Assignment

Name: prakash b vaza

Roll no: 19bpe102
Subject: physics
Topic: sonoluminescence

ABSTRACT
Ultrasonically driven gas bubbles in liquids can emit intense bursts of light when
they collapse. The physical mechanism for single-bubble sonoluminescence has
been much debate. The conditions required for, and generated by, bubble collapse
can be deduced within the framework of a hydrodynamic analysis of bubble
dynamics and stability and by considering the dissociation and outward diffusion of
gases under the extreme conditions induced by collapse. We show here that by
extending this hydrodynamic/chemical picture in a simple way, the light emission
can be explained too. The additional elements that we add are a model for the
volume dependence of the bubble's temperature and allowance for the small
emissivity of a weakly ionized gas. Despite its simplicity, our approach can account
quantitatively for the observed parameter dependences of the light intensity and
pulse width, as well as for the spectral shape and wavelength independence of the
pulses.

MECHANISM OF PHENOMENA
 Sonoluminescence is a phenomenon that occurs when a small gas bubble is
acoustically suspended and periodically driven in a liquid solution at ultrasonic
frequencies, resulting in bubble collapse, cavitation, and light emission. For
example in a single-bubble sonoluminescence (SBSL), a single bubble is
trapped in an acoustic standing wave and emits bursts of light with each
compression of the bubble. It was realized that temperatures inside bubbles can
reach unbelievable values of thousands of Kelvins.
 The mechanism of sonoluminescence however remains unsettled. There are
plenty of theories including hotspot, bremsstrahlung radiation, collision-induced
radiation, corona discharges, nonclassical light, proton tunneling, etc

Applications
 This phenomena has found its large application in the field of Medical
science, mostly in sonography’s this phenomena takes place.
 This process is mainly used in medical application for diagnosis,
therapy and even surgery.
 Mixture segregation within sonoluminescence bubbles.
 Determination of specific mineral element present in the rock texture.
 Shielding of vortex rings through single-bubble sonoluminescence,
 Sonoluminescence as an indicator of cell membrane by acoustic
cavitation.
 Evaluation of the cavitation potential of the mechanical heart valve.
 References

 Britannica encyclopedia
 The journal of acoustical society of America.
 Journal of unsolved questions
 Journal of fluid mechanic.