Heat Transfer Empirical Expressions for Fins on Tubes, Schmidt (1949) pres- cents approximate, but resonably accurate, analytical expressions (for computer use) forthe fn efficiency of circular, rectangular, and hexagonal atays of fins on round tubes, as show in Figures 5,9, and 10, respectively. Rectangular fn atays are used for an in-line tube arrangement in Finned-ube heat exchangers, and hexagonal arrays are used for staggered tubes. Schmidt’ empirical solution is given by tanh(mr4Z) = @ me here ris tube radius, m = ./FK7EB, 6 ~ fin thickness, and Zis siven by [re ira)— HED +035 In ‘where isthe actual or equivalent fn tip radius, Fo cfreular fins, rity the actual ratio of fin tip rads to tube radius, Forretangue lar fins Figure 9), ring = 28WIB=02 where M ane L are defined by Figure 9 as a’ or b/2, depending on whieh is greeter. For hexegonal fns (Figure 10), relty = VATA B=03 Yew B= L/Mal Fig, 10 Hexagonal Tube Array 47 ‘where W and Bare defined as previously, and Mand -are defined by Figure 10 as @ or b (whichever is less) and 0.5 (@/2=05, respectively, For constant-thickness square fins on around tube (L = Min Fig ure 9), the effcieney of aconstansthickness annular fin ofthe seme area can be used, For more accuracy, particularly with rectangular fins of large aspect ratio divide the fin into circular sectors as deseribed by Rich (1966). (Other sources of information on finned surfaces are listed inthe References and Bibliography. Surface Effiieney. Heat transfer from & finned surface (ex, tube) that includes both fin area 4, and unfinned or prime area 4, is sven by 1 UigAy* Why Xt, —8) o Assuming the heat ransfer coefficients forthe fin and prime sur- faces are equal, a surface efficiency 9, can be derived as yt, a 09) where A = A, + dy isthe total surface are, the sum of the fin and prime areas. The heat transfer in Equation (8) can then be writen as, TW ha) = ohAl,~F, ay ‘where 1M) isthe finned surface resistance Example 3. An aluminum tbe with A= 186 Wien K) "OD ~ SO mm Aas cele aluminum fine 9~ | mm hick with an oust ameter of Dy ~ 100 mim. Tete are V'~ 280 fins pr mewe of tbe Tength, Steam condenses inside the tbe at ~ 200"C with large het transfer codfsien on the inner tube surface, Air at = 25°C is ‘eatd bythe steam. The hot tafe cooeient ouside the tube is +40 Wir? K), Find he rate of hear ransfer pr mee of tube lent Solution: From Figur 3's ofioncy curve, the eMctncy ofthese elite fii W = Dyq~0D1/2 = (0.10-0.05)/2 = 0.025 m X/%,= 010/015 = 20 : ~ 089 fees lrewteaaT °° The fines r= 1 mis 4,=250*2a(D}, ~ OD*V4 = 2.985 mt ‘The unined ares for =I mis dg" OD» I} -N8)=n(005 my mt 2500001) 0118? nd the otal area A= 4, + y= 3.068 m,Surceefceney is and resistance ofthe Snnedsurfice is = 9134107 KW Tube wal resistance i (00/1) n(5/4s) R i DT TT mL T86 WRT) = 9.02% 10° KW ‘he reo het raster then