Structural Steel Design According

to the 2005 AISC Specification

FLANGE WELDED / WEB

MOMENT CONNECTIONS
BOLTED
• Flange Welded / Web Bolted
• Flange Plate Welded / Web Bolted
• Flange Plate Bolted / Web Bolted
• Flange Tee- Stub Bolted / Web Bolted
• Moment End - Plate

661 662

Flange Welded / Web Bolted Flange Welded / Web Bolted

Partial penetration joint welds are not
Limit States: recommended.
• Girder Flange- to
- Column Flange Weld Fillet welds should develop the flange in
– Complete Joint Penetration (CJP) tension.
– Partial Joint Penetration (PJP) 0.9 Fyf t f (1)
Dreq 'd =
– Fillet welds 1.5 × 1.392 (1)
or
Mu (d − tf )
Dreq 'd =
1.5 × 1.392 × b f
663 664

CIMEPI - August 2007

Instructor: Thomas Murray, Ph.D., P.E.
Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
Structural Steel Design According
to the 2005 AISC Specification

Flange Welded / Web Bolted Flange Welded / Web Bolted

• Web Plate Limit States: Vu • Notes:

– Shear Yielding – Web plate connection is developed for direct
– Shear Rupture shear (no eccentricity)
– Bearing and Tear Out
– Block Shear – High seismic design requires special
– Weld Shear Rupture considerations

665 666

FLANGE PLATE WELDED / Flange Plate Welded / Web

WEB BOLTED Bolted
Limit States:
• Tension Flange Plate Yielding
Ffu = Mu / (d + tp,avg)
Ffu < φFy Ag
φ = 0.9 Ffu

Top plate is narrower than bf

Bottom plate is wider than bf
667 668

CIMEPI - August 2007

Instructor: Thomas Murray, Ph.D., P.E.
Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
Structural Steel Design According
to the 2005 AISC Specification

Flange Plate Welded / Web Bolted

Flange Plate Welded / Web
Bolted
• Tension Flange Plate Rupture
Ffu • Tension Flange Plate Weld
Ffu < φFu Ae = φFu U Ag w Ffu = Mu / d < φ Rn

φ = 0.75 Rn = Rwl + R wt Rwl

L
Using AISCS Table D3.1, Case 4, p. 29 max 0.85Rwl + 1.5Rwt
U = 1.0 for L > 2w Ffu
= 0.87 for 1.5w < L < 2w
= 0.75 for w < L < 1.5w
Rwt
669 670

Flange Plate Welded / Web Flange Plate Welded / Web

Bolted Bolted
• Beam Tension Flange Block Shear • Compression Plate Buckling (B4)
(Applies only with longitudinal welds) – Local buckling Stiffened
bf E
Tension Area b < 1.49
tp tp Fy
Unstiffened
Shear Area Unstiffened Stiffened Unstiffened b E
Element Element Element
< 0.56
tp Fy

671 672

CIMEPI - August 2007

Instructor: Thomas Murray, Ph.D., P.E.
Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
Structural Steel Design According
to the 2005 AISC Specification

Flange Plate Welded / Web Flange Plate Welded / Web

Bolted Bolted
• Compression Plate Buckling
– Flexural buckling • Compression Flange Plate Weld
Column Ffu = Mu / d < Σ (weld strengths)
For kL/r < 25
Flange
φPn = 0.9FyAg
For kL/r > 25 1.392 DLw

φPn = 0.9Fcr Ag L
and provisions of Chapter E apply
Ffu
k = 0.65

673 674

FLANGE PLATE BOLTED /

Flange Plate Bolted / Web Bolted
WEB BOLTED
• Tension Flange Plate Limit States are
Same as for a Tension Member:
1. Tension Yielding
2. Tension Rupture
3. Bearing and Tear Out
4. Block Shear

675 676

CIMEPI - August 2007

Instructor: Thomas Murray, Ph.D., P.E.
Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
Structural Steel Design According
to the 2005 AISC Specification

Flange Plate Bolted / Web Bolted Flange Plate Bolted / Web Bolted
b
Flange Plate 2 1 Tension Yield
• Flange Plate a, b Ffu
Block Shear 3 Ffu Block Shear
a, b

Bearing and 3 b
Tear Out
Tension Rupture 2 1 a
Ffu
b
Ffu
b
Note: For tension rupture c
a
φ Tn = 0.75 Fu Ae
c
with Ae = min (0.85 Ag, An)
677 678

Flange Plate Bolted / Web Bolted Flange Plate Bolted / Web Bolted

• Compression Plate Limit States: • Bolt Rupture

– Bearing and Tear Out Fu = Mu / d < Σ φrv
– Buckling
b
Column
Long connection rule (Table J3.2 Footnote [f])
tp
Flange When bearing-type connections used to splice
tension members have a fastener pattern whose
L length, measured parallel to the line of force,
Unstiffened Stiffened Unstiffened
Element Element Element k = 0.65 exceeds 50 in., tabulated values shall be reduced
Local Buckling Lateral Buckling by 20 percent
679 680

CIMEPI - August 2007

Instructor: Thomas Murray, Ph.D., P.E.
Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
Structural Steel Design According
to the 2005 AISC Specification

Flange Plate Bolted / Web Bolted Flange Plate Bolted / Web Bolted

• Girder Limit States: • Reduced Flexural Strength

– Reduced Flexural Strength
– Block Shear
– Bearing Tear-Out Vu

Mu

681 682

Flange Plate Bolted / Web Bolted Flange Plate Bolted / Web Bolted
• Reduced Flexural Strength (F13.1) where Yt = 1.0 for Fy/Fu < 0.8
= 1.1 otherwise
If Fu Afn < YtFy Afg Afg = flange gross area
F A Afn = flange net area
M n = u fn S x
A fg
Note: Hole reductions are based on tensile
If Fu Afn > YtFy Afg no reduction is needed. rupture strength.

683 684

CIMEPI - August 2007

Instructor: Thomas Murray, Ph.D., P.E.
Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
Structural Steel Design According
to the 2005 AISC Specification

Flange Plate Bolted / Web Bolted Flange Plate Bolted / Web Bolted
• Web Plate / Web Bolts Vu

• Beam Flange Ffu

Block Shear

a
Ffu a Same as for
b Flange Welded / Web Bolted Connection
b
(No Eccentricity)
685 686

FLANGE TEE-STUB BOLTED /

WEB BOLTED Flange Tee-Stub Bolted / Web Bolted

Limit States:
• Tee Stub
Tee Hanger
• Girder
Flange Plate Bolted
• Web Plate
Same as previous

687 688

CIMEPI - August 2007

Instructor: Thomas Murray, Ph.D., P.E.
Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
Structural Steel Design According
to the 2005 AISC Specification

COLUMN SIDE LIMIT STATES Column Side Limit States

• Flange Local Bending (J10.1)
Flange and Flange Plate Connections
• Flange Local Bending (J10.1)
• Web Local Yielding (J10.2) Tu
Tu
• Web Crippling (J10.3)
• Web Compression Buckling (J10.4) Stress
Concentration
• Web Panel Zone (J10.6)

689 690

Column Side Limit States Column Side Limit States

• Flange Local Bending (J10.1) • Web Local Yielding (J10.2)
Tu or Cu < φRn = 1.0 Fyc (5kdesign + tp) twc
Tu < φRn

5kdesign + N
φRn = 0.9 (6.25 tfc2 Fyc)
Tu or Cu
N = tp or tf
If Tu > φRn, half depth stiffeners required
2.5
± Fy
1

If Tu or Cu > φRn, half depth stiffeners required

691 692

CIMEPI - August 2007

Instructor: Thomas Murray, Ph.D., P.E.
Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
Structural Steel Design According
to the 2005 AISC Specification

Column Side Limit States Column Side Limit States

• Web Crippling (J10.3) • Web Compression Buckling (J10.5)
Same design rules as for beam bearing Cu < φRn
with 24 t 3wc E Fyc Cu Cu
N = tp or tf φR n = 0.9
Cu h
h = clear distance between fillets
(get from tabulated h/tw value)

If max Cu > φRn, full depth stiffeners required

If Cu > φRn, half depth stiffeners required
693 694

Column Side Limit States Column Side Limit States

• Transverse Stiffener Design
• Transverse Stiffener Design
(J10.8 Requirements) t bf or bp
ts
bs + wc ≥
tf or tp 2 3
t f or t p
bs Tu ts ≥
twc bf or bp 2
bs bs Local Buckling
≤ E/Fy
ts (Compression only)
> d/2
695 696

CIMEPI - August 2007

Instructor: Thomas Murray, Ph.D., P.E.
Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
Structural Steel Design According
to the 2005 AISC Specification

Column Side Limit States Column Side Limit States

• Total Stiffener Area
• Load Path Assumptions When R u − φR n
Transverse Stiffeners are Required Ast = (for Tension)
0.9 Fys
Assumptions: R u − φR n
Ast = (for Comp.)
Column resists φRn Clip 0.9 Fys
Stiffeners resist difference 3/4" Min. Clip
Stiffener Force = Cu,net or Tu,net 3/4" Min.
= (Cu or Tu) – min φRn
= Ru – min φRn
bs
Ast / 2
697 698

Column Side Limit States Column Side Limit States

• Stiffener-to-Flange Weld
• Stiffener-to-Web Weld
Recommend that weld develop the contact
area Vu / 2
Cu, net Tu, net
(0.9 or 0.85) Fy ( b s − clip) t s ( 0.9 or 0.85) Fy t s Vu / 2
D= =
1.5 (1.392) ( b s − clip) (2) 1.5 (1.392) (2)

Or Complete Joint Penetration Weld (CJP) Vu = Cu,net + Tu,net

699 700

CIMEPI - August 2007

Instructor: Thomas Murray, Ph.D., P.E.
Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
Structural Steel Design According
to the 2005 AISC Specification

Column Side Limit States Column Side Limit States

• Stiffener Design When Required for Web • Compression Member Design
Compression Buckling (J10.5) A = 25 tw2 + Ast
twc
Design as a twc k = 0.75

Compression Member L = dc – 2 tfc 25 twc

25 twc
kL/r
φFcr
φPn ts
with Cruciform ts
Cross Section. φPn > max Cu
Provisions are in AISCS J10.8.
701 702

Column Side Limit States Column Side Limit States

Pu

• Connections at Top of Columns • Web Panel Zone

Shear (J10.6)
Column side strengths Cu Cu
are approximately one-
half of above, see
specification sections
J10.1, J10.2, and J10.3.

703 704

CIMEPI - August 2007

Instructor: Thomas Murray, Ph.D., P.E.
Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
Structural Steel Design According
to the 2005 AISC Specification

Column Side Limit States Column Side Limit States

At section -AA When effect of panel zone deformation
M M
∑ Fu = d u1 + d u 2 − Vu on frame stability is not considered
m1 m2 (Section J10.6):
For Pu < 0.4 Py = 0.4 Fy Ag
d m1 = d1 − t f 1 ≈ 0.95 d1
Rv = 0.60 Fy dc twc (shear yielding)
d m 2 = d 2 − t f 2 ≈ 0.95 d 2
For Pu > 0.4 Py = 0.4 Fy Ag
∑F u < φR v φ = 0.9 Rv = 0.60 Fy dc twc [1.4 – (Pu / Py)]
705 706

Column Side Limit States Column Side Limit States

• Panel Zone Doubler Plate (J10.9) Vu

See J10.6(b) for strength when the effect of

If Σ Fu > φ Rv,
panel zone deformation on frame stability
a doubler plate is required.
is considered.

Vu = Σ F u – φ Rv

Note: Use two plates if required

thickness is greater than 1 in.
707 708

CIMEPI - August 2007

Instructor: Thomas Murray, Ph.D., P.E.
Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
Structural Steel Design According
to the 2005 AISC Specification

Column Side Limit States Column Side Limit States

• Panel Zone Doubler Plate
• Panel Zone Doubler Plate φVn = 1.0[0.6Fy (ht p )C v ]
h k E
Required tpd so that For ≤ 1.10 v then C v = 1.0 (Shear Yielding)
tp Fy
tp
Vu < φVn h k E
For 1.10 < < 1.37 v
φVn from AISCS Section G2 tp Fy

φ = 0.9 h = d - 2t f 1.10 k v E / Fy
Cv = (Inelastic Buckling)
h / tw
709 710

Example: Design Moment Example: Moment Connection

Connection W24x103 W14x159
A36 Plate
Pu1 = 1200 k
φMn 1,050 k-ft
3/4 in. A325-N Bolts d 24.5 in. 15.00 in.
Vu Story = 90 k
E70XX tw 0.550 in. 0.745 in.
W14x159
A992

W24x103
bf 9.000 in. 15.60 in.
W24x103
Vu = 60 k
A992 A992
Vu = 75 k tf 0.980 in. 1.190 in.
k 1 .79/2-½ in.
Mu = 1050 k-ft Mu = 1050 k-ft h/tw 15.3
A 46.7 in2
Pu2 = 1335 k T 10 in.
711 712

CIMEPI - August 2007

Instructor: Thomas Murray, Ph.D., P.E.
Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
Structural Steel Design According
to the 2005 AISC Specification

Example: Moment Connection Example: Moment Connection

W24x103 Web-to-Column Flange
W24x103 to Column 114"
• Girder Flange-to-Column Flange
Use Complete Penetration Welds 5/16
(CJP) with Backing Bars. 4 @ 3"

• Girder Web-to-Column Flange

13/16 in. holes
Single Plate
11
4" 11
2" 2"
No eccentricity considered.
PL 5/16 x 3 1/2 x 1’-2 1/2” A36
5 - 3/4 in. A325-N Bolts
713 714

Example: Moment Connection Example: Moment Connection

Vu = 75 kips • Column Side Design

Limit States: W24x103
Shear Yielding: φVn = 92.7 k OK
Shear Rupture: φVn = 82.6 k OK Mu = 1,050 ft-kips
Block Shear: φVn = 81.5 k OK
Bearing / Tear Out: φVn = 111.7 k OK
Tu = Cu = (1050 x 12) / (24.5 – 0.980)
Bolt Shear: φVn = 79.5 k OK
= 536 k
Weld Rupture: φVn = 201.8 k OK
715 716

CIMEPI - August 2007

Instructor: Thomas Murray, Ph.D., P.E.
Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
Structural Steel Design According
to the 2005 AISC Specification

Example: Moment Connection Example: Moment Connection

Vu = 90 k
Flange Local Bending (J10.1)

Tu = 536 k 1 2 C u = 536 k
φRn = 0.9( 6.25 tfc2 Fy)
23.52 in. 23.52 in. = 0.9 (6.25 x 1.192 x 50)
= 398 k < Tu = 536 k
C u = 536 k 4 3 Tu = 536 k
For This Loading, Half-Depth Stiffeners
Required at 1 and 3.
717 718

Example: Moment Connection Example: Moment Connection

Web Local Yielding (J10.3) - Continued Column Web Crippling (K1.4)
  N  t w   E Fyw t f
1.5

φR n = 0.75 (0.80) t w 1 + 3   

2
φRn = 1.0 (5 kdesign+ tf) Fy tw   d  t f   tw
= 1.0 (5 x 1.79 + 0.980) (50) (0.745)
= 369.9 k < Tu and Cu = 535.0 k W24x103
φRn = 556 k > Cu = 536 k OK
Half-Depth Stiffeners Required at all locations.
Use Full Depth Stiffeners Top and Bottom.
719 720

CIMEPI - August 2007

Instructor: Thomas Murray, Ph.D., P.E.
Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
Structural Steel Design According
to the 2005 AISC Specification

Example: Moment Connection Example: Moment Connection

Stiffener 1 – 2
Stiffener 1 – 2
Tension Side:
398
T1 = 536 − min Ast = 166 / (0.9 x 36) = 5.12 in2
370 C2 = 536 − 367
= 166 k = 166 k Compression Side:
Ast = 166 / (0.9 x 36) = 5.12 in2
Try PL 5/8 x 6
Vu = 166 + 166 Clip: -k tf=2.50
- 1.19=1.31” Use -1 ½”
= 332 k Ast = 2 (6 – 1.5) (0.625) = 5.63 in2 > Ast OK
721 722

Example: Moment Connection Example: Moment Connection

bs 6 95 95
= = 9.6 < = = 15.8 OK Stiffener Welds
ts 0.625 Fy 36
Flange:
ts = 0.625 in. > tfb / 2 = 0.980 / 2 = 0.490 in.
0.9 × 0.625 × 36
OK D= = 4.8 1/16ths
1.5 × 1.392 × 2
bs = 6 in. > (9.0 / 3) – (0.745 / 2) = 2.62 in. Use 5/16 in. FILLET welds
OK
Use 2 PL 5/8 x 6 Top and Bottom
723 724

CIMEPI - August 2007

Instructor: Thomas Murray, Ph.D., P.E.
Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
Structural Steel Design According
to the 2005 AISC Specification

Example: Moment Connection Example: Moment Connection

332 / 2 = 166 k
W14x159
166 / 2 = 83.0 k 166 / 2 = 83.0 k A992 2 PL 5/8 x 6

W24x103 W24x103
A992 A992

Web: T = 11.25 in.

D = (166) / (10.0 x 2 x 1.392) = 5.96
Minimum weld 5/16 in. 2 PL 5/8 x 6

Use 3/8 in. Fillets on Both Sides

725 726

Example: Moment Connection Example: Moment Connection

Panel Zone Doubler Plate Pu1 = 1200 k Panel Zone Pu1 = 1200 k
Vu Story= 90 k Vu = 536+ 536 – 90.0
Tu = 536 k Cu = 536 k = 982 k
Pu = (1200 + 1335) / 2 23.55 in. I
23.55 in.
= 1268 k
Cu = 536 k Tu = 536 k 0.4 Py = 0.4 Fy Ag
12.6 in. 12.6 in.
= 0.4 (50 x 46.7)
= 0.4 (2335) Pu2 = 1335 k

Pu2= 1335 k = 934 k < 1268 k

727 728

CIMEPI - August 2007

Instructor: Thomas Murray, Ph.D., P.E.
Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
Structural Steel Design According
to the 2005 AISC Specification

Example: Moment Connection Example: Moment Connection

Shear Strength of Column Web Use (2) 1 1/4 in. Web Doubler Plates
Since Pu > 0.4 Py = 934 k
φVn = 0.9 (0.6 Fy) (dc x twc) (1.4 – Pu / Py) h = d – 2 tf
= 0.9(0.6 x 50)(15.0 x 0.745) = 15.0 – 2 (1.190)
(1.4 – 1268 / 2335) = 12.6 in.
= 259 k < Vu = 980.0 k
Check Plate Buckling
980 − 259 h 12.6 29000
t dp,req'd = = 2.47 in. = = 10.0 < 2.45 = 69.5 OK
0.9(0.6 × 36)(15.0) t p 1.25 36
729 730

Example: Moment Connection Example: Moment Connection

Panel Zone Welds: Vu

Long side Short Side

Stiffener
Use minimum weld;
Vu (23.55 / 12.6)

 980 − 259   23 .55 

V uw =   
23.55 in.
5/16 in. Fillet Fill Valley
 2   12 .6  Doubler Plate
or Fill Valley
= 675 k
12.6 in.
D = 675 / (1.392 x 23.55) = 20.6
Use Complete Joint Penetration Weld (CJP)

731 732

CIMEPI - August 2007

Instructor: Thomas Murray, Ph.D., P.E.
Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
Structural Steel Design According
to the 2005 AISC Specification

Final Design
Pu1 = 1200 k

3/8 Vu Story = 90 k
2 PL 5/8 x 6
W14x159
Typ at Typ at
Flanges A992 5/16 Flanges

W24x103 W24x103
Workshop 11
A992 A992
Vu = 60 k Vu = 75 k

M u = 1050 k-ft Mu = 1050 k-ft

Typ. (2) 1 1/4 in Plates

2 PL 5/8 x 6 3/8
Pu2 = 1335 k
733 734

735 736

CIMEPI - August 2007

Instructor: Thomas Murray, Ph.D., P.E.
Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
Structural Steel Design According
to the 2005 AISC Specification

Moment End-Plate Connections Moment End-Plate Connections

4-Bolt Extended Unstiffened

737 738

Moment End-Plate Connections

8-Bolt Extended Stiffened

739 740

CIMEPI - August 2007

Instructor: Thomas Murray, Ph.D., P.E.
Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
Structural Steel Design According
to the 2005 AISC Specification

Moment End-Plate Connections

Flush Configurations
741 742

Moment End-Plate Connections Moment End-Plate Connections

Limit States:
• Tension Bolt Rupture
• End-Plate Flexural Strength
from Yield-Line Analysis
• Tension Flange Weld
• Web Welds
• Compression Side Bolt Shear
Extended Configurations
743 744

CIMEPI - August 2007

Instructor: Thomas Murray, Ph.D., P.E.
Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
Structural Steel Design According
to the 2005 AISC Specification

Moment End-Plate Connections Moment End-Plate Connections

• Web Welds • Compression Side Bolts

Weld designed to resist

web tension strength 2 db
Alternate:
Vu Design all bolts for
Weld designed to shear + tension
resist shear, Vu

Σ φ rv > Vu
745 746

Moment End-Plate Connections Light Bracing Connections

• 8-Bolt Extended Stiffened Tu

Assumption:
– Compression side bolts resist
all shear w.p.

Welded to the Column Flange

747 748

CIMEPI - August 2007

Instructor: Thomas Murray, Ph.D., P.E.
Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
Structural Steel Design According
to the 2005 AISC Specification

Light Bracing Connections Light Bracing Connections

Limit States Plate:
Tu
Angles: - Tension Yielding - Tension Yielding on Whitmore Section
- Tension Rupture
- Bearing / Tear Out
- Tension Rupture on Whitmore Section
Tu
- Block Shear w.p.
(0.85 Ag rule applies)
- Bearing / Tear Out
Bolts: - Shear Rupture - Block Shear if more than w.p.

one row of bolts

perpendicular to the direction of force
749 750

Light Bracing Connections Light Bracing Connections

Welds: Tu
- Weld Rupture on Whitmore Section
- Combined Tension and Shear
Tu

w.p.
fv fw = f v2 + ft2
w.p.

ft
Bolted to the Column Flange
751 752

CIMEPI - August 2007

Instructor: Thomas Murray, Ph.D., P.E.
Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
Structural Steel Design According
to the 2005 AISC Specification

Light Bracing Connections Light Bracing Connections

Limit States Tee Stem:
Angles: Tu
- Tension Yielding on Whitmore Section
- Tension Yielding - Tension Rupture on Whitmore Section
- Tension Rupture - Block Shear T
u

w.p.
- Shear Yielding
Weld:
w.p.
- Weld Rupture

753 754

Light Bracing Connections Light Bracing Connections

Tee Flange: Tu
Bolts:
- Flange Bending - Combined Shear Plus Tension
- Shear Yielding Column Flange:
- Shear Rupture w.p. - Flange Bending Tu

- Bearing / Tear Out - Bearing / Tear Out

- Block Shear Column Web:
w.p.
- Web Yielding

755 756

CIMEPI - August 2007

Instructor: Thomas Murray, Ph.D., P.E.
Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
Structural Steel Design According
to the 2005 AISC Specification

Heavy Bracing Connections Heavy Bracing Connections

• Gusset plate is welded to beam and bolted
to column

• No new limit states!!

• Forces determined using the Uniform

Force Method

757 758

V = T cos θ
T

H = T sin θ

Hc V c

Rc θ
β

eb w.p. Hb
Rb
Vb
φc
φb
o ec α

759 760

CIMEPI - August 2007

Instructor: Thomas Murray, Ph.D., P.E.
Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
Structural Steel Design According
to the 2005 AISC Specification

Heavy Bracing Connections Heavy Bracing Connections

∑F y =0 Column Forces
P cos θ = R c cos φc + R b sin φb (1) β ec
Vc = P Hc = P
r r
Beam forces
∑F x =0
α eb
P sin θ = R c sin φc + R b cos φb (2) Hb = P Vb = P
r r
Combining (1) and (2) and using angle
relationships where r= (α + ec )2 + (β + e b )2
761 762

Heavy Bracing Connections

Notes:
• Hb should be increased 25% to account for
redistribution of forces at gusset-to-beam
welds.
• Connection at column is a tee hanger
• Welds at beam resist shear plus tension

See 13th Edition Manual for other cases.

763 764

CIMEPI - August 2007

Instructor: Thomas Murray, Ph.D., P.E.
Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA