3 - BCRSP Fire Prevention and Protection Study Guide - 2014 Edition

Canadian
Registered
Safety
Professional
Fire Prevention &

Protection
Study Guide
Board of Canadian Registered Safety Professionals
6700 Century Avenue Suite 100, Mississauga, ON L5N 6A4
Tel: (905) 567-7198

Toll free: 1-888-279-2777
E-Mail: info@bcrsp.ca
Web: www.bcrsp.ca
Last Revision: 2014

BCRSP Guide to Registration © Page 1
Fire Prevention and Protection
FIRE PREVENTION AND PROTECTION (FPP)

This competency category was developed by Willcor Management, Lethbridge, AB.
Originally Developed: 2000 Last Revision Completed: 2015
Table of Contents
Suggested Reading ....................................................................................................................................... 2

Learning Objectives ...................................................................................................................................... 2
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 2
FPP1: Roles and Functions of Standard-setting Bodies ........................................................................... 2
FPP2: Understanding Codes and Standards ............................................................................................ 2
FPP3: Understanding Life Safety .............................................................................................................. 3
FPP4: Understanding Fire Chemistry and Behaviour ............................................................................... 3
FPP5: Understanding Fire Safety Programs ............................................................................................. 4
FPP6: Understanding Fire Prevention ....................................................................................................... 4
FPP7: Understanding Fire Detection Systems and Devices ..................................................................... 4
FPP8: Understanding Fire Control Systems and Devices ........................................................................ 5
Additional Information and Resources ...................................................................................................... 5
Recommended Additional Reading ........................................................................................................... 6
FPP1: Roles and Functions of Standard-setting Bodies ............................................................................... 7
FPP2: Understanding Codes and Standards ................................................................................................ 8
FPP3: Understanding Life Safety .................................................................................................................. 9
FPP4: Understanding Fire Chemistry and Behaviour ................................................................................. 11
FPP5: Understanding Fire Safety Programs............................................................................................... 12
FPP6: Understanding Fire Prevention ........................................................................................................ 13
FPP7: Understanding Fire Detection Systems and Devices ...................................................................... 14
FPP8: Understanding Fire Control Systems and Devices .......................................................................... 15
Additional Information and Support ............................................................................................................. 19
Suggested Reading
Della-Giustina, D.E. (2014). Fire Safety Management Handbook (third edition). New York: CRC Press
Taylor and Francis Group.
This text provides a comprehensive overview of the role of the occupational health and safety (OHS)
professional in the effective design and management of fire safety programs. The text features a series of
study guide questions and case studies at the end of each chapter that may assist the candidate in
learning the material. The one limitation to the text is that it refers to American legislation and resources.
Supplemental information and references are presented in the study guide to provide a Canadian
perspective and an overview of Canadian resources.
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Fire safety is an important component of OHS management systems. In order to effectively manage and
reduce the risks associated with fire in the workplace, a certification candidate must thoroughly
understand a number of important concepts related to fire prevention and fire protection. Fire safety
encompasses several components, many of which are clearly connected to aspects of other competency
categories such as OHS housekeeping, and hazardous materials handling and storage. Many OHS
professionals have fire prevention and fire protection as expressed responsibilities, but even those who
do not should have a good understanding of the basic concepts and how they are integrated with other
OHS management systems.
The Fire Prevention and Protection Study Guide includes the following eight competencies that are a part
of the CRSPEX Blueprint:
FPP1: Roles and Functions of Standard-setting Bodies

Reference material for this competency includes chapter 1 and Appendix D of the text as well as
supplemental Canadian resource information contained in the study guide.
This competency requires the candidate to demonstrate an understanding of the roles and functions of
standard-setting bodies (e.g., National Fire Prevention Association, Underwriters Laboratory, Factory
Mutual, Canadian Standards Association). The purpose of this section is to provide the candidate with a
guide to the many organizations that may be used as resources to obtain information about fire
prevention, fire protection and life safety. There are a variety of organizations that establish guidelines
and standards for safe practices. Organizations such as the Canadian Standards Association (CSA), the
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), Underwriters Laboratories (UL), and Factory Mutual (FM),
conduct testing of products and materials and provide standards and guidelines for workplace safety.
Specific learning objectives for this competency are outlined below. The candidate should be able to:
1) Describe the nature and importance of consensus standards as guides to practice for safety
professionals.
2) Identify the major roles played by four specific standards making organizations: CSA, NFPA,
UL, and Factory Mutual.
FPP2: Understanding Codes and Standards

Reference material for this competency includes chapter 1 of the text as well as supplemental Canadian
and European resource information contained in the study guide.
This competency requires the candidate to demonstrate an understanding of codes and standards as
applied to fire safety, which included\s the National Building Code and the National Fire Code. In Canada
the National Building Code and the National Fire Code provide legislative guidance for workplace safety
in building construction and operation. Both of these codes are developed through the National Research
Council (NRC) in Ottawa. The provinces/territories have the option of adopting the codes or amending
them to reflect provincial/territorial practices and interests. The National Building Code and National Fire
Code are available through the Queen’s Printers and through the NRC at http://codes.nrc.ca
Specific learning objectives for this competency are outlined below. The candidate will be able to:
1) Articulate the purpose of the National Building Code and the National Fire Code and will be
able to explain the differences in the purpose and scope of the two documents.
2) Understand that there are other codes, such as those developed by the European Union that
may influence building design and construction, but that Canadian codes take precedence
within Canada.
FPP3: Understanding Life Safety

Reference material for this competency is chapter 5 of the text.
This competency requires the candidate to demonstrate an understanding of life safety, including building
design and location, construction methods, and construction materials. This section deals with the basic
principles of building construction and highlights the importance of considering life safety factors such as
facility location and layout in the early stages of building planning. This section also considers
management approaches for assuring life safety and outlines the importance of building codes and safe
building practices.
Specific learning objectives for this competency are outlined below. The candidate shall:
1) Define the term “life safety” as it pertains to building construction and shall demonstrate an
understanding of the 21 accepted terms and requirements that pertain to life safety code
requirements.
2) Identify the appropriate codes that pertain to buildings in their jurisdiction and shall articulate the
role that codes play as a management approach to assuring life safety.
3) Understand the three categories of combustibility and the five types of building construction, and
discuss their importance to life safety issues.
4) Demonstrate an understanding of basic building safety concepts such as flame spread rating, fire
loading, and compartmentalization.
FPP4: Understanding Fire Chemistry and Behaviour

Reference material for this competency is chapter 2 of the text, and the supplemental reading by Carter
(1990).
This competency requires the candidate to demonstrate an understanding of fire chemistry and
behaviour. The purpose of this material is to outline the basics of fire chemistry and fire behaviour in order
that the candidate may understand how fire starts and burns, and how fires can be prevented and
extinguished. This section provides a conceptual basis for other competencies concerned with fire
detection and fire control. Understanding basic fire chemistry and behaviour is a necessary prerequisite to
other competencies.
Specific learning objectives for this competency are outlined below. The candidate shall be able to:
1) Provide a definition of fire.

2) Define and explain the fire triangle and the fire tetrahedron and shall be able to explain the
significance of each and the differences between them.
3) Identify the four different classes of fire and provide examples of each.
4) Identify the three stages of fire development and three methods of heat transfer
5) Define and explain the terms “flashover” and “backdraft” as they relate to fire behaviour.
FPP5: Understanding Fire Safety Programs

Reference material for this competency includes chapters 3 and 10 of the text.
This competency requires the candidate to demonstrate an understanding of fire safety programs. This
section provides an overview of the essential elements of a workplace fire safety program and
demonstrates how a fire safety program may be integrated with larger loss prevention and control
programs. An overview of the fire safety concepts tree is presented to illustrate the linkages between fire
safety objectives, the prevention of fire ignition, and the management of fire impact. This section also
outlines the role of industrial fire brigades and highlights the importance of emergency planning.
The specific learning objectives for this competency are outlined below. The candidate shall:
1) Identify the major components of the fire safety concepts tree.

2) Describe eight performance-based objectives that should be included in a comprehensive fire
safety management program.
3) Identify five basic responsibilities for an industrial fire brigade.
4) Demonstrate an understanding of the three steps in the emergency planning process.
5) Demonstrate an understanding of the precautions necessary to minimize the risks associated
with cutting and welding, smoking in the workplace, and other potential sources of ignition.
FPP6: Understanding Fire Prevention

This competency requires the candidate to demonstrate an understanding of fire prevention. This section
builds on the material in the previous competency with a specific emphasis on preventative measures that
can be taken to prevent fires and other emergencies from occurring in the workplace.
The specific learning objectives for this competency are outlined below. The candidate shall:
1) Identify the major principles of a fire prevention program.

2) Describe the basic components and functions of a plant self-inspection.
3) Demonstrate an understanding of the precautions necessary to minimize the risks associated
with cutting and welding, smoking in the workplace, and other potential sources of ignition.
FPP7: Understanding Fire Detection Systems and Devices

This competency requires the candidate to demonstrate an understanding of fire detection systems and
devices. This section provides an overview of the different types of automatic fire detection systems.
Each type of system has its advantages and disadvantages. The overall purpose of fire detection systems
is to detect the presence of fire quickly and provide an alarm or warning to building occupants in order
that quick and appropriate responses may be initiated.
1) Understand and articulate the basic principles of fire detection.

2) Identify and describe the basic operating principles of ultra violet and infrared flame detectors.
3) Identify and describe the basic operating principles of fixed-temperature and rate-of-rise thermal
fire detectors.
4) Identify and describe the basic operating principles of the different types of smoke detectors and
outline the basic factors an OHS professional should consider when selecting a smoke detection
system.
5) Outline the basic operating principles of air sampling detectors and describe the advantages of
these systems.
FPP8: Understanding Fire Control Systems and Devices

Reference material for this section includes chapters 7 and 8 of the text, and the supplemental reading by
Scott (1997) on halon alternatives. For those who require more detailed information, NFPA 10, Standard
for Portable Fire Extinguishers, and NFPA 25, Standard for Inspection, Testing and Maintenance of
Water-based Fire Protections Systems, may be consulted.
This competency requires the candidate to demonstrate an understanding of fire control systems and
devices. While fire detection systems studied in the previous section are essential for the detection of fire,
their primary function is to provide an alarm or warning to alert occupants and emergency responders to
the presence of fire. Fire control systems go a step further than detection systems in that they detect fire
and sound an alarm, but they also automatically initiate action to confine or control the fire. The most
common type of fire control systems are automatic fire sprinkler systems which are designed to apply
water automatically to a fire at its place of origin in the incipient stage. In addition to automatic fire
sprinkler systems, there are many other types of fire control systems that operate on a variety of
extinguishment principles.
1) Explain the three basic operating features of automatic sprinkler systems and outline the four
basic types of systems.
2) Demonstrate a knowledge and understanding of other automatic fire control systems including:
carbon dioxide systems; foam extinguishing systems; halon and halon alternative extinguishing
systems; water mist systems; and dry chemical extinguishing systems.
3) Describe the basic types of portable fire extinguishers and shall outline five basic factors that
contribute to the effective use of portable fire extinguishers.
4) Outline the basic principles of fire sprinkler maintenance and inspection.
5) Outline the basic principles for the inspection and maintenance of portable fire extinguishers.
6) Outline the basic principles of self-inspection and identify alternative inspection services that may
be available.
7) Identify the cardinal rule that should be followed when shutting off water to repair sprinkler
systems.
Additional Information and Resources

There is a great deal of information, and many resources available, to provide assistance with planning
for and dealing with emergencies. Since the events of September 11, 2001, the federal governments in
both Canada and United States have undertaken major departmental reorganization and have put
additional resources into disaster planning and preparedness. Public Safety and Emergency Planning
Canada (PSEPC) provides many resources in Canada through their website:
http://www.publicsafety.gc.ca. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is the main
coordinating body in the United States that produces many useful pamphlets and guides available at:
http://www.fema.gov
Recommended Additional Reading
1) Canadian Codes Centre (2014). “About the Codes”. Available on line at:
www.nationalcodes.nrc.gc.ca
2) CSA International (2014). “About CSA International”. available on line at: http://www.csa-
international.org/about/
3) Carter, H.R. (1990). “Chemistry of fire – the basics”. The Voice. April, pp. 12-13.
4) Taylor, G. (2002) “Gaseous extinguishants – alternatives to halon 1301”. Industrial Fire Journal,
March; pp 29 – 31.
5) The Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG2012), http://phmsa.dot.gov/hazmat/library/erg
6) Emergency Preparedness Canada (2014), A Guide to Business Continuity Planning
http://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/rsrcs/pblctns/bsnss-cntnt-plnnng/index-eng.aspx
FPP1: Roles and Functions of Standard-setting Bodies

CHAPTER 1 Fire prevention and protection are primary concerns for any OHS professional.
CONSENSUS STANDARDS When considering issues of fire safety in the workplace there are many
organizations that can be called upon for guidance and assistance. There are
several organizations that are standards setting bodies that establish standards
and guides to practice. These standards and guidelines outline accepted standards
and practices. They can be utilized by OHS professionals as reference materials to
inform practice and legitimate action. Standards are typically developed on the
basis of broad-based consultations with a variety of stakeholders and interest
groups. The term consensus standard refers to a democratic committee-based
process where representatives of diverse set of interest groups including
designers, manufacturers, installers, regulators, and consumers meet and confer
and attempt to reach consensus regarding acceptable standards that will serve the
safety and best interests of all those involved.
SUPPLEMENTAL READING The Canadian Standards Association (CSA) is an independent, not-for-profit

ON CSA organization established in 1919. CSA tests products and systems to ensure they
meet with CSA and/or other recognized standards. CSA certification indicates the
product or system has been evaluated under a formal process that includes
examination, testing, and follow-up inspection to ensure it complies with all
applicable standards. The well-recognized CSA symbol appears on over one billion
products worldwide.
Further information on CSA is available on-line at http://www.csa-international.org
CHAPTER 1 The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) is an international association that
NFPA is based in the United States in Quincy Massachusetts, a suburb of Boston. The
NFPA’s mission is to prevent the loss of life and property from fire. The NFPA is a
technical and educational organization. Its primary technical activity is the
production of consensus standards. These standards cover a variety of topics
relating to fire prevention and protection. The standards are written in such a way
that they can be adopted into laws or regulations or incorporated by reference. For
example, the National Building Code (NBC) prescribes that fire sprinkler systems
must be installed in compliance with NFPA Standard 13, Standard for the Design
and Installation of Fire Sprinkler Systems.
CHAPTER 1 Underwriters Laboratories Inc (UL) is an independent organization that provides

UL testing for the public. It operates laboratories for testing devices, systems and
materials and determines whether they meet safety standards affecting life and
property. The UL sticker or label is similar to the CSA label and signifies that the
product has been tested and meets established safety standards. While UL tests
and approves a wide variety of products and devices, the primary areas of concern
for the OHS professional are burglary protection, casualty, building construction,
electrical, fire protection, and marine.
CHAPTER 1 Factory Mutual (FM) is an organization comprised of four insurance companies

FM with shared interest in industrial fire safety. FM conducts research, develops
standards, and issues approval on materials and fire protection equipment. FM
also offers an annual Approval Guide that lists protective equipment, building
materials, safeguards for combustion, and other items that have been tested by the
organization.
FPP2: Understanding Codes and Standards

SUPPLEMENTAL READING The National Building Code of Canada (NBC) provides minimum requirements for
ON CODES health, life safety, and structural sufficiency in new buildings. It also applies to the
alteration, change of use and demolition of existing buildings. The National Fire
Code of Canada (NFC) provides minimum fire safety requirements for buildings,
structures, and areas where hazardous materials are used. The NFC ensures an
acceptable level of fire protection and fire prevention in the ongoing operation of
buildings. Both codes are developed on a consensus basis under the guidance of
the National Research Council through committees composed of a variety of
stakeholders. The codes are revised and updated every five years and are
subjected to public review and comment as part of the revision process. Under
Canadian law, the regulation of building construction and fire prevention and
protection are responsibilities delegated to the provinces/territories. Each
province/territory has the option of adopting the national codes in their entirety or in
some revised or amended form. Many provinces/territories amend the national
codes to reflect provincial/territorial practices and interests. Further information is
available on-line at http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca
While Canada's national construction codes have continually improved over the
years, they have also become somewhat more complex. An initiative has therefore
been undertaken to develop an easier-to-understand, easier-to-implement system
of objective-based codes. The 2005 and 2010 versions of the building code and the
2005 version of the fire code have adopted this new format. Objective-based codes
include explanations of underlying aims that will help users understand clearly the
reasons behind the requirements. This approach is intended to capitalize on the
flexibility and equivalencies within the codes. If a new method or technology is
shown to achieve the intended purpose of the code, it can be recognized as an
acceptable alternative.
The Eurocodes (European technical standards) are the Europe-wide means for the
structural design of buildings and other civil and engineering works. The first
Eurocodes were published in 2002 using a consensus-based validation process.
With the ever increasing rate of globalization, many large corporations have
locations in many different countries and continents and may have design
engineers located outside of Canada. However, it is important to note that
Canadian standards apply to all buildings in Canada and there are many
differences between Canadian and European standards. More details about
European building codes are available at:
http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/sectors/construction/eurocodes/index_en.htm
FPP3: Understanding Life Safety
CHAPTER 5 Assuring the life safety of workers is both a legal and a moral obligation of
LIFE SAFETY employers. Life safety is a major concern of the OHS professional and there are
many resources that can be utilized to identify standards, codes of conduct and
guides to practice. NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, contains fundamental life safety
requirements. It is a comprehensive document that classifies occupancies, details
the requirements of means of egress, outlines the requirements for fire protection
and building services, and provides guidelines for specific types of occupancies.
Life safety is also a fundamental principle and objective considered in the National
Building Code of Canada and the National Fire Code of Canada.
CHAPTER 5 While each different building and facility may have unique design requirements and
21 ACCEPTED LIFE physical features, there are number of basic life safety concepts that apply to every
SAFETY TERMS
facility and can be used by the OHS professional and other managers to identify
and abate many life safety hazards. Life safety hazards can be identified by
conducting regular inspections that are guided by a concern for basic life safety
considerations. Basic terms outlined by the NFPA that the candidate should be
familiar with include: means of egress; exit access; exit discharge; number of
means of egress; egress width; door width; impediments; locked doors; occupant
load; exit capacity; travel distance; lighting; emergency lighting; marking the means
of egress; stairs; hazard contents; occupancy; fire alarm system;
compartmentation; interior finish; headroom. When inspections are conducted it is
necessary for the OHS professional to ensure that these required life safety
features are present and properly maintained.
CODES As discussed in the previous section, the establishment and enforcement of

building and fire codes in Canada are provincial/territorial responsibilities. The NBC
and NFC are national standards than may be adopted or revised by the
provinces/territories. Both the NBC and the NFC adopt many NFPA Standards by
reference or inclusion. While all provinces/territories retain centralized control and
responsibility for the establishment and ongoing revision of codes, enforcement is
often delegated to municipalities. It is important for the candidate to identify the
authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) in the particular area where buildings and
facilities are located. The NFPA defines an AHJ as an organization, office, or
individual responsible for enforcing the requirements of a code or standard, or for
approving equipment, materials, an installation, or a procedure. In Canada, this
may be a local municipality (city, town, village, county), or may be a
provincial/territorial or the federal government. The candidate should identify the
AHJ for any given worksite and the AHJ should be consulted regarding the
applicable codes and the methods of inspection and enforcement in the particular
location. It is a fundamental responsibility and duty of the candidate to familiarize
him/herself with the local regulations and to ensure compliance.
CHAPTER 5 Building codes contain the minimum requirements for design and construction of
CONTENT OF CODES buildings. The NBC was originally developed as a prescriptive code that describes
what material can be used in construction, the size certain building and
compartments can be, and accepted techniques for the assembly of the structure’s
components. As a prescriptive code, the NBC specified minimum requirements
related to issues such as structural stability, fire resistance, means of egress,
sanitation, lighting, heating and ventilation, and safety equipment such as alarms
and fire suppression systems. As of 2005, the NBC has been published as an
objective-based code rather than a prescriptive code. This means that the
underlying purpose or intent of the various requirements will be specified, and there
will be increased flexibility in accepting new methods or technologies that meet the
objectives of the code, subject to the approval of the AHJ.
CHAPTER 5 The text outlines a step-by-step management process that can be used to ensure
MANAGEMENT that life safety standards are followed. The candidate should familiarize him/herself
APPROACHES
with the management process outlined in these guidelines. Following these
guidelines will help ensure that life safety hazards are identified and mitigated in
the workplace.
CHAPTER 5 Consideration of life safety issues should begin at the design stage before building
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION construction begins. Building design and selection of construction materials should
be informed by a consideration of the potential risks and hazards that will exist
when the building is completed and occupied. When choosing construction
materials the combustibility and the fire resistive properties should be considered.
Combustibility has three aspects to it: flame spread, fuel contributed, and smoke
development. The text outlines five types of building construction identified in
NFPA 220 that relate to different levels of combustibility and fire resistance ratings.
CHAPTER 5 The fire resistive characteristics of building materials are an important

FIRE RESISTANCE consideration when choosing building materials and products. The flame spread
rating of a product provides an indication of it fire resistive capability. No
construction material in existence can totally resist impairment from fire. For
effective fire protection, the building components must be able to support normal
structural loads, contain the spread of smoke and fire gases, and prevent
excessive heat flow for a reasonable period of time.
CHAPTER 5 The concept of fire load is an important consideration in building design. Fire load
FIRE LOAD is a measure of the maximum heat that would be produced if all the combustibles
in a given area burned. Fire load includes combustible contents (furniture,
decorations, books, paper, stored goods, and so forth) as well as combustible
components of the building. A calculation of the fire load in a particular building or
section of a building is necessary in order to determine the level of fire protection
that is required. This will include the rate of flow for automatic suppression devices
such as fire sprinkler systems, as well as the amount of water or other
extinguishment agents that must be available for fire fighters.
CHAPTER 5 A method of controlling and containing a fire is known as compartmentalization.

FIRE COMPARTMENTS This is a key concept in building design that prevents the spread of fire from one
area of a building to another. Fire compartments are created through the use of
firewalls and fire resistive windows and doors. Firewalls and fire doors are rated by
agencies such as UL and CSA based on the period of time that they can withstand
exposure to fire. UL publishes a directory known as “fire resistance code C", which
is available as a hard copy or on CD-ROM. Volume 1 covers hourly fire ratings for
beams, columns, floors, roofs, walls and partitions. Volumes 2A and 2B include fire
rated systems; such as construction joints, through penetration fire stops, perimeter
(curtain walls) fire containment systems, electrical circuit protective systems, and
fire resistive duct assemblies. Volume 3 includes dampers, fire doors, hardware
and frames, glass blocks and glazing materials, and leakage rated door
assemblies.
http://www.ul.com/global/eng/pages/corporate/aboutul/publications/directories/
FPP4: Understanding Fire Chemistry and Behaviour
CHAPTER 2 According to the text, fire is a chemical reaction that may be defined as: “self-
DEFINITION OF FIRE sustained oxidation of a fuel that emits heat and light”.
CHAPTER 2 Three variables are required in order to initiate a fire: fuel, oxygen and heat. These
THE FIRE TRIANGLE three variables form the fire triangle which is shown in the text. Fire prevention
involves taking steps to prevent these three variables from combining. Fire
prevention strategies include controlling fuels, controlling oxygen sources, and
controlling heat sources.
CHAPTER 2 Once a fire begins, there are four variables required to sustain it. These are fuel,
THE FIRE TETRAHEDRON oxygen, heat, and chemical chain reactions. These four variables represent the fire
tetrahedron which is diagramed in the text. Chemical chain reactions are ongoing
within the flame. These reactions involve the oxidation of fuel molecules and the
reduction of oxygen molecules. Chemical chain reactions produce smoke which
contains byproducts of combustion such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide,
carbon and other molecules. Fire can be extinguished by removing heat, oxygen or
fuel or by inhibiting chemical chain reactions. The concept of fire protection
assumes fire will occur and focuses on eliminating or controlling the variables in the
fire tetrahedron. Fire prevention on the other hand, attempts to control the variable
in the fire triangle before fire occurs.
CHAPTER 2 Fires are classified into four general classes based upon the type of fuel that is
CLASSES OF FIRES consumed and the agents used in extinguishment. Class A fires involve ordinary
combustibles such as wood, paper, cloth, rubber and some plastics. Class A fires
are usually extinguished with water because it can penetrate the fuel and absorb
heat. Class B fires involve flammable and combustible liquids and gases such as
gasoline, alcohol and propane. Common extinguishing agents for Class B fires are
foam, carbon dioxide and dry chemicals that serve to smother the fire or reduce the
oxygen concentration available in the burning zone. Class C fires involve energized
electrical equipment. Class C fires can be extinguished by nonconductive
extinguishing agents such as dry chemicals and inert gases. Class D fires involve
combustible metals such as magnesium, sodium, titanium, powdered aluminium,
potassium, and zirconium. Class D fires can be extinguished by special agents
produced for the specific metal.
CHAPTER 2 There are two ways that heat sources ignite fire: (1) they provide a flame that
HEAT TRANSFER directly ignites a fuel; or (2) they heat the fuel to its autoignition temperature. In
SUPPLEMENTAL READING
both of these cases heat must be transferred to the fuel. Heat is transferred in
through three different methods: conduction, convection, and radiation. Examples
of these methods are provided in the supplemental reading by Carter (1990).
Understanding these methods of heat transfer is important for the candidate in
order to identify potential hazards and prevent fires before they occur.
CHAPTER 2 Fire evolves through three specific stages as the fuel and oxygen available are
STAGES OF FIRE consumed. The incipient stage is the first or beginning stage of a fire. This is the
stage where the fire has just begun and there is ample fuel and oxygen available.
Following the incipient stage a fire evolves to the free-burning stage. During the
free-burning stage the self-sustained chemical reactions intensify, greater amounts
of heat are produced, and the fuel and oxygen are consumed rapidly. Flashover
often occurs during the free-burning stage of a structure fire. Flashover occurs
when the contents of a room simultaneously reach their ignition temperature and
become involved in flames. When flashover occurs, temperatures can exceed 2000
0 F, making human survival nearly impossible. The third stage in the evolution of a
fire is called the smoldering stage. This stage occurs as a result of the carbon
monoxide and carbon dioxide produced in the free burning stage. When the
oxygen concentration is reduced less than 15% by volume the chemical reaction
associated with fire will not have sufficient oxygen to support free-burning
combustion. When a fresh supply of oxygen is introduced to a fire at the
smoldering stage sudden flaming combustion can re-occur, creating a condition
known as a backdraft. In some cases a backdraft can be so violent that an
explosion will occur making human survival nearly impossible.
FPP5: Understanding Fire Safety Programs
CHAPTER 3 NFPA Standard 550, Fire Safety Concepts Tree can be applied to the development
FIRE SAFETY CONCEPTS of a fire safety system for all building structures. The candidate should use the Fire
Safety Concepts Tree (FSCT) as a guide for developing and implementing a
workplace fire safety management program. There are three major components to
the FSCT. The first component is Fire Safety Objectives. Three primary objectives
are life safety, property conservation, and business continuity. The second
component is Prevent Fire Ignition. The basic concepts outlined in the previous
chapter help to provide the candidate with a basic understanding of these
concepts. Strategies to control fire ignition include controlling ignition sources,
controlling heat transfer, and controlling fuels. The third component of the FSCT is
Manage Fire Impact. Strategies associated with this area include controlling fuel;
controlling the environment; automatically or manually suppressing fire; and
controlling fire with construction.
CHAPTER 3 A fire safety management program is divided into eight elements that can be
EIGHT OBJECTIVES OF A expressed as performance based objectives. The eight areas are: Inspections;
FIRE SAFETY PROGRAM
Education and Training; Fire Suppression; Emergency Services; Evaluation of Fire
Possibility; Fire Prevention; Reports and Record Keeping; and Communications.
CHAPTER 3 An industrial fire brigade is an essential part of every plant emergency plan. The
INDUSTRIAL FIRE size, nature, and expectations of the industrial fire brigade will vary depending on
BRIGADES
the size, location and value of the plant. Management must decide what type and
size of fire brigade is required and must support the brigade through the provision
of resources, equipment and training. NFPA 600, Industrial Fire Brigades, provides
guidelines for organizing an industrial fire brigade. There are five basic
responsibilities that should be fulfilled by an industrial fire brigade:
i) supervise evacuation drills.

ii) operate firefighting equipment (extinguishers and hoses)
iii) provide emergency scene first aid and CPR if needed.
iv) conduct inspections
v) implement emergency shutdown procedures.
CHAPTER 3 Emergency planning is essential in order to avoid losses and injuries to people,
EMERGENCY PLANNING damage to property, and disruptions to the continuity of business. There are three
essential steps in the emergency planning process. The first step is to recognize
and identify hazards and assess potential vulnerabilities. Types of emergencies
and vulnerabilities should be ranked to allow for the prioritization of resources later
in the planning process.
The second step is to contemplate the most likely and severe emergencies and
develop plans for dealing with them. The plans should include consideration of
aspects such as escape routes and assembly locations for evacuees, access
routes for fire fighters, water supply, detection and alarm systems, communication
methods, automatic fire suppression, and protection of adjacent compartments and
structures.
The third step is to ensure that the organization is capable of implementing the
emergency plan. This involves regular drills, rehearsals, and simulations.
Emergency plans must be tested through practice in order to ensure that all
personnel are aware of their duties and responsibilities and to uncover weaknesses
in the plan and unanticipated challenges.
FPP6: Understanding Fire Prevention
CHAPTER 3 Fire prevention is an essential component of emergency planning. Fire prevention

EMERGENCY PLANNING is a proactive approach intended identify potential hazards and avoid incidents of
fire. Over the years Fire Prevention Canada has developed a number of
educational programs for residential fire prevention such as “plan to get out alive”
and “change your clock change the battery in your smoke alarm”. Similar
approaches should be taken to commercial and industrial fire prevention. The text
suggests that the goals of emergency planning are to provide for life safety,
conserve property and assure business continuity.
CHAPTER 3 The text suggests that a plant self-inspection program is an important factor in
PLANT SELF-INSPECTION obtaining insurance coverage. A self-inspection program should focus on issues
such as good housekeeping, fire prevention practices, proper maintenance of fire
protection systems and equipment safe handling of hazardous materials and other
fire safety controls. The four types of self-inspection are periodic, intermittent,
continuous and special. Insurance companies, the NFPA, fire protection
consultants, and potentially even the local fire department may have standardized
forms to use a guide for completing a self-inspection. The text provides a sample
inspection report form that gives some insight into the types of issues that should
be addressed through a self-inspection process.
CHAPTER 2 & 3 Sections of the text dealing with the fire triangle and a number of potential ignition
SOURCES OF IGNITION sources are outlined. Some sources are: open flames from torches and pilot lights;
sparks from electrical equipment; hot surfaces such as electrical motors, wires, and
pipes; radiant heat from boilers and portable heaters; lightning; static discharges;
arcing from wires or electrical equipment; heat from mechanical friction or hydraulic
oil under pressure; chemical reactions that produce heat; heat from slow oxidation
or fermentation. While all of the potential sources of heat and ignition included in
this general list are worthy of attention, there are two specific hazards that require
special attention in the workplace. These are cutting and welding, and smoking.
NFPA 51B, Fire Prevention in Use of Cutting and Welding Processes, provides an
outline of precautions to be observed as well as sample forms that can be used to
ensure workplace safety. Smoking in the work place is also a major cause of fire
loss and should be an area of concern for management. Smoking should be
prohibited in areas where there is a presence of flammable liquids or gases,
combustible dusts, combustible fibers, storage or processing of combustible
materials. Smoking in indoor workplaces and public places is banned in all
territories, provinces, and federally regulated buildings. However, some
jurisdictions allow specific exemptions to the smoking ban. As a result of indoor
smoking bans, many businesses designate outdoor smoking areas for employees.
Outdoor smoking areas should be located away from windows, doors and air
intakes, however specific laws vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. For example
British Columbia specifies a three metre radius while Alberta law requires a five
metre radius. The candidate must become familiar with the provincial/territorial
regulations as well as any municipal by-laws that may be in effect.
FPP7: Understanding Fire Detection Systems and Devices

CHAPTER 6 The overall purpose of fire detection systems is to detect the presence of fire
PURPOSE quickly and provide an alarm or warning to building occupants in order that quick
and appropriate responses may be initiated. There are many different types of fire
detection systems and devices available, and each has its advantages and
disadvantages. The candidate must understand the basic purposes and operating
principles of each of the different types in order to make informed decisions about
the most appropriate type of system for a particular application.
CHAPTER 6 There are two basic components to a fire detector system. The first is a device that
TYPES OF SYSTEMS detects the presence of fire, and the second is an audible-visual alarm that serves
to warn occupants and/or the local fire department of the fire condition. NFPA 72,
National Fire Alarm Code, identifies three basic types of fire detectors. The three
types relate to the method by which detection occurs. These are heat detectors
that sense thermal energy, flame detectors that sense radiant energy, and smoke
detectors that sense airborne particles. The effectiveness of fire detection systems
is dependent upon the proper selection of the appropriate type of detection system,
as well as the proper placement and installation of the detectors.
CHAPTER 6 Flame detectors activate in response to radiant energy generated by the flame or
FLAME DETECTORS combustion. Two types of flame detectors commonly used are ultraviolet (UV)
detectors and infrared (IR) detectors. Ultraviolet and infrared flame detectors are
sensitive devices that can be set off accidentally by a variety of causes such as arc
welding, matches, lighters, and even direct sun light. The selection and placement
of flame detectors should be based on an engineering survey of anticipated
conditions as well as a thorough understanding of their principles of operation.
CHAPTER 6 Heat detectors are designed to detect the thermal output or heat from a fire. There
HEAT DETECTORS are two basic types of heat detectors that the candidate should be familiar with.
The first is fixed temperature detectors, which include spot detectors intended for
use in small areas, as well as line detectors that are electrically operated and
activated by temperature. The second type of heat detector is the rate-of-rise
detector that is designed to a threshold rate of heat rise. Rate-of-rise detectors are
best suited to situations where a relatively fast developing fire is expected.
CHAPTER 6 Smoke detectors respond to the visible and invisible products of combustion. There
SMOKE DETECTORS are two basic types of smoke detectors. The first type described in the text uses a
photoelectric sensor to detect the presence of smoke particles. Photoelectric
detectors are relatively sensitive to smoke from smoldering fires but react slowly to
flaming fires. There is a limitation to where photoelectric detectors can be placed
because they need a relatively powerful supply of electricity to operate and can not
be operated by batteries. The second type is the ionization smoke detectors that
detect combustion products such as carbon and carbon rich particles. Ionization
detectors can operate on a high voltage electrical supply or on low voltage
batteries. They are designed for both spot detection and air duct detection.
Ionization detectors respond well to flames but are relatively insensitive to
smoldering fires. The text summarizes five considerations and four factors that
should be considered in choosing a particular type or combination of types of
detectors. The candidate should be familiar with these considerations and factors.
CHAPTER 6 A more sophisticated method of fire detection is the air sampling detector. Air
AIR SAMPLING sampling detectors are suitable for use in computer rooms, telecommunication
facilities, offices and residences. A stream of air is continuously drawn into and
expelled from the detector, and xenon lamps are used to analyze the particles in
the air. Xenon-based air sampling detectors are considered the most reliable and
valid measures of fire intensity.
FPP8: Understanding Fire Control Systems and Devices

CHAPTER 7 Fire control systems are designed to detect fire and react to it automatically in
SPRINKLER SYSTEMS order to signal building occupants and confine the fire to the area of origin. The
most basic and versatile fire control system is the automatic fire sprinkler system.
Automatic fire sprinkler systems use water as an extinguishing agent and are
designed to apply water to the area of origin when a fire is in the incipient stage.
Sprinkler systems consist of a water supply, a control valve, a system of pipes that
distribute the water, and sprinkler heads with heat sensitive fusible links or bulbs.
Fire sprinkler systems should be designed by certified designers and installed by
certified installers. NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems
provides the performance criteria and design specifications for all types of
automatic sprinkler systems. The NBC provides guidelines regarding the sizes and
types of buildings that require automatic sprinkler systems.
CHAPTER 7 There are four basic types of automatic sprinkler systems. The wet pipe system is
TYPES OF SPRINKLER
the simplest type of system. It also is the quickest reacting system since there is
SYSTEMS
water in the pipes at all times. If a sprinkler head is activated the water sprays out
immediately. Wet pipe systems can only be used in areas where the temperature is
always above freezing levels. The dry pipe system can be used to protect property
in areas that are susceptible to freezing temperatures. Dry systems are filled with
pressurized air or nitrogen that must be released from the system before the water
will flow. When a sprinkler head is activated the release of pressure in the system
activates the water flow. The water must reach the sprinkler head within sixty
seconds of activation. The deluge system is different from the previous two types in
that the sprinkler heads are not plugged by fusible links or bulbs. In the deluge
configuration all sprinkler heads are open and a fire detection system is connected
to a sprinkler valve. If fire is detected the valve is opened and water is supplied to
all of the sprinkler heads. The pre-action system is a combination of a dry system
and an alarm system. A fire detection system is connected to the sprinkler valve
and if it is activated that it expels the pressurized air or nitrogen from the system
and supplies the system with water. Water does not actually flow however unless a
sprinkler head is activated. The pre-action detectors typically activate at a
temperature lower than the activation temperature of the sprinkler heads. The pre-
action phase signals an alarm and allows time for human intervention before the
water flow is initiated. This type of system is often used in computer rooms and
other locations that are sensitive to water damage.
CHAPTER 7 While automatic fire sprinkler systems are the most common and widely used fire
CO2 SYSTEMS control systems, there are also a variety of other systems available that use
different extinguishment agents and methods. Carbon dioxide systems are
specifically engineered for specific hazards. Carbon dioxide systems are designed
to displace the oxygen supply in the burning zone and extinguish the fire. The use
of carbon dioxide systems is limited to Class A and Class B fires. The text provides
examples of appropriate and inappropriate applications of carbon dioxide systems.
The candidate should be familiar with these different applications.
CHAPTER 7 Foam is another alternative extinguishing agent that serves to displace oxygen and
FOAM smother a fire. Foam can be generated chemically or mechanically. There are
various types of foams available and various systems for applying them. If they are
used correctly for their intended purpose foams can be a valuable tool for
controlling, extinguishing, and confining fires in the workplace.
CHAPTER 7 & Halon is an extinguishing agent that works by interrupting the chemical chain
SUPPLEMENTAL READING reactions that occur during combustion. The halon family includes fluorine,
chlorine, bromine, and iodine. Between 1960 and 1980 halons were used
extensively in libraries and computer rooms. Halon systems were designed to
automatically flood a total room with halon gas in order to extinguish a fire. Further
research has discovered however, that halons decompose when exposed to high
heat and they remain in the atmosphere for long periods of time and deplete the
ozone layer. In 1987, Canada was one of 24 countries that signed an agreement to
limit the production and consumption of halons. Since that time there has been
ongoing research intended to identify suitable substitute products. NFPA 2001,
Standard on Clean-Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems, outlines the requirements for
design installation, testing, and maintenance of fire suppression systems utilizing
clean agents. The supplemental reading on Halon and Halon alternatives provides
additional information on this topic.
CHAPTER 7 Water Spray Systems are a recent adaptation of fire sprinkler systems that use
WATER SPRAY SYSTEMS high pressure to create water mist. Spray systems are designed to extinguish fires
by cooling, smoothing and dilution. NFPA 15, Standard for Water Spray Fixed
Systems for Fire Protection, outlines the requirements for the design, installation,
testing and maintenance of water spray systems.
CHAPTER 7
DRY CHEMICAL
Dry Chemical Extinguishing Systems are effective on Class A, B, and C fires. They
EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS are typically designed for use on flammable liquids and grease fires. Dry Chemical
extinguishing agents provide a small smothering effect, and inhibit chemical chain
reactions in fires. Dry Chemical agents are commonly used in portable
extinguishers, and engineered systems. NFPA 17, Standard for Dry Chemical
Extinguishing Systems, outlines the requirements for design, installation, testing,
and maintenance of dry chemical extinguishing systems.
CHAPTER 7 Portable fire extinguishers are required to be located in highly visible and
PORTABLE FIRE accessible locations in the workplace. The authority having jurisdiction will
EXTINGUISHERS
establish minimum requirements for locating portable extinguishers. They are often
the first line of defense against fire and are intended to be used by trained
personnel when a fire is in its incipient stage. Portable extinguishers are classified
by recognized testing laboratories such as UL on the basis of the Class of fire they
may be used on, and the extinguishing capacity of the extinguisher. Five basic
factors that contribute to the effective use of portable fire extinguishers are:
1) People must be trained in the use and handling of extinguishers.

2) Extinguishers must be placed in suitable locations.
3) Extinguishers must be in sound working order.
4) Suitable types of extinguishers must be provided for the type of hazards likely
to be encountered.
5) Early warning of the fire is required for the extinguisher to be effective.
Guidelines for the various types of portable fire extinguishers may be found in
NFPA 10, Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers.
CHAPTER 8 An additional component of an effective fire safety management program is the

CARE, MAINTENANCE AND development of a systematic approach to ensure that fire protection systems will
INSPECTION
perform as expected if and when an emergency incident occurs. A systematic
approach includes inspection, testing, and maintenance following guidelines
established by manufacturers and by the NFPA. Owners and managers are
responsible to ensure that fire protection systems are in working and reliable
condition. A preventive maintenance program should be developed to identify what
systems, assemblies, and components will be inspected, tested and maintained, as
well as the actions that will be taken. A sample inspection form is provided in the
text and should be reviewed by the candidate.
CHAPTER 8 The inspection and maintenance of fire sprinkler systems requires that all
SPRINKLER SYSTEMS components of the system from the water supply to the sprinkler heads be closely
examined. NFPA 25, Standard for the Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of
Water-Based Fire Protection Systems, outlines the maintenance frequencies and
good practices for caring for sprinkler systems. The inspection of sprinkler heads
should focus on the accumulation of foreign materials such as dirt, dust, paint, and
others. The accumulation of foreign materials on sprinkler heads is commonly
called loading. Loading can delay or prevent the activation of a sprinkler head.
Sprinkler systems are also susceptible to corrosion, and inspection and

maintenance programs should be designed to identify potential risks and provide
for the necessary remedial actions. The text outlines five basic principles for fire sprinkler maintenance.
The candidate should be familiar with these principles.
CHAPTER 8 According to the text, the inspection of portable fire extinguishers should confirm
INSPECTION OF PORTABLE that the fire extinguisher is:
FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
• located at a designated place

• conspicuously located
• easily accessible
• fully charged
• untampered and not vandalized
• protected from the environment and incidental damage
It is recommended that an inspection of this type be conducted at the beginning of

each month by the fire brigade or other persons designated by the manager.
CHAPTER 8 Maintenance of fire extinguishers involves checking the moving parts and
MAINTENANCE assemblies. It is recommended that maintenance be conducted at least once per
year, after use, or when a monthly inspection identifies a problem such as damage
or leaking. Accurate records of inspection and maintenance must be maintained
and are the responsibility of management.
CHAPTER 8 Self-inspection is an essential part of a systematic approach to fire safety. Self-

INSPECTIONS inspection involves the development of inspection systems designed to identify any
potential problems or deficiencies that may develop through the course of normal
operations. Self-inspections can be scheduled around specific events such as
changes in the seasons and scheduled plant shutdowns. Self-inspections protect
the interests of managers and owners by systematically identifying and remedying
problems or potential problems and deficiencies. In addition to self-inspections,
other agencies such as insurance companies and fire departments may request
inspections. It is always in the best interests of mangers and owners to cooperate
with these types of inspections in order to ensure functionality of systems and
compliance with policies and regulations. For complex inspections and testing of
sprinkler systems and fire pumps, specialized contractors may be hired. Most
contractors will follow a format that is acceptable to insurance carriers.
CHAPTER 8 Often times the maintenance or testing of a sprinkler system requires the system to
SPRINKLER SHUT-DOWN be shut down and a temporary interruption of the fire protection occurs. When
sprinkler protection is interrupted, every effort must be made to minimize the
duration of the interruption. A cardinal rule is to notify the fire department whenever
a sprinkler system has been temporarily disabled. Work that requires shutting off
the sprinkler system should be scheduled for times when the least hazard exists. It
is advisable to conduct sprinkler testing and maintenance during evenings,
weekends, or some other time that the plant is idle. Emergency plans should be in
place to provide alternative water supplies and firefighting tactics in the event that
an emergency occurs while the system is shut down.
Additional Information and Support
CHAPTER 11 Chapter 11 of the text provides an overview of the United States Fire
Administration.
OVERVIEW This material is not directly relevant to the candidate but is, nonetheless
recommended reading for this competency category. It is valuable for the
candidate to be familiar with the issues faced by USFA since many similar issues
and concerns exist in Canada. An important resource developed by the USFA is
the Learning Resource Center (LRC) online card catalog. This is a searchable
database of emergency management literature and other written material. The
online card catalog can be utilized by the candidate to locate additional
information and resources. The card catalog can be accessed at:
www.lrc.fema.gov/
SUPPLEMENTAL While the text provides an overview of the US federal resources, this supplement
READING provides an overview of Canadian federal resources. In both Canada and the
United States major departmental reorganization took place in the wake of the
events of September 11, 2001. In the United States, the Department of
Homeland Security was established to coordinate the efforts of a variety of
agencies including the Federal Emergency Management Agency. Similarly, in
Canada, new initiatives were undertaken to increase coordination of a number of
agencies. On December 12, 2003, the Prime Minister created the portfolio of
Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness to further close security gaps and
ensure that our national interests and our people are protected. The Department
provides policy leadership and delivers programs and services in the areas of
national security, emergency management, policing, border security, corrections
and crime prevention. It also ensures policy cohesion among the six agencies
that report to the Minister, including the Royal Canadian Mounted Police,
Canadian Security Intelligence Service, the Canada Border Services Agency,
Canada Firearms Centre, Correctional Service of Canada and National Parole
Board.
On October 8, 2004, legislation was introduced in the House of Commons to

establish the Department of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness. The
Bill became law on March 23, 2005. Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness
Canada (PSEPC) combines the core activities of the previous Department of the
Solicitor General, the Office of Critical Infrastructure and Emergency
Preparedness, and the National Crime Prevention Centre. The new Department
is part of the portfolio of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness that
includes the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, the Canadian Security Intelligence
Service, the Correctional Service of Canada, the National Parole Board, the
Canada Firearms Centre, the Canada Border Services Agency, and three review
bodies.
With this Bill, the Government of Canada established the legislative foundation
for powers, duties and functions of the Minister of PSEPC relating to public safety
and emergency preparedness. More specifically, the Bill provides for:
• the leadership role of the PSEPC Minister relating to public safety and
emergency preparedness, while respecting the Prime Minister's
prerogative in matters relating to national security and the statutory
authorities of other Ministers;
• the Minister to establish strategic priorities for and coordination of the

portfolio agencies, while respecting their distinct mandates as enshrined
in their respective enabling legislations;
• cooperation with provinces/territories, foreign states, international
organizations and others on matters pertaining to public safety and
emergency preparedness; and
• facilitating the sharing of information among public safety agencies as is
authorized under current Canadian law.
An on-line version of the legislation is available at www.parl.gc.ca
Copies of Canada's National Security Policy are available at:

http://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/ntnl-scrt/scrng-eng.aspx

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Fire Prevention &

Tel: (905) 567-7198

Last Revision: 2014

FIRE PREVENTION AND PROTECTION (FPP)

Originally Developed: 2000 Last Revision Completed: 2015

Suggested Reading ....................................................................................................................................... 2

FPP1: Roles and Functions of Standard-setting Bodies

FPP2: Understanding Codes and Standards

FPP3: Understanding Life Safety

FPP4: Understanding Fire Chemistry and Behaviour

1) Provide a definition of fire.

FPP5: Understanding Fire Safety Programs

1) Identify the major components of the fire safety concepts tree.

FPP6: Understanding Fire Prevention

1) Identify the major principles of a fire prevention program.

FPP7: Understanding Fire Detection Systems and Devices

1) Understand and articulate the basic principles of fire detection.

FPP8: Understanding Fire Control Systems and Devices

Additional Information and Resources

Recommended Additional Reading

FPP1: Roles and Functions of Standard-setting Bodies

SUPPLEMENTAL READING The Canadian Standards Association (CSA) is an independent, not-for-profit

Further information on CSA is available on-line at http://www.csa-international.org

CHAPTER 1 Underwriters Laboratories Inc (UL) is an independent organization that provides

CHAPTER 1 Factory Mutual (FM) is an organization comprised of four insurance companies

FPP2: Understanding Codes and Standards

FPP3: Understanding Life Safety

CODES As discussed in the previous section, the establishment and enforcement of

CHAPTER 5 The fire resistive characteristics of building materials are an important

CHAPTER 5 A method of controlling and containing a fire is known as compartmentalization.

FPP4: Understanding Fire Chemistry and Behaviour

FPP5: Understanding Fire Safety Programs

i) supervise evacuation drills.

FPP6: Understanding Fire Prevention

CHAPTER 3 Fire prevention is an essential component of emergency planning. Fire prevention

FPP7: Understanding Fire Detection Systems and Devices

FPP8: Understanding Fire Control Systems and Devices

1) People must be trained in the use and handling of extinguishers.

CHAPTER 8 An additional component of an effective fire safety management program is the

Sprinkler systems are also susceptible to corrosion, and inspection and

• located at a designated place

It is recommended that an inspection of this type be conducted at the beginning of

CHAPTER 8 Self-inspection is an essential part of a systematic approach to fire safety. Self-

Additional Information and Support

On October 8, 2004, legislation was introduced in the House of Commons to

• the Minister to establish strategic priorities for and coordination of the

An on-line version of the legislation is available at www.parl.gc.ca

Copies of Canada's National Security Policy are available at:

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