E.C.BEHTUENIb, J.A.OBYAPOB IIPURJAJHBIE B3AJAYH TEOPHU BEPOATHOCTEM © MOCKBA PAAMO HW CBA3b- 1983 BBK 22171 B29 YK 519.212 B29. Bentmeas E. C., Oswapos Jl. A. Tipuxaazunie saaain reopim Repostaocrell. — M.: Paano w cns3s, 1983. — 416 ¢., 1. Ronep. t p. 60 ruse papi Senaceme apart, eae OGpeaca a ESeasum, deodtonmase an pean BBK 22.171 5178 Pexeuseur axagenux AM YCCP B. B, THE AEH KO Peaaxtun anteparypur no xuGepworine W numcaureannok Texte © Hanarenscrao O c= + eR) (1.0.1) wsaneren Seckonexsun n cectermkM (ero aAeueNTIE HenbSH nepenyKepoDAT® ORI ‘DYFaM). ‘Tia uioxecwa Au B coenadoum (hau sxwuoaneurt), ea ont eoczoxr ua loner W Tex xe siteMentow (Cosilamwutte Mnoaceers cOosHauaeren A= B). Hanpye Mop, MHowectRo Kopiteh. ypanscnun 2° — Se} 4s= 0 connanaer © MmOwecT#OW. {iy 4} (2 tawee c Mzoxccraox {4, 1). Sanneh ac A oanewaer: OCLekr a apascrea onewottrom wmoxeeraa A; mas, apyrinin exouan, a npwusdseceum A, Sariicn a @ A onmaser: o6tekT @ He BNA: ‘fen oneneuros mnoncera A~ Cry > Puc. 10.4 Mycmacn anoccecotos ngoupseven wsomeeT90, ne coxepmamice DX o3ror0 Sae- eu; oe edoanevre conan. pana unoricezy "ane Magen #9. ‘Spunaanaoropux (2, ¥) yaoasetbopsion vepanencmmy tyes =f, aaseren tyerane (ye y=. Bee nyeiwe wuoxecwa suomvanelcaa APyP 2094 Pinonecmno B aatmnacren nodanoscecmanse (warren) uwoxectsa A, snementis B coaepikared Take x » A; o6osnanctne BS A (7 Moy a ee Ee oe 00g Uren 100} (oe BO} ST ‘Curterck, ro nyeroe mHOKeeTBO AOAKeIEK SACTHIO s¥GorO MEOMEETBA A: oSA. Bauoweane soomecrs uomuo erase xsoCpaxate ¢ rosousio reowerpHtec- oll uarepnperanin; » stOM ezyaae sileMeNTaNi MHOMECTS SBASIOTER TOE Ha NICE Roem (OM, pte. 1.0.1, Te MHOmeeTBO.B gBTAeTER wacrHIO AOReCTRA A). Foeduienuen (eynuof) waoxKeems Ay B uaaupacrea ynomocro C= Ab By cocronmee ia acet Sncwteuron it noex anoneitzon 2 {8 Tow wtiene Tex, ROTOPRE punagaencar w A, B). Kopove: oGueamitcune sbyx soxicers —~ 30 coucxyanocrs, sHeucuros, npiiagrexauna xome Ow oOvouy #3 wrx. Tipynepur {L, 2)... 100) -+ SEND, Bly aarp 200} Ly 2yny 200} Ey By ey LOD} > Uy 2y wy LDQOG— 41,2, oor, 1000}: (1, 3)". 100) tg 11, }. Wsodpancexe Saeaunenis AByx wxoazecra An’ xazo wa pe. 1.0.3: dcx aamrpixoneymas o6ancrt ect A+B. ‘Auatoraano ompeseaseren OGrextMenue aKoGoro waeaa MBOMeSTR: Ay “> Aly} check An 3 Ai cers mowecrno, cocrommtee us peex anewentod, BxORAMUEX xoTM ur w onwo ne uncscecrs Ay, An, Pacousrpnunores raKice opens Geekor wesmoro (esermore) sneze amomects SY Ay = Agch A bu ot Am os Tlpmeps 1.2) 2, S}b OG, AYE och (Re — 1) oe Uy 2 Be on eve {Flaten (ipometasiney nbectY AWB waht nese D = a Be crontsea un nuceonson, xoxeaers 94 coupenenra hh ain Be Hoss 1 2s vees 00} + 200} = {50, 51, .... 100}; (1, 2, ..., 100} + UL, 2, 1000) 43 B 100}; {1 2, -.., 100} Hsofipaxenne nepeccxenrs smmowtecre Aw pam ne pnAnsaornauo oupenenaeren uepecerenue snoGoro wKena wHoxcers. Mroxecrmo Aye Age A BXORAMMX oANOEPeMeHTHO BO Ree Avy Aay ony Ane Onpeneneaite pacupocrpaunerea 1 na Gecxouesoe (eveTHoe) wuen0 Il Ay coctour us saewenros auomecra: TAs cers unoxeerno, cocroamiee ma exexens0u, sxoRmu oRvoupeMEH- Ho Bo wee muomeern® Asy Agy va Ans Muoxecrsa AH B mgsuiRarorea uenepeceramuuucs, econ ux nepecevenne ects hyctoe muoxcecrse: A. B = gi, 7.c. ree ni oatloro smemeuva, BxonmuerO HB A, BF (pwc. 1.0.4). Ha pre. 1.0.5 acbpanceno kcckom.xo nonapso wesepeceXaloluixca SOS CB Pas, 105 Puc, £08 104 jy TEE Mt MOK pe samen oGuunor® yotoments, sax - 9 mpoussec cost ‘mi_uaceo.onyenaeren, ‘Stix snowewrapusx esenenuh no veopxi somecTs AecTaToINO 4am Toro, wTOG oassosarven teopernsKo-MilonecrbeHson exexok HczpoeRunN Teopltt sepontioctel Tyerh mpoushowsves Hexoropaih one (ekewepunenn, Meuurante), pesyabTar oroporo Sapuutee Honanecren, eayoaew. PaccNorpu wiorxeereo @ ncex susnOmntre uexoyoe omatra: Kavexial ero atedteat & € © (oxi oTgenBytist exon onira) CyseM Nasuiwate saeaenmapnes codnimued, @ Bee MlomeTBO — npoempanciaas sAe- enmapwst cobumun. Hojonomectba niioxcersa O wasksnawren covemaame (AA Eiyvainsnum coburn): meGoe eabummue A 9x0 Uosnidostecroo watoxectna Aco. Tipmmep: omer cocrowr » Gpgcaummy urpaznsoit kocrH*?, npocrpancrso acne ‘apm codurith B= {1.'2) 3, 4.5, 6}; coourne A— mupagemie erHore weve duxos; A= (2, 4, 6}; 4 GO! B uacrnocrs, somo paccstarnieat» cobwrne (Gent axctoe sinehsecino Ser chee coberweHuce NoNOAeLtDE}, OND HasbIBaeTER Bocmoeepinacobeumuen (oeyuteerTeaneTes ph moGoM omice, 7. ¢- rapepasna). Ko Beeuy mpoctpancray © asteestrapnirx cobweni AoanaReTeR ele nyeTO® XHOAECTEO @; 910 nwornects0 7OXC PACEETPUNECTEA RAK COUNTHE H HaAKRCTEN NEBISHOSENGLN cobumuen (0 peayairare ansrra aio. Ho uONeT HpOnsOATH). Lipsey AoeTOBED HATO coguria: (okinaxerHe ne Goss G OuNOD ph Gpocarion expansion Koen}, MPAMED Neuosstowetora conurua: {ounazenue 7 oukou kp Spocalten srpaabuol Roe). Santer, aTo steuerrapiize eoSurHA 9 OXON M FoM Ike Ontete NOMNO. S8A0UTe no-paavouy; Hanpunep, np cxtyaaitxon Opocattn TouRY a npgeKOeTH TOONS Toukit MoxGio saagare RAK TApOH AEKApRODEE KOOPAURET (8, 9), FAR I TApOH HO zapmex (0, @)- Henepeceramomnecs co6wrx A, B (raxwe wr AB — £) wasunotoren secde- _acomatxth; Hoxeaene oxoro 19 Hine HeRsowaet nomaaene xpyrero. HeckoaiKo LoCuTHH Ay, Ags ny An WaDubanoTeH onapr mecoastecminust [a POET Ree ecrunte), ect idspheiwe Karkaoro 11a HHX WeKiHotaer NonB.teNHe KerKNOTO M3 Toaopar, 70 necromsKo coGuTnl Ay, Agy An eo pasyon noni eppnny, can 8 Ar = 9 1. ae eynma cers nocrvepuoe osurne (ay eaos4ie, 8 *) spam woetso wasksaerem ejGus, 8 rpannx xoroporo naueces 1, 2 9, 4,8, 8 rolex (unt Sonam). ee ° 7 : geoyturace omuna wexpouenna npowsolier ago Ga. gine, wd a3). Ipnwen: ‘om: — Gpoca:ine urpaneiion xoctiy, coGuran A — (1, 2); B= (2, 3, 4) HO =14, 5, 6} oGpaayer noaayo spynny: A ~~ B + C= 1, 2, 3, 4, 8 6} = a. enone axcwoNne TeopiMe sepostnocTeR. LyeTe Kamionty Codwriia erasures cooraeteme ilexoropoe 4uca0, atguinaeMoe sepoamnacmers coGemuia, Reponthoers conan A ual Gyten oGostanars P (4)*), NorpebyeM, vroGue Repaszocsh coburn ‘YaoBreTAOpATK cxexyOMWN AKCHOMAM: 1. Beposmnoenn axboro cofumus A saresena veacdy Wysest u eOunayed: osPUsh 1.0.4) Il, Axcnows caoenna sepostuoered: eciu A x B necosnecmawe coowmus, mo P(A + B) = P(A) P OB), (1.0.3) Axexow (1.0.8) epaay aGosuaeren a sptoe Koucwtloe eHeao coGwTHfls eos Ay, Agy ven Ay — Hecoowecmiie cofene, mo Pp ( x a) & PU. IIT, Axcuowa croxeuus neposmmocrett nas GeekoueuoR uociesosareapuoert coors eca dy, Agy ony Ary one — Necoesecmnese coGramUe, a0 “(Ss Axccnoms: Toopam nepoxtioeTeH: noanovanT DUsEeAATL NepoATHOCTH aIOGNX co- Giursli (ronmnoxcora npoesparicrna Q) ¢ NowoMIAD deposoerch sacwen7apwy cosutamt (ecaM Hx KoweNToe mam eserHoe wwez0). Bonpoc 0 To, KaK onpexeanTs hepostroern azexerapnx cofura, np sTox He pacewarpyeaetez. Ha FyaKtnKs ‘Oki oupeaeasiores siu60 > cooGpaxelmal, ebaaasiix ¢ cuuerpael cura (HALE Mep, Aas euoarepusion urpaakiol KocTH ecTocTUeNO CUITaTE OIUHAKOBO BepoRT- UM Bunagenre Karol nS rpauel), si2H we Za OCUONe OMEITHUX zaNMbx (4aCrON), Jas onuros, odaszaomex cumnerpHel posMonutix wexozos, dpunenneres cro: co6 ‘uenocpescroenioro pulieaenua vepotmioctell coOwINil % Tax wasssaenoh exene cayanes (auae — cxene pa), Sor euoco8 ocORAM Na AON AeATIN © pzBNc~ Repormiten (pasronoswoxocr) srexerrapiis cof. Hecker extn fn Ag, vy Aq MADLINBIOTCR pantoenauooeusy, COIN D CHAy clarnerpun yeronn! onteraprieane orux cour, noponracer wx omeuaxona:P (Ay) = F (Ay) Ecam 3 kaxow-to omsre npoctpancroo uenenrapnuix cobiaral Q somo mper- (tanith B puxe HOAFOR rpynims HeconMeCTAGIE Hl PasHoBESMOMAKX LOGI Wy, ye + Gp, 70 TaKKE COOWTHA HasnbaIOTeH caywaste (RAN MAHCANH), A MPO CaN OORT ‘bop, ao ow eaodumen exexe caper (exe ¥20). ual oy Nasuadeteddaneonpuamia cOfwrdon A, conn om aezaeren are mentaw wronecrea A: 0 © A. "Tax Rax Cay"aH Oy, 8g) uy Oy COPARYIOT HOARY FPYNTY cowTA, TO ‘ax xox aneuentapne coats, exon aera So) °f sa oe at Caos) toa ork 3 es ae ‘mienenmex siewentos muoxxecTaa, ont Gyzem ND Samer RepOSTHOSTHE ROaBsOBaTI~ cone Epyraiona, 2 guurypnics cxoGxan, manpunep PLst+y2<2}. (1.0.4) 1.0.5) Piao. Speyer. (2)‘Tax wax sueheturapsate coOM EM Gy, tp, skayygoro Uo HMR OnEA H Ta me m pass Ue P (o.) = P (0) =.= P (on) = He Orcexa nenoepererweio mureKact 7A kanunaenas gasccuteaca opaysa Jag sopommocin coouTEm: ceau onan coodumen Reexene CapNaea, Mo a¢peMmocm® (otamis Ae smex vasine AOxeHO eatucnu me no dapayae Ba (A) = main, 0.06) rae mig — weno exysaes, GaarompnnnEsix coGure A; H — oGmee wierd cxyseeo. Gopuyas (10.6), mpwanasmaacs xorae-ro aa onpererenne nepostHoctH, pa conpeugnion skeuoHariseekow Monsoxe cory exetebus ACLOML CHD Beposuocreli. +s @y pantonosyorts, To BepoaTHocT e%, Pus 106 Pus, 107 Paccworpuas upwnep. B ype daxoaures 8 Geax uA nepiuex aiapa, TmaTemEHo nepeneuraniuix. Hs ypin Heytag suOupaerce onux wep. [locrponts un store ous ‘ta UpoerpenleTRa aaeslonTapHhix cOORTU H Halltn BepomTHOCTE coSuTHG A —= {RYT Geutsh Mep}. fLaH 91DFe Repenysiepyen map B_ypuE HoMepaNN OF 1 xo 7; MepBLIE ‘pH mapa — Gere, MocmoAsHe semupe — vepuste: = 1,2,5,4,5,6,7}:A = (12,3) B city cuverpun yenonnd senaun orocuresano weex mapoa (wap euGupacten enayragy) sleeurapiuse coBsTus pasososuoxuKL, Tak KAK OWS MecoBMeCTHES It ‘ospasyior Homuyie tpynay, Bepostuocrs coGeirn A xalizeten no Gopuyae (1.0.6): Pld) = myn ait ‘@opwyna (1.0.6) Aaet oswoRHOcTh B NeKoTOpLAX aaAaeAX, KOTAA omer OG nace cuaMeTpHeR BosMOXKEMX wexOOD, MenlocpsyeTHeNliO NO yemONWAM ONLETA Bi TeagTs pepostsocr. coBuLui, Ectecrseasu oGoOmesuent a paculipedent denocpenctaesworo noxctera nepo- angers b ckeNe cayiaes smazereR eheoKerpHyeckiils OAXOL BUNKEACHMO pepoatioctell codurai; om mpnenneren Tovaa, xoTal Upoctpaucrgo teeNTapnine coburn © bKamAseT HecteTHO® MNOKecTUO SueweNTayHNX cOOUTHL OD, My Ho yenownsN cHMACeTpHHE oMETA, WuKaKOe no HIRX Ke HMeet UpeRUyeeTia Heped ApyLinuMt B cece ROSMOARHOCTH noSB.xeHNA®?. lycth MpocrpancTao sewen Tapes eoGwrni GQ — Raxag-To oGaacrs Ha mAoesocTw (pwe. 1.0.6), 2 sxeMeHTapawe CoG ‘iis @ — oraeduulue TOWE B pereaax sTON oGuacrH. Beni onuir oGaagier cHNMeT- Pel noaworRT exoues (RanpIp, KaxoH-ro eroutanie OOSORT CHAYFRL Gpo- eaeres 8 mpenetax obiuert), To Bce SaeacertTapmue coOUTKA KeIt}; Dy = (xors Gu onan certian neKansen). 5) Onur — nepexava tpex coobmerini no Kataay eaasn; coGuraa: Ey = {sce tpi coodmenns nepexarar Ges omnbox); Eq = {ece mpi cooGmenux nepenamr ¢ ounGami); Ey cooGmenns nepestatsr ¢ omnGxanm, onK0 Ges owuGOK).. Orper: 1) aa, 2) ner, 3) na, 4) sa, 5) ner. 1.2. Ornocateabno Kaxtok Tpynmx coOkrnk omer Ha Ronpoc, seRAOTeA mt OH B AAAHOMT OMMITE RECOBMECTHENN (1a, 11), 1) Onsrr — 6pocanue monerss; coGeris: A, = {rep6}; Ay = {peua). 2) Oimar — Gpocantle asyx wouter; cosarua: By = {rep ta neppolt mouere}; B, = {rep6 ua Bropoh wouere}.Awa BNeTpeTA NO KEN; coORTHR: it ORKOTO monaAantsst}; (onHO nonamaHKe}; {ua nonananua}. 4) Tor ase omy; coGurrua: Dy = {oxuo nonaxame}; Dz = (onus npowax). 5) Onur — paitianne Aeyx kapr KS KOsIORS; cOOBITHA: R= {08e Kaprat uepHoi acti); E = {opean suimymix xapt ecte Aaa rpeb) Ey = {epeam sunyraix xapt ect Tys nuk). 6) Omir — nepenaa Tpex cooduten:t To pajtio; coGuria: F, = {p nepnow cootuermm ect onn6Ka); Fq = {60 wropom cooGmenin ecrt, omGxa); F, = {8 epsom coocinennn ect» omn6xa, BO Bropom — uct} Oren: 1) na, 2) ner, 3) 2a, 4) ner, 5) ner, 6) ter, 1.3, Ormocutensuo Kaxciofl us’ rpynm CoGuTHA oTseriiTs Ha Bonpoc, PaBHOSOSNOMEA AM ON DB aRHON onBiTe (Za, Wes). 1) Onur — Gpocaane mouers; cobertia: A, = (rep5}; Ay = {pemxa). 2) Onur — 6pocainte wenpanunbuot (noruyrofl) womens; Te 2Ke cO- Gurus Ay As 3) Oukiy — peerpen no ssitHeKK; comnnHs: B, = {nonananue}; B, = {apomax). 4) Onur — 6pocaune ‘myx moHeT; cobutHa: C, = {wa rep6a); Cy = {ase penn); Cy = fonwa rep6 w onva peinka). 5) Onur — penmiwanne Hayran onli Kaprot 13 KOON; COMER: D, = {sepna}; Dy = (yGua}; D, = {rpaha}; Dy = {ava} 6) Omir — Opocanue’ urpaabxoh KoctH; coGsrTHs E, = {ue sence Tpex oon Ey = {ne Goaee 1pex ouson). 7) Omer — 110 Kaniaay cess nepenaiores B onMHaKoBNX yeaoBHAX ‘pH cooSnIeNHs ONNHAKOBOH sNHHEI; cOGMTHA: Fy = {oumGxa 3 nepsox cootinennn Fz = {onmOxa do Bropos coodmerust}; FP = {ouu6xa » rperven cooduren}. Orwer:}) aa, 2) ner, 3) B oGmen caysae wer, 4) er, 5) aa, 6) ner, 1) za. 1.4, Ornccnteasio waxtoi 13 rpyun coburki ormernTs ta creayio- use Bonpoess: obpasyior 41H ORK NoAHYKO PpyLNy; sNsHOTEA sO HecOBMECT- MUNI, ADtAIOTeA aM PabHOBOSMONKHEINH; OOpasyIor a Tpynmy eayyacs, 1) Omir — 6pocaime (npaaumaoi) Mowers; coOsTus: Ay = {repO}; Ay = {peuea} 2) Onuir — Gpocanne jayx Moner; coGsTus {awa rep6a}; By = {noe peunu); {onus rep6'n oma pemuxa). 3) Onur — 6pocanke yrpansKo KocTu; coats: ! natn 2 ouna}; Cy = {2 naw 3 ouxa}; Cy {3 nau 4 oxa}; '4 nan 5 osxon}; Cy = (5 nan 6 omkos}. u 4) Onur — Bamumanne nayrag onnoit Kaprst na KoaOm % 36 comnts: ue Dy = (ty); Dz = (xopoms); Dy — {nana}; Dy = {Barer}; Dy =: {accatka}; D, = {uesstka}; D, ~ {aocomepna); Dy — {ce- mepka); Dy == furecrepxa} 8) Ouner — apterpen mo whuten; cobsirist Ey = {uonananue}; E, = {npomax}. 6) Onur — nepenawa (8 oansekonnix yeaoBnax) 1pex cooburem pan- HoH Aan; coSsrta: Fy = {uexaxxeno neppoe coosmene); {uexameHo DTopoe cootimene); {uckaeno Tpetbe cootimerne}. Gan), OMT — SKeMAVEMIPeTEA sRa nputopa w TeveRKE RPeMESH t;¢O- G = fu oa npaGop ve msamer ua erpox)s fox MpEGOP Brest Hs CTpOs, a apyro Ker}; {o6a mpHGopa swim 13 crpoa). Oper 1) aa, a, na, Aa; 2) 2a, aa, Her, Her; 9) Aa, Her, a, Her; 4) na, na, a, na; 5) Ja, Aa, Her, Her; 6) Her, wer, me, Her; 7) aa, Aa, Her, 1.5. Mowera 6pocaeres 20 Tex op, noxa we nombHTest NOAPHA ABA Yep- 6a nan we Ane pelitKH; NlOcMe storo Gpocamix upexpainarores. Toectpowtn AMM STOTO OnTA MPoeTpateTso saeveNtapmx coGHTMA M BUNeMAT o em momtstoxxecs90, coorwercrsyiowee coburma A — {noHanoGuteR Ke Bonce Tpex Spocaunit}, Moxno sm sxecb uafirm BepontuocTE coGrHs Kak OTHOUIeHHe HHicHa STeMeHTapHin cobErTHT, GaaronpusiTHick A, K O6- meny seay suemetrapimrx coOuTHi, n cea Her, TO TONeNy? Peurenwe. Saeventapnne coGwrua, o6pasyioue NeoKectBO (cep6 odosnasen GykBoii «ra, pemia — eps): @; = {t,t} O2 = (0, Ps Oy = (sD, DYs Oe = AP. PL TYs Oy = Ey PLE}, Op {Po Bs Pt unten arAx coGHTH GecxoHeURO (cueru0): 2 ~ fo, Os, Os, } Togs MHOKeCTBO SmeNeHTAPHEIX CoGNTHH, GxaronpuaTHAX A; A’ — (Oy, Oy Og, 4). ‘Onpexenits sepostHocts coGuitlin A aK oTiowenKe swera saeseH- ‘apHex coGuTiit, Guaronpuatunx A, K OOumeMy uueny svenenTaprinsx coGMTH B naHHOM CnyNAe HenESA, TAK KA SMeMCHTADHMe COOH @y, Oy, Og, ... HePaNOROSMOWNL: Kazkaas NOcTeAy:ouas Napa MeKee Repost Ha, nex mpensinymtan [naxonyerne P (4) — ea. saxaay 2.19} 1.6, Muororpaninx, mmemounui & rpaniefi (k > 3) ¢ woxepantn 1, 2, . h, Opocacres uayrag tia naocKocTb; MpHt STOW On Haat Ta TY WAH APY: Fylo rpauy, [octpours ja storo onsira npocrpaxers0 siteseHtapHErx COUT H DLIXENtTl, B Hest sHoxMHOAecrBO, cooTHETETBYWUee CONTIG A = {usororpanmnk yaa Ha rpaits, Homep Koropoit ne upewuwaer suc- aa ki2}. Pee nue. Mpocrpancrio 2 cocrour ns k saxeneHTapMscx coGsTHi Q = (1,2, ..., by Pe sea coorserereyior HOMepAM rpatiell, Tloasro- wkectB0 'A coctont Wa sitenentapynx cobs: A = { 1ei21}, me [2/2] —uenas acts, coneprxamancn 6 A 2L7. B yeaonunx nperunymelt sagas wHororpamiuK — upanvstne wii; BosMOAHBE suaKeHtE sHeIa Ppaxell, & — 4 (rerpacap); & — 6 (xyG); & —8 (oxrasmp); & — 12 (nonexasap); & — 20 (axocasap). Haiirn una DsROTO HS MHOTOTPAMHNKOB BepOATHOTD cOOMTUS A Pemenne. jaa mpasuatnoro (cusmerpuunoro) saororpananKa Hospacnne KarkIO Fpally OsLEHAKOBO PepOATHO, TAK NTO MO‘KNO DUE ours P (A) 1 qiopryate (1.0.6). Tax Kai witcm0 Tpatiel BceX npaBntseHIX NnororparumKon wetHo, To [e/2] = k/2 m ws soGoro ia Hux P (A) 12, 1.8. B ypme a Geasix wb nepxicx mapos. Hs ypHir BerHsIwaIoT Rayraa ot map. Haire sepostiocts Tore, sto stor wap — beat Orpen, a’ (a+). 1.9. Bypnea Geanx ib xepriix miapon. Hs yptss: nummvaror omint map 1 orkatanemaiT B cropory. Stor map oKasavien Geman. Tlocste st0r0 13 YyDRD Gepyr eute oxi map. Haire BeponrHoct» toro, uo 9TOT map Tore Gyner Gest. Orper. @—I)l@ | 6—I), 1.10. B ypne a Gemsx m b uepraax mapos. Ma ypner niamyan ont wap 8 ue Taaas oTAowHa 8 cropony. Hlocae sTorO HS ypHEL nIAM eme Onr map, Ox oxasaites Gensim. Haliri nepostraocts toro, wv0 neppiaft map, oT- soxennbilt 8 cTopoHY, TOKE Gem Orser @—I)i a+ b—1). 1.1L. Vs ypmis, conepxamtelt a Gemix n 6 sep:tix mapos, panmtaror ona 8a apyriny Boe maps, poe oxHoro. Hafirh Bepostiocts Toro, ro hocaeanmi ocrasuniten i ypre swap Gyser Genin. Orpen, al (a+b). 1.12. Hs ypes, 8 KoTopoll a GesHx Hb WepHBIX mapoR, BAEIMZIOT nioapax ace Haxonamecs B Rell maps. Halirn sepontHOcrs TOTO, ¥TO BTO- put no nopaaky yzer Bamyr Compt map Orser, aia). 1.13, B ypue a Geaux 0 6 wepuirx mapos (a > 2). Ms ypusr nannnaior cpaay ava wapa. Hair weposviocts toro, uro 06a wlapa Gyayr Geant, Pemenwe. CoGurie A — {nna Geax rapa}. OGuee aueao cay- nae n= Chyo= (a+b) (a+ 6—1)/(1-2), a Gear rae C= nero couerauuil us k sneMentos Ho m, Ynero Gxaronpusrasx caywaee my= C3 =a(a— 1) (1+ 2). Beposmaocrs cotarrus: A P(A) = main = main 2, b > 3). a ype aur wwwator epasy nists aapon. Hatirm veposraocts p ToFo, vto ABA HS HHX Gyayt Geum, a Tp vepuenan. 18 Pemenue, OGutee mero cayxaes (aE Bat BT) (ab 2) (a 9-9) (a4) on Chto 1285 ‘Uneno Gaaronpuariax caysaen (0 (b 123 m 2 GO GTIN @+5—D (a+ b—S) OIA 1.15. B naprim, cocrommet us vaxemii, mectes f neperrunix. Ha naptine puOupaeren 19 KouTpoaa r stzenuit, Halim sepostxoct p TO- PO, YO 13 HAX PoBHO s HaReMUE GyAyT AebexTinaa. : Orner. p =CiChCK. L1G. Hrpasuas Kocte Gpocaeres onue pas. Hite neposruocr co- errs: A = {rerno2 scz0 o9K0B}; B = {ue nenee 5 oxo}; | C = (ne Gouee 5 ounon). i Oper: P(A) = 1/2; PB (B) = 1/3; P (C) =5/6 LIT. B ypue a Gemsix nb veputsx mapos (a > 2; b > 2). Hs ypent BLINNIMaiOT OANOBpeNeHHO sea mapa. Kaxoe coOwrrite Goaee BeposTHO: A = {apo onuoro upeta}; B = {maptr pasupix meetos}? Pemenue. FACE _ ote ty4-b0—1 Pca) a (o—1)-45(6—1) pap - 2 Chey (FN ETI—H Cpanmumast suecarent sTHx xpoGeit, Haxoxut P(A)

P (B) px (a— by >a + b. 1.18. Hs svuKa, conepyamero n nepenyneponanitx names, Hay yraa BenutslaloT ONO $4 APYTHM Bce NaxonaINHErs B Hes HaXeMA. Haitrit Bepontuocts Toro, 470 HOMepa BUAYTEIX usLeAMl SyAyT AAT MO NOpARKY: TD y seep the OTper. Val 1.19. Tor ae amt, aro 5 B Mpenyzymell samane, HO KarKMOE HIMeHTKE nocsle DMuMaIKs BKAMBIBAeTEN OGpaTHO H MepencmABacTeA © APYTH- MH, a ero KoMep sanncumaeres. Hair peposruocrs Toro, ¥to GyneT 8a- mucana ectectacHHan nocteNosarembrHocTs HOMepOB: 1, 2, vous Me Orpen, Unt 1.20. B postirpanue nepsencrsa no Gacker6o.ry ysactayior 18 xowaita, 3 KOTOpEIX caysralluBin O6pasows (boparnpyioren ABE FPytitL NO 9 KOMAHA “41s xamaoh. Cpemit yaacranxos copennonaHna umeetes 5 KOWAHA aKeTpa- tunica, Halita sepoarnocti cnenyiomitX coGorrit A = (ce Komanast sketpakacca TOMaAyT B ONY Wt TY 2Ke TpyAnY}, B — {we Konangat axerpaxacca nonaayr B oaity us rpynn, a Tpit P apyryio). Other P(A) = 28s Ls peg) ESTA CH he 4 Che 7 1.21. Hexto xynta xaprouxy Cuopraoto H onserna B stelt 6 13 HaHeI0- nie 49 Homepon, noc Yero B Tuparke pasbirpuBarOTes 6 eDLAKrpABIIHX> voepon u3 49. Halirn nepostocra catenyiouux coOuriii: Ay = {bopHo yrazamu 3 BaurpaRIuNx Hoepa us 6}; Ay = (sepio yranamat 4 Homepa 13 6}; Ay = {oepuo yranawat 5 Howepon us 6); Ay = {sepuo Yragaus sce 6 Kovepos), Pemex me. 3aqaya skBKeaNerTHa BEMHMaHMO GmapoB 3 ypub, B xor0pofi 6 Gems wapos (nettrpansie oMepa) n 49 —6 = 43 weprcx (ne Bunrpasmne). Play Eee #0,01765; P(A) = ACL + 0,000869; Age ~0,00001845; P(A.) By TOMB 10-. 1.22. Ha yensirn Kaprowxax wanicamnt nupput: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. Tine ua BAX BHHNMaOTeA Hayran m YKtaRMBaIOTeR wa CToM B MOpANKe hosmienns, seven ShTaeTcs HoayTennoe siten0, Hanpanep O7 (cemb), 14 (oerupnamtats) wt. n, Haétra nepostHocrs Toro, aro wute70 GygeT werHEIN, Pemex we, Yersocrs wncia onpexenserea ero nocneanelt nubpof, soropan RoMKHAa Gln erHOH (nym — TORE WeTHIOe YuC.IO). HleKOMAy hepoATHocty €CTh HePORTHOCTE TOrO, TO Ha BrOPOM MecTe TlOABHTE: ONO tis mcer 0, 2, 4, 6) 8, 1. €. 5/9. 1.23. Ha ‘nist Kaprowax sanucanst mbps: 1, 2,3, 4,5. JIse ns hax, nwa 3a npyrok, pumunvaores. Hafitn pepoarkocrs Toro, ¥ro HCN ia Bropoit KeprouKe Gyaer GoaLue, ¥eM Ha NepBOit. Pemenie. Onur nicer 18a soamoacunix Hexone A = {ptopoe wnct0 Gomme nepsoro}; B = (stopoe wncT mexeme mepnoro}. ‘Tax Kak yeropua onmira cHumerprumt orHocHTeRDHO A 1 B, To P (A) =P (B) = 1/2. 1.94, B auqaxe taxoaares oxorHnue HaKeTUR, HaroTORTeKHELe pas liv saBORAMH; Ha HUX @ HEReAKA HsroTOBTeHE sabonoM I, 6 Hanee — saporom II, ¢ wazeni% — sapoxom LJ. Hs ama paumaor onto 3a TPYTHM nce HAXOATIWECH D HEM HIAERUS H OTMeAIOT MeCTA HX HSTOTOR- aici, Hlafira sepost#ocrs Toro, uno UpiC sTOM HisTeMNe saRORA T KoRBiET- ca paubuie, vem w3xemne saBona IT 6 Peme nue. B yexonnux sana nanimine wus oreyreraNe 8 auuxe| sgeauil sagoza TUL pom we urpaer; HeKOMax seposrHocts papita Hepo- aTHOCTH BEIHYTS MepELM HORE TE SazoTa Tus AMKA, rme a UAC 3 ona 1m b uogeantl sapoaa II, 1. c. a/ (a|- 6). i 1,95, Hivesores gba suika, conepxKAUNIX THTORBIe SaeKeNTH Saxcese | (798). B nepuoss sauuxe @ uenpisiuax T93 1 6 weuenpabibtx; Ho BrOpoM — ¢ nenpaBMZx ud Hercupapanx. Vs Kaxoro suuKa Rayray BHMMAeTCA | no oavomy T93. Haier wepomsioet® Toro, wo 06a T93 Syayr senpapuse- Pemenne, Kanai T9309 mepsoro autnKa momer KoMOmENpO- parses ¢ Kamnuns T93 3 wrOporo; seo caytaes x = (a+ 6) (c+ d). Yuet Graronpuarunx cayyaes m = acy vepostwocrs coOwTiE paBita ac} Ila + 6) (c+ @)) 1.26. B ycnosusx samaun 1.95 wait nepostiiocts toro, wro pumyne 793 Gynyr pasansEN nO KaveeTBy, Orpen, (ad + dey! Ma + a) + al. 1.27. B tex xe yenoanax wait sepostiocts Toro, To ofa Bamyrax 93" Gyayr newenpans Orper. biilla+b\lo-+ a]. 1.28, B smpixe mmeerey k aepenywepouanmux oanotnmautx wogemalt c woxepann 1,2,..., A. Ho ania f pas sunimaeres wayran To onKoMy HaTeAMiO, eTo HOMeP SAMHCHBACTEA H NSAETHE KaazeTes OGPATKO B RMI Hafirn sepoatiioers p Toro, "To nce sanneautmse Honepa Oyzy? pasmuuns. Pomenne, Uncro cayyaes 2 Unero Grarompnatiesx cay ‘yaa panvo unc-ry pasmenteniil x3 R anemesttos n0 1, te. mt = & (& — 1)... ve (2 — L$ 1). Beposraocrn coOnris m _ kit (FW) pot Di) or 1,99. Hs natu 6yxa paspesHoll aa6yxm cocraBteHo ca0s0 «xaurar. PeGesiox, Re Yocom unTarh, Paccsinar 37H GyKkSE tt SaTeN COOpam B Npo- nasoabuons nopastke. Hlalith BepostHocrb p Toro, W70 y nero cHosa nomy- ‘iltocb eToBO exrura Orper. p = V5! = 1/120 1.30, Tor 2Ke Bonpoc, cca Gsin0 cocrab.teHo ewiouo eaeastaes. Pemenue, Udero caysaes n —6'; aueto Oaaronpustscx eay- ‘aen yake ue oauHL, KaK B2aaae 1.29, am — 3121, rax Kak noBTopmoMue- ca GYKnW £27 H E> NOAUIO UPONSLOAPNAIM OGpAsMAL NepecraBAT NEKAY coGo: p = 3! 261 = 1/60. 1.31. Vis nomiofi xozomsi xapr (62 nucra, 4 macra) nummmaerca cpasy HECKOTBKO KapT. CKONBKO KAPT HYKHO BHT! AIH TOFO, HTOGH ¢ BeposT- nocTiiD, Combed wen 0,50, yrBepaktarn, 4TO CpeAH HUX GyAYT KANT ON Holl w Tol 2Ke wacru? Pemenwe. Ofoataiun A = {name cpean & setiyTisxX KapT He mesee AByx omHOM NacTH}. Tipu & ba; ma = Chs + 4; P (A) = 0,235 < 0,50. Vpn & <8: n = CBsj ma == Cha - 4} ChaCho - 45 P(A) 0,602 > > 0.50. Hak, syano punyt & >> 3 xapr. we 161.3. NV genonex eaywafinen o6pasow paccasxmpaoren 8a xpyraane ctonion {NV > 2). Hatt seportaocrs p roro, sto aga dusenposanusx, sauna Aw B oKaxyres pazom. Pemenne. Ouee snca0 Gnaronpusruix caygaen m. oy x saa n= Nt; nogcwrmupaen anon an Au B oxo nocaznns pros ABYMA cocoOaisH; yeraisuiax ~ —(W—- 2}! enocobawa; roraa m= ON (N-—9)I; p =2N(V~- 2M —2/ (V—1). Sry ae sanayy MOrkHO pemnith upome: nycrh mmo A caauven Kyaa YromNo; TorRa yan B oeraeret N — 1 necro, 03 Wax 2 Gxaronpustmnix: p — 2/ (N — 1) 1.38, Ta ae sanama, Ho cto npswoyroapnuil, uN senonex pacea~ aubaosen caysalind BAO ontOH Hs ¢TO cTOpO: Pewenive, a —Wh; 6xaronpuarune oxyaar Neanres! Ha ARe Fpyn- uot 1) A ensvr ¢ xpao; 2) A enaurr ne © Kpaio. Tuend nepporx ity 2 — Yl; aneao sropyix my = 2(N — 2) (N — 2)! p = (my yin == 2 (WN — 1) (N — QUANT 1.34. Hneetea M oncpatopos a N nepexyweposautiix npx6opos, xo- sopure Ouit MoryT oGeayaaiBaTb. Kexault oneparop BuSupaer exryeaiiasnt odpasom He OAMIAKOROH RepostTHIOETeIO uOGo! LIPKGOP, Ho c YeTOBHEM, ‘To HH OAK UPNGOD He MOET OGeayzeHNAI Les GOALIE, YEN OKI oTepa- ropom. Haliru seporraocts toro, wo Gyayr suGpamn Rag OGeayzxi52- uti mpuopet ¢ Howepamut 1, 2, .... M. Peuren me, Uucao cnocoGos, xoropanat woo pacnpexeaurs M onepatopos no NV npuGopast, paso axcny paswemenvi 13 N snementow uo M: 2 = N (N— 1)... (V—M +1), Ho yeaonnaw saaaay we ari ca0c0GH paBHOReposTHKL, 7. @. LpeneranimoT codoR rpynny caysaes. Ueto Gnaronpustasx caysaee (pH XOTOpHX oGeayUBaOTeS TOABKO uepatie M npHGopoa) panno m M! Oreiona wexomas BeposTHocTE Mt Pp Tp. aD 1.35, B sumuxe mweetcs K TS3, 13 anx Ky saementos 1-ro tuna, .. « . Km sacventon m-ro tana; SK; = K. Hs at suka BLGMpaOT nayrag & T23. Hair vepoatHocts Toro, TO cpews HIX Gyzer 4, TSS L-ro vita, ..., Ry 7 iro Tana, ..., &_ TIS m-ro tana. Pee tne, Obince nico enysaen n pasiio uneay enoco6os, Ax nH MOxKHO BaHyTH & T93 v3 K: n= Ck. Uncao Gaaronpuarapix cay 4aen Ky saemento3 i-vo Tena, m~CR Chie Cll = TT Cal, vax a fy T93 nepnoro tina vorHO RuGpaTk Ck, cTOCOGAMI, «yyy T2B m-ronuna—C" enocoGavi, H Bee 2TH enocoGs noryr vounnnposeten eaay co6ot. Hexowas sepost 1.36. B oraesenue cash noctymiino 4 Tenerpawacs; Boero umeercR Neruipe Kawaxa coin, Texerpammet caywalimsin oOpasom pacnpexenmor- cx NO KaHamanG; KamAAM TeeTpaNra C OAHO! # TOH Ie BeposTHOCTEIO ne penaetes no moGomy Ha sersIpex Kawanos. Halite Beposrnocrs coGuTast A = (xa ona 13 KawazoD nonaayr TpH Tenerpanwet, Ha pyro — ona ‘Tonerpania, a ABA ocraBMmuxcn KaNana Syay? He sarpyiKeH). Pemenne, Odmee wicno cayyacs n= 4%, Yneno crocoson, Ka- KUNH MOXHO BOATS OWN KAILaN, Wa KOTODEAfL HONaxeT TPH TeTerpaMt, Ch = 4; anexo cnoco6os, KaKiIsH MO>sHO BIAOpaTD Kala, Wa KOTOpEIT NO- axer Onna Tenerpanina, CJ =3. Unexo enocoGon, wakitnit xorKtO BiuGpatb ia uenmipex TeerpamM TpH, ATOGM HANPABHTs UX BONN Kallas, CL — 4. OGuee weno GnaroupusTinx eayuaes ma —4- 3-4. P(A) = main =4- 3-4/4 = 3/16. 1.37. M renerpasm caysaliutns o6pasom pacuperensores no N Ka nanas coaan (NV > M), Haiinn seposruocrs co6scri A = {na Kaxwait Kana npwjercs Me Gomme ONNOH Texerpaxans). Pemenwe. Odinee sicao crysaes N. Uneao ctiocoGo, KaxuNt Moxno BaGpars M Kananos x3 N, sroGs Hanpabnts Ha KHX mo OAKO! Te aerpanme, paso CH. Une cnoco6os, KakEMH MoxHO BRIGpars us M. Tenerpayns ORY H Hampaniit® ee 8 nepBiad 3 oTweKeHMEEX KatlanoB, paD- no Cy = M; siteao cnocoSos, Kaklosit MoxHO BEIOpar Bropyto TesterpaNt- My 13 ocrasumxea M —1, paso Cip1=M—1, wr. 2. OGmee stteo Gaaronpratinix coGurmo caywaen Gyzer ma = M (M—1)...1 = Ml, P(A) =CH- MUN, 1.38*, B orgeienue cass mocryniao M Tererpann, Koropue eny- uailitson OGpaom pacnpenessiorest no N xatianam cBasa. Kanani nepe- nymepovanti. Haitra nepostaocrs toro, 10 na I-A Katia tlomazer poBio fy Tenerpanoy, Ha 2 Kanan —, venerpanat wa, Ha Noll Kaxan — by venerpaun, npuyem >) &; = M. Pemenne. Uneno cayyaca nN, Haxoxun uexo Gnaronpitst- ux eayaes mi. Unteso en0co608, KaKinM NowHO BOATS Hs M Tenerpanat ky, paso Ci; sHenO crocoSoB, KaKUMH MOwHO HS Octanuuxcs M — ky Tenerpaum BuGpars ky, pasno Chis, ut. a. Une criocoGos, Kaka mowsno 18 M— (by Fie + Ay—1) = hy Terlerpantc Bu6path kyr, P2Riio Cit Bee sti antena HyxHo nepenioxnts, m= CHC CR bay ay Mt (Mae) IM (hy blah ev ait “Ri @i—ay! klipe “ey oat yt a Mt z _ Bret A iL P(A)= min ot | (3 Tat). 81.39, B yenonuax sagas 1.37 walirn sepostnocrs Toro, Wro u3 NV xatanon’ Gyser lg TAKAX, Ha KOTOPSIe Ke LONANer Ki ORMa TeerpaNma, fy —TaKHX, wa KOTOpBIe MONaHeT posto OKA TeNerpaMMa, KT. £5 Jy vaKHx, "Ha Koropnie nonanyr ace M renerpawm: Ip + fy-+ w+ Hl = MN; 0+ hy $1 ht. + My = M. Pemenwe, Odmee meno caytaes n = N*. Urots waitri aucz0 Gnaronpuarasix caywaes m, HY*HO HepeMHowtTh HCHO enocoGoB, KAKI- MHL MODKHO BLIOPaTb Kanal, H HNEO CNOCOGB, KAKA MOrKHO BANGparb renerpaints. UHeT0 eMOCOGOB, KAKUAHH KOIKHO BLIOPATe KaNasHs, PaBKO Mu NG! bo tw-=¥t | TL Bh | eo Haitzem uuero cnoco6os, KaKUMH MOKNO BEGpaTh Teaerpaxca. OxH pacnagaores Ha rpynnst: Mavanbuas rpysma (ao 0 Tencrpamm) nyctaa; ueppas coxepant /, reerpaw; Boodme k-a — kl, Tenerpawnt ( == 1, 2, vy M), YkeI0 cndco6os, KAKEMH MOXHO BUOPATb Fpyinbt Teslerpain, pan A Ci Gin (sig CEH (1.39.1) ‘Teneps ompeneaunt uriesi0 cnoco6oR, KAKHMK MOXKHO BHIOpaTs Tenerpan- ut BHYSpH AAA FpYHITN TAK, GTO. Me KanKBAl KARA NpMUBsIOGH MO k Te werpanm. Qro wHes0 cnoco6os paso (Bly) (EI BL... fl) = (Ady) (EAD "s, 7 ae iy 41 aueno clocoGoB, KAKI MOXKKO BHIGpATs Bee TeNerpasM jun BeeX "pYIM, paBuo upokaneneRMe TAKUX M-ceA juin pasERIS ki au on ne. (1.39.2) wat (et MicpestsorKas (1.39.1) 1 (1.38.2), moxyaen sisca0 en0c0608, KARIN MOA ho BEOpaTs Tenerpanssc: a TH (eit i TT titayt MI i Th gs) ay’ TI @y® ket feat fet Yomtoxkasl 910 Ha WHeRO cHocoGoB, KAKUMH MoxHO BLIGpar KaHaNes, Ha AowIML WENO GrArONpUSTHRX enyyacn x Tr en aa w Orcioza wepostaocrs mTepecyromero ac coGiuria P(A) wt ait aa (1.39.3) fi WMT at TT cn 1.40. Ha xpyraox 9kpaxe pantozoxatopa pantyea r uneeres ToxeN oe iao6pankeiiie oGuerra M (pic. 1.40), sinuvawomee exysahuoe mo10- etme DB mpezeaax 9spana, piven HH OHA. oOacTh BnpeseAax oxpana He Mucer Mpeuyslecrs nepex Apyroil (nsopaneane oGwexta snayrak GpocaeTea ta okpai). Paccwarpimzeren coGutue A, cocroa- mee oN, TO paccrostane p oT rower M ao eH a oxpaita yet were, went r/2: A = fo < 112). Halen neposttioer sore eGwrns Pemeie, Ilpocrpanereo Q saesewrapytsx coCsrilt — Bkytpestioers Kpyra paauyca r, O6.tacr A sauxpuxonaua na pue. 1.40 Sa __ nti Diay= 8 = Bq LAL. ineeren sarmrroponnas aewra mma L = 200 x, ua oGenx cToponax KoTOpo! sanneaEr coodmenns; 1a onAOlk cTopoHe cooGulentNe aauiet f, = 30 xt, #a apyroft — amicina Jy — 50 a; Mectonosiowertie 3a cel seussecruo. B cosait ¢ nonpexpexnen exror Hay pHUlAOce YaatHTs ee yuacrox Aauint fy = 10 m, Hawinaromuien a paccroamien 80 st OT Ha gaia crease. Hafiri neposvuocre cneaywontux coOsriti A= {un Ta, WH xpyran ganic He noppercteuts}; B = {nepsan sates nospestena, sropax — Her}; C = {etopaa samucs noapewmena, aepsas — ver); {oGe sarnci nospenkitensr) u ospesctena i sanuce 100) 2 ‘Mo8pesedena sa 2s sanuece WX oa 50 300180 0 = Pas, £44 20Pewense.Hs oro, 70 nomoxKoute ‘amicelt conepmienio yeNanectiio, — netaeN Mino, VFO mIOGOe mHonOAKeHME Navara KarK- aol m3 tx, pn KOTOpOM nest sameH ynemzerca Wa dlerre, eros Ke MIpaDzo- nox06110, Kak wioG0e Apytoe. AGcunccy Ha~ siasa nepsok samiter oGosuauin +, Btopoit 4g Tipocrpaxerso saemenrapiix coGurrisit — hpssoyronounK aauinse Le — f= 170 at. witeors L— ty = 150 mt (puc. 1.41). Ha ye, 141 pastienait BHLAANHE AITDHXOBKM OT exenst OOTACTH, COOTHETCTBYFOME MOBPOK- cio Mepsof N BTOpoH sanmeeH, GyxBanmt 4, B,C, D —oGnact, coorsercrayiomme KaKAomy 3 coGurnl A, B,C, D (sce atv oGaaers, Kpome D, cocrowr 43 sactel) So = 170 Sa = 30 - 60 + 80 + 60+ 90 - 50 + Puc, 142 150 = 25 500 my 80. 50 = 12 100 wy Sp = 60 + 60 + 60» 50 = 6600 mt So = 80 + 40 + 80 - 40 = 4400 x; Sp = 60 - 40 = 2400 we. P (4) = 0,474; P (B) = 0,259; P (C) =0,173; P (D) = 0,094. 1.42, Tlo paznonanany B teveime npomemyrKa spewenn (0; 1) aepe- jwoTes Apa cirhaca aawremsHocristo + < 1/2; Kansnetit 113 Hitx c OnKAKO- of BoavOHoCTSIO HaWAHACTeR B TOGH Mowext HTepBana (0; 1 —1). oan currama nepexpoor apyr apyra xoT# Got Yacritutio, O6a OMT HeK@Ka~ Tea H npukaTit Gath ne wory’. Haitr Bepostuocr» Tore, wto curHamu. SyAYT MpHRsTe Ges HcKANeri. Peweswe, Odosuasim x movenr nataa nepsoro curnaaa, y — roporo, Fpoctparicrao aaemedrapwtix coGurif nokasanio ta puc. 1.42, Surprxopannite oGaactH A coorsercrayiot coGsTH0: A = {enrnami ne nexansemss} = {he — yl <1}. P(A) = SalSa = (1 = 29° (I= 1.43. Vimewores ane mapasterprne ANNAN TeAepONNOM cans UEBE J (pune. 1.43, a), paccrosime menay Kotopumm d < /. Vsrectno, ato na KAKLO Ma IMAM Pyle-To ecrh paspsiB (HeASRECTHO, B KAKOM MecTe). Halt- PH BeposTHOCTS Tora, uTO pacctosune R Mexay ToUKaMn paspyBa Oyner ne Gomme a d 0; y > 0; ¥ -+ y <1; mpoctpanerso saewenrapiisx cobs ecre BuyspertuaIN YacTH NpsIMOYrOaLHOTO TpeyromDuUKA C KATE Tami, Papua eniurne; Sq — 1/2, Yeaoane A, arobis no orpesKon x, y, 1 — (e+ y) moxno Ge110 cocraBHTs TpeyronbHHX, cBOMUTCH K BY cheno: 1) cya aoGux zByx cropou Gonsiwe nperbelt; 2) pastiocn OOKX EBYX cTOpoH MenBiNe TpeTbeH. Stosy yeroBRIo coormercrByer Tpe- yrompiaa oGnacto A (puc. 1.44, 6) ¢naowanbo Sq = (1/2) (1/4) = 1/8; P (A) = SaSq = 1/4. 1,45. Zadqua Bropiona. Tlaccsoors pasrpagmena napaamenbutant npsmasu Ha paccrosiims L npyr or apyra (puc, 1.45, a). Ha naocxocts 2el Pe, 145 wayran Spocacren uta (orpesox) anu £< L, Haiktn nepostuocts 10- fo, 70 mira nepecexer KAKYIO-IIGYNG 19 HPAL. Pewmenwe. Byxen xapanteprsogars tiexox ona (nomoentte sir abi) Reyna ticnannt? a6cunccoft x MeHtpa Mrmr OTHOCHTeTbHO OmtoKaimel TpsMof cieBa H yraoM p, KOTODLI CocTaBNaeT HTaa C HaNpaBrenNeM npA- uaix (puc. 1.45, 6). Tor baxr, 70 uraa Gpocaerea ta maOcKOCTS HayTal, GyLeM HOKUMATS ‘TAK, UO Bee BuAMEHHA xu ~P OAMHAKOBO BOSMOSKHLI. Gresnatio, noxito (ne Tepan o€muKocTH) orpaKnants BosKonmEe a:aue- ius x yaacrkom or O'n0 L/2, @ — or 0 no a/2, a BosMoxnocT nepeceue- lex pacenarpimnan TomuKo Anak onwOM Ke npanLx (Gauonaikweh aeRO). Upoctpanerso sremewrapnnx coGunui © — apamoyrosmunKe co eropor naan L/2 uw x/2 (pic. 1.45, @); Se = Lx/4, Vieaa nepeceser upsimyio, ec- ant aGenueea x ee uetpa GyaeT MeuBute, aon ({/2) sing: uMTepecyiomee: tac coOsrie A= {x= (/2)sin@). Obnacrs A sammpuxonava na pac, 1,45, 6, naomane ce m2 Ls j 5 sin gdp : Tpuwesanue. Sra goonyss, noayiemax Boftouoe ewe » XVI n, sconionpamio. noatepranaee ‘vetepisterrasiaol tyovepee, Ant ero noxemmeaa: ‘ote tatrorn nepesesens nana cepam Spoeakinh C nowotney svo% popu Iporssomeraecs aarme nprCaumennas ouensa sieaa st x Gua uoayseust BuOaMe ysosnersopirezsawe pesyasraral. Sa= SABA 2 AJITEBPA COBbITHH. IIPABHJIA CHORKEHUS H YMHOKEUMS BEPOATHOCTER 2.0. Ocuoimanc » reopun seposrwocrel sasamores Ke npamue, # xocnexmse noroxin susimeaexol seponTHocteh, NOraa BeposTocrH uiTepecyoNK. ae eNO. ‘iit supamaroren seped veposiocrk gpyrix coGuou, © mum eoaaniux. Han ‘oro, lipene utero, uyxuo Ysters buparare ENrepecyouge lige COOMTH vepes ‘nye, Drone wens eapaur vax Maasacuay aseeOpa cofwmil. a4 COOwTaR Heo ‘ives ows seyinia cobtntf, enporspexee coats mw wekoTopHe APYEMEy A raeme npaunaa Aohetonh e coGkrusnt, Sever, W90 8CC 91H UOIIAR BBOARTCR 23 we erste ec a ta ag Sa ‘eo ae Sacann srorasprnngrosnea (pce 2.01) Cane 1 Smee “ananarntd arto eoronones cobumt Ayy Agy voy Ay RASUBRETEA coburne 3.Aj = Ay-+ Ag+ uct Any coerommes muszonmennm xors 63 onmero it Spe ag so tix, CymaupoaaTicn Hower m Geexone Doe (eretoe) een cosis wey t Agta + Ante Puc, 20.1 Puc, 202 ouster A.» B dpe ctu A 4 Bvanusuerc cobs, ccna» oe es ee taint Sa ye ct On dg be unaerca coGurne HL Ay = Ay Ay Any coeronmee 9 copweeruow mumosnesn cox ik eoturi Toepécevenne cogmerreyioas sions). epesmensnsen oer n 6ecxoxernce (ctetsee) sueao cobtnnn: HAg = Aydy ms An oe Hs ouperenewes cys nponsnexenua codaraf eaeayer, m0 ALA=A;A Aq A AtO= 0; AO AAT BA: A+ B= 2B wo AGB & AB=A Bea, A SB: Rost m yusonenia coOuil e6zOxaT pazOM croenB, upHCY- wx Sot caus Wyaoacento. me prepemecinerumge eacone: ALB BAS AsBO BoA. 2, Cowezareuioe enoierbo: ALB) ECW At B+ OAC 3, Pacnpesemreautve caoteme: A+ Os ABEAG. : se oon euolrba vtcexaior no 7010, 0 eosumK ssa MMORCeTEANH (eH. £2, 1) Bee are doc CoOumen ra coburn A (sero AOMOANEHRCH) ake cron coonime T cocronice » weronbaeuun cosines A: A (A wo nomDunoce}. on A (BC).HtsoSpanckme nportBonoTorsHero cooNTHA RaNIO Ha pHc, 2.0.8, OGaacrk X sonoste niser 30 tlonioro apoerpancrss 2. Via ‘onpegeaenus: npotmBocionoxNore cobuTHA caeAyer, STO H=4, Bo; sero yGeaurees (pic. 2.0.4), wro ecru B pue. 2.0.5) » encayiouux esoftereax nj aFB SSN NS N S SS Puc. 208 Puc. 204 Tipasuaa arespu cofurul nosnoamor, xonGunupya Mewxy coSoi panznamue apoerwe cobisris, odpasonumars Apyrue, ‘Gorse esO-KLse. Bepowraocrs cHoxuwx cOONVNH HORN DHCATE € MOMOMMD BepowrHocre apymx, Gosee mpoctsix, nombayscs awyym OeOBERONM mpABIEAKO TeOPHH BepORT- 1) npawusow etoxceunst neposrmocrelt 4 2) mpasnoM YMROIKeNa Kepost- mu bpaphaa Yacto NassmmoT ocMoSRENN TeODENAN TeOpHN DeposTROCTE!, Tia catiow Acne of HBARWTER Teopercew TostPKO RAR COME CMYAACB, 2A OMIM tos, ne cpoammixea x cxeMe cay¥aeD, BoOATTER axcHOMATHECKA. U"rpavino exoxewnn neportsocrel. Beponminems eyaace Oeyx Hecoauecmnne cobuti® paene qyuste eepoamuocniet mux cacumud, te. ean A~B— Qi, 70 PA+B)=PA+ PB) eon amro Caio wnegeRO axcrioMarHecKH ¥ Yt I (aKextoma TH) panto CHOMEANT BepoaTHOcTel TKO OGoSuaeTeR sia eAYsaHl MponsRoabNO- so auedta'n wecommecruax cofirua: cca Ay» Ay— Q apud ej, 70 P ( Sy “) Mpannzo caomenus oGo6maeTca M Ha crywait Geckowesnora (cucTHOTO) YREMA CO- eee ee ay ee an ESR P ( 3 a) -3 P(A) oA (6 axenomy TUL ra. His noasuaa caomesius neposmoeret nssrexaer, 70 ecau cOGwMUa Ayy Ags os An necostecmnee u o6pasyom Roaigin cpynny, mo cyanea ux éepoaminoemed Pati esuauage; Te. eeu > Pan. oh 2.0.2) 2.0.3) Ban 8, Ardea woe i. 25 DS Paya. 4 2.0.41 B socrnocru, ram xaK soa aporusonosoatitx coOuraa Au A wecoowecrau # 06pa- Syn beat Tpyliny, 70 ejsina eeponniocmespomusmnesoacice com pasts inte Pat P=. "o6 otepuyznponans negpiso yaoneiis nepownioere, weso arue yenopio sepoatioes. Vesaead sepoamnocmen ereeimia AA npu Keauwl hainas B locosnatacren P (AUB) tankaveren nepomtoors court A, Due Senaa ups yenooua, wo coburus B nponscazay. B85 Puc, 205 Puc. 2.06 Yetonne, cocrosmyeaw roM, uro coburte B npoxsounto, PesHocHAbiO HaMedeNIO yeaonmih omnta, xorge Ha Reex outewenTapmUIx cobuTAE OCTAIOTET TOABKO Ye, Kove ue Sxeronpaarine eosurm B, a nce oovanance ordpacussiotes. Hs sToro caeayer, vo mecro MpoerpaneTaa eneweniTapaux coCtITA @ paceMatP"BEeTER Howe s1pO- erpancreo Qp, coorscierayomee coburn B (pHc, 2.0.0), Obsacts AB, covrsererByo- max nepecetenme A u B, 6aaronpusria coGuriie A npn Neaoms cosum B. 2, Tpanuao yiuoxeuisa weposruccrel. Beposnmacms, tun day cote mutt A w B pasne: ceponmnocris odxo2o us wee (uanpunep, A). YaHosceHKol Ha yoann yw seponmauocme dpysced npw naauuiun neperee: P (AB) =P (4) PB) A) 2.0.8) Naat, coud» XauecrBe sepsoro cobutua esate By (AB) = P (8) - P(A 1B). eon Mpanuao yusonenna neposmmacreh oGobuaeTes ra mpoMBBO-Noe wc COMETS P (AyAg wee Ay) = P (AY) * P (Ag Ay)» P(Ag| Anda) oP An | Arg An made 2.0.8) Via (2.0.6) nurreraer cnexyromee suipaxeine ax yenoswof DeporTHocTH: P (B1 A) = P (BYP (A), 2.0.) 1. yesoanan eepozmzoem oDia20 codunus npu naan Opyecco paeKa eepasmnoc- hia npoussedenuin Gaye coGumud, desenuon na aepoamuoc®e moeo us Hux, Komopoe peDnosacaenien eesnoanenntia, Anaaorueno thopuyce (2.0.9) xomno anzcars P (A | B) = P (AB) /P (B)- (2.0.10) Jina coturaa A m B wasumaiorce nesmaucunemn, eotM ORBACHNE OXEOTO Ha unx ue Meliner bepontHoerW HOARACHIIN RDYTOPO! PL B)=P A) 26 2.019om, ato pasociasto, P (Bl A) =P). 2.0.12) Aas soyx nesapneumux cobssrnit xpannino yuuoxewnn sepostuocrel npn veamaer Bix 2 (AB) =P 4) PB), @.0.13) 1c. eepormmocme npouaeedenn days nesaeucienu coSeImul peana npowDBedertUN oe Poainwocmen ome eocumd. Fleexonsko coOwrith Hassmaioren Hescaucuauaa @ covaKynancmy (RaW upoETo esapnemeuni), e6an NomBIeKNe aaGoro uiena Na HK we Meuse? seposTHocTel, octane cootrm, [Ltn neekonskux Neaanwenutsx cosiss4l upasnao Yautoxcenns 0.0.8) mpuaunaer sa P (ApAg An) = P (A) © B(Ag) os PAD 2.0.14) 1. €, aeponmnocms npousredenun nescsucuswx ooSumuid paeite npowseedent9 éepoam Wocmen somux oben. Hecko.csxo onbios uastusaores nesaaucumau, ec nepostrocTs roro nal aworo Nexo KarMAOTO MS HX Me SaDWeNT OT 7OrO, HaKMe WexOR MMe apyrHE Crexerowen npanua eaoxekna # yHaoNentA sepoxsHocrel meaneroH Teopea © mostopenm: onsivos, coctommar s ereayouen. Eom npousoodumen n nesaeucuax ‘enioa, @ xasedon a Romopix coOurize A howasenicn ¢ gepOamNOCTSD P, M0 eepO~ Sinudcemy. moaa, timo 9 Oanod eepus neni eoGamue A noseAIace POeHO Mh Pad, et paacaemes dopayaon Pram p™ (py 2.0.15) vat, oboanaen | — p= Prax OE POM, 2.0.18) Beportuocss toro, 410 n cepnn Hs n uesasucumusx onstr08 coburue A uoauuteR vo meee mt pag, nupaikaesen fopuryzon 2.0.17) 2.0.18) Ua anys opmya (2.0.17) x (2.0.18) suGupaor zy, koropan conepikuT Mensule sede, SANAH I VIIPARRHENHST 2:1. Moser an eywata asyx coOsrrn A m B conronars cx nponssere- nest Orpen, Ha, womer, coms coGurue A oxpuvanentHo cobra B (AS BxBS A). Hanpunep, ecan ncxaxenme coodwenia, nepetasac- Koro TO KaHaay cBA3H, MOxeT GLITL BEIsBAHO TOADKO HamMyuem nomex a YuacTKe BpeMeNN, saBATOM coouIeHHEM, H HeMpeMcHBO npoucXOsHT Up HX HaAHMHH, TO COObTHs ‘A = {ooobutenie ucKaxeno}, B = {ua yuactve npenchi, 3avztom cooSwcuHeM, uMenucb Nomex) vwousanenri: A= B; A+B =A =B; AB =A =B. 0 2.2. Moxasatp, uro ecau apa courua Au B commectusi, 10 Pia t 2 FAP FAB (2.2.1) Pewesne, Mpencrasnm coGurne A -+ B kak cyumy 1pex necos- eer cote: AB (A, s0 ne B); AB (B, wo we A) «AB (a A w B) (ox. , A+B =AB-+ AB + AB. Bupaxaem co6utun Aw B: A =AB + AB, B = AB + AB. Puc 22 Pac, 23 Floasaysee npasnvon caoaenin BepostHocrell, saxo. P(A +B) =P (4B) + P GB) + P (4B); P(A) (AB) + P (AB), P (8) =P (AB) + P (4B). Cunanuinaa na NOCKeANNX sHp@KEKUR, NOAyAEM P (A) + P (8) =P (AB) + P (AB) + 2P (AB). f Buunran orcioga (2.2.2), nonysacm P(A) +P (B) =P (A +B) + P (AB), orayga # caeayer (2.2.1). Hy (2.2.1) cueayer, wo neensa P(A+B)

4, 6 > 4, ¢ > 4), Ha suuxa puxSupaior on Hionpeeitio H Hayrax WeTaIpe HsAeTAA, He OOpaMaR HIKNAKHTE Ha HX KO- ecto, Paccarpusaiotcn coOwrns: 4 = {open Bu6panmx HsxeMKH xoTA Gel OXNO co SHAKOM KaweCTBA}; B = {epers sw6panwsx napeanci xora Gt oxHo Breporo copra} Hatira seposrnocrs cogatus C = A + B. Pemexne. Mepexors x npormonoxoxnomy cosurmo CT — {ner aut A, ni BY = {ace uate nepsoro copra), uweem Jan? ___#-l__¢ oS Ghbbe ate tent ate orkyna P(C) =1—P ©). 2.97. TIpu oatom nnxze oG30pa paxnoroKannonnoi cranuint, cneAR~ elt 82 KocMMNeCKHN OGpEKTOM, OGEEKT OSHAPYRUBICTCH C BEPOSLTHOCTEIO p. OGHAPYIKCHC OGKEKTA B KAKION IUTKMe NPOMCXONUT HesABHeWMo OT apyrix . Hair pepostxocrs Toro, uro“mpis n uuKaax oGneKr yer oGHa- pyar. Orser. 1—(1—p). 2.98, Viveeres m paghoxoKannoHRHX cramuul, Kaxkien 13 KOTOPHX 32 OWN Wii oG30pa OORapyansaer OOseKT ¢ BEPOSTHOCTHIO p (teSAEH- ClIMO OF XPYTHE IAKAOE # OT APYTHX cranny). 3a BpeMA T KaXRABK Craik Wis Yerenaer caeTaTs n umios, Hair BepostrHocTs cneayrouutx coGLi- ry A = foGveKr Gyxer oOnapyaxen xors Gor omUOHt He eraMtHA}; B = {oSvext Gyner oGuapymen Kanon wa crasi} Orser. P(A) =1—(1—p)m, P(B) = [1 — (1 — pple. 2.99. Vneeres rpynna ns & Kocamveckirx OGpextoB, KaAKHLT 118 KOTO PUX HesaDHOMO OF pYTHx OGnapyrusaeTet PaAKOAOKALTIOMMO! Crate uielt c Bepostnoctnio p. 3a TpynToh OGseKTOB veAYT HaGmonene HeSA- BHCHMO ADyT oT Apyra nt paaMoROKannonNEx crank. Hata vepost- HOCTS TOTO, HTO He BCe OGLEKTH, BXORSUKE B rpYnUIy, GYAYT ObWAPYZeHI. Pemet we, Tlepexonia x mporsnonorornony cobain A = face oopextar Oyayt oOxapyxenn):