Pfdv`rsdlhl Fhkdifhn „[hf Nuds Bifzhbh l` Dkh”

Jhkunthl l` Dfb`fd`ríh Kdvdn

D. KP@[
KP@[\D
\DI
IFHSD
FHSDI
I L@ @KIF
@KIFI
IMDH
MDH UH
UHSH
SH DFB@
FB@FD@S
FD@SI[
I[

8. ¹Kûm
¹Kûmi
i L`jdfdmis
L`jdfdmis `n \ärmd
\ärmdfi
fi @kifimí
@kifimíhh y @kifimíh
@kifimíh [ist`fdc
[ist`fdcn`9
n`9

@kifimíh
[` l`jdf` h nh `kifimíh kimi Kd`fkdh [ikdhn,
p`
p`ri
ri ¹U
¹Uir
ir quä9
quä9 L`
L`cd
cdli
li h qu
qu`
` su ic
ico`
o`ti
ti l`
`s
`stu
tuld
ldi
i thm
hmcd
cdäf
äf `s
`sttè r`
r`nnhk
hkdi
difh
fhli
li ki
kif
f nh
nhss
hktd
hktdvd
vdlh
lhl`
l`ss y kimp
kimpir
irth
thmd
md`f
`fti
ti l` nis
nis s`r`
s`r`ss
aumhfis. Uir ni thfti nh @kifimíh `stuldh nhs
hktd
hktdvd
vdlh
lhl`
l`ss l` mh
mhf`
f`oi
oi l` r`
r`ku
kurs
rsis
is,, cd
cd`f
`f`s
`s,,
kim`rkdhndzhkdûf, ldstrdcukdûf y kifsumi kif `n
jdf l` shtdsjhk`r nhs f`k`sdlhl`s l` nis s`r`s
aumhfis.

@kifimíh [ist`fdcn`
¹Xuä
¹Xuä `s [i
[ist
st`f
`fdc
dcn`
n`9
9 Hl
Hlo`
o`tdtdvi
vi qu
qu`
` l`
l`sk
skrd
rdc`
c` hn
hnbi
bi qu`
qu` pu`l
pu`l`
` su
sust
st`f
`fth
thrs
rs`
` y
kifs`rvhrs` pir sí mdsmi sdf hnt`rhr jhktir`s `xt`rfis.
Uirr `n
Ui `nni
ni s` `s
`sth
thcn
cn`k
`k`
` `n tä
tärm
rmdf
dfi
i l` @k
@kif
ifim
imíh
íh [ist
[ist`f
`fdc
dcn`
n` qu
qu`
` df
dfkn
knuy
uy`
` nh
kifs`rvhkdûf l` ni hmcd`fthn `s l`kdr nis r`kursis qu` fis ijr`k` nh fhturhn`zh
mhft`fdäflinh `f `qudndcrdi kif nhs hktdvdlhl`s l` nhs p`rsifhs phrh ushr `stis
r`kursis l` mhf`rh r`fthcn`.
 

Pfdv`rsdlhl Fhkdifhn „[hf Nuds Bifzhbh l` Dkh”

Jhkunthl l` Dfb`fd`ríh Kdvdn

Jdfhfkd`r
i

[ikdhn

Hmcd`ft`

3. ¹Xuä s` `ftd`f
`ftd`fl`
l` kimi F`k`s
F`k`sdlhl`
dlhl`ss [ikdhn`s
[ikdhn`s9
9
¹Xuä `s f`k`sdlhl9
F`k`sdlhl `s hqu`nni qu` sd i sd l`c`mis t`f`r, qu` `s dfldsp`fshcn` y prdmirldhn
phrh fu`strh vdlh y vdvdrnh `f pn`fdtul.
@f kifoufti kif ni sikdhn, `s hqu`nnh `f nh qu` fi sini dft`rvd`f` uf dfldvdlui sdfi
uf kifoufti l` `nnis, ufh picnhkdûf. F`k`sdlhl qu` `sth picnhkdûf r`qud`r` kif
urb`fkdh y `s juflhm`fthn phrh su cd`f`sthr

Fi sini s`rè? TI F@K@[D\I sdfi FI[I\SI[ F@K@[D\HMI[.

F@K@[D\HMI[.
 

Pfdv`rsdlhl Fhkdifhn „[hf Nuds Bifzhbh l` Dkh”

Jhkunthl l` Dfb`fd`ríh Kdvdn

Uhrqu`s zifhs
l` r`kr`hkdif
`f cu`f
`sthli
[`rvdkdis
Chsdkis
[hnul, Hbuh,
@f`rbdh
\rhfspirt` y
Kimufdkhkdif

;. ¹Kuè
¹Kuèn`s
n`s sif nhs
nhs kifsdl`r
kifsdl`rhkdif
hkdif`s
`s qu` s` utdndzh
utdndzh phrh nh
nh `n`kkdûf
`n`kkdûf l` uf
Khpdthn Dfv`rsdûf9
Khpdthn? cd`f`s y l`r`kais. Kif ni qu` ku`fths
(`n hktdvi).
Dfv`rsdûf? Hktdvdlhl phrh b`f`rhr rdqu`zh.

@st` Khpdthn l` Dfv`rsdûf sif nis r`kursis

jdfhfkd`ris qu` s` td`f`f ldspifdcn`s phrh
ip`rhr `f `n m`rkhli.
[` l`c`f t`f`r `f ku`fth?
 Nis C`f`jdkdis qu` fis crdflhrh ufh dfv`rsdûf `f kd`rti Uriy`kti
 Nh @stdmhkdûf l` Kistis.
<. ¹Kuè
¹Kuèn`s
n`s kr``f
kr``f qu` sif nis
nis jhktir`s
jhktir`s l` äxdti
äxdti l` uf priluk
prilukti,
ti, Uriy`kti
Uriy`kti i
F`bikdi9

\ilis nis Uriy`ktis i F`bikdhs `f su prdm`rh `thph l` Kr`hkdûf td`f`f `n

ico`tdvi l` [htdsjhkkdûf l` F`k`sdlhl`s, phrh nn`bhr h nh m`th s` f`k`sdthf kd`rtis
jhktir`s kimi?
 

Pfdv`rsdlhl Fhkdifhn „[hf Nuds Bifzhbh l` Dkh”

Jhkunthl l` Dfb`fd`ríh Kdvdn

  Knhrdlhl `f nh l`jdfdkdûf l` ico`tdvis?  t`f`r uf

pripûsdti l`jdfdli y fi thmchn`hr `f su prik`si.
  [`r @jdkd`ft`s ? S`hndzh
S`hndzhrr l` nh m`oir mhf`rh, `f `n
m`fir td`mpi, `n trhchoi l`s`mphøhli

  [`r S`spifshcn`s? Kumpndr kif nhs \hr`hs

pribrhmhlhs y hsumdr `rrir`s.

  Kifik`r h nh p`rj`kk
p`rj`kkdûf
dûf nh Hktdvdlh
Hktdvdlhll `f nh qu` s`
dfv`rtdrè? @stuldhr `n Èr`h l` l`shrrinni l`n
prilukti phrh crdflhr m`oir khndlhl hn knd`ft`.
  Dmphkti `f `n Kifsumdlir?  `n prilukti i priy
priy`kti
`kti l`c` s`r ÿtd
ÿtdnn y f`k`shrdi
phrh `n knd`ft`.
  Ldj`r`f
Ldj`r`fkdhrs`
kdhrs` l` nh Kimp`t`fkdh ? mhrkhrnh ldj`r`f
ldj`r`fkdh
kdh kif nhs l`mès
`mpr`shs qu` ijr`zkhf ni mdsmi, phrh s`r nis pr`j`rdlis l`n knd`ft`.

  Fi s`r Dmprivdshlis? fi ahk`r trhchois l` ÿntdmh airh qu` pu`lhf hj`kthr

nh priluktdvdlhl. \ili l`c` s`r pnhf`hli.

  [`r U`rs`v`rhft`s? Fi r`fldrs` hft` ufh khílh `kifûmdk
`kifûmdkh,
h, pnhfdjdkhr m`oir 
y ushr m`oir`s `strht`bdhs l` dfv`rsdûf.

0. ¹Kûm
¹Kûmi
i l`jdfdmi
l`jdfdmiss nh L`mhflh
L`mhflh y ij`rth
ij`rth `f
`f nh Mdkri`ki
Mdkri`kifimí
fimíh9
h9

Nh Mdkri`kifimíh `s ufh rhmh l` nh @kifimíh qu`

`stu
`stuld
ldh
h `n kimp
kimpir
irth
thmd
md`f
`fti
ti y ti
timh
mh l`kd
l`kdsd
sdif
if`s
`s l`
hb`ft`s dfldvdluhn`s kimi ufh jhmdndh, ufh `mpr`sh y
su r`nhkdûf ` dft`rhkkdûf kif `n M`rkhli.
 

Pfdv`rsdlhl Fhkdifhn „[hf Nuds Bifzhbh l` Dkh”

Jhkunthl l` Dfb`fd`ríh Kdvdn

Nh l`mhflh l`ftri l` nh Mdkri`kifimíh s` l`jdf` kimi nh vhrdhkdûf l` pr`kdis

l` nis priluktis `f `n m`rkhli kif r`sp`kti h nh hkibdlh l`n kifsumdlir (sd ni
r`qud`r` mès i fi ni f`k`sdth).
Nh Ij`rth hchrkh `n kifoufti l` cd`f`s y s`rvdkdis qu` s` pu`l`f ijr`k`r.

:. ¹Kuè
¹Kuèn`s
n`s sif nhs
nhs vhrdhcn`s
vhrdhcn`s qu` kifsdl
kifsdl`rhrí
`rhríhh phrh nh timh
timh l` l`kdsdif
l`kdsdif`s
`s
`kifûmdkhs `f dfv`rsdif`s l` Uriy`kti l` Dfb`fd`ríh9

@n khmpi l` nh dfb`fd`ríh `kifûmdkh s` r`nhkdifh kif nh `vhnuhkdûf sdst`mètdkh l`

nis c`f`jdkdis y kistis l` priy`ktis l` dfv`rsdûf phrh l`t`rmdfhr sd priluk`f i
p`rm
p`rmdtdt`f
`f hair
hairrh
rhrr sujd
sujdkd
kd`f
`ft`
t` `j
`j`k
`ktdtdvi
vi ph
phrh
rh bh
bhrh
rhft
ftdz
dzhr
hr nh r`
r`ku
kup`
p`rh
rhkd
kdûf
ûf l` nh
nhss
dfv`rsdif`s l` khpdthn

 Uricn`mh?  Kim
Kimpr`f
pr`fl`
l` `n r`k
r`kifi
ifikdm
kdmd`f
d`fti
ti
l`n pricn`mh, su jirmunhkdûf, `sthcn`kd`fli
kuèn`s sif sus `n`m`ftis y `f qu` m`ldi
ikurr` y nh `vhnuhkdûf l`n pricn`mh `f `n
qu`
qu` s` l`nd
l`ndmd
mdth
thf
f nhs
nhs f`k`
f`k`sd
sdlh
lhl`
l`ss y ni
niss
r`qu`rdmd`ftis.
 Ipkdif
Ipkdif`s
`s jhktdc
jhk n`s??  @xdb
tdcn`s @xdb`
` uf hf
hfèn
ènds
dsds
ds
pr`ndm
pr`ndmdfh
dfhr,
r, phr
phrh
h l`t
l`t`rm
`rmdfh
dfhrr sd sht
shtdsj
dsjhk`
hk`f
f nhs `sp`kd
`sp`kdjdk
jdkhkd
hkdif`s
if`s i nhs
`xk`l`f.
 L`shrrinni l` nis jnuois l` `j`ktdvi phrh khlh ipkdûf? Hkkdif`s qu`
priluk`f `ftrhlhs l` `j`ktdvi y nhs hkkdif`s qu` priluk`f shndlhs l`

`j`ktdvi.
 

Pfdv`rsdlhl Fhkdifhn „[hf Nuds Bifzhbh l` Dkh”

Jhkunthl l` Dfb`fd`ríh Kdvdn

 [`n`kkdûf
[`n`kkdûf y `st
`sthcn
hcn`kd
`kdmd`
md`fti
fti l` krd
krdt`r
t`rdis
dis l` l`k
l`kdsdûf?  Hfh
dsdûf? Hfhndz
ndzhr
hr `n
kimpirthmd`fti l` nis jnuois l` `j`ktdvi h phrtdr l` nis priy`ktis l`
dfv`rsdûf.
  Hfèndsds y kimphrhkdûf l` ipkdif`s phrh nh timh l` l`kdsdif`s?  [`
khnkun
khnkunhf
hf nis dfl
dfldkh
dkhlir
lir`s
`s `ki
`kifûm
fûmdki
dkiss phr
phrh
h
khlh ipkdûf y s` kimphrhf nis priy`ktis.
 [`n`
[`n`kk
kkdû
dûf
f l` nh ip
ipkd
kdûf
ûf r`
r`qu
qu`r
`rdlh?  Nh
dlh?
s`n`kkdûf s` r`hndzh kif chs` `f nis
dfldkhlir`s `kifûmdkis

 @vhnuhkdû
@vhnuhkdûf
f pist`r
pis dir??  [`
t`rdir [`n`
n`kk
kkdi
difhl
fhli
i `n
priy`kti, s` l`c` mifdtir`hr su r`fldmd`fti y `vhnuhr r`sunthlis

2. L`jdf
L`jdfhh ust`l kuhn`s
kuhn`s sif nhs prdfkdp
prdfkdphn`s
hn`s täkfdkhs
täkfdkhs qu` utdndzh
utdndzh nh dfb`fd`r
dfb`fd`ríh
íh
@kifûmdkh `f nh `vhnuhkdûf l` hnt`rfhtdvhs l` Dfv`rsdûf phrh nh `n`kkdûf l`
hnt`rfhtdvhs

Nhs täkfdkhs l` `vhnuhkdûf täkfdkh p`rmdt`f l`t`rmdfhr nh hk`pthkdûf i r`kahzi

l` nhs dfv`rsdif`s, hsí kimi `sthcn`k`r su brhli l` prdirdlhl l`ftri l` nis
pnhf`s `strhtäbdkis l` nh `mpr`sh.

 Nh `strht`bdh
`strht`bdh jhvir`
jhvir`k`
k` ufh cÿsqu`l
cÿsqu`lh
h dft`fkdifhlh
dft`fkdifhlh l` ipirtuf
ipirtufdlhl`s
dlhl`s y
ird`fth `n kr`kdmd`fti l` nh `mpr`sh ahkdh uf kifoufti s`n`kkdifhli l`
èr`hs y priy`ktis l` `xphfsdûf.

 Hqu`nnis priy`ktis qu` fi sif kimphtdcn`s kif nh `strht`bdh sif
r`kahzhlis y r`kdc`f prdirdlhl hqu`nnis qu` sif kifsdl`rhlis `s`fkdhn`s
phrh hpndkhr nh `strht`bdh

Uhrh nh `vhnuhkdûf l` priy`ktis l` dfv`rsdûf s` hfhndzh, prifistdkh y pnhf`h

jdfhfzhs l` ufh `mpr`sh, mdl` nis rd`sbis, `vhnÿh y s`n`kkdifh nhs dfv`rsdif`s h
sí mdsmi, nh `vhnuhkdûf kimpr`fl`?
 

Pfdv`rsdlhl Fhkdifhn „[hf Nuds Bifzhbh l` Dkh”

Jhkunthl l` Dfb`fd`ríh Kdvdn

Nh jhs` l` jirmunhkdûf kimpr`fl`? U`rjdn l`n priy`kti, Ur`-jhktdcdndlhl y @stuldi

l` jhktdcdndlhl7 `s `f nis lis prdm`ris lifl` s` l`thnnh nis kimpif`ft`s qu`
l`t`rmdfhf dfbr`sis y kistis y `n r`sunthli `s su hk`pthkdûf phrh phshr hn
sdbud`ft` fdv`n i su r`kahzi.

1. L`jdf
L`jdfhh ust`l nh m`tilin
m`tilinibíh
ibíh y täkfdkh
täkfdkh l` Hfèndsds
Hfèndsds l`n khmdfi
khmdfi krítdki
krítdki,, hfèndsds
hfèndsds
l`n pufti l` `qudndcrdi, hfèndsds l` r`l`s y hfèndsds l` nh r`br`sdûf ,hfèndsds
l`n vhnir ,hrcin`s l` l`kdsdif`s, Kist`- @jdkd`fkdh y Kist` l` Ipirtufdlhl,
mu`str` `o`mpnis
 Hfèndsds l`n khmdfi
khmdfi krítdki
@s ufh a`rrhmd`fth utdndzhlh phrh nh pnhfdjdkhkdûf y pribrhmhkdûf l` MIFI
USIT@K\I[. @n khmdfi krítdki `s `n suc kifoufti l` thr`hs suk`sdvhs qu`
vdfkunhf `n prdm`r y `n ÿntdmi hkift`kdmd`fti l`n priy`kti. @n htrhsi `f kuhnqud`rh
 

Pfdv`rsdlhl Fhkdifhn „[hf Nuds Bifzhbh l` Dkh”

Jhkunthl l` Dfb`fd`ríh Kdvdn

l` nhs thr`hs sdbfdjdkh uf htrhsi `f nh jdfhndzhkdûf l`n priy`kti. @xdst`f vhrdhs

a`rrhmd`fths l` sijtwhr` qu` hyulhf h mhf`ohr priy`ktis?
 Ip`f Urio`kt
Mdkrisijt Urio`kt

@thphs l`n Mätili l` KHMDFI KSÍ\DKI ?

 Unhfdjdkhkdûf
 Uribrhmhkdûf
  Hfèndsds `kifûmdki jdfhfkd`ri
Kiftrin
@fuf
@fufkd
kdhl
hli?
i? Mh
Mhrí
ríh
h dfvd
dfvdtû
tû h Nh
Nhur
urh,
h, K`kd
K`kdndndh
h y Hb
Hbus
ustdtdfh
fh h ti
timh
mhrr `n tä
tä,, y ou
ouft
fths
hs
l`kdld`rif ahk`r ufh tirth l` mhfzhfhs. Nh r`k`th l` nh qu` ldspif` `s nh
sdbud`ft`?
sdbud`ft`? „U`nhr y kirthr `f r`chfh
r`chfhlhs
lhs jdfhs ; mhfzh
mhfzhfhs
fhs v`rl`s. Ldspif`
Ldspif`rnhs
rnhs `f
ufh hshl`rh `fmhft`khlh y `fahrdfhlh. \hmdzhr 3 thzhs l` hzÿkhr kif 3 l`
ahrdfh. L`sm`fuzhr 855 brs l` mhft`kh `f nh pr`phrhkdûf. Hbr`bhr 3 au`vis.
Kif ufh kukahrh, ldstrdcudr nh pr`phrhkdûf sicr` nhs mhfzhfhs. Nn`vhr h airfi h
815¿K, pr`khn`fthli lurhft` 80 mdfutis i mès, pir 35 mdfutis.

Hfèndsds l`n pufti l` `qudndcrdi,

`qudndcrdi,

[d uf fu`vi prilukti i ufh fu`vh `mpr`sh, vh h prilukdr utdndlhl i fi y `f quä

fdv`n l` hktdvdlhl kimd`fzh `sh utdndlhl. Uhrh l`t`rmdfhrni s` pu`l` utdndzhr `n
hf
hfèn
ènds
dsds
ds l` puft
pufti
i l` `q
`qud
udndndcr
crdi
di (c
(cr`
r`hg
hg `v
`v`f
`f pi
pidf
dft)
t).. @st`
@st` `s uf hf
hfèn
ènds
dsds
ds
`mdf`ft`m`ft` kifthcn`. Hufqu` nis r`kursis ijr`kdlis pir nhs aiohs l` kènkuni
 

Pfdv`rsdlhl Fhkdifhn „[hf Nuds Bifzhbh l` Dkh”

Jhkunthl l` Dfb`fd`ríh Kdvdn

ahk`f dff`k`shrdi
dff`k`shrdi `n kènku
kènkuni
ni pir jûrmunhs, s` pr`s`
pr`s`fthf
fthf phrh dnustrhr
dnustrhr `n kifk`
kifk`pti
pti
qu` ahy l`très l` nh dl`h l` pufti l` `qudndcrdi.

Kuhf
Kuhfli
li s` td`f
td`f`f
`f `sth
`sthli
liss jdfh
jdfhfk
fkd`
d`ri
riss pr
priy
iy`k
`kth
thli
liss y ti
tili
liss ni
niss r`
r`su
suntnthl
hlis
is
l`p`fl`f l` kd`rti fÿm`ri l` vhrdhcn`s, `n pufti l` `qudndcrdi `s muy jèkdn l`
khnkun
khnkunhr.
hr. [` utd
utdndz
ndzh
h nh ipk
ipkdûf
dûf Cus
Cuskhr
khr ico
ico`td
`tdvi
vi l` A`rrhm
A`rrhmd`f
d`fths
ths `f @xk`n,
@xk`n, pir 
`o`mpni, y s` l`jdf` nh utdndlhl dbuhn h k`ri, khmcdhfli nh khftdlhl l` cd`f`s i
s`rvdkdis h v`fl`r. @sth jirmh l` khnkunhr `n pufti l` `qudndcrdi `s m`oir pirqu`
td`f` `f ku`fth tilis nis khmcdis y fi ndf`hndlhl`s qu` pu`lhf `xdstdr `f `n
prifûstdki.

Hfèndsds l` r`l`s y hfèndsds l` nh r`br`sdûf

@n hfèndsds l` nh r`br`sdûf `s uf prik`si `sthlístdki phrh `stdmhr nhs r`nhkdif`s
`ftr` vhrdhcn`s. Dfknuy` mukahs täkfdkhs phrh `n mil`nhli y hfèndsds l` ldv`rshs
vhrdhcn`s, kuhfli nh ht`fkdûf s` k`ftrh `f nh r`nhkdûf `ftr` ufh vhrdhcn`
l`p`fld`ft` y
l`p`fld`ft` y ufh i mès vhrdhcn`s dfl`p`fld`ft`s
dfl`p`fld`ft`s (i
 (i pr`ldktirhs). @s f`k`shrdi
`stuldhr `sths vhrdhcn`s qu` `xdst`f `f `n pricn`mh.

Nhs r`l`s `kifûmdkhs fi pu`l`f s`r kifk`cdlhs kimi `n r`sunthli l` sdmpn`s

dft`rhkkdif`s kdc`rfätdkhs `f uf mufli vdrtuhn kuyh pnhthjirmh `s dft`rf`t. Nhs
r`l`s sif thmcdäf nh `xpr`sdûf jèktdkh l` jnuois l` dfjirmhkdûf v`rdjdkhcn`s `ftr`
kimufdlhl`s `ftr`nhzhlhs pir nhzis ätfdki-kunturhn`s, kimufdlhl`s qu` aiy

ku`fthf kif pil`r l` niccy, r`pr`s`fthtdvdlhl pinítdkh ` dfjnu`fkdh `kifûmdkh.

Hfèndsds l`n vhnir
@n hfèndsds l` vhnir `s uf mätili phrh m`oirhr `n vhnir l` uf hrtíkuni i prik`si
`ft`fld`fli nis `n`m`ftis qu` ni kifstdtuy`f y sus kist`s hsikdhlis, y trhthfli
l`spuäs l` m`oirhr nis kimpif`ft`s, cd`f r`lukd`fli su kist` i cd`f
dfkr`m`fthfli `n vhnir l` nhs jufkdif`s. Nhs jufkdif`s s` pu`l`f l`sbnishr
 o`rèrqudkhm`ft`, `mp`zhfli kif ufh jufkdûf cèsdkh, pir nh qu` `n knd`ft` kr`` qu`
`stè phbhfli, h nh qu` n` sdbu`f ufh s`rd` l` jufkdif`s s`kuflhrdhs, qu` sdrv`f
l` hpiyi h nh prdm`rh.
 

Pfdv`rsdlhl Fhkdifhn „[hf Nuds Bifzhbh l` Dkh”

Jhkunthl l` Dfb`fd`ríh Kdvdn

Hrcin`s l` l`kdsdif`s
Uhrh jhkdndthr `n prik`si l` l`kdsdûf `f nh irbhfdzhkdûf s` ush nh täkfdkh l` èrcin`s
l` l`kdsdûf,
l`kdsdûf, ushli l`ftri l`n kift`xti l` nh prichcdnd
prichcdndlhl.
lhl. [if muy ÿtdn`s phrh `n
pnhft`
pnhft`hmd
hmd`ft
`fti
i l` pri
pricn`
cn`mhs
mhs s`k
s`ku`f
u`fkdh
kdhn`s
n`s,, p`r
p`ri
i `f `sth
`sth knh
knhs`
s` l` sdtuhk
sdtuhkdif
dif`s
`s

dmpn
dmpndk
dkh
h l`kd
l`kdsd
sdif
if`s
`s kif
kif r`r`su
suntnthl
hlis
is ahkd
ahkdh
h `n ju
jutu
turi
ri qu
qu`,
`, `f tä
tärm
rmdf
dfis
is l`
kimpirthmd`fti l`n l`kdsir, fi s` ahf l`jdfdli kif knhrdlhl kûmi mhf`ohrnis. Nis
hrci
hrcin`
n`ss l` l`
l`kd
kdsd
sdûf
ûf s` ut
utdndndz
dzh
h `f kuhn
kuhnqu
qud`
d`rr pr
prik
ik`s
`si
i qu
qu`
` dm
dmpn
pndq
dqu`
u` ti
timh
mh l`
l`kdsdif`s, `o`mpni l` `st` prik`si sif?
 Cÿsqu`lh cdfhrdh
 [dst`mh `xp`rtis
  Hrcin`s l` ou`bis

Kist`- @jdkd`fkdh y Kist` l` Ipirtufdlhl

Nh `jdkd
`jdkd`fkdh
`fkdh `kifûm
`kifûmdkh
dkh s` nibrh kifsd
kifsdl`rhfl
l`rhfli
i ldj`r`
ldj`r`ft`s
ft`s hnt`rfhtdv
hnt`rfhtdvhs
hs vdhcn
vdhcn`s
`s
täkfdkhm`ft` y `vhnuhfli khlh ufh l` `nnh kif r`sp`kti h nis l`mès .@n hfèndsds
kifluk` h s`n`kkdifhr nh hnt`rfhtdvh kif mhyir `jdkd`fkdh `kifûmdkh.
@n Hfèndsds Kisti @jdkd`fkdh hfhndzh ni qu` ku`sth prilukdr ufh ufdlhl l` prilukti
(pir `o`mpni, uf gm. l` khrr`t`rh) y s` pr`bufth quä thf kistisi `s9

Uhrh m`ldr nh kifv`fd`fkdh l` timhr nh hnt`rfhtdvh mès dfldkhlh, `n dfv`rsdifdsth

l`c` kifik`r `n kisti l` ipirtufdlhl l` nhs hnt`rfhtdvhs `xdst`ft`s. @ftifk`s

Kisti l` Ipirtufdlhl `s nh Hnt`rfhtdvh mès vhndish qu` s` hchflifh sd s`

`mpr`fl` ufh dfv`rsdûf `f phrtdkunhr.
 

Pfdv`rsdlhl Fhkdifhn „[hf Nuds Bifzhbh l` Dkh”

Jhkunthl l` Dfb`fd`ríh Kdvdn

Uir `o`mpni, pilríhmis p`fshr `f kifv`rtdr ufh hftdbuh y rustdkh jècrdkh

l` hnbilûf
hnbilûf qu`
 qu` kimprhm
kimprhmis
is ahk` hnbufis høis `f 855 555 lûnhr`s,
lûnhr`s, `f uf
kiflimdfdi l` khndlhl sup`rdir `f `n m`rkhli. [d nn`vhmis h khci `st`
priy`kti, fi s` prilukdrè uf jnuoi l` shndlh l` `j`ktdvi hsikdhli kif nh
kimprh l`n mindfi hftdbui pirqu` yh ni t`f`mis. Uhrh pripûsdtis l`
`vhnuhr
`vhnuhr `n priy`kti l`n kiflim
kiflimdfdi,
dfdi, ¹L`c`ríh
¹L`c`ríhmis
mis kifsdl`rhr nh jècrdk
jècrdkh
h
kimi hnbi "brhtudti"9 Nh r`spu`sth `s fi. Nh jècrdkh `s uf r`kursi vhndisi
qu` s`rè utdndzhli pir `n priy`kti. [d fi ni usèrhmis `f `st` priy`kti,
pilríhmis ahk`r hnbufh itrh kish kif `n. ¹Xuä, pir `o`mpni9 Nh r`spu`sth
icvdh `s qu`, h uf fdv`n mífdmi, pilríhmis v`fl`rni. ‛L` `st` mili, `n
usi l` nh jècrdkh phrh `n kimpn`oi l`n kiflimdfdi td`f` uf kisti l`
ipirtufdlhl? Hchflifhmis nh vhndish ipirtufdlhl l` ahk`r hnbufh itrh
kish kif `nnh.

4. ¹K
¹Kûmi
ûmi s` l`jdf`
l`jdf` nh thsh l` dfjnhkdû
dfjnhkdûf,
f, l`jnhkd
l`jnhkdûf
ûf ` adp
adp`rd
`rdfjn
fjnhkd
hkdûf
ûf y kim
kimi
i s`
khnkunh9

Dfjnhkdûf? s` l`jdf` kimi `n dfkr`m`fti b`f`rhndzhli l` nis pr`kdis l` nis cd`f`s

y l` nis s`rvdkdis h ni nhrbi l` uf p`ríili l` td`mpi prinifbhli qu` priluk`
kimi kifs`ku`fkdh uf l`sk`fsi l`n vhnir l`n ldf`ri y, pir thfti, l` su pil`r 
hl
hlqu
quds
dsdtdtdv
dvi.
i. Nh th
thsh
sh l` dfjn
dfjnhk
hkdû
dûf
f hum`
hum`ft
fth
h nh l`
l`mh
mhfl
flh
h hb
hbr`
r`bh
bhlh
lh td`f
td`fl`
l` h
dfkr`m`fthrs` `n fdv`n b`f`rhn l` pr`kdis p`ri ldsmdfuy` nh thsh l` l`s`mpn`i.
 

Pfdv`rsdlhl Fhkdifhn „[hf Nuds Bifzhbh l` Dkh”

Jhkunthl l` Dfb`fd`ríh Kdvdn

Nh dfjnhkdûf s` khnkunh m`ldhft` nh thsh l` vhrdhkdûf l`n ífldk` l` pr`kdis l`n

kifsumdlir (DUK)?

L`jnhkdûf? `s `n j`fûm`fi ipu`sti h nh dfjnhkdûf, `s nh choh kiftdfuh y susthfkdhn

`f nis fdv`n`s l`n pr`kdi, `s l`kdr `s nh khílh b`f`rhndzhlh l`n fdv`n l` pr`kdis l`
cd`f`s y s`rvdkdis `f ufh `kifimíh.

Adp`rdfjnhkdûf?  [u
[ucd
cdlh
lh l`n
l`n fdv`
fdv`nn l` pr`k
pr`kdi
diss mu
muyy
rèpdlh y kiftdfuhlh, qu` privikh qu` nh b`ft` fi
r`t`fbh
r`t`fbh `n ldf`ri
ldf`ri,, pir su pärldlh l` vhnir kifst
kifsthft`,
hft`,
y pr`j
pr`jd`
d`rh
rh kifs
kifs`rv
`rvhr
hr nhs
nhs m`
m`rk
rkhf
hfkí
kíhs
hs.. @s l`kd
l`kdr,
r,
kuhfli
kuhfli nh dfj
dfjnhk
nhkdûf
dûf l`s
l`scir
cirlh
lh til
tilh
h pis
pisdcd
dcdndl
ndlhl
hl l`
kiftrin y pnhf`hmd`fti `kifûmdki, s` l`shth ni qu`
s` kifik` kimi prik`si adp`rdfjnhkdifhrdi, `f `n kuhn
nh mif`lh pd`rl` su pripd`lhl l` r`s`rvh l` vhnir y
l` ufdlhl l` m`ldlh. @s uf prik`si l` l`strukkdûf
l` nh mif`lh.

85. ¹Xuä `s
`s `n UCD l`n phís9
phís9

@n Urilukti Cruti Dft`rfi (UCD)

Dft`rfi (UCD) s` l`jdf`
kim
kimi `n vhni
vhnirr ti
tith
thnn l` nis cd`f
cd`f`s
`s y
 

Pfdv`rsdlhl Fhkdifhn „[hf Nuds Bifzhbh l` Dkh”

Jhkunthl l` Dfb`fd`ríh Kdvdn

s`rvdk
s`rvdkdis
dis pri
priluk
lukdli
dliss `f uf phí
phíss lur
lurhft
hft`
` uf p`r
p`rdil
dili
i l`t`rm
l`t`rmdfh
dfhli
li ‛m`
‛m`fsu
fsuhn,
hn,
trdm`strhn, hfuhn-. Uhrh jdf`s kifthcn`s, fi s` khnkunhf nis cd`f`s dft`rm`ldis sdfi
sini nis jdfhn`s phrh `vdthr nh lupndkhkdûf l` vhnir`s.
Nh prilukkdûf pu`l` m`ldrs` l` tr`s jirmhs ldstdfths? sumhfli `n vhnir hbr`bhli
l` tilhs nhs ufdlhl`s l` prilukkdûf, sumhfli nis bhstis l` nis kifsumdlir`s
(m`fis dmpirthkdif`s) i sumhfli tilis nis dfbr`sis r`kdcdlis pir nis hb`ft`s
`kifûmdkis. @f t`iríh nhs tr`s m`tilinibíhs l`c`ríhf hrriohr `n mdsmi r`sunthli.

@n UCD `s uf dfldkhlir chsthft` ÿtdn qu` p`rmdt` sdft`tdzhr ufh bhmh dmpirthft` l`
kifk`ptis `kifûmdkis

88. ¹Xu` sif nhs Hb`fkdhs Khndjdkhlirhs l` Sd`sbi Uhís9

Nhs hb`
hb`fkd
fkdhs
hs khn
khndjd
djdkhl
khlirh
irhss ou`
ou`bhf
bhf uf php
php`n
`n knh
knhv`
v` `f
r`bunhr nis jnuois l` khpdthn h fdv`n bnichn, y ahf t`fdli
ufh dfjnu`fkdh fithcn` `f Hmärdkh Nhtdfh.
@sths
@sths khn
khndjd
djdkhl
khlirh
irhss ijr
ijr`k`
`k`f
f ufh `vh
`vhnuh
nuhkdû
kdûf
f `xt
`xt`rf
`rfh
h y
ico`td
ico`tdvh
vh l`n rd`sbi
rd`sbi l` ufh dfv`
dfv`rsd
rsdûf.
ûf. [` `ftd`
`ftd`fl`
fl` `s`
rd`
rd`sbi
sbi kim
kimi
i nhs pis
pisdcd
dcdndl
ndlhl`
hl`ss l` pil
pil`r
`r r`k
r`kup`
up`rhr
rhr `n
ldf`ri dfv`rtdli y hs`burhr nh r`fthcdndlhl. @shs
`vhnuhkdif`s s` hpiyhríhf, s`bÿf nh vdsdûf
kifv`fkdifhn, `f hfèndsds rdburisis y „`
„`xt`rfis”,
thfti h nis dfv`rsir`s kimi h qud`f`s timhf nis
prästhmis, y pir ni thfti ijr`k`ríhf ufh vdsdûf
dfl`p`fld`ft`.
 

Pfdv`rsdlhl Fhkdifhn „[hf Nuds Bifzhbh l` Dkh”

Jhkunthl l` Dfb`fd`ríh Kdvdn

Nh hktuhn krdsds `kifûmdkh dft`rfhkdifhn

dft`rfhkdifhn icndbh h r`vds
r`vdshr
hr `n php`n l` nhs nnhmhlhs
„khndjdkhlirhs l` rd`sbi”.

83.¹Kûmi s` l`jdf` nh Chs` dmpifdcn`. Chs` trdcuthrdh y Chs` mif`thrdh qu`

utdndzh nh `kifimíh l`n phís9

  CH[@ DMUIFDCN@
Nh chs` dmpifdcn` `s `f l`jdfdtdvh nh mhbfdtul qu` s` utdndzh `f khlh dmpu`sti
phrh m`ldr nh khphkdlhl `kifûmdkh l`n suo`ti, thn qu` s` r`jn`oh `f tip`s.
@f nhs r`nhkdif`s ouríldkhs trdcuthrdhs `n a`kai dmpifdcn` pif` l` mhfdjd`sti nh
`xds
`xdst`
t`fk
fkdh
dh l` ufh
ufh khph
khphkd
kdlh
lhl
l `kif
`kifûm
ûmdk
dkh
h `f ni
niss su
suo`
o`ti
tis,
s, p`ri
p`ri ph
phrh
rh qu
qu`
`
`n dmpu`sti
dmpu`sti pu`lh
 pu`lh s`r hpndkhli, `st` a`kai l`c` vhnirhrs` l` hnbufh mhf`rh,
firmhnm`ft` `f ufdlhl`s mif`thrdhs.

KNH[@[
Nh chs` dmpifdcn` pu`l` `xpr`shrs` `f ldj`r`ft`s ufdlhl`s mif`thrdhs (r`fth,
pr`kdis l` hlqudsdkdûf, vhnir l` m`rkhli, kiftrhpr`sthkdûf, `tk.) i thmcdäf `f
itri
itri tdtdpi
pi l` uf
ufdl
dlhl
hl l` p`
p`si
si,, vinu
vinum`
m`f,
f, ni
nifb
fbdtdtul
ul,, pit`
pit`fk
fkdh
dh,, kh
khft
ftdl
dlhl
hl l`
`mpn`hlis, `tk., hsí s` ldstdfbu` `ftr` chs`s mif`thrdhs y fi mif`thrdhs
@O@MUNI[

- @f `n Dmpu`sti sicr` nh S`fth

S`fth,, `n a`kai

dmpifdcn` `s nh ict`fkdûf l` r`fth pir 

ufh p`rsifh, p`ri nh chs` dmpifdcn` l`n
dmpu`sti `s nh kuhftíh l` `sh r`ft
r`fth
h pir 
`n suo`ti.

- @f `n dm
dmpu
pu`s
`sti
ti si
sicr
cr`
` `n ph
phtr
trdm
dmif
ifdi
di nh
 nh
ch
chs`
s` dmpi
dmpifd
fdcn
cn`
` `s `n ph
phtr
trdm
dmif
ifdi
di qu
qu`
`
p`rt`f`k` h uf suo`ti.
 

Pfdv`rsdlhl Fhkdifhn „[hf Nuds Bifzhbh l` Dkh”

Jhkunthl l` Dfb`fd`ríh Kdvdn

  CH[@ \SDCP\HSDH

Dmpirt` hn qu` s` n` hpndkh `n pirk`ftho` h phbhr 

l`n dmpu`sti. @f nis dmpu`stis ldr`ktis,
kifsdst` `f nis dfbr`sis crutis m`fis ufh s`rd`
l` l`sku`ftis y l`lukkdif`s qu` `sthcn`k`f
nhs n`y`s trdcuthrdhs.

- \är
\ärmdf
mdfi
i ushl
ushli
i `f `n èr`h l` bi
bicd`
cd`rfi,
rfi, ddfbr
fbr`si
`siss trdc
trdcuth
uthrdi
rdiss y hlmdfds
hlmdfdstrh
trhkdû
kdûf
f
pr`supu`sthrdh.
- M`l
M`ldlh
dlh l`n vhn
vhnir
ir ssicr
icr`
` `n kuh
kuhnn s` brh
brhvh
vh uf ddmpu
mpu`st
`sti.
i.

CH[@ MIF@\HSDH
- L`fimdfhlh thmcdäf 
thmcdäf chs` l` ldf`ri, 
ldf`ri, r`s`rvh l` ldf`ri 
ldf`ri i ldf`ri l` hnth
pit`fkdh.
- @stè kifstdtudli pir nh sumh l`n ldf`ri n`bhn `f mhfis l`n pÿcndki
(cdnn`t`s
cdnn`t`s y
 y mif`lhs
mif`lhs)) y nhs r`s`rvhs chfkhrdhs, qu` sif h su v`z nh sumh
l`n ldf`ri n`bhn `f mhfis l` nis chfkis y nis l`pûsdtis l` ästis `f
`n  chfki k`ftrhn `mdsir,
`n k`ftrhn `mdsir, qu` `s chfqu`ri l` chfkis y l`n @sthli.
-   @n ldf`ri n`bhn `mdtdli pir khlh chfki k`ftrhn `mdsir ( kdrkunhkdûf
jdlukdhrdh)) pu`l`, pu`s, `sthr "`f mhfis" l`n pÿcndki, `s l`kdr, `f `n
jdlukdhrdh
 Hktdvi l`n pÿcndki, i cd`f `f `n Hktdvi
Hktdvi l` nis chfkis.
-  Itrh jirmh l` l`jdfdr nh chs` mif`thrdh `s qu` kifstdtuy` `n fÿkn`i l`n
Uhsdvi (phsdvis mif`thrdis) l`n chfki k`ftrhn `mdsir.
- Nh chs` mif`thrdh `s r`spifshcdndlhl l`n chfki k`ftrhn `mdsir, y nh
r`bunhkdûf y kiftrin l` nh ij`rth mif`thrdh 
mif`thrdh kimd`fzh kif `nnh.

Ldf`ri `f mhfis l`n pÿcndki

(cdnn`t`s y mif`lhs)
 

Pfdv`rsdlhl Fhkdifhn „[hf Nuds Bifzhbh l` Dkh”

Jhkunthl l` Dfb`fd`ríh Kdvdn

Ldf`ri `f r`s`rvhs chfkhrdhs

(cdnn`t`s y mif`lhs)

\@F@S @F KP@F\H?
Fi l`c` kifjufldrs` `n tärmdfi chs` mif`thrdh hquí l`skrdti kif nh
ij`rth mif`thrdh u ij`rth l` ldf`ri, qu` `s nh sumh l`n ldf`ri n`bhn `f
mhfis l`n pÿcndki mès nis l`pûsdti `f nis chfkis kim`rkdhn`s.
 
8;. ¹Kûmi s` l`jdf` `n cdnn`t` y `n ldf`ri `f
kdrkunhkdûf9

@n cdn
cdnn`t
n`t`
` y `n ldf
ldf`ri
`ri `f kdrkun
kdrkunhkd
hkdûf
ûf `st
`stèf
èf l`j
l`jdfd
dfdlis
lis
kimi chs` mif`thrdh (CM) qu` `stè kifstdtudli pir nh
sumh l`n ldf`ri n`bhn `f mhfis l`n pÿcndki
(cdnn`t`s
cdnn`t`s y
 y mif`lhs
mif`lhs)) y nhs r`s`rvhs chfkhrdhs.

8<. ¹Xuä `s nh cinsh l` vhnir`s l`n phís9

Nh Cinsh l` Zhnir`s l` Ndmh (CZN) `s ufh sikd`lhl hfûfdmh qu`

hfûfdmh qu`
td`f` pir ico`ti prdfkdphn jhkdndthr nh f`bikdhkdûf l` vhnir`s
vhnir`s dfskrdtis,
 dfskrdtis,
priv`y`fli nis s`rvdkdis, sdst`mhs y m`khfdsmis hl`kuhlis phrh
nh dft`rm`ldhkdûf l` mhf`rh ousth, kimp`tdtdvh, irl`fhlh, kiftdfuh
y trhfsphr`ft` l` vhnir`s l` ij`rth pÿcndkh, dfstrum`ftis l`rdvhlis
` dfstrum`ftis qu` fi s`hf ico`ti l` `mdsdûf mhsdvh qu` s`
f`bikd`f `f m`khfdsmis k`ftrhndzhlis l` f`bikdhkdûf ldstdftis h nh
ru`lh
ru`lh l` cinsh
cinsh   qu` ip`r`f choi nh kiflukkdûf l` nh [ikd`lhl,
kifjirm` h ni `sthcn`kdli `f nh N`y l`n M`rkhli l` Zhnir`s y sus
firmhs kimpn`m`fthrdhs y/i r`bnhm`fthrdhs l`n U`rÿ
U`rÿ..

JPFKDIF@[
 

Pfdv`rsdlhl Fhkdifhn „[hf Nuds Bifzhbh l` Dkh”

Jhkunthl l` Dfb`fd`ríh Kdvdn

80. ¹Kûmi s` l`jdf` nh khphkdlhl l` `fl`ulhmd`fti l`n phís9

 
KHUHKDLHL L@ @FL@PLHMD@F\
@FL@PLHMD@F\I
I
Mhbfdtul
Mhbfdtul qu` r`pr`s
r`pr`s`fth
`fth `n dmpir
dmpirt`
t` tithn l` r`kursis qu` ufh p`rsifh pu`l` timhr 

pr`sthlis sdf hnths prichcdndlhl`s dfkurrdr `f dfsinv`fkdh i dndqudl`z.

[D[\@MH FHKDIFHN L@ @FL@PLHMD@F\

@FL@PLHMD@F\I
I
@s `n kifoufti l` ûrbhfis, firmhs y
prik`ldmd`ftis ird`fthlis hn nibri l`
ufh
ufh `jdk
`jdkdd`f
`ft`
t` hlm
hlmdf
dfds
dstr
trhk
hkddûf l`nn
l`
`fl`ul
`fl`ulhmd
hmd`ft
`fti
i h pnh
pnhzis
zis mhy
mhyir`s
ir`s l`
uf høi l` nhs `ftdlhl`s y irbhfdsmis
l`n [`ktir Uÿcndki7 `stè dft`brhli pir 
nh Ldr`kkdûf Fhkdifhn l`n
@fl`ulhmd`ft
@fl`ulhmd`fti
i Uÿcnd
Uÿcndki,
ki, l`p`fl
l`p`fld`ft`
d`ft`
l`n Zdk`mdfdst`rdi l` Ahkd`flh y pir nhs Pfdlhl`s @o`kutirhs nhs kuhn`s kifluk`f nis
prik`sis r`nhkdifhlis kif `n sdst`mh, h fdv`n l` tilhs nhs `ftdlhl`s l`n [`ktir 
Uÿcndki
Uÿcndki qu` hlmdfdstrhf
hlmdfdstrhf jiflis l` nhs `ftdlhl`s y irbhfd
irbhfdsmis
smis pÿcndkis,
pÿcndkis, nhs mdsmhs
qu` sif r`spif
r`spifshcn`
shcn`ss l` v`nhr pir `n kumpn
kumpndmd`f
dmd`fti
ti l` nhs firmhs y prik`
prik`ldmd`
ldmd`ftis
ftis
qu` `mdth `n ûrbhfi r`ktir.

Urdfkdphn`s htrdcukdif`s?
  Kiflukdr nh pribrhmhkdûf, nh kifk`rthkdûf y `n l`s`mcinsi l` nhs ip`rhkdif`s l`
@fl`ulhmd`fti l`n Bicd`rfi Fhkdifhn y l` sus hvhn`s i bhrhftíhs7
 

Pfdv`rsdlhl Fhkdifhn „[hf Nuds Bifzhbh l` Dkh”

Jhkunthl l` Dfb`fd`ríh Kdvdn

  S`bdstrhr nh l`ulh l` nhs `ftdlhl`s y irbhfdsmis l`n [`ktir Uÿcndki7

   Ht`fl`r `n s`rvdkdi l` nh l`ulh l`n Bicd`rfi Fhkdifhn7
Fhkdifhn7
  L`shrrinnhr nh hlmdfdstrhkdûf l` phsdvis7
   Hktuhr kimi hb`ft` jdfhfkd`ri ÿfdki l`n Bicd`rfi Fhkdifhn puld`fli hutirdzhrs` nh

r`hndzhkd
r`hndzhkdûf
ûf l` b`s
b`stdi
tdif`s
f`s jdf
jdfhfk
hfkd`r
d`rhs
hs `sp
`sp`kí
`kíjdk
jdkhs
hs h itr
itrhs
hs `ft
`ftdlh
dlhl`s
l`s l`n @st
@sthli
hli
m`ldhft` r`sinukdûf mdfdst`rdhn l`n Mdfdst`rdi l` @kifimíh y Jdfhfzhs7
  @mdtdr títunis r`pr`s`fthtdvis l` l`ulh l`n @sthli7
  Itirbhrr i kiftr
Itirbh kiftrhthr
hthr bhrhftíhs phrh ht`fl`r r`qu`r
r`qu`rdmd`f
dmd`ftis
tis l`rdvhlis l`n prik`s
prik`si
i l`
primikdûf l` nh dfv`rsdûf prdvhlh y kifk`sdif`s, hsí kimi r`bdstrhr y ht`fl`r su
`o`kukdûf.

8:. ¹Xuä `s nh KIFH[@Z9

Nh kimdsdûf fhkdifhn sup`rvdsirh l` @mpr`shs y

Zhnir`ss l`n U`rÿ - KIFH[
Zhnir` KIFH[@Z
@Z `f su l`jd
l`jdfdkdû
fdkdûf
f
mèss s`fkd
mè `fkdnnnnh
h s` ni pu`l
pu`l`
` l`j
l`jdfdr
dfdr kim
imi
i uf
irbhfdsmi pÿcndki y l`sk`ftrhndzhli y qu` h su
v`z `stè hlskrdti hn mdfdst`rdi l` @kifimíh y
Jdfhfzhs (M@J). [u prdfkdphn jdfhndlhl `s nh l`
dmpunshr `n m`rkhli l` vhnir`s, hl`mès l` v`nhr 
pir qu` s` lä uf hl`kuhli mhf`oi l` nhs `mpr`shs qu` jirmhf phrt` l`n sdst`mh l`
y sd`mpr` firmhr nh kifthcdndlhl l` nhs mdsmhs.

  JPFKDIF@[?
 @stuldh
@stuldhr,
r, primi
primiv`r
v`r y r`bnhm
r`bnhm`ft
`fthr
hr `n m`rkhl
m`rkhlii l` vhnir`s
vhnir`s,, kiftri
kiftrinhf
nhfli
li h nhs
p`rsifhs fhturhn`s y ouríldkhs qu` dft`rvd`f`f `f äst`.
 Z`nhr pir nh trhfsphr`fkdh l` nis m`rkhlis l` vhnir`s, nh kirr`kth jirmhkdûf l`
pr`kdis `f `nnis y nh dfjirmhkdûf f`k`shrdh phrh thn`s pripûsdtis.
 Urimiv`r `n hl`kuhli mhf`oi l` nhs `mpr`shs y firmhr nh kifthcdndlhl l` nhs
mdsmhs
 S`bnhm`fthr y kiftrinhr nhs hktdvdlhl`s l` nhs `mpr`shs hlmdfdstrhlirhs l` jiflis
kin`ktdvis, `ftr` itrhs.

82. ¹Kûmi s` l`jdf` nh l`pr`kdhkdûf l` nh mif`lh9

 

Pfdv`rsdlhl Fhkdifhn „[hf Nuds Bifzhbh l` Dkh”

Jhkunthl l` Dfb`fd`ríh Kdvdn

Nh l`pr`kdhkdûf l` nh mif`lh `s nh pärldlh l` vhnir l` nh mif`lh l` uf phís kif

r`sp`kti
r`sp`kti h ufh i mès m
mif`lhs
if`lhs l` r`j`r`
r`j`r`fkdh
fkdh `xtrhfo`
`xtrhfo`rhs,
rhs, qu` s` priluk`, pir ni
b`f`rhn, `f uf sdst`mh l` tdpi l` khmcdi jnithft`. Nh l`pr`kdhkdûf l` ufh mif`lh
su`n`
su`n` pri
priluk
lukdrs
drs`
` pir nhs ldj
ldj`r`
`r`ft`
ft`ss `xp
`xp`kt
`kthtd
htdvhs
vhs `ft
`ftr`
r` nis phí
phís`s
s`s hsí kim
kimi
i
nhs ldstdfths pinítdkhs `kifûmdkhs. Uir `o`mpni, uf phís qu` `mdt` mukai ldf`ri
fu`vi, i choh nis tdpis l` dft`räs, su mif`lh t`fl`rè h l`pr`kdhrs` mès qu` itri
qu` fi ni ahk`.

81. ¹Xuä sif nis ífldk`s

ífldk`s l` ALD, DUK,
DUK, DUM, kûmi s` khnkunh9
khnkunh9

@s ufh m`ldkdûf pir phís, `nhcirhlh pir 

`n Uribrhmh l` nhs Fhkdif`s Pfdlhs phrh
`n L`
L`shr
shrrin
rinni
ni (UF
(UFPL
PL).
). [` chs
chsh
h `f uf
dfldkhlir sikdhn `sthlístdki kimpu`sti pir 
tr`s phrèm`tris? Zdlh nhrbh y shnulhcn`
(m`ldlh s`bÿf nh `sp`rhfzh l` vdlh hn
ALD fhk`r), @lukhkdûf (m`ldlh pir nh thsh l`
hnjhc`tdzhkdûf l` hluntis y nh thsh cruth
kimcdfhlh l` mhtrdkunhkdûf `f `lukhkdûf
prdmhrdh, s`kuflhrdh y sup`rdir, hsí kimi
nis høis l` lur lurhkd
hkdûf
ûf l` nh `lu
`lukhk
khkdûf
dûf
icndbhtirdh) y Fdv`n l` vdlh ldbfi (m`ldli
pir `n UDC p`r kèpdth UUH `f lûnhr`s)
 

Pfdv`rsdlhl Fhkdifhn „[hf Nuds Bifzhbh l` Dkh”

Jhkunthl l` Dfb`fd`ríh Kdvdn

  D@Z = Ífldk` l` `sp`rhfzh l` vdlh

  @u = @sp`rhfzh l` vdlh l` uf phís `xpr`shlh `f høis
  D@ = Ífldk` l` `lukhkdûf
  DHU@ = Ífldk` l` høis prim`ldi l` `skinhrdlhl
  HU@ = Fÿm`ri l` høis prim`ldi l` `skinhrdlhl
  DH@@ = Ífldk` l` høis `sp`rhlis l` `skinhrdlhl
  H@@ = Fÿm`ri l` høis `sp`rhlis l` `skinhrdlhl
  DH = Ífldk` l` hnjhc`tdzhkdûf hlunth
  DM = Ífldk` cruti l` mhtrdkunhkdûf
  DUDC = Ífldk` l`n UDC
  DD = Ífldk` l` dfbr`si
  BFD k = Ífldk
Ífldk`
` l`
l` UD
UDC
C `r kè dth
dth

DUK

@n DU
DUK
K i Íflfldk
dk`
` l` Ur Ur`k
`kdi
diss hn Ki
Kifs fsum
umdl
dlir
ir `s uf
dfldk
dfldkhl
hlir
ir l`
l`sh
shrr
rrinn
innhl
hli
i pi
pirr `n DfDfst
stdtdtut
uti
i Fhk
Fhkdif
difhn
hn l`
DUK @sthlí
@sthlíst
stdkhs
dkhs kif `n jdf l` khn khnkun
kunhr
hr m`fm`fsuh
suhnm`
nm`ft`
`vinukdûf l` nh dfjnhkdûf. [` lh h kifik`r `f nh prdm`rh
ft` nh

s`mhfh l` khlh m`s y tilis `sp`rhmis kifik`rni.

¹Kûmi s` khnkunh9

Uhrh khnkunhrni,
jufkdifhrdis `n DF@
h ahk`r l`shrrinnû
`fku`sths ufh m`tilinibíh
m`fsuhn`s l` l`
`f tili tdpi trhchoi qu`  (l`sl`
f`bikdis nn`vh h nhs
f`bikdis (l`sl` uf j`rdhs
brupiy l` sus
nikhn`s
l` chrrdi ahsth nis sup`rm`rkhlis y muntdtd`flhs), r`sp`kti l`n pr`kdi l` uf brupi l` hrtíkunis. H
" khfhsth"" ` dfknuy` l` tili ni qu` ufh jhmdndh prim`ldi kifsum` `f `n
`st` brupi l` n` nnhmh nh "khfhsth
m`s, l`sl` rhmdths shnhlhs y g`tkaup ahsth kimputhlir`s. Fhturhnm`ft`, qu` h khlh ufi l` nis
hrtíkunis l` nh khfhsth s` n` hsdbfh ufh pifl`rhkdûf y nh vhrdhkdûf l` su pr`kdi dfjnuy` mès i
m`fis `f `n r`sunthli
r`sunthli jdjdfhn,
fhn, l` hku`rli h `s` irk`fth `.

DUM
 

Pfdv`rsdlhl Fhkdifhn „[hf Nuds Bifzhbh l` Dkh”

Jhkunthl l` Dfb`fd`ríh Kdvdn

Mdl` nh `vinukdûf l` nis pr`kdis l` uf kifoufti l`

cd`f`s kim`rkdhndzhlis h fdv`n mhyirdsth. Dfknuy`
`f su kimpisdkdûf cd`f`s l` l`mhflh dft`rm`ldh,
cd`f
cd`f`s
`s l` kikifs
fsum
umi
i jdfh
jdfhnn y cd
cd`f
`f`s
`s l` khkhpd
pdth
thn,n,
DUM knhs
knhsdj
djdk
dkh
hli
liss pi
pirr su irirdb
db`f
`f `f fhfhkd
kdif
ifhn
hn`s
`s `
dmpi
dmpirt
rthl
hlis
is yHbrip`kuhrdi,
priluktdvis? l` hkhku`
u`rl
rliiU`skh
ki
kiff ytr
tr`s
`s s`k
s`kti
tir`
r`ss
Mhfujhkturh.
Uhrh `j`ktis l` su kènkuni, `n Dfstdtuti Fhkdifhn l`
@s
@sth
thlí
líst
stdk
dkh
h ` DfDfji
jirm
rmèt
ètdk
dkh
h `j`j`k
`ktÿ
tÿh
h `f `fku
ku`s
`sth
thss
p`rdûldkhs sicr` nis pr`kdis h fdv`n fhkdifhn.

84.

¹Xuä sif nhs ip`rhkdif`s chfkhrdhs9 L`jífhnhs

HK\DZH[   UH[DZH[

 HK\DZH[?   Kuhfli `n chfki itirbh `n kräld

kräldti
ti (prästhmis
(prästhmis,, l`sku`ftis
l`sku`ftis,, hftdkdpi,
hftdkdpi,
hp
hp`r
`rtu
turh
rh l` kr
kräl
äldtdtis
is,, `t
`tk)
k),, `n chfk
chfki
i pu
pu`l
`l`
` `ftr
`ftr`b
`bhr
hr ld
ldf`
f`ri
ri ch
choi
oi ld
ldv`
v`rs
rshs
hs

kifldkdif`s (kif bhrhftíhs i sdf `nnhs).

 

Pfdv`rsdlhl Fhkdifhn „[hf Nuds Bifzhbh l` Dkh”

Jhkunthl l` Dfb`fd`ríh Kdvdn

 UH[DZH[? [if hqu`nnis jiflis l`pisdthlis ldr`kthm`ft` pir nh knd`ft`nh, l` nis

kuhn`s `n chfki pu`l` ldspif`r phrh nh r`hndzhkdûf l` sus ip`rhkdif`s l` hktdvi.
@stèf r`bdstrhlis `f `n nhli l`r`kai l`n Chnhfk` l` [dtuhkdûf7 sd`fli `n khsi
dfv`rsi l` nhs ku`fths l` hktdvi, yh qu` nis shnlis l` `sths ku`fths, hum`fthf
kif trhfshkkdif`s l` KSÄLD\I y ldsmdfuy`f kif nhs l` L@CD\I. Nh khpthkdûf
l` Uh
Uhsd
sdvi
vi,, `s l` br
brhf
hf dmpi
dmpirt
rthf
hfkd
kdh
h ph
phrh
rh ti
tili
li ch
chfk
fki,
i, yh qu
qu`
` supi
supif`
f` nh
nhss
hktd
hktdvd
vdlh
lhl`
l`ss qu`
qu` r`
r`hn
hndz
dzh
h ufh
ufh dfst
dfstdtdtuk
ukdû
dûf
f Ch
Chfk
fkhr
hrdh
dh ph
phrh
rh hn
hnn`
n`bh
bhrs
rs`
` ld
ldf`
f`ri
ri,,
`s`fkdhnm`ft` l`n pÿcndki `f b`f`rhn. Uhrh qu` uf chfki pu`lh l`shrrinnhrs`, `s
f`k`shrdi qu` hlqud`rh l`pûsdtis, pu`s sdf `stis `s dmpisdcn` kr`hr ufh r`s`rvh
sujdkd`ft` qu` n` hyul` h kinikhr `stis jiflis `f prästhmis ` dfv`rsdif`s qu` n`
b`f`r`f
b`f`r`f ldvdl
ldvdl`flis,
`flis, y qu` n` p`rmdthf ahk`r jr`ft` h nhs l`mhflhs l` r`tdri l`
ldf`ri `f `j`ktdvi, sindkdthli pir sus knd`ft`s.

35. Kimi s` l`fimdfh

l`fimdfh U@H y qu` `s nh Uinítdkh
Uinítdkh Jdskhn

@s `n kifoufti l` p`rsifhs qu`, `f ufh sikd`lhl l`t`rmdfhlh, `o`rk`f ahcdtuhnm`ft`

ufh hkt
hktdvd
dvdlhl
lhl `ki
`kifûm
fûmdkh
dkh i `st
`stèf
èf `f hpt
hptdtu
dtul
l l` trhcho
trhchohr
hr huf
hufqu`
qu` s` `fk
`fku`f
u`ftr`
tr`f
f
mim`ftèf`hm`ft` sdf ikuphkdûf pir khushs ho`fhs h su vinufthl. Nh U@H `stè
kifstdtudlh pir nis priluktir`s, `s l`kdr, pir qud`f`s l`s`mp`øhf hnbufh jufkdûf `f
nh hktdvdlhl priluktdvh l` nh sikd`lhl i `stèf `f pisdcdndlhl l` ahk`rni pir sus
kifldkdif`s l` `lhl y hptdtul, hufqu` trhfsdtirdhm`ft` khr`zkhf l` `mpn`i.

Nh pinítdkh jdskhn `s ufh rhmh l` nh pinít

pinítdkh
dkh `kifûmdk
`kifûmdkh
h qu` kifjdburh `n pr`supu`s
pr`supu`sti
ti
l`n @sthli, y sus kimpif`ft`s, `n bhsti pÿcndki y nis dmpu`stis, kimi vhrdhcn`s l`
kiftri
kiftrinn phr
phrh
h hs`
hs`bur
burhr
hr y mhf
mhft`f
t`f`r
`r nh `st
`sthcd
hcdndl
ndlhl
hl `ki
`kifûm
fûmdkh
dkh,, hmirtd
hmirtdbuh
buhfli
fli nhs
vhrdhkdif`s l` nis kdknis `kifûmdkis, y kiftrdcuy`fli h mhft`f`r ufh `kifimíh
kr`k
kr`kd`
d`ft
ft`,
`, l` pn`f
pn`fi
i `m
`mpn
pn`i
`i y sdf
sdf dfjn
dfjnhk
hkdû
dûf
f hn
hnth
th.. @n fh
fhkd
kdmd
md`f
`fti
ti l` nh t`
t`ir
iríh
íh
mhkri`kifûmdkh G`yf`sdhfh pusi l` mhfdjd`sti qu` nhs m`ldlhs l` nh pinítdkh jdskhn
dfjnuy`f `f brhf m`ldlh `f nhs vhrdhkdif`s h kirti pnhzi l` nh prilukkdûf, `n `mpn`i,
y nis pr`kdis.

DD. KIFKNP[DIF@[
 

Pfdv`rsdlhl Fhkdifhn „[hf Nuds Bifzhbh l` Dkh”

Jhkunthl l` Dfb`fd`ríh Kdvdn

 Nh @kifimíh @stuldh h nis [`r`s Aumhfis y nhs l`kdsdif`s qu` `nnis

timhf `f prikurh l` su cd`f`sthr m`ldhft` nh utdndzhkdûf l` nis r`kursis
ldspifdcn`s.
 Nhs l`kdsdif`s qu` tim`f nhs p`rsifhs sd`mpr` t`flrèf `n jdf l` kucrdr sus
f`k`sdlhl`s cèsdkhs (shnul, `lukhkdûf, kimdlh, v`stdm`fth, r`kr`hkdûf).
 Pfh kimufdlhl
kimufdlhl sd`mp
sd`mpr`r` t`flrè f`k`sd
f`k`sdlhl`s
lhl`s `f kifoufti,
kifoufti, uf phrqu`
phrqu`,, ufh
`sku`n
`sku`nh,
h, jnudli
jnudli `nä
`näktr
ktrdki
dki,, hbu
hbuh
h l`s
l`shbþ
hbþ`7
`7 sif dfl
dfldsp
dsp`fs
`fshcn
hcn`s
`s phr
phrh
h su
l`shrrinni? ni qu` s` kifik` kimi F`k`sdlhl [ikdhn.
 Uhrh nh hlqud
hlqudsdkdû
sdkdûf
f l` priluktis
priluktis,, `qudpi
`qudpis,
s, vdvd`flh
vdvd`flhss kif `n jdf l` ict`f`
ict`f`r 
r 
bhfhfkdhs, fi sini `f ldf`ri sdfi `f j`ndkdlhl `f `n khsi l` ufh khsh
pripdh7 s` r`qud`r` uf Khpdthn l` Dfv`rsdûf.
 [` td`f` qu` timhr `f ku`fth `n Kisti - C`f`jdkdi phrh uf khpdthn l`
Dfv`rsdûf, shc`r nh r`fthcdndlhl l` ni qu` s` pnhf`h hlqudrdr.
  Hn \imhr nh l`kdsdûf l` jirmhr ufh `mpr`sh phrh nh r`hndzhkdûf l`
Uriy`ktis, jdohr uf ico`tdvi knhri y t`f`rni p
pr`s`ft`
r`s`ft` ahsth kumpndrni.
 Nh m`oir mhf`rh l` s`r `xdtisi `stè `f nh ldskdpndfh qu` kimpr`fl`, nh
`jdkd`fkdh, r`spifshcdndlhl y p`rs`v`rhfkdh.
 [` l`c` t`f`r `f ku`fth qu` nhs hb`fkdhs
hb`fkdhs khndjdkh
khndjdkhlirhs
lirhs r`bun
r`bunhf
hf nis jnuois
l` khpdthn h fdv`n bnichn. @sths khndjdkhlirhs ijr`k`f ufh `vhnuhkdûf `xt`rfh
y ico`tdvh l`n rd`sbi l` ufh dfv`rsdûf.
 Pfh chs` trdcuthrdh itirbh uf pirk`ftho` h phbhr l`n dmpu`sti.
 @n cdnn`t` y `n ldf`ri sif nh chs` mif`t
mif`thrdh
hrdh l`n phís qu` p`rmdt
p`rmdt`f
`f ldv`rshs

trhfshkkdif`s.
 @n sdst`mh fhkdifhn l` `fl`ulhmd`fti l`n phís nn`vhrh uf kiftrin hl`kuhli
l`n `fl`ulhmd`fti
`fl`ulhmd`fti l`n s`ktir pÿcndki.

 Nh khphkdlhl l` `fl`ulhmd`fti `s cèsdkhm`ft` ahsth lifl` khlh ufi l`

fisitris pil`mis `fl`ulhrfis sdf kirr`r rd`sbis l` kh`r `f nh mirisdlhl
i `f `n dmphbi. @s l`kdr, ni mukai qu` pil`mis kiftrh`r l`ulhs sdf pif`r 
`f p`ndbri `n phbi l` nhs mdsmhs.
 KIFH[@Z td`f` pir jdfhndlhl primiv`r, sup`rvdshr y r`bunhr `n m`rkhli l`
vhnir`s.
 

Pfdv`rsdlhl Fhkdifhn „[hf Nuds Bifzhbh l` Dkh”

Jhkunthl l` Dfb`fd`ríh Kdvdn

 Nh l`vhnuhkdûf `s nh pärldlh l`n vhnir fimdfhn l` ufh mif`lh kirrd`ft`

jr`ft` h itrhs mif`lhs `xtrhfo`rhs.
 @n ALD s` chsh `f uf dfldkhlir sikdhn kimpu`sti pir ; phrèm`tris? vdlh
nhrbh, `lukhkd
`lukhkdûf
ûf y fdv`n l` vdlh ldbfh, `n DUK `s uf dfldkh
dfldkhlir
lir qu` khnkun
khnkunh
h
nh `vinukdûf l` nh dfjnhkdûf y `n DUM mdl` nh `vinukdûf l` nis pr`kdis l` uf
kifoufti l` cd`f`s h fdv`n mhyirdsth.
 [` l`fimdfhf Ip`rhkdif`s Chfkhrdhs h hqu`nnhs ip`rhkdif`s l` kräldti
prhktdkhlhs pir uf chfki l` mhf`rh prij`sdifhn, kimi `snhcûf l` ufh
s`rd` l` ip`rhkdif`s hktdvhs y phsdvhs sdmdnhr`s
 Nh U@H `s `n prdfkdphn dfldkhlir l` nh ij`rth l` mhfi l` icrh `f ufh
sikd`lhl.
sikd`lhl. Nhs p`rsif
p`rsifhshs `kifûmdkhm
`kifûmdkhm`ft`
`ft` hktdvhs sif tilhs hqu`nnhs qu`,
t`fd`fli `lhl phrh trhchohr, `stèf khphkdthlis.

DDD. CDCNDIBSHJÍH
JÍH @N@K\SÛFDKH

  ap?//www.`kifim
ap?//www .`kifimdhyjfhfz
dhyjfhfzhs.bic.ci
hs.bic.ci - @kifimdh y Jdfhfzhs
ap?//cinshl`ndmh
ap?//cins hl`ndmh.p`/ki
.p`/kifhs`v.atm
fhs`v.atmnn
ap?//tili`spisdcn`kifyund.cnibspit.p`/3580/5;/l`vhnuh
ap?//tili`spisdcn `kifyund.cnibspit.p`/3580/5;/l`vhnuhkdif-mif`thrdh-y-
kdif-mif`thrdh-y-
l`pr`kdhkdif.atmn
  ap?//www
ap?//www.ckrp.b
.ckrp.bic.p`/p
ic.p`/pucndkhkdi
ucndkhkdif`s/bn
f`s/bnishrdi/d.
ishrdi/d.atmn
atmn
ap?//www.mifibrhjhs.kim/trhchois::/ip`rhkdif`s-chfkhrdhs-v`f`zu`nh/i
ap?//www.mifibrhjhs. kim/trhchois::/ip`rhkdif`s-chfkhrdhs-v`f`zu`nh/ip`rhkdif`s-
p`rhkdif`s-
chfkhrdhs-v`f`zu`nh.satmn
  aps?//pr`zd.kim/<p3;gt43hvp-/p
aps?//pr`zd.kim/<p3;gt43hvp-/pindkh-jskhn-sus-`n`m`ftis/
indkh-jskhn-sus-`n`m`ftis/
jn`?///K?/Ps`rs/AU/Liwfnihls/50-kn-Unhfd%35y%35prib%35l`
jn`?///K?/Ps`rs/AU/Liwfnihls/50-kn-Unhfd %35y%35prib%35l`
%35thnn`r`sYKhmdfiKrdki-885<81.pl 
  aps?//`rils.jn`s.wirlpr`ss.kim/358;/53/dfb`fd`rdh-`kifimdkh-l`-l`bhrmi.pl
 

Pfdv`rsdlhl Fhkdifhn „[hf Nuds Bifzhbh l` Dkh”

Jhkunthl l` Dfb`fd`ríh Kdvdn

  ap?//www.chfr`pkunturhn.irb/cnhhvdrtuhn/hyulhl`thr`hs/`kifim
ap?//www.chfr`pkunturhn.irb/cnhhvdrtuhn/hyulhl`thr`hs/`kifimdh/`kifimdhYl`jfdkdi
dh/`kifimdhYl`jfdkdi
fYyYufkdif`s
  ap?//www.cnib`f`rbdhsist`fd
ap?//www.cnib`f`rbdhsist`fdcn`.kim/qu`-`s-ufh-`kifimdh-si
cn`.kim/qu`-`s-ufh-`kifimdh-sist`fdcn`/
st`fdcn`/
aps?//ris`rchtnn`.f`t/hpr`fldzho`-s`rvdkdi/lulhs-r`ku`ft`s/qu`-`s-ufh-f
aps?//ris`rchtnn`.f`t/hpr`fldzho`-s`rvdkdi/lulhs-r`ku`ft`s/qu`-`s-ufh-f`k`sdlhl-
`k`sdlhl-
sikdhn/
  ap?//www.mifibrhjhs.
ap?//www.mifibrhjhs.kim/trhchois<8/`vhnuhkdif-dfv`rsdif`s/`vhn
kim/trhchois<8/`vhnuhkdif-dfv`rsdif`s/`vhnuhkdif-
uhkdif-
dfv`rsdif`s3.satmn
  ap?//www.ics-`lu.ki
ap?//www.ics-`lu.kim/dft/cnib-prio`kt-mhfhb`m`ft/hktuhndlhl-p
m/dft/cnib-prio`kt-mhfhb`m`ft/hktuhndlhl-prio`kt-
rio`kt-
mhfhb`m`ft/nis-<-hktir`s-qu`-mhs-dfuy`f-`f-`n-`xdti-l`-uf-priy`kti
  aps?//www.m`.bic.p`/`s/hk`rkh-l`-l`ulh-pucndkh/dqu`-`s-l`ulh
ap?//www.hschfk.kim.p`/Uucndkhkdif`s/H[CHFK%35[`mhfhn%35354%35-
ap?//www.hschfk.kim. p`/Uucndkhkdif`s/H[CHFK%35[`mhfhn%35354%35-
%35@fl`ulhmd`fti.pl 

  ap?//www.ohv`rdhfh.`lu.ki/l`kdsdif`s/hfhnjf/khpdtuni<.pl
jn`?///K?/Ps`rs/AU/Liwfnihls/50-kn-Unhfd%35y%35prib%35l`
jn`?///K?/Ps`rs/AU/Liwfnihls/50-kn-Unhfd%35y%35prib%35l`
%35thnn`r`sYKh
%35thnn` r`sYKhmdfiKrd
mdfiKrdki-885
ki-885<81.pl
<81.pl
ap?//www.utm.mx/~ohal`zp/hrkadvis%35`strukturhs/L@[DKDIF.pl
ap?//www.utm.mx/~ohal `zp/hrkadvis%35`strukturhs/L@[DKDIF.pl
jn`?///K?/Ps`rs/AU/Liwfnihls/8<YHFHND[D[YL@YZHNIS.pl
jn`?///K?/Ps`rs/AU/Liwfnihls/8<YHFHND[D[YL@YZHNIS.pl

DZ. DFLDK@
 

Pfdv`rsdlhl Fhkdifhn „[hf Nuds Bifzhbh l` Dkh”

Jhkunthl l` Dfb`fd`ríh Kdvdn

D. Ku`std
Ku`stdifh
ifhrdi
rdi l`
l` ……………………………… 8

@kifimíh Uhrh .

Dfb`fd`ris

DD. Kifknusdi
Kifknusdif`s
f`s 3;

DDD. R`c brhjíh ……………………………… 30 

………………………………

.
 

Pfdv`rsdlhl Fhkdifhn „[hf Nuds Bifzhbh l` Dkh”

Jhkunthl l` Dfb`fd`ríh Kdvdn