16QAM, QPSK, 16QAM, QPSK, 16QAM, QPSK, 16QAM,

64QAM, DQPSK 64QAM, DQPSK 64QAM 64QAM, 256QAM
Guard interval 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/4, 19/256, 1/8, 19/128,
1/32 1/16, 1/32, 1/128
Bandwidth 6 (8) 6 (8) 5, 6, 7, 8 1.7, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10

FEC Convolutional Convolutional Coding Convolutional LPDC + BCH 1/2,

Coding + Reed + Reed Solomon Coding + Reed 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8
Solomon 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8 Solomon
1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6,
1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8
7/8
Picture coding MPEG 2 MPEG 4 MPEG2 and MPEG2 and MPEG4
MPEG4
Capacity 0 0 0 +30-67%
increase

Table from Presentation by Multichoice* 49

 DVB-T2 vs ISDB-T
DVB-T/T2 vs ISDB-T
• DVB-T2 seem to technically outperform ISDB-T on almost every point

BUT..

• Some “Advantages” of ISDB-T

• Mobile reception in same multiplex use of 1 segment mode
(now of course also possible with T2)
• Mobile Receivers are available today – but of course mobile
receivers for T2 are coming very soon.
• Choice of system is sometimes also political!

• Chinese Digital TV system standard DTMB will present a new

DTMB-A , which is a similar to DVB-T2- but probably has a few years to
implementation

50
 DVB-T2 Future?
•Dual mode Transmitters (DVB-T//T2) are available
•Cost difference T /T2 receivers very small

•DVB-T2 (T2 lite) better than DVB-H for handheld reception!!

•DVB-T2 to “replace” DVB-H?

•DVB-T2 with 1.7 MHz BW to replace T-DAB

•Multiple PLP:s- common infra structure for Radio and TV?
•Countries starting digital should consider DVB-T2, “no point” to start
DVB-T today !
•Only DVB-T2 in GE06 frequency plan in a few years?

51
 DVB-T and DVB-T2 worldwide

Source: www.digitag.org
52
thank you!
and
questions?
Mats Ek
mats.ek@progira.com