1. 5’ to 3’ direction.

2. Short sequences of DNA nucleotides synthesized discontinuously and later linked

together by ligase to form the lagging strand.
3. DNA gyrase reduces the torsional strain created by the unwinding of DNA by helicase.
This is achieved by relaxing positive supercoils by negative supercoiling.
4. Nucleoside triphosphate is a type of nucleotide made of a nitrogenous base and three
phosphate groups bonded to a pentose sugar. They are precursors to DNA and RNA.
They lose two phosphate groups when incorporated into DNA during replication.
5. SSB binds to separate strands during replication to keep them separated so they can be
used as a template for DNA replication.
6. Primase.
7. Ligase.
8. DNA polymerase I
9. DNA polymerase III
10. Leading strand.